Simono Daukanto ir Lauryno Ivinskio lenkų–lietuvių kalbų žodynų lietuviškos terminologinės medicinos leksikos vedyba

170 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Simono Daukanto and Lauryno Ivinskio Polish-Lithuanian Dictionary        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba Translation of the Lithuanian terminological medical lexicon of the Polish–Lithuanian dictionaries by Simonas Daukantas and Laurynas Ivinskis PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ Institute of Lithuanian Language KEY WORDS: dictionary, lexicon, medicine, dictionary of medical terms Simonas Daukantas (1793–1864) and Laurynas Ivinskis (1810–1881) – prominent figures of Lithuanian science, culture and education in the first half of the 19th century. The bar of both activities was very branched. In addition to their manuscripts and printed works in literature, folklore and other fields of science, these two great people of Žemaitija contributed to the existence, enrichment and survival of Lithuanian as a common language of the whole nation, leaving a profound mark in the history of Lithuanian lexicography and terminology. They collected and accumulated the vocabulary of the Lithuanian language (folk songs, fairy tales, small folklore) and created new words themselves, wrote dictionaries1. Their recent work opens wide horizons of research. Some dictionaries have already been studied (S. Daukanto great Polish–Lithuanian dictionary2, L. Ivinskio bilingual and quadrlingual dictionaries3), others are still waiting for the insightful gaze of researchers. 1 S. Daukantas has written at least four dictionaries, of which only one, the smallest (Latin–Lithuanian), has been printed. The largest of them is the Polish-Lithuanian dictionary, a manuscript containing about 56,000 Polish register words. Unfortunately, this dictionary was not completed, and only about 35 thousand Polish vocabularies have Lithuanian equivalents. It has no title, title, title page, so it is conditionally called the great Polish-Lithuanian dictionary of S. Daukantas. The manuscript is stored in the library of the Lithuanian Institute of Literature and Folklore (F 1/SD 12) (Subačius 1993: 135; see Subačius 1990: 20–32). There are preserved manuscripts of two bilingual and one quadrilingual dictionary written by L. Ivinski: Polish–Lithuanian dictionary (Słownik polsko–litewski), Russian–Lithuanian dictionary (Словаръ Росийско-Литовскiй), Russian–Lithuanian–Latin–Polish dictionary (Словаръ Росийско-Литовскiй съ Латинско-Польскимъ) (for more see Kruopas 1960; Auksoriūtė 1999, 2007; Kažukauskaitė 2010). His largest Polish-Lithuanian dictionary, covering the letters A-R and containing 2060 pages, is kept in the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków. Fragments of the Russian-Lithuanian dictionary (1193 p.) and the Russian-Lithuanian-Latin-Polish dictionary (96 p.) can be found in the archives of the Geographers’ Society in St. Petersburg (see Auksoriūtė 1998: 38). 2 See. 1993 Submission. 3 See. Kruopas 1960; Vitkauskas 1996, 1997; Auksoriūtė 1998, 1999, 2000, 2003; Kažukauskaitė 2010. 171Terminologija | 2015 | 22 Dideli jų nuopelnai lietuvių terminologijos (gamtos mokslų, ypač botanks, and history) history. S. Daukantas wrote the first Lithuanian History of Lithuania and other historical books (although the terminology of the history of these works has not yet been thoroughly studied), prepared Lithuanian textbooks for schools, translated fictional literature into Lithuanian, as well as farm advice books on meadow farming, gardening, beekeeping, forestry, tobacco, hops cultivation and fire protection (see Zinkevičius 1990: 149–151; VLe iV 529–530; for more details see Merkys 1991). L. Ivinskis published Lithuanian calendars, translated fiction into Lithuanian, wrote advice books on morality, etiquette, animal care and care and other issues, and was one of the first to create botany terms4 (see Zinkevičius 1990: 162–163; VLe Viii 421–422; for more details see Petkevičiūtė 1988; PMKŠ 2012). from their eyes was not released and the field of medicine. Although they did not write special works in this field5, the vocabulary related to medicine can be read in their other works. Thus, it can be said that they contributed to the creation of Lithuanian medical terminology. The object of this article is the bilingual Polish-Lithuanian dictionaries of S. Daukanto6 (S. Dauk) and L. Ivinskio7 (i). Their medical vocabulary has not yet been studied, so the aim is to fill this gap. From these dictionaries, Lithuanian vocabulary naming various medical concepts (single-word derivative names) was selected8. 4 The terminological legacy of L. Ivinskis is reviewed in the doctoral dissertation of Albina Auksoriūte Lauryno Ivinskio terminologijos darbai (20001). 5, except for L. Ivinskis, whose section on human diseases and their treatment, prepared by him in the part of the Metskaitlių ūkis of his largest printed work, can be considered a separate work in the field of medicine. In addition, it is worth mentioning the manuscript Method of treatment of diseases of humans and animals, which indicates what diseases and how to treat with various plants or substances. In this manuscript, L. Iwanski used over 400 terms. The colloquial manuscript held by Kaunas Medical University has disappeared (see Auksoriūtė 20002: 4, 6). 6 The fourth and largest Polish register of S. Daukanto dictionary (DLL) is based on Stanisław Ropelewski’s Polish-French dictionary (1847). DLL is probably more oriented to educated or educated Lithuanian readers. It was probably written not only as a dictionary of the Polish language, but also as a normative dictionary of the Lithuanian language (see Subačius 1990: 27–28). 7 In Lithuanian linguistic works, the dictionary of L. Ivinskis is referred to in various ways, for example, Jonas Kruopas called it Lietuviškai lenkų žodynas (Kroopas 1960: 192), Zigmas Zinkevičius, Jonas Palionis – Polish–Lithuanian language dictionary (see Zinkevičius 1990: 164; Palionis 1995: 194), A. Auksoriūtė (1998, 1999, 2003, 2007) referred to it as Polish–Žemaičių language dictionary (Słownik polsko– żmudzki), Ona Kažukauskaitė – Polish–Lithuanian language dictionary (Słownik polsko–litewski). The work of L. Ivinskis discussed in the article is called the Polish-Lithuanian dictionary, i.e., as it is called in the book prepared and published by O. Kažukauskaitė, which publishes the surviving part of the manuscript dictionary (letters A–R), accompanied by a digital plate with a facsimile of the manuscript. 