Kai kurių fizikos terminų raida

The evolution of some physics terms ANGELĖ KAULAKIENĖ Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas Many of the current Lithuanian physics terms have varied greatly and changed until they became acceptable established terms used equally by all specialists. Most often, a normative term comes into force and becomes established in terminology from several synonyms or variants. This is especially evident when analyzing the stages of the development of Lithuanian physics terminology, starting with the first popularizing physics articles published in Keleivis (1849-1880) and Aušra (1883-1886). and ending with the latest normative terminographic physics publications. This article presents some of the most important current physics terms—wave, state, electricity, energy, discharge. force, movement. charge, body, magnetism, current, resistance —the evolution of a century and a half. To make it clearer, each term, its synonym or variant (phonetic, morphological, spelling, etc.) that has varied or changed during its development is illustrated with a sentence or fragment from the source, which is presented authentically, without correction of spelling and punctuation. The term nest starts with a solid term. Compound terms (two-word, three-word, etc.) that form the nest of a single term and which have varied over time. listed in alphabetical order by first word, with the sources listed in chronological order. All current physics terms used in this article are cross-referenced. The development of these and other physics terms is discussed in more detail in the book Lithuanian Physics Terminology Development (Kaulakienė 2009). This is how the evolution of the aforementioned physics terms looks. banga vilnis: The earth swayed and swayed under my foot as if it were a wave or a waltis on the waves of the sea. K 1869 5 18; <...> [air waves] encountering the second zerkol, placed in front of the first, reflect from the second and from their side converge close to it at one point <...> V 1890 12 189 218 Angelė Kaulakienė The evolution of some physics terms wavy whistling: <...> propagates, reflects, breaks and interferes wavy whistling air <...> V 1890 12 188 vilnis, -ies TFR139 wave: <...> the west woldjams are covered by waves <...> K 1870 11 44; The layer of thickened and thinned air forms one wave SF III 69; The distance between two points of the wave <...> is called the wavelength SF I 54; FTŽ1 10: Let's define the wave by the equation BF 1 173; FTŽ 1 44 banglla, -os FTZ; 28 wave, barigo FT Ž3 60 round, or spherical waves: <...> so around itself it will produce round, or spherical waves, made up of thickened and diluted air <...> FP III 70 circular wave FTŽ 1 44 circular wave FT Ž> 28: FTZ 60 bounce wave: |the wall from which the sound waves are bounced will be near us, so the bounced wave immediately returns, merging with the main wave <...> FP III 74 bounced wave: If the laws of reflection of sound waves agree with the laws of light, then the bounced waves must go back along a parallel fiber <...> FP III 73 reflected wave FTZ, 10 reflected wave FTZ 1 45 reflected wave FT Ž> 28 reflected wave FT Ža 60 elastic wave: <...> a plate made of quartz crystal oscillates in a high-frequency variable electric field, causing short elastic waves in air or liquid <...> BF II 63 tampridji banga, elastingoji banga FTZ 10 elastiné banga, tamprumo banga FTZ 1 46 eldstiskoji banga FT Ž> 31 elastiskoji banga see tamprioji banga FTŽ3 61 tamprioji banga FT Ž3 66 elektriszka banga: After all, the electric wave is not a wave of light, heat or sound: the wave of light we see, the wave of heat — we feel, the wave of sound — we hear V 1891 2 24; The famous inventor of the telegraph without wire Italian Marconi adapted the electric wave, on which the transmission, where necessary, does not require wire <...> T 1898 9 299 electro-- magnetiska banga: <...> we have to lead, yogis, the same inside, called the aether, which Terminology | 2009 | 16 219 passes the wave of light and heat, is there-already inside of the conducti- ve and electro-- magnetic wave V 18912 26 elektrybé: Electric. kaipo vilnétas viskejimas etero V 1891 1 6 electromagnetic wave: In order to give a clearer picture of the electromagnetic wave <...>, we will use the following examples FP VII 362; BF II 331 electromagnetic, or electric, wave: Thus, by causing a periodic electromagnetic disturbance, e.g., electrical vibrations, in any place of space, electromagnetic waves are propagated in the environment. or electric, waves BF 11 333 electromagnetic wave FTZ, 10: FTZ 1 46 electromagnetic wave FTZ, 29; F123 61 waves of sound: First, let's get acquainted with the character vilniy sound V 1890 12 188 sound wave: Sound waves bounce off trees, off mountains. from clouds, etc. 74 acoustic (= sound) wave FTŽ1 10 acoustic (= sound) wave FTŽ1 11 acoustic wave. sound wave FTZ 1 44 sound wave, acoustic wave FTZ 1 46 acoustic wave FTZ5 28; FTZ3 60 sound wave FTZ> 29; FTZ: 61 longitudinal wave: We are talking about the longitudinal wave then. when the oscillatory line of the particles coincides with the wave line <...