8 Abiejuose žodynuose rasti 362 terminologinės medicinos leksikos vienetai (įskaitant variantus), iš jų 323 lietuviški, 26 skoliniai ir 13 hibridų bei mišrios kilmės žodžių junginių. 172 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Simonas Daukantas and Laurynas Ivinskis        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba Polish–Lithuanian i.e. title Polish word and its Lithuanian equivalents with all grammatical references. The lexical units in the article are not called medical terms because the lexicographical sources are general translation dictionaries of the first half of the 19th century, therefore a term of the terminological medical lexicon is chosen to be used. The terminology of medical vocabulary in the glossaries is discussed in one main aspect – expression, but the semantic aspect is also used – it is based on the subjective classification of the concepts of anatomy (names of body parts, organs) and clinic (names of diseases, morbid states). The aim of the study is to identify the categories of the vedic Nagrinėjami tik lietuviškos kilmės leksiniai vienetai. Straipsnio tikslas – nustatyti vedinių darybos būdus ir jų santykį, darybos language, to discuss the types of the latter’s work, to find out which groups of medical concepts are named by the vedic language, to establish the relationship of the vedic language with the living and written language, possible novelties of the dictionaries’ authors, to evaluate the vedic language in terms of its survival in the current common Lithuanian language and medical terminology. CREATION OF LEADERSHIP Most of the words and word combinations in the dictionaries of S. Daukantas and L. Ivinskis are of Lithuanian origin, i.e. purely Lithuanian, which make up 89% of the entire terminological medical lexicon of both dictionaries (including variants). Understandably, both lexicographers were great lovers of their mother tongue. The derivatives selected from these dictionaries (they constitute about 46% of Lithuanian terminological medical vocabulary) are divided into derivatives of suffixes, prepositions and endings according to the way of construction9. In linguistic groups, words are grouped according to their semantics. In this way, certain microsystems are formed, for example, names of body parts, names of organs, names of diseases, diseased states, persons and other names. 1. VeDiNiAi10. 1.1. Derivatives of adverbs The largest group of Vedic words consists of medical terms derived with suffixes (123 lexical units) (see table 1). They are divided into more 9 Dėl didelės tiriamosios medžiagos apimties šiame straipsnyje aptariami tik vediniai, nenagrinėjami dūrybos būdu sudaryti lietuviškos terminologinės medicinos leksikos vienetai. 10 Aprašant žodynų vedinius remtasi diachroninės ir sinchroninės žodžių darybos darbais (Ambrazas 1993, detailed 2000; DLKG 2006; LKG 1965; Skardžius 1996; Urbutis 2009). 173Terminology | 2015 | 22 according to the categories of action into deminutives (minor nouns), names of actions, or abstracts of verbs, names of properties, or abstracts of nouns, names of actors and possessors of verb properties, names of possessors of noun properties, names of results of actions, names of places and names of persons according to profession. These categories in turn are made up of types of action (see Ambrazas 1993: 10). The Vedic is presented according to its abundance. 1.1.1. DeMinuTyVAi (Minuscule Nouns) They are called derivatives of adverbs, made from nouns and denoting the same thing as the base word, but a smaller one (DLKG 2006: 87), in other words, deminutives are considered words denoting a minority. -el, -el. In the dictionaries of S. Daukantas and L. Ivinskis there are three derivatives derived from the last suffix of Lithuanian deminutives -elis, -elė11, which have a purely minor meaning. The base nouns of these vedas denote an organ (abdomen), a vessel (cup) and an injured part of the skin or mucous membrane (wound): Brzuszek, -ka. m. Pilwēlis12 ~ pilvelis i 2413, plg. 11: 11. pp. 11. Bank, Banka, <...>14, taurele, banki stawic, taureliemis kraujų lejsti ~ taurelė, taurelėmis kraujį leisti S. Dauk i 75, but plg. 5: Left. bank, lit. bankas, though pol. bańka, lit. bonka, plate; cup; Ranka,żajz de le, <...> ~žaizdelė S. Dauk iii 29, plg. 203; Deut. ranka, lit. wound. These deminutives are words of living language15. 11 S. Daukantas and L. Ivinski took words (vedic) from the living language for their dictionaries, i.e. they terminologized them, and used them as equivalents of the Polish language. In this article, such words are treated as derivatives in terms of action. 12 Lexical units are written in bold by the author of this article. 13 Examples of dictionaries are given in the original spelling, followed by the title in the current spelling. 14 The parentheses indicate the omitted Lithuanian equivalent of the Polish title word, which (mostly) is not a derivative word (it is either a simple word, a punch, a loan, a hybrid, or a combination of words) and is therefore not considered in this article. In the following examples of dictionary articles, the omitted lexical units are underlined, e.g. : Apetyt -u, m. Àlkis, wàlgima nòras. Niema apetytu. Wàlǵimas nējam i 4–5, Aptekarstwo -a, n. Wajstʼińīsté -es, m. Aptiekorīsté i 5, Doktor, gydytojas. daktaras S. Dauk i 145, Cirulik, ka. m. Kràulejdʼ īs, -dzia. w. Skutièjas, -a. w. and 36, Body, -a. n. Kùnas, -na. – dead; -lia. -lia. w. lé, -les. m. Lawōnas, -na. w. and 32. But there are cases that missthe way of fighting, for example. : Boleść, -ści. f. Sąusmas, sòpŭlis, skaudièjimas, ǵîła, -łos, gièlimas i 20, thus discussed in mas žodis taip pat yra vedinys, tik priklauso kitai darybos kategorijai, kitam darybos tipui arba kitam dathe corresponding part of the article. 15 Nustatant žodžių liaudiškumą, remiamasi akademinio lietuvių kalbos žodyno (toliau – LKŽe) duomenimis. Žodis laikomas liaudiniu, jei žodyne jis ar jo reikšmė yra paliudyta iš gyvosios kalbos (tai rodo tarabbreviations of the localities). 174 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Polish–Lithuanian fixed usage sentence from Pušaloto        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba (Pasvalio r.) by Simonas Daukantas and Laurynas Ivinskis. The medical meaning of the word „taurelė kraujaleidžio“ is “a certain glass vessel, placed on the body of a sick person to draw the blood to the surface” and is taken from the Lithuanian–German and German–Lithuanian dictionary by Pilypas Ruigis (1747), the Lithuanian–German and German–Lithuanian dictionary by Kristijonas Gotlybas Milkaus (1800) and the writings of L. Ivinskis. The sentences of the usage of Žaizdelė are presented from Jurbarkas, Rozalimas (Pakruojo r.), Valkininkai (Varėnos r.). - Shadow. A couple of deminutives are derived from the suffix -ėlis. They are derived from basic nouns denoting persons (baby, child): Dzieciątko, -teczko, -a. n. <...>, kudikēlis, -lia. w. ~ kūdikelis i 62, pg. 29; Deut. dzieciątko, lit. child, baby; Child, -a. -iuk. m. <...>, wajkŭtēlis, -ia. w. ~ vaikutelis i 62, plg. 29; Deut. dzieciuch, lit. child. It should be said that the basic derivative child noun vaikutis is also a derivative – a deminutive of the suffix -utis. The LKŽ presents a baby of usage sentences with deminutive from Jakubas Brodovskis’s Lexicon Germanico–Lithvanicvm et Lithvanico–Germanicvm, Antanas Juška’s Lithuanian Songs (Kazan, 1880–1882) and Mikalojus Daukša’s Postila (1599). The word child is not detected, but it is undoubted that this word is from the living language. 1.1.2. TITLES OF ACTIONS OR ABSTRACTS OF VERBS Compared to other categories of derivatives, these derivatives are the most numerous. They are made up of prepositional or non-prepositional verbs and denote actions, events, processes or states related to medicine. -Is. In the studying dictionary prevails with suffix -im derived Vedic. Semantically, they belong to the group of names of actions, events, processes and states related to medicine. This is the case, for example, with the first-order and second-order derivatives. In the dictionary of L. Ivinski, the following names are given with the meaning of "treatment", "healing": Gojenie. Gʼìdimas, gijìmas ~ treatment, healing i 82, cf. 40: Vol. gojenie, lit. healing; healing. In the meaning of "treatment" Daukantas still used the word Leczenie, wajstiejimas ~ vaistėjimas S. Dauk i 331, plg. 74; Deut. 2000: The 1000-Day Challenge, a campaign to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS and its treatments. 2001: The 1000-Day Challenge, a campaign to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS and its treatments. In the LKŽ the derivative treatment is presented as a living word – an illustrative sentence from Sintautai (Šakių r.). Meanwhile, the healing recorded by Friedrich Kur- 175Terminology | 2015 | 22 šaičio lietuvių–vokiečių kalbų žodyne (1883) ir Jurgio Šlapelio lietuvių ir rusų kalbų žodyne (Vilnius, 1921). There are many names related to the feeling of various kinds of pain – great, mild, but full, sharp, etc.: Bol, <...> skaudiemas16, swembimas ~ pain, swelling S. Dauk i 94, cf. 10th ed., Vol. ból, mas,gėlimas S. Dauk i 94, plg. 10th ed., Vol. pain, lit. liet. skaudėjimas,skausmas; Bołaczka, skaudieimas, gielimas ~ skaudėjiskaudulys, ulcer; 1994. pp. 14. "Bolenie, gielimas, skaudieimas ~ gėlėjimas, skausmas S. Dauk i 94, plg. SJP 1 187(35): bolenie, ia, n. “continuous, continuous pain”; Pain, -ści. f. <...>, žaudièjimas, <...>, gièlimas ~ žaudinimas, gėlimas i 20, cf. 10th ed., Vol. pain, lit. sopulys; Doleganie, swębimas, skaudieimas ~ swelling, pain S. Dauk i 145, plg. SJP 1 476(72): doleganie “intolerable pain”; 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289. 44; Deut. nodules, lit. gumbuotumas. According to the LKŽ data, the word „skaudėjimas“ is used throughout the region, the word „vėmbimas“ was recorded in Kvėdarna (Šilalės r.), Salantų (Kretingos r.), „gėlimas“ – in ėriškiai (Panevėžio r.), Papilė (Akmenės r.), Kuktiškės (Utena r.), Pociūnėliai (Radviliškio r.). Skauduliavimas is a derivative of Antanas Lalis’ Lithuanian-English Dictionary (1915), but skauduliuoti “to be covered with pains” is from the living language. Some names with the meaning "loss of consciousness, fainting": Mdlenie, failing ~ failing S. Dauk i 361, plg. 84; Deut. fainting, vomiting. Fainting 192, pp. 192. "S. Dauk ii 192, plg. 551–558 (1st ed.). faint, vok. faint, lose consciousness, rus. обмереть. LKŽe appimas inserted as Fr. In the Kuršaitis Lithuanian-German Dictionary (1883), J. Šlapelis Lithuanian-Russian Dictionary (1921) and L. Ivinskis writings, the word, alpuliavimas is not recorded, but the verb alpuliuoti is a word of the living language. A separate group consists of Vedic words naming various digestive-related ailments: Blucie, wiemimas ~ vomiting S. Dauk i 91, plg. SJP 1 128(27): left. blucie, vok. vomiting, vomiting, rus. блеванiе; 1989. pp. 11. "S. Dauk i 91, plg. SJP 1 128(27): left. Shit, vok. vomiting, vomiting, rus. блеванiе; Diariya, -rij. f. Widŭriāwimas, <...> ~ diarrhea i 59; Laksowanie, trijdimas ~ trial S. Dauk i 326, cf. SJP 2 586(73): laksowanie "medial release, 16 Word corrected. It was probably meant to be skaudieimas S. Dauk i 95. 176 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Simono Daukanto and Lauryno Ivinskio Polish-Lithuanian        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba diarrhea, tryda“; 1982. pp. 32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z. 205–206 (2001): pp. 26. rzygać ob. rzygnąć "ruggishness, reluctance", Russian. рыг нуть, рыгать, рветь, рвать, вырвать, but plg. 219; Deut. vomiting; Rzygnienie, ciauciojimas, vėmimas ~ šūkčiojimas, vėmimas S. Dauk iii 83; Womitowanie, wiemimas ~ vėmimas S. Dauk iii 258, plg. 282. ^ "Lennon". 