> FP 156; FTZ 11: In solid elastic bodies and liquids, both transverse and longitudinal waves can be formed <...> BF 1176; FTZ 1 47 longitudinal wave: Let us note here that there are two kinds of waves: longitudinal (longitudinal) and transverse waves (transversal) FP I 56 long wave: When a slider slides back and forth in a tube, we get long waves ŠF III 70 longitudinal waves TFR 139 longitudinal wave FT Ž> 29: FT Ža 62 for example a chambertone, so that each point of it will rutulinė banga: ei ore virpės ne vienas taškas, bet kūnas. sudarytas iš daugelio taškų, produce spherical waves SF 111 70 spherical waves TFR 139 spherical (= spherical) wave FTŽ, 11 spherical (= spherical) wave FTŽ1 11 spherical, or spherical, wave: If the wave travels from any center of the ripple in all directions at the same speed. If the surface of the wave is spherical, then we have a spherical, or spherical, wave BF 11 130 spherical wave: If the wave travels from any center in all directions at the same speed, then the surface of the wave is spherical, then we have a spherical wave BF I 183 spherical wave, spherical wave FTŽ 1 50 spherical wave, spherical wave FTŽ 1 50 spherical wave, spherical 220 Angelė Kaulakienė | Evolution of Some Physics Terms wave FT Ž3 30 spherical wave see spherical wave FT Ž> 30 spherical wave FT Ž3 64 when particles oscillate. line is perpendicular to the wave line FP I 56 transverse wave (transverse): Let us note here that there are two kinds of waves: longitudinal (longitudinal) and transverse waves (transverse) FP 1 56 transverse waves (transverse waves) TFR139 transverse wave: In solid elastic bodies and liquids can form both transverse and longitudinal waves <...> BF I 176 transverse wave FTZ, 11; FTZ 1 50 transverse wave FTŽ> 30; FTZ5 65 propagating wave: A propagating wave, encountering any obstacle, is skersa, arba transversalinė, banga: Skersą, arba transversalinę, bangą mes turėsime tada, reflected from it and propagates in the opposite direction BF I 180 propagating wave FTZ, 11 propagating wave FTŽ 1 50 propagating wave FTZ, 30; FTŽ3 65 standing wave: <...> thus, the maximum amplitude of the propagating wave is twice the maximum amplitude of the propagating wave BF I 181 standing wave: A wave whose nodes remain at the same places all the time is called a standing wave BF I 181 standing wave FITZ, 11 standing wave FTZ 150 standing wave FT ŽŽ» 31; FTZ; 65 thermal wave: <...> we have to deduce, yogis, that the same inner being called aether, which transmits waves of light and Silumines, is the same-as the inner being transmitting and waves of electro-washing wave FTŽ1 11 Terminology | 2009 | 1¢ 221 gnetiškas V 1891 2 26 heat wave FTŽ 151 heat wave FT Ž> 31; FTZ 66 light wave: <...> we have to draw, yogis the same inside, called aether, which passes the wave Sviesines and Silumines, is there-yourself inside-passing and the wave electro-light wave FTŽ111: Light waves are very short <...> BF III gnetiškas V 1891 2 26 128; FTZ I 51 light wave FTZ,31: FT Ža 66 water wave: The earth was swaying and swinging under our feet as if a rope or a wallet on the water was swaying K 1869 5 18 water wave: We see that with water waves, when we throw not one, but a whole handful of pebbles SF III 70; FTŽ1 11; FTŽ I 52 water wave FT Ž3 67 state habitat: medegiszkas habitat A 1886 5 154 condition: So. The strength of the magnetic field in the equator state is 2 times less than in the axis state FP VII 15 stand A 1885 9 277; The change of the solid state into the liquid state changes the volume, the dullness of the solid state KF 181; Thus mass is nothing else than the quantity of material, regardless of what the material will be, what it is made of and in what state it is KF III 83; Such processes include the position of physical bodies FP I 4 position, or stand: All variants of physical bodies position, or stand, we call natural phenomena <...> FP I 3 presence, state, io, state TFR 1174 state: FT Ž1 13; Later Franklin (1706 —1790) developed the unitary hypothesis of electrification of bodies, according to which all bodies in normal state have an imperceptible („natural“) amount of electricity BF II 6 state -iai FTZ 159 state see state FT Ž> 37 state, -os FT Ž3 35; FTZ3 75 gaseous state: The fabric is in three states: solid, submerged and gaseous KF 3 gaseous state, gaseous TFR 181 gaseous state: Thus, potassium alkali will form in the cathode region, and hydrogen will appear on the cathode in gaseous state <...> FP VII 206 222 Angelė Kaulakienė | Evolution of Some Physics Terms gaseous state FTZ 159 fluctuating state FT Ž> 35; FTZ3 76 solid state: The fabric is in three states: solid, submerged and gaseous KF 3 state kietas(is) FTŽ 1 60 solid state FTZ 35: FT Za 77 magnetic state: So, this loop represents the tendency of the magnetic state to persist FP VII 263 magnetic state FTŽ I 61 magnetic state FT Ž> 36: FT Ža 77 neutral state FTŽ 161 neutral state FT Ž> 36; FT Ža 78 normal position: A pendulum bent from its normal position has a certain excess of potential energy <...