878, 905: lenk. What do you mean by psn? vomit, lit. vemti. The LKŽ presents sentences of vomiting usage from Grūžiai (Pasvalio r.), Girdiškės (Šilalės r.), Varniai (Telšių r.), Raudėnai (Šiaulių r.), Varėna, Smilgiai (Panevėžio r.), Kupreliškis (Biržai r.), Salamiestis (Kupiškio r.), diarrhea – from Kražiai (Kelmės r.), Rozalimo (Pakruojo r.), Armoniškiai (Varanavo r., Grodno region, Belarus), Seda (Mažeikių r.), Pivašiūnai (Alytus r.), Varėna, Druskininkai. The word triedimas is illustrated with a sentence from Vytautas Vitkauskas’s Northeastern mudworkers’ dialects dictionary (Vilnius, 1976), while raugėjimas is written from Kuršėnai (Šiaulių r.) and Vabalninkas (Biržai r.). There are no phrases in the Vedic usage of žokčiojimas, but the verb žokčioti "nauseating with the sound tęsytis" is used throughout the region. There are many derivatives for respiratory disorders: Dyszenie, -nia. n. breathing, <...> ~ breathing, gasping i 61, cf. 1587–1588) (d. Breathe, vok. athmen, Athmen hohlen, rus. дышать, LLKŽLal 28: left. 108: dyszeć, lit. breathe, breathe, LLKŽVaitk 108: pol. dyszeć, lit. 1) breathe, breathe out; Kaszlanie, kosuejimas ~ kosukimas S. Dauk i 272 / Kaszlanie. 106, pp. 106. 331–332 (2nd ed.). cough, ia, n., vok. the cough; Kichanie,cziaudieimas~čiaudėjimas S. Dauk i 276, plg. 57; Deut. kichanie, lit. sneezing; 276, pp. 276. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z. 184: 184. pp. 184. nicnięcie, lit. sneezing. Data in the LKŽ shows that spoken vedics are from living language: there are no illustrative usage sentences of the verb dūsauti „kvėpuoti (ppr. sunkiai)“, but such sentences of the verb dūsauti „kvėpuoti (ppr. sunkiai)“ have been recorded from Alovė (Alytus r.), Kuršėnai (Šiaulių r.), Azierkai (Grodno r. and region, Belarus), sigh „heavy breathing“ is recorded in Šatės (Skuodos r.), coughing – Debeikiai (Anykščių r.), Smilgiai (Panevėžio r.), sneezing – Daukšiai (Marijampolės r.). and a few more individual names of concepts belonging to the semantic group of actions, events, processes and states: Babienie -a. n. <...>, ǵim dini mas -a, w. ~ giving birth i 8, cf. SJP 1 39(15): Left. babić, Russian: бабни чаць; The Art of Babing, vok. die Hebammenkunſt 177Terminologija | 2015 | 22 Nauka babienia; Disease, -y. f. <...>. 447 pp. (in Polish) "Sierżant" (in Polish). i 29, plg. LLKŽLal 14: lenk. choroba, liet. liga; Poceniesię,prakajtawimas~ prakaitavimas S. Dauk ii 255, plg. SJP 4 193(25): poceniesię ob.17 pocić sierżant.pl.. sweating, lit. prakaitavimas; 39, pg. 2017. pp. 207. ropienie, lit. ziewanie,żiowawimas~žiovavimas S. Dauk ii 343, plg. LLKŽVaitk 524: lenk. poziewanie, liet. žiovavimas; Ropienie,pulojimas~pūliojimas S. Dauk putrefaction. In the LKŽ the sentences of the word sirgimas are presented from Veiviržėnai (Klaipėda region), Laukžemis (Kretinga region), Kaltanėnai (Švenčionys region), Žarėnai (Telšiai region), Vainuto (Šilutės region), Ramygala (Panevėžys region), prakaitavimas – from Pociūnėliai (Radviliškis region), žiovavimas – from Kuršėnai (Šiauliai region), Daukšiai (Marijampolės region). Although the word is not used in the English language, it is commonly known as "snowflake" or "snowflake". It is not found in the dictionary, so it could be a remake of L. Iwanski. from prepositional primary or derivative (adverbial) verbs ishii 219, cf. 635–636 (80–81): ozdrowieć "sustiprėti po ligos", LLKŽVaitk 402: vestų priesagos -imas vedinių žymiai mažiau. Minėtini S. Daukanto žodyne su gijimu susiję pavadinimai: Ozdrowienie,pagijimas~pagijimas S. Dauk połk. ozdrowienie, lit. healing, recovery; Wyzdrawienie,iszgijimas~išgijimas S. Dauk iii 302, plg. 555–556; 557–558; 559–560; 561–562; 563–564; 565–566; 567–568; 569–570; 571–572; 573–574; 575–576; 577–578; 579–580; 581–582; 583–584; 585–586; 587–588; 589–590; 591–592; 593–594. wyzdrowienie, lit. recovery, healing, which are known from the living language – the illustrative usage sentence of the word pagijimas is recorded in Naujamiestis (Panevėžio r.), and two usage sentences of healing are recorded from Šačiai (Skuodo r.), Skirsnemunė (Jurbarko r.). L. Iwanski introduced the word Bezbolność, -ci, meaning "painlessness". f. <...>. painlessness, -ma. w. ~ painlessness i 12, cf. SJP 1 75(21): painlessness, ści, ę. “painlessness”. Pain is a well-known word in the living language (LKŽe). The following is a list of names meaning "loss of consciousness, fainting": Omdlenie, apalpimas ~ fainting S. Dauk ii 192, plg. 128; Deut. fainting; 192, pp. 192. "S. Dauk ii 192, plg. 551–558 (1st ed.). melt, rus. melt, vok. melt. faint, pass out; Pomdlenie,nualpimas~nualpimas S. Dauk ii 298, plg. 483. ^ "Length". pomdleć, lit. 1) to faint; to weaken; 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328, pp. 328. SJP 6(ii) 17 Obach, look. 178 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Simono Daukanto and Lauryno Ivinskio Polish-Lithuanian Dictionary        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba 816(102): zamdlić „alpti“; Zemdlenie,nualpimas~nualpimas S. Dauk iii 356, pg. SJP 6(ii) 816(102): zemdlenie "helplessness, weakness, disability; 1973: "Sweet Dreams". faintness, lit. fainting. In the LKŽ, fainting is presented from the writings of Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, and fainting is from Kupiškis. Another group of Vedic words are names related to vision and its disorders: Oslepienie, apjakimas, apjakinimas ~ apjakimas, apjakinimas S. Dauk ii 207, cf. 152: 2nd ed. oślepienie, lit. blindness, blindness; Oslepnienie, apjaukums ~ apjaukums S. Dauk ii 207; Zaslepienie, apjaukums ~ apjaukums S. Dauk iii 341, plg. 313. ^ "Leonardo". zaślepienie, lit. blindness, blindness. In the LKŽ, the usage sentence of "blindness" is given from Pilviškiai (Vilkaviškio r.). Meanwhile, the derivative apjakinimas „apakinimas“ is presented as a word of K. Sirvydas’s dictionary and P. Ruigi’s Lithuanian–German and German–Lithuanian language dictionary (1747), but the verb apjakti „apakti“ is a word of the living language – the LKŽ usage sentences are written from Liškiava (Varėna r.), Krosna (Lazdijai r.), Kuktiškiai (Utena r.), Skirsnemunė (Jurbarkas r.), Salantai (Kretinga r.). “Heat generation; S. Daukantas named the concept of “fever” in two words: Zapalanie, zapalenie, uzkurimas, użdegimas ~ zakūrimas, uždegimas S. Dauk iii 332, plg. 309; Deut. zapalenie, lit. inflammation. In LKŽ word užkūrimas with medical meaning is not recorded: užkūrimas → 1 start 1. "to ignite, to light a fire", but 1 to ignite 5. “to be subjected to sickness, heat; „uždegti“: and the head burned (the heat covered) Lp. | refl. : That the eyes were inflamed, that it began to hurt P.Aviž(Prnv). The blade is slender, with a prominent P-shaped edge. Secondary iritis develops from other eye diseases P.Aviž. When the head is burned with heat, even Ds. 1 ignition 2. → light 6. “to produce heat; get a fever": Joint inflammation DG. Ans died of pneumonia Vvr. The disease is common in rural areas. Inflammation of the leg does not go away Vlkv. Thus, the illustrative usage sentences show that both words are from the living language. A few names of disorders associated with infectious (1), surgical (2), nervous (3) and throat (4) diseases: (1) Influenza. Pŕipùlimas nuogkō ~ pripuolimas i 99, plg. 48; Deut. influenza, lit. (med.) andmead; 213, pp. 213. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z. SJP 3 617(78): Left. Go crazy, vok. närriſ werden, verrücht werden, raſen, rus. одурѣть, ряхнуться, LLKŽLal 134: left. oszaleć, lit. patrakti, pasiusti, LLKŽVaitk 398: Polish. oszaleć, lit. get mad, get out of mind; get mad; Jealousy, passion ~ pasiutimas S. Dauk iii 185Terminologija | 2015 | 22 - Or. One name of a suffix -yba of a characteristic, the base word of which is the simple qualitative adjective gyvas, was found in S. Daukanto dictionary: Ƶycie,gywyba,<...>~gyvyba S. Dauk iii 380, plg. LLKŽLal 330: lenk. życie, liet.gyvata,gyvastis, LLKŽVaitk 1008: lenk. życie, liet. 1) gyvybė. Tai žodis, known from the living language – most of the usage sentences are from Žemaitija (Salantai (Kretingos r.), Mosėdis (Skuodo r.), Šatės (Skuodo r.)). -ysta. S. Daukanto žodyne fiksuotas priesagos -ysta vedinys Felczerstwo, kraulejdysta~krauleidysta S. Dauk i 188. Jis, kaip ir aptartasis krauleidyst, probably created by S. Daukanto. The difference is that the derivative of this adverb has a different meaning – “paramedic craft”. As G. Subačius writes in his study, “it is not clear how S. Daukantas distinguished the suffixes -ysta and -ystė (cf. krauleidysta and krauleidystė); perhaps he felt somewhat the distinctiveness of the less productive -ysta” (Subačius 1993: 178–179). 1.1.4. CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTORS AND ACTIVITIES NAME OF HOLDERS These are nouns made from verbs, which denote the performer of the action or the experiencer of the state (usually a living being, usually a person), but can also denote any other being, object or other thing (see DLKG 2006: 104; Ambrazas 1993: 112). It is one of the oldest categories of action (see Ambrazas, ibid.). - Come on, come on. Three names of possessors of verb properties made with suffixes -ėjas, -ėja are found in the dictionaries of S. Daukantas and L. Ivinskis; It is only noteworthy that L. Ivinskis, unlike S. Daukantas, provided the feminine ending in addition to the masculine derivative: Cirulik, ka. m. <...>. Sku tièjas, -a. w. ~ skutėjas, skutėja i 36, cf. 17th ed., Vol. Cyrulnik, lit. barzdaskutys, SJP 1 342(57): polk. Cyrulik, a, m. "physician of external diseases, wounds, etc.", dt. der Wundarʒt, der Chirurgus, Chirurg, rus. цырюльникъ, хирургъ, лѣкаръ, рудометъ. In the English language, "barbershop" means "barbershop". der Barbier, žr. LKŽe: skutėjas, -a "barzdaskutys"; Lekarz,wajstiejas.<...>~vaistėjas S. Dauk i 332, plg. 1460–1480) and 1480–1482 (r. "Lekarz, a, m., który leczy" (in German). der Arʒt, rus. physician, healer, LLKŽLal 75: lenk. lekarz, liet. gydytojas, LLKŽVaitk 231: lenk. lekarz, lit. doctor. The word "barbershop" is derived from the word barber. Kuršaitis Lithuanian-German Dictionary (1883), M. Niedermann, A. Senno, F. Brenderio and A. Salis Lithuanian Written Language Dictionary (1932–1968), and two usage notes. 186 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Polish-Lithuanian sentences by Simon Daukantas and        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba Laurynas Ivinskis – from L. Ivinskis’ writings and Proverbs and proverbs (Vilnius, 1958). The pharmacist "doctor" is included in the LKŽ from S. Daukanto writings and the newspaper Tėvynės sargas (Tilžė, 1901). Vedinį skutėjas reikėtų plačiau paaiškinti. Tiek leksine, tiek darybine reikšme this word is not related to medicine. Thus, in order to justify its inclusion in the medical vocabulary, it is necessary to rely on the facts of Lithuanian medical history. The first permanently living doctors – doctors of medicine – appeared only at the end of the 15th century. In addition, they were only internal medicine doctors, because surgery was not taught in universities at that time, they did not know it and did not practice it. In this way, all external diseases remained outside the scope of the activities of medical doctors. The most successful among the unqualified practitioners were barber-shavers20, who eventually chose surgery as their specialty. They are mentioned in historical sources since the beginning of the 15th century. In Lithuania there were shaver workshops (in Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipėda). The medical activities of the razor-shavers were very extensive. They made cups, enemas, prepared baths, massaged the sick, drained blood, cut and shaved people, bandaged and treated wounds, ulcers, opened abscesses, treated dislocations, bone fractures, as well as amputed limbs, pulled teeth, treated venereal diseases, participated in courts as medical experts. The majority of their work was done in their workshops, so-called oficinas, but they did not avoid work in the streets, squares and marketplaces. The barber’s house was marked by the barber’s cemetery emblem – a copper plate hung on a long rod above the door of the house. Activity of the shaver workshop XVi–XViii c. in the city life was very important. They were the only ones who could help in case of injury or illness (see Lelis 1960: 118–124; Jasaitis 1974: 64–71; Bagdonavičius 1988: 33–37; Sasnauskas 2000: 39). - That's it. This is the name given to the persons involved. These are just the names of the characters. In the dictionaries, almost all derivatives of the oral pronoun are the names of medical specialists (Latin medicus): Doktór, -a. m. Gʼìditojas, -ja. w. <...> ~ gydytojas, gydytoja i 48; Doktor, gydytojas. <...