> FP 159 normative position: By turning, say, an egg from its normative position, we raise its centre of mass and thus increase its potential energy FP I 69 normal state: Each superconductor has its own characteristic temperature at which it passes from the normal state to the superconducting state BF II 98 normal state FTZ 161 normal state FZ, 36; FT Ž3 78 basic state: The first basic state is represented by drawing 12 FP VII 14 basic state FIZ, 13; FTZ I 62 basic state FT Ž> 36; FT Ža 79 equilibrium position: |if we support a triangle at the intersection of its equators, then such a triangle will be in an infinite equilibrium position FP 1 66 equilibrium, equilibrium state FTŽ I 62 equilibrium state FTŽ3 36; FTŽa 79 rest position: <...> we must find in the body such a point at which the supported body returns FP I 12 Terminologija | 2009 | 16 t [US calmness, rest FTŽ 1 62 calmness FTZ 36: FTZ; FP I 12 Terminologija | 2009 | 16 t [US calmness, rest FTŽ 1 62 calmness FTZ 36: FTZ; FP I 12 Terminologija | 2009 | 16 t [US calmness, rest FTŽ 1 62 calmness FTZ 36: FTZ; FP I 12 Terminologija | 2009 | 16 t [US calmness, rest FTŽ 1 62 calmness FTZ 36: FTZ; FP I 12 Terminologija | 2009 | 16 t] 79 liquid state: MedZgina exists in three states: solid, liquid and gaseous KF 3 liquid state: During electrolysis KCI in liquid state at high temperatures [98 potassium ions reach the cathode <...> FP VII 206 liquid state FTZ I 63 liquid state FT Z> 37; FT Z3 80 superconducting state: Each superconductor <...> from normal state passes to superconducting state BF 11 98; FTZ 1 63 superconducting state: In the case of dogs there is a certain intermediate state between normal and superconducting states BF 11 211 superconducting state FT Z> 37; FT Z3 80 intermediate state: In this case there is a certain intermediate state between normal and superconducting states BF II 211; FTZ 163 intermediate state FTZ 37; FTZ5 80 electricity in electricity: Several objects, such as: Glass, Amber, Sera, Cat's Skin. Szilkai, Sakai and so far away, there in Elektryste K 1851 11 42 gintaryste: According to true Lithuanian Language més ta therefore galétumbim Gintaryste wadinti, but we will stay this time at the word, which other people gave to that Thing and wadinsim it Elektricitdit (= Elektrizitit—A. K.), or better according to our Pronunciation Elektryste K 1851 11 42 elektrika: elektryne: <...> jtekmeé elektrynés ant systémos dirksniu <...> A 1886 6 170 elektrybe: <...> elektrybe yra vilnétu viskejimu nekurio vidaus V 1891 2 26 Electricity was caught and used in the machine instead of steam <...> T 1898 10 330 [gintra] electricity: Thunder [gintra] electricity TK 85 electricity Įgintra |: Reverse, reverse-- meaning electricity [gintra [TK 73 electricity A 1883 8-10 281: A 1885 10-11 324; With electricity now gets aluuming much purer, than before V 1893 1 12; And thus, electricity is a part of nature, as well as heat, light or weight PF 94: TFR 1102: Electricity makes its way through those air points that make less obstacles <...> SF II 26; Two kinds of electricity FP VII 34; FTŽ1 21; Such a state, which we cause by rubbing bodies, we call electric state, and its cause —electricity FT Ž> 70; FT Ž3 154 subtractive (negative) electricity: Natural electricity is added to it in addition to the subtractive (negative) electricity <...> prevails without any BF II 5; FTŽ I 141 224 Angelė Kaulakienė | Evolution of Some Physics Terms restrictions today V 1891 1 7 negative electricity: Electricity of other things <...>, if equal to the electricity of the sticky rods — it will be called negative electricity PF 95 sakų, or rubber electricity: Thus, there are two kinds of electricity: one of them we call simply glass electricity, second saku, or rubber electricity SF 11 14 negative electricity, saku or rubber electricity TFR 842 negative electricity: Negative electricity atoms FP VII 385; This hypothesis asserted that in bodies there are separately positive („glass“) and negative („resin“) electricity BF II 6 negative electricity: If those rays meet on their way some conductor, even the same crystal, then electrify him negative electricity SF 11 52; FTZ, 21 negative (the) electricity FTŽ I 142 negative electricity FTZ, 70; FTŽ4 154 atmospheric electricity: <...> has to make an important judgment in the manifestations of electricity atmospheric and magnetism earth V 1891 2 26 atmospheric electricity: It must be said that the science of atmospheric electricity is comparatively young <...> FP VII 125; FIZ, 21; FTŽ I 141 atmospheric electricity FTŽ> 70: FTŽ3 154 contact electricity: Contact electricity and its laws FP VII 133 contact electricity FT Ž1 22 contact electricity, contact electricity FTZ 1 142 contact electricity, contact electricity FIZ, 70 contact electricity FT Ž3 155 adjuvant (positive) electricity: Natural electricity is added to the adjuvant adjuvant electricity: Theories that electricity is dual: adjuvant and (pozilyviszką) ir atimtinią (negatyviszką) A 1885 10—11 321 subtractive <...