> ~ gydytojas S. Dauk i 145, plg. 22nd ed., Vol. doctor, lit. daktaras; gydytojas, LLKŽVaitk 91: polk. doktor, lit. 2) spoken doctor, physician; Doctor, doctor ~ doctor S. Dauk i 145; Doctor, doctor ~ doctor S. Dauk i 332, cf. 75; Deut. lekarka, liet. gydytoja, LLKŽVaitk 231: lenk. 20 In articles of Lithuanian medical history researchers, in addition to the term barzdaskučių, the terms cirulnikai,cirulnykai,bolberiai,barberiai,chirurgai-cir(i)ulnykai,pirtininkai-cir(i)ulnykai,barzdaskučiaichirurgai, kraujalaidžiai. 187Terminology | 2015 | 22 lekarka, lit. 1) doctor; Doctor, <...>, gydytojas ~ gydytojas S. Dauk i 332, plg. 1460–1480) and 1480–1482 (r. "Lekarz, a, m., który leczy" (in German). der Arʒt, rus. physician, healer, LLKŽLal 75: lenk. lekarz, liet. gydytojas, LLKŽVaitk 231: lenk. lekarz, lit. doctor; Doctor of Medicine, Ph.D., 1921, 1922. 635–638 (1980 ed.). "A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U". der Geſendmacher, LLKŽVaitk 402: left. ozdrowić, lit. cure. The LKŽ presents one usage sentence of the word gydytojas from ėriškiai (Panevėžio r.), while the usage sentences of the word vaistininkas from the living language are not presented, only from old and later written sources. - She's. This suffix is identified in the DLKG as the inactive suffix of the spoken Vedic group (DLKG 2006: 111). In the dictionaries, one name of the possessor of the verb property derived from the original verb gerti with the suffix -klė is found: Czeluść, -ści. f. Gèrkliē, iēs. 38, pp. 38. 18th ed., Vol. czeluść, lit. žandikaulis; nasrai, LLKŽVaitk 73: lenk. czeluść, lit. 2) prk. mouths, mouths; Throat. Gérkliē ~ gerklė i 76, pg. 37; Deut. gardło, liet. gerklė, LLKŽVaitk 132: lenk.gardło, liet. 1) gerklė, ryklė; gerklos; 311, pp. 311. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z. 68; Deut. krtań, liet. stemplė,gerklė, LLKŽVaitk 216: lenk. krtań, lit. anat. gerklos, žr. LKŽe: throat 1. „priekinė kaklo dalis (pharynx, larynx, trachea)“ (aukštaitiškas and žemaitinis word). -ulys / -ulis, -ulė: The names of the possessors of this verb attribute of the suffix more often denote animals, plants or other objects, while the derivatives denoting persons are somewhat rarer (DLKG 2006: 108). In the dictionaries examined, one person’s name was found with both suffixes, only in L. Ivinski’s one person’s name was given with the feminine ending: Osesek, osysek, žindulys. 205, pp. 205. 132: 132. "Leonardo". 393: osisek, lit. nursing baby, LLKŽVaitk 393: polk. osesek, lit. 1) suckling; Body, -a. n. <...>, nuòmirūlis, -lia. w. lé, -les. <...> ~ dead man, dead woman I 32 „numirėlis, -ė“, cf. 288–289 (1947), pp. 1. carcass, carcass without soul, dead, dead corpse, wounded. the body, the corpse, the corpse, rus. мертвецъ. The basic word of the derivative of S. Daukanto dictionary is the non-prepositional invalid verb žiėti, and the derivative of L. Ivinskio dictionary is the prepositional invalid verb mirti. In the LKŽ, the usage sentence of „sucking child“ of žindulis is recorded in Ratnyčia (Varėnos r.), and the usage sentences of „numirėlis“ of nuomirėlis are presented from the writings of L. Ivinskis and the dictionary of A. Juška. In terms of semantics, vedic belongs to the group of names of persons related to medicine. 188 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Simono Daukanto and Lauryno Ivinskio Polish-Lithuanian dictionary        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba - Shadow, - Shadow. “This very prominent pronoun of the possessors of the nimų priesaga, savo darumu žymiai pralenkianti visas kitas šios rūšies vedinių priesagas.“ Šios priesagos pavadinimai paprastai žymi asmenis ir verb feature has a derogatory meaning (DLKŽ 2006: 105). In the dictionaries examined, the two vedic derivatives derived with the speech suffix do not have the above mentioned meaning. The name of the species is derived from the Latin word for "snake": Scytodes, a species of the genus Scytodes, 272 species. It is made from the prepositional primary imperfect verb to die. It is known from the living language, but in the LKŽ this word is not recorded in the colloquial meaning. The derivative with the suffix -ėlė in L. Ivinskio dictionary is worth discussing separately: Chyragra, -gry. f. <...>. Grīźieliē, -es. 31) and "The 31" (ep. Chiragra, lit. chirarga, hand gout), plg. SJP 1 282(46), 240(41): chyIn terms of ragra ob. chiragra, y, ., „rankų laužymas“. Vediniai su šia priesaga sudaro lyg ir atskirą darybos tipą. Jie turi vien moteriškosios giminės formas. action, the -ėlė vedic differs from the -ėlis vedic in that it relies on non-prepositional verbs (DLKG 2006: 105– 106). The name is a synonym for the disease, which is caused by a bacterial infection. In the LKŽ the word grižėlė is presented as the word of written sources (the manuscript of Dionyzas Poška, an author who lived in 1821-1880). -tin. Ambrazas 1993: 128), found also in S. Daukanto dictionary: Smierc, giltine, <...> ~ giltinė S. Dauk iii 123, plg. 230 pp. :illustrations. śmierć, liet. mirtis, LLKŽVaitk 779: Polish death, lit. mirtis. The LKŽ presents sentences from Merkinė (Varėnos r.), Baisogala (Radviliškio r.), Keturvalakiai (Vilkaviškio r.), Kvėdarna (Šilalės r.), Sasnava (Marijampolės r.), Šimoniai (Kupiškio r.). One of the names of the possessor of the verb property derived from the final verb gydyti with the suffix -tinė, denoting the science of therapy, is worth mentioning: 2 Doktorstwo, -an. 1948. pp. 48. "About Us" (PDF). 22nd ed., Vol. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), 1991. doktorstwo, lit. 2) senior doctor's duties. This derivative is not recorded in the LKŽ, so it could be a re-creation of L. Iwanski. -Uvis. In terms of diachronic word formation, the derivative of the suffix -uvis is the tongue (Latin: lingua), formed from the ordinary verb liežti: Język.Lieżŭwis~liežuvis i 97, plg. LLKŽLal 53: lenk. język, liet. liežuvis, LLKŽVaitk 170: lenk. język, liet. 1) liežuvis. Šis žodis vartojamas visoje Lietuvoje. 189Terminologija | 2015 | 22 1.1.5. NOME OF THE HOLDER OF THE PROPERTY RIGHTS These are nouns composed of adjectives or nouns with various suffixes, which denote a person, living being or object according to some characteristic feature (DLKG 2006: 113, see more Ambrazas 2000: 113). According to Saulius Ambraz, this is the most abundant category of substantive nouns in Lithuanian language (Ambrazas 2000: 113). -inis, -inė. In Lithuanian, adjectives with this suffix often acquire the meaning of the possessor of the attribute when they become nouns. This type of work has been recorded as early as in the XVi–XVii century writings (Ambrazas 2000: 145). The above-mentioned conjugated -ic derivative of the masculine suffix in S. Daukanto dictionary: Lasota, kruminis ~ krūminis S. Dauk i 329 (?) „krūminis dantis“ (MedŽ lat. molaris, lit. krūminis (dantis)). The dictionary also contains the derivative of the feminine suffix -inė Piers, <...>, krutine ~ krūtinė S. Dauk ii 240 (see Skardžius 1996: 264), which has been widespread since the beginning of the writing (Ambrazas 2000: 145), cf. SJP 4 105(14): a) latiori sensu pierś, piersi "part of the body between the neck, sides and abdomen", LLKŽLal 143: pol. 429. ^ "The 429". pierś, lit. 1) chest. In semantic terms, both words belong to the group of names of organs (digestive and respiratory). The name "pectus" is also the name of the breast subgroup of the semantic group of body parts waist. Like the aforementioned names of the anatomy concepts throat, tongue, the latter two Vedic are also words of the living language. The LKŽ presents one sentence of the word krūminis usage from Sudeikiai (Utena r.), while the sentences of the usage in the anatomical meaning of the chest are not recorded (mostly from Lithuanian fictional literature), but the abbreviations are from Žemaičių šnektų: Salantai (Kretinga r.), Mosėdis (Skuodo r.), Alsėdžiai (Plungė r.), Upyna (Šilalės r.). - They. In the dictionary of S. Daukanto one derivative of the suffix -lė is found – the name of a very dangerous acute infectious disease (Latin variola Me ii 213), characterized by fever, poisoning of the body and rash: Ospa, rauples ~ rauplės S. Dauk ii 209 „raupai“, cf. 133. ^ "Lennon". ospa, liet. rauplės, LLKŽVaitk 395: lenk. pospa, lit. 1) smallpox, smallpox; 1 Pierzchnice, rauples ~ rauples S. Dauk ii 241, plg. 133. ^ "Lennon". Pox, lit. smallpox. Pranas Skardžius has noted that with the suffix -lė are firstly formed nouns of active meaning, one another noun of this suffix denotes living beings, but mostly the suffix -lė is Vedic (Skardžius 1996: 169). The verbal adverbs in the Vedic company he presented yra konkrečios reikšmės – reiškia įvykio ar veiksmo rezultatą, įrankį ir kt. 190 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Simonas Daukantas and Laurynas Ivinskis        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba Polish-Lithuanian and derivative leprosy. This disease is called so in the living language – in the LKŽ most of the examples are used from Žemaitija: Užventis (Šilutės r.), Papilės (Akmenės r.), Nemakščių (Raseinių r.), Upynos (Šilalės r.), Gegrėnų (Plungės r.), eržvilko (Jurbarko r.), Kuršėnų (Šiaulių r.), (Kelmės r.), Vainuto one from Aukštaitija – Šunskai (Marijampolės r.). - Lis. The word of the living language – the name of the upper part of the finger on the right joint, krumplis (MedŽ lat. condylus, lit. krumplys (bone protrusion at the back of the bone)), which is found in S. Daukanto dictionary: Kolano, krumplis. <...> ~ krumplis S., could be interpreted in two ways. 288, pp. 288. 61; Deut. 192: collar, lit. kelys, LLKŽVaitk 192: lenk. kolano, lit. 1) knees. Synchronically, it would be the ordinary word, but Pr. It has a distinct -lis suffix. So what is the basic word of this Veda? There could be both the noun krumpis „dantelis, iškarpa“ (in which case this derivative would belong to the category of possessors of the noun property), and the verb krumpėti „kirpti iškarpas, dantelius“ (in which case this derivative would belong to the category of the result of the action) (see Skardžius 1996: 168). In the article it is considered a derivative derived from the noun. In the LKŽ, the sentences of the usage of the word krumplys “the upper part of the second joint of the finger” are mostly written from Aukštaitija: Daukšiai (Marijampolės r.), Užpaliai (Utena r.), Pociūnėliai (Radviliškio r.), Kaniava (Varėnos r.), Liškiavos (Varėnos r.), Smilgiai (Panevėžio r.), Pušaloto (Pasvalio r.), Molėtai and one of Žemaitijos – Barstyčiai (Skuodos r.). - He's. One name of the possessor of the attribute (patient, Latin patiens) is made with this suffix from the noun disease: Pacyent, pacients ~ pacients S. Dauk ii 221, cf. LLKŽLal 136: lenk. patient, lt. hospital. The word has been widely used since the 15th century (Ambrazas 2000: 164), known from the living language – usage sentences from Aukštaitija: ėriškiai (Panevėžio r.), Taujėnai (Ukmergės r.), Rokiškis, Vištytis (Vilkaviškio r.). - Auntie. The common name of the owners of the feature is the joint of the hand bones through the middle of the hand (Latin: cubitus): Łokietek, ałkune. <...>. Łokietki, łokcie, łkunes ~ elbow, elbows S. Dauk i 341 (see Ambrazas 2000: 159), pg. 78; Deut. 246. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z. łokieć, lit. 1) elbow. This derivative is the object of diachronic word formation, because when viewed synchronically it is not constructively decomposable (Urbutis 2009: 42). The meaning of the name of the spoken part of the body "joint of the hand bones through the middle of the arm" is recorded in the usage sentences from Panevėžys, Grūžiai (Pasvalio r.), Skaudvilis (Tauragės r.), Pušaloto (Pasvalio r.). 191Terminologija | 2015 | 22 -ungis. istorinės žodžių darybos tyrinėtojas S. Ambrazas kalbamajai darybos kategorijai priskyrė ypatybės turėtojo pavadinimą Kaduk.Mieszłùn gis. <...> ~ mėšlungis i 101 (MedŽ lat. spasmus, lit. spasmas, mėšlungis), cf. SJP 2 287(40): Left. 2, pp. 122 "A.D. 2000". the severe illness, the falling addiction, morbus caducus, LLKŽLal 53: left. epilepsy, opinion, although, on the other hand, kaduk, liet. (med.) nuomaras, LLKŽVaitk 172: lenk. kaduk, liet. 3) sen. it was described as a derivative of unclear action (Ambrazas 2000: 149). The LKŽ presents illustrative usage sentences with the word mėšlungis from Luokė (Telšių r.), Švėkšnos (Šilutės r.). This word, meaning "convulsion, spasm, convulsion", is known in Skirsnemunė (Jurbarkas r.), Vilkaviškis, Endriejava (Klaipėda r.). 