> prevail today without any restrictions V 1891 1 7 positive electricity: Electricity of other objects, if it is equal to the electricity of glass rods, is also called positive electricity <...> PF 95 glass electricity: There are two kinds of electricity: one of them is usually called glass electricity, the second is called saku, or rubber electricity SZF II 14 Terminology | 2009 | 16 225 positive electricity: In the example of the science of physics, one kind of electricity, namely that which we obtain by rubbing a glass rod with silk or amalgamated leather, will be called positive electricity <...> BF II 16; FTŽ1 22 positive glass electricity: Meanwhile, the positive glass electricity influences the comb teeth <...> BF II 20 homogeneous, or positive electricity: Then, through the influence of the b circle, the opposite, namely, negative electricity, and at the bottom the homogeneous, or positive BF II 25 homogeneous electricity: This happens because the uniform electricity through our body will go to the ground, and the electricity of the same priešingoji išsilaikys <...> ŠF II 19 sign: <...> the electric bodies of the same sign push, the electric bodies of different signs —attract each other BF II 9 positive electricity: Since those two electricitys act oppositely, then the glass electricity was called positive electricity <...> FP VII 36; Glass electricity is considered positive, and ebonite — negative BF II 9 positive electricity FT Ž4 22 positive electricity FT Ž> 70; FTZ3 155 energy V 1891 1 7: BF III 94; FP 1 69; BF II 106; FTŽ I 156; FTZ, 76; FTŽ43 170 acoustic energy FT Ž1 25 sound energy: In addition, the work part is converted into acoustic energy BF I 273 acoustic energy, sound energy FTŽ 1 156 atomic energy FIZ, 76; FTŽ3 171 sound energy FT Ž3 77; FTŽ3 172 chemical energy: Here we see an example showing us the change of chemical energy into thermal energy SF III 93; Today we no longer talk about forces, but we talk about magnetic, electric, chemical and other energies FP I 60 chemical energy (energy of explosive powder): In addition to the above-mentioned kinds of mechanical energy, there is also <...> chemical energy (energy of explosive powder) SF 111 92 chemical energy: <...> the chemical energy previously stored in the bomb is converted into mechanical SF II 93; FTŽ1 25; <...> we have mechanical, thermal, electric, magnetic, electromagnetic, chemical energy FTZ, 76; FTŽ3 171 rotational force FTZ 1271 rotational force FTZ, 124; FTZ; 292 Coulomb force FTŽ1 40: <...> Coulomb force is equal to zero <...> BF II 13 atominę, spinduliavimo, cheminę ir t. t. ernergiją BF I 48; FTŽ 1156 226 Angelė Kaulakienė | Evolution of Some Physics Terms Coulomb force FTŽ I 271 magnetic syla: <...> that so Kulono jėga FIZ, 124; FT Ž3 292 weik the electric current has stopped, and <...> its magnetic syla lost K 1851 13 50 magnetic syla: Rasi, the aether, which passes through itself the wave of light, has the power to take on also varieties, which we call by the name of elektrisky and magnetic syly V 1891 17 magnetic force: Such iron is called a magnet, and the special attraction force of such iron is called the magnet force SF II 3 magnetic force: The magnetic force of the Earth acts in various places in various directions FP VII 8; FTZ, 40; FTZ 1271 magnétiné force FTŽ> 124; FT Ž3 292 magneto- -motphoric force: Taking into account the similarity mentioned between the magnetic field and the electric current, we are talking about the magneto- -motor force and the magnetic resistance <...> FP VII 259 magneto- -motive force FT Ž1 40; Magneto- -motive force of the magnetizing field Uy, is expressed as follows <...> BF II 215; FTZ 1 271 magneto- -motive force FT Ž> 124 magneto- -motive force FTŽ3 416 molecular forces: In solid dielectrics, the carriers of elementary charge (ions, atoms and molecules) are maintained by atomic or molecular forces in certain equilibriBF II 42 um positions molecular force FITZ, 40 molecular force FTŽ 1271 molecular force FTZ> 124; FTŽ3 292 relational force: <...> gases have only a very small relational force and are constantly in motion KF 110 buckling, buckling, and (cohesion force) TFR 1247 coupling (cohesion) force FT Ž1 40; <...> between atoms and molecules there is a strong coupling (cohesion) force <...> BF 1 216 cohesion force FTŽ 1271 adhesion force, cohesion force FT Ž3 1272 Terminology | 2009 | 16 233 cohesion force, cohesion force FTŽ> 124 cohesion jéga see cohesion force FTZ3 292 sdnkibo force FT Ža 293 roughness and compressive force spaudžiama jėga: <...> tas dydis <...> pareina tiktai nuo tų paviršių medžiagos, jų <...> FP 128-29 compressive force: Compressive force proportional to the sizes of the wall surfaces ŠF I 38 compressive force FTZ, 40; FTŽ I 272 compressive force FT Ž> 124; FTZ3 293 weight force: But what is this weight force, which does not fit anyone and being invisible draws all things to the center of the earth? PF 7 Gravity prediction: The direction of the gravity prediction KF 26 Gravity force: If yes, then the moon, while running around the earth, remains on its elliptical orbit under the influence of the same force as the gravity force on the earth FP I 43 Gravity force: In each new position of the circle the same gravity force acts <...