1.1.6. This category of verbs includes verb nouns with adjectives, which denote the result and object of the action (see the example above). DLKG 2006: 125; Ambrazas 1993: 86). - Down. According to S. Ambrazo, this adjective suffix is one of the most important means of producing the results of the action. A number of such derivatives are already found in 15th–17th century writings, especially in the dictionaries of K. Sirvydas and Lexicon Lithuanicum (Ambrazas 1993: 99). Thus, here is mentioned the derivative of the suffix -alas presented in S. Daukanto dictionary – the name of a light yellowish, sometimes orange, ammonia-smelling liquid that is secreted by the kidneys (Latin urina Me ii 330): Mocz, myźałaj ~ myzalai S. Dauk i 375, cf. 89; Deut. Mocz, lit. urina, myžalai, LLKŽVaitk 276: polk. mocz, lit. urine. He is represented by the vulture. In substantive terms, it belongs to the semantic group of names of organs and fluids and the semantic subgroup of urinary organs and fluids – the name of the fluid excreted from the body by the kidneys, urine. There is only one illustrative sentence with this word from Pociūnėliai (Radviliškio r.). -Slas. The name of the result of the action made with an adjective suffix is found in the dictionary of L. Iwanski. This is the emptying name of the excreted contents of the rectum (Latin: faeces Me i 366): Chyl, chil. u. m. Mièszłas, -la. w. Atłajkaj widuriunse nuog wālgiŭ ~ manure. Atlaikai vidurus nuog valgių i 31 (see Ambrazas 1993: 98), but cf. 281–282 (1947), pp. 1. 1 chyl, chil, u, m., Medic. "Sweet Potatoes in the Stomach" (PDF). the milk juice from the consumed foods, žr. MedŽ lat. chylus, lit. chilas, lactic juice (intestinal lymph during food resorption). It means "feces" and belongs to 192 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė for the semantic subset of Polish-Lithuanian digestive        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba organs and secretions by Simon Daukantas and Laurynas Ivinskis. As can be seen from the given example, this word has been further explained by L. Ivinski. In the LKŽ sentences of the usage of manure “feces” are recorded from Linkuva (Pakruojo r.), Liškiava (Varėna r.), eržvilkas (Jurbarkas r.), Rimše (Ignalina r.), Gudžiūnai (Kėdainiai r.), Šilalė, Salakas (Zarasai r.), Seda (Mažeikių r.), Gudeliai (Marijampolės r.). 1.1.7. Names of places These are nouns that are made from nouns, verbs or adjectives and denote a place according to the objects in it, the action performed in it or any characteristic of it. The marking place can be both open and closed. The dialectal names form a medium-sized category of works (DLKG 2006: 133). verb nouns made from verbs S. Ambrazas called names of places of action (Ambrazas 1993: 208). One such name is found in L. Iwanski's dictionary. - A shower. The derivative of this suffix denotes an institution specially intended for the purpose of performing the action described by the basic adverb guarding („prižiūrėti ligotą, slaugyti“): Infirmacija. Sàrǵintŭwé. <...> ~ sargintuvė i 99, cf. SJP 2 206(29): left. infirmarya ob. "The Sick Room in the Monastery". das Krankenʒimmer in den Klöſtern, rus. больница, врачебница, LLKŽVaitk 158: left. infirmeria, lit. psn. isolator, medical station (in a prison, monastery, pension, etc.). S. Ambrazas has found that most of the names of places of action with the suffix -tuvė are in K. Sirvydo dictionary (Ambrazas 1993: 208). In the LKŽ data, this word could be L. Iwanski's reworking: sargintuvė see sargintinė "gydykla": Now there is soldiers' sargintuvė (špitalė) iM1861,36. 1.1.8. This category of verbs includes nouns that are used to name a person according to his or her profession (DLKG 2006: 137). Find the derivatives of two suffixes, “to make from the base nouns, denoting either the business and work of the person, or, more often, the object, product, tool, place or any other thing characteristic of that business and work” (DLKG 2006: 137). According to S. Ambrazo, from a historical point of view, it is appropriate to consider the names of persons by profession and the names of the holders of the noun feature as derivatives of one category, i.e. the holders of the noun feature, and to discuss them together. However, synchronous word formation works are distinguished by peculiarities 193Terminology | 2015 | 22 There are semantic groups of Vedic words very close to the names of the owners of beas, one of them being the names of persons according to their profession (Ambrazas 2000: 113). In this straipsnyje remiamasi sinchroniniuose darbuose pateiktu kalbamųjų vedinių skirstymu. -ynik / -nik. These are two variants of the same prefix. It is the last of these ypatybės turėtojų pavadinimų priesaga. Su ja tiek dabartinėje, tiek ir senojoje lietuvių kalboje dažniausiai daromi vediniai, žymintys profesiją. Daugiauderivatives to be recorded in the dictionary of K. Sirvydas (Ambrazas 2000: 118). Two names with the suffix -ynykas from the nouns dantis and, most likely, vaistis "medicine" are names of persons with noun property found in S. Daukanto dictionary: Dentysta, dąntinykas, <...> ~ dantinykas S. Dauk i 136 "who cures teeth", cf. 20th Century Fox. pp. 20. dentysta, liet. dantininkas,dantistas,dantųgydytojas, LLKŽVaitk 82: lenk. dentysta, lit. dentist, see LKŽe: Dentist 2. ‘dentist’; 333, pp. 333. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z. 1762–1778 (1778) (in German). "A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H" (PDF). der Apotheker, žr. LKŽe: Pharmacist 1. “pharmacy employee, (Panevėžio r.) and turintis farmacijos išsilavinimą, provizorius“, 2. „kas gydo žolėmis, žolininkas“. Žodis vaistinykas užrašytas iš Subačiaus (Kupiškio r.), Karsakiškio Degučių (Zarasų r.). Although the variant dantinykas is not presented in the LKŽ (dantininkas – from the living language), it, like vaistinykas, is a living language word (see Ambrazas 2000: 124–125). In the dictionary of L. Ivinskis to the discussed derivatives of the prefix -inykas in its constructive meaning is added one derivative of the prefix -ininkas Aptekarz -za, m. Wajstyńīnkas –a, <...> ~ farmaceutininkas i 5, plg. 3.Length: ca. aptekarz, liet. vaistininkas,aptiekininkas, LLKŽVaitk 19: lenk. aptekarz, lit. pharmacist. According to LKŽ, the word is known in Jurbarkas, Stakiai (Jurbarkas r.), Kartena (Kretingos r.), Vegeriai (Akmenės r.). According to S. Ambrazo, the