> FP I 94; From here we see that, when the body moves in a lying direction, the gravity forces do no work <...> SF III 86-87; FTZ, 40 weight-pull: <...> we divide weight-pull P by going by the law of the parallelogram into 2 forces <...> weight force see weight FT Z> 124 FP 128 weight FT Z3 335: FT Z3 789 tangential force: Thus, in order to balance the load, to the periphery of the screw head one must add tangential force <...> PF 1 82 tangential (= touching) force FIZ, 40 tangential force FTZ 1273 tangential force, touching force FTZ, 124 tangential force see touching force FT Za 294 touching force FT Z3 292 pulling force: Now <...> with a small twoor three-wheeled vehicle we get to see, on which a man sitting on a wheel as if with a foot turned can without any pulling force imaginedly quickly waseūti K 1869 26 103 pulling string: We see that the weight F suspended on the axis is twice as close to the place of resting as the end of a rope to which is attached a pulling string PF 14 pulling force: The usual for us motion of uniform acceleration is the fall of bodies, or attack, due to the ground's pull force <...> FP I 20 pulling force: Such an iron is called a magnet, o The special attraction force of such an iron is called the force of magnetism SF II 3; In the latter case, the time is too short for our attraction force to overcome the inertia of the ball <...> FP I 22; FTZ, 40 attraction force: Thus, for example, the potential energy of a stone on a mountain passes from the attraction force <...> FP I 58; The 234 Angelė Kaulakienė | Evolution of Some Physics Terms repulsive force acting between homogeneous magnetic poles we consider positive, and the attraction force acting between different kinds — negative BF II 158: FTZ I 273 attraction force FT Z> 125; FT Z3 294 attraction force: But today we know well that in all these cases the friction force FP I 59 attraction force acts: Thus the friction force always destroys the moment of motion FP I 27 friction force: The friction forces are reversed to the opposite side of the force P <...> SF III 89; The friction forces of rolling bodies are smaller than those of sliding bodies <...> BF I 103: FTZ, 40; FTZ I 273 friction force FTZ, 125; FT Ža 294 valence force: This is explained by the fact that the electrostatic forces acting on the ions in those electrolytes are great, when compared with the valence forces <...> BF II 117 valence force FT Z 1273 valeritiné force FTŽ3 125: FTŽ4 294 driving force: From it so called released weight n in the first second will pass through this floor, leaving on it additional weight, which in this case is the driving force FP I 24 driving force FT Ž> 125; FTŽ4 294 acting force: Departing from those studies. we say that every acting force is proportional to mass and acceleration <...> FP I 24-25 acting force: By noting the acting force with the letter f <...>, we can write the following equation <...> FP 127 motion stirring: How can every stirring tape and voice perform the corresponding work T 1898 7 33 stirring or moving: In Abel's words, we will stirring call everything that will give rise to a stirring or moving of an object from one place to another PF 7 squatting: In this way we call squatting of an object the change of its position compared to the position of some other non-moving objects KF 34 Terminology | 2009 | 16 235 veikianti(oji) jėga FTŽ I 274 veikiančioji jėga FT Ž> 125; FT Ž4 294 motion (kakimas- ): The phenomena of motion (kakimas) are more and more develop- <...> FP I 12 ed in nature jud, -džio TFR 252 motion: The motion of such objects as a train, a bird, a bullet, we see because the distance between us and those objects changes <...> ŠF I 18; We know that under specific conditions every motion stops if it is not supported by a certain jéga <...> FP I 25; FTŽ1 41; This kind of rotation we call the motion of a gyroscope BF I 73 motion: The more heated that object will be, the greater the motion of molecules must be SF I 109; TFR 879; FTZ, 42 movement, motion FTŽ I 277 movement, motion FT Ž3> 126 movement FT Ž3 297 movement FTŽ13 301 movement in a circle FZ, 41; Movement in a circle is accelerating movement BF I 66 circular movement, movement in a circle FTŽ 1277 circular movement FT Ž> 126; FT Ž3 298 movement normale FTYŽ, 42 normal movement, movement normale FTZ 1 280 normal movement FT Ž> 127; FTZ3 299 absolute movement: <...> neither absolute rest nor absolute movements we know FP I 16 absolute movement: ether and absolute movement FP VII 432 absolute movement FTZ 41 absolute movement, absolute- (s) movement FTZ 1277 absolute movement FTZ, 126 absolute movement FT Ž3 297 perpetuum mobile, or perpetuum mobile: Thus eternal motion, or perpetuum mobile, is an impossible thing SF II 91 to work such machines or to realize the idea of perpetuum mobile FP I 84 perpetuum mobile FT ŽZ 68 perpetuum mobile, perpetuperpetuum mobile (amžinasis judėjimas): Taigi nuo seniausių laikų buvo stengiamasi paum mobile FTZ, 1 277 perpetuum mobile FTZ 11 536; FTZ; 219 perpetual motion FIZ, 126; FTZ3 297 disorderly motion: <...> Here 0 represents the average velocity of the thermal (disorderly) motion of electrons BF [II 94 chaotic motion, disorderly motion FT Ž 1277 236 Angelé Kaulakiené | Kai kuriy fizikos terminy raida disorderly motion. chaotic motion FT Ž> 126 chaotic motion see chaos motion FT Ž3 298 chaos motion FT Ž3 298 brownian motion FTZ, 42 Brownian motion: The elementary electric charge can be determined by following the Brownian motion of an electrified particle in a gas BF II 41 Brownian motion FITZ 126: FTŽ3 298 accelerated motion: If at the same time they travel an increasingly longer distance, then the motion is accelerated <...> SF 119 accelerating motion: The latter equation expresses the distance traveled over time Brauno (Brown) judėjimas FTŽ 1 277 by a body moving in an evenly accelerating motion f <...> BF 1 23 accelerating motion FTZ I 278 accelerating motion FT Ž> 126 accelerating motion FT Ža 298 harmonic motion: The simplest of these is the harmonic periodic motion FP1 2 harmonic motion FT Ž1 42 harmonic motion FTŽ 1 278 harmonic motion FIZ 126; FITZ; 298 variable motion TFR 126 variable(s) motion TFR 879 alternating motion: In plain English, the momentum of the variable motion considered at real speed would be the velocity of the point that it would have if from that moment the motion ceased to change in terms of velocity and direction FP 1 17 variable(s) motion FT Ž 1 279 variable motion FT Ž> 126; FT Ž4 299 Terminology | 2009 | 16 237 curved (curved) motion TFR 488 curved motion FTZ, 42; The acceleration of curved motion a unequivocally defines the nature of the variation of the body's velocity BF I 25; FTŽ 1279 curved motion FT Ž> 126; FT Ža 299 decreasing motion: If the constant force goes from the side, then the motion does not necessarily have to be accelerated kreivaeigis judesys TFR 126 or decreased SF 1 26 decreasing motion FTZ 1279 decelerating motion FT Ž> 126 decelerating motion KF 24 molecular motion FTZ, 42; FTŽ 1 279 molecular motion FTZ> 126; FTŽ3 299 uneven motion: In addition, the motion can still be even or even if the object travels a path of equal length at the same time. and uneven motion SE I 19 uneven motion FTZ, 42: FTŽ I 280 uneven motion FTZ, 127 uneven motion FTZ3 299 relative motion: <...> we can only talk about relative rest and about relative motions sumažintasis judesys, mažėjamasis, mąžtamasis, vienodai mažėjąs judesys TFR 345 FT Ža 299 FP 1 16 real motion: The real motion here is the oscillation of material points, you vibration, or oscillation <...> FP I 55 comparative, visible, relative motion TFR 835 relative motion FTŽ14 42 relative motion, relative motion FTZ 1 281 relative motion, relative motion FTZ, 127 relative motion FTZ3 300 sliding motion: The sliding motion of the plunger can be converted into a rotation by certain devices <...> SF I 137 transmission (= sliding) motion FTZ, 42 sliding (= transmission) motion FTZ, 42; In addition, we divide movements into j sliding (translation) and rotation (rotation) motions BF 1 19 238 Angele Kaulakiené | Development of some new terms in physics FT Ž> 127 sliding motion FT Ž3 300 static (vertical) motion: <...> that is, all its static (vertical) motion will last <...> seconds FP I 35 vertical motion, vertical transliūcinis judėjimas žr. slenkūmasis judėjimas FTŽa 301 motion FT Ž 1 281 vertical motion, vertical motion FT ŽZ» 127 vertical motion FT Ž3 300 vertical motion see vertical motion FT Ž3 301 rotation (rotational) motion TFR 152 rotational motion FT Ž1 42 rotational (rotation) motion: <...> then we have the body's rotational (rotation) motion BF 119 rotation motion: In addition, we divide movements into sliding (translation) and rotation (rotation) movements BF 1 19 rotating motion, rotation, rotation FTŽ I 282 rotating motion FTZ> 127: FTŽ4 300 thermal motion FZ 42; At higher temperatures the velocity of movement increases, thus the energy of thermal motion increases BF 1273; FTŽ I 282 thermal, or thermal, motion: Therefore, the movement of body components is called thermal, or thermal, motion BF 1 273 thermal motion FT Ž> 127; FT Ža 301 linear motion; When speaking of straight movements, we can replace the movement of the whole body with the movement of a single point <...> FP I 14 Movement in a straight line: First of all, we mean here movement in a straight line. <...> FP T 13 Linear motion FT Z1 42: According to the body's traveled path, or trajectory. BF I 19: FTŽ 1282 straight motion FV Ž> 127: FY Ža 301 continuous motion: If we push the weight n from the right side upwards, we would have continuous motion <...> FP 122; FTŽ1 42; FTZ I 282 Terminology | 2009 | 16 239 continuous motion: If the kinetic energy given to the body is the cause of continuous motion <...>, then that kinetic energy is exhausted only to overcome the friction moment <...> FP 169 even or uniform motion: In addition, the motion can still be even or uniform if the object travels a path of equal length at the same time <...> FP I 19 even (equal speed) motion; Such motion is called constant (equal speed) motion BF 1 19 constant motion FT Ž> 127 constant motion FT 23 301 constant acceleration motion: Of the various alternating motions, the simplest will be the motions of constant acceleration or constant decrease <...> FP I 17 motion of uniform (equal) acceleration: If the length of the path of the object at the same time increases equally, then the motion is of equal (equal) acceleration <...> SF I 19 motion of uniform acceleration: <...> the motion of a falling object is of equal acceleration SF 1 20 uniformly accelerating motion FTZ, 42; When the acceleration remains constant all the time, the motion of the body is called uniformly accelerating motion BF 1 21 uniformly accelerating motion FT Ž I 278 uniformly accelerating motion FT Ž> 126; FTŽ3 301 constant decrease motion: Of the various alternating motions, the simplest will be the motions of constant acceleration or constant decrease <...> FP 117 uniform decrease motion: If the length of the path of the object at the same time increases equally, then the motion is of equal (equal) acceleration, if it decreases equally — the motion of equal decrease SF I 19 sumažintasis judesys, mažėjamasis, mąžtamasis, vienodai mažėjąs judesys TFR 345 tolygiai lėtėjantis judėjimas FTZ, 42 evenly decelerating motion FIZ 1 279 evenly decelerating motion FTZ, 126; FT Ž3 301 oscillation motion KF 218 oscillation motion, oscillation FT Ž I 283 oscillation motion see oscillation FT Ž> 127 oscillation FTŽ3 925 charge charge, o, charge, -0s TFR 625 blood: To test the size of the electric blood at various 240 Angelė Kaulakienė | Evolution of Some Physics Terms points of the conductor we use a small metal circle with a glass rod ŠF II 17 electricity: <...> the test ball is electrified with the same electricity as the outer surface of the vessel FP VII 41 charge FTŽ1 50: The negative electric charge of the Earth should be quickly eliminated by positive ions brought by air conduction and convection currents BF II 68: FTZ I 358 kriw|is, ~iai FTŽ> 154; FTŽ3 368 electric blood; Electricity from the rod will pass into the ball, and the more times we touch the electrified rod, the greater the electric charge in that ball will be SF II 13 electric charge FTZ, 50; The amount of electricity in the body is called the body's electric charge electric charge FT Ž> 154; FTŽ3 369 elementary charge FT Ž1 50 BF II 9 elementary electric charge: The above method of measuring the elementary electric charge e is based on Stokes' law BF II 41 elementary(s) electric charge FTZ 1 359 elementary electric charge FTZ, 154; FT Ža 369 induced charge F17Z, 50 induced electric charge: Now let us try to investigate what depends on the size of the electric charge g* induced by the conductor BF II 27; FTŽ I 359 induced electric charge FTZ, 154; FT Ž3 369 negative charge F TŽ 50 negative charge: In an electrostatic field created by electric charges, the force lines begin at a positive charge (+ source) and end at a negative charge (— source) <...> BF II 14 negative charge FTŽ 1 360 negative charge FTŽ5> 155: FTŽ3 369 specific charge FT Ž1 50; FTŽ 1 360 specific electric charge: The ratio of the amount of electricity in a particle g to its mass m is called its specific electric charge BF 11 89 specific charge, specific charge FT Ž> 155 specific charge FTŽ3 370 Terminology | 2009 | 16 241 point charge FTŽ1 50; FTŽ 1 361 point electric charge: We can imagine that the electric charge is concentrated in a point. Then we are talking about the point charge BF 11 9 point charge FT Ž> 155; FT Ž3 370 positive charge FT ŽZ, 50 positive charge: In the electrostatic field created by the electric charges, the jégy lines begin in the positive curve (+ at the source) and end in the negative charge (—at the source) positive charge(s) FTZ I 361 positive charge FT Ž3 155; FT Ža 370 volumetric electric charge: <...> due to non-uniformity, uneven electric charges are induced, so that volumetric electric <...> BF II 14 charges are formed inside it [the dielectric] BF 11 45 volumetric charge FTŽ 1 361 volumetric charge FITZ, 155: FIZ; 370 body object: Objects, which show from Sawes Elektrystés not there, but so easily from another Object Elektryste receives, wadiname priimanczius K 1851 11 42; Every object weighs, nothing is held it falls down SF I 13 object: We will separately examine how heat transfer things solid, liquid and gases PF 65 kuna: The sound-carrying kuna gives its vibrations about itself to the current space (even to the air) KF 220 body: Let us be given a body NM (picture 22), which stands in front of the mirror further than the center SF III 17; TFR 1377; <...> each body occupies a greater or smaller part of space <...> FP I 3; FTŽ1 50; Hardness is the resistance of a body to penetrate into another body BF 1108; FTZ I 362 body FTZ, 155; FTŽ3 371 absolutely elastic body: Let us now take two elastic bodies (we mean here absolutely elastic bodies, which in reality do not exist <...>) <...> FP I 30 at the moment of action of external forces would mean resistance equal to those forces <...> FP I 30 rigid, or elastic, body: <...> rigid, or elastic, bodies, such as ivory-made balls, collide FP absolutingai elastingas kūnas: Absolūtingai elastingais kūnais būtų tie, kurie kiekvienu I 30 three-phase current FTZ, 87; FTŽ II 772 three-phase electric current; In the electrical network its [electrical power £1 £> £3| causes three-phase electric triphase current FT Ž> 321; FT Ža 756 single-phase current: Such current is called single-ph242 Angelė Kaulakienė | Evolution of Some Physics Terms ase current and such current generator, or alternator, is called single-phase FP VII 333 single-phase current FTZ 11 772 single-phase current FT7Z, 321: FTZ; 757 srovę BF II 305 ground current: Thomson also clarified this matter and devised measures to eliminate the harmful effect of ground currents FP VII 282 ground (electric) current FTZ 11 772 Ground electric current FITZ, 321: FT Ž3 757 resistance SF II 37; FP VII 293; [TK 94; FTZ, 99; BF II 72; FTZ II 922; TZ; 380; FTZ; 897 inductive resistance FTZ, 99 inductive resistance, or inductance: As frequency increases, inductive resistance, or inductance, L, increases <...> BF II 293 inductance: Throttle inductance, Lyra high <...> BF II 293 inductive resistance FTŽ 11 924 inductive resistance FTZ, 380; FTZ; 898 external resistance: Now, without touching those conductors, namely without changing the external resistance, let's turn off that element <...> SF II 37 field (external) resistance: Those resistances, about which we have now spoken, are called field (external) resistances SF 11 37 field resistance: With the nominal field resistance r, we will see that such a battery will give an electric current <...> SF II 41 external resistance FT Ž1 99; FTŽ 11 924 external resistance FT Ž> 381: FITZ, 898 comparative resistance: Here r stands for the so-called comparative resistance FP VII 169 specific resistance FTZ; 100; The value, <...>, is called the conductor resistance BF 11 73: FTŽ II 927 Terminology | 2009 | 16 249 impedance, specific impedance FT Z3 381 specific impedance FTŽa 900 reactive impedance FTŽ1 99; <...> impedance Z is composed of two parts: active varžos R. kuri dar vadinama omine varža, ir dalies, <...>, vadinamos reaktyvine varža BF II 291; FTŽ II 927 reactive resistance, reactant FTŽ> 381 reactive resistance FT Ža 900 thermal resistance, or thermistor: The significant dependence of the electrical conductivity of semiconductors and their resistance on temperature is used practically in thermal resistors, or thermistors BF 11 107 thermistor (= thermal resistance) FTŽ1 95 thermal resistance (= thermistor) FTZ., 91 thermal resistance FTŽ 11 928 thermistor FTŽ 11 868 thermal resistance, thermal resistance FT Ž> 382 thermistor, thermal resistance FIZ 356 thermal resistance FTŽ3 901 thermistor FT Ž3 842 capacitive resistance FTŽ) 100 capacitive resistance, or conductance: As the frequency increases, the inductive resistance, or inductance, L, increases, and the capacitive resistance, or conductance, 1/C„decreases BF II 293 capacitive resistance: If in the circuit we have only ohmic <...> and capacitive <...> vars, then in the capacitive resistance the voltage drop <...> BF II 294 capacitive resistance FTZ 11 928 capacitive resistance FT Ž> 382; FT Ža 901 internal resistance: The resistance of the element is called internal resistance SF II 37 internal resistance, resistance, resistance TFR 122 external resistance: But the external resistance of such batteries will be n times greater <...> FP VII 185 internal resistance FTŽ1 100, FTZ 11 928 internal resistance FTZ, 382; FT Ž3 901 SOURCES A —Ausra, Newspaper, published by Dra. 250 Angelė Kaulakienė | Evolution of Some Physics Terms Bassanawicziu (1883–1886- ). BF —Brazdžiūnas P. General Physics, 1-4 d.. Vilnius, 1960—1965. FP —Čepinskis V. Lectures on Physics. I-VII sk., Kaunas, 1923-1926. FTŽ 1 - Dictionary of Physics Terms. Project: I d., Vilnius, 1971. FTZ II —Dictionary of Physics Terms. Project: II d., Vilnius, 1973, FTŽ1 —Dictionary of Physics Terms. Red. P. Brazdžiūnas, Vilnius, 1958. Dictionary of Physics Terms. Vyr. red. P. Brazdžiūnas, Vilnius, 1979, FTŽ14 —Palenskis V., Valiukėnas V., Žalkauskas V., Žilinskas P. J. Dictionary of Physics Terms Vilnius, 2007. 1924: The Pronouns, or Terms, adopted by the Terminology Commission. K —The traveler from Karaliaučius to the Lithuanian brothers (1849-1880- ). KF —Končius Ig. Physics: Physics textbook for high schools |Rankrastis| (VUBR, F1. F1039), PF —Neris P. Populiariszkas rankvedis fy=ikos, Senandoras, 1899. SF —Šakenis K. Physics. 1-3, 1920. T —Tėvynė, Monthly newspap1919. er, Organ of Lithuanian Association in America. Plymonth, Pennsylvania (1896—1899). TFR —Terms for Physics. —Lithuania, 1923-1924. V — Varpas. Monthly newspaper of literature, politics and science, Tilžė-Ragainė (1889—1905). LITTERACY Kaulakienė A. 2009: Development of Lithuanian Physics Terminology, Vilnius. Received 2009-12-09 Angelė Kaulakienė Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas Saulėtekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius E-mail: [email protected] lt Terminology | 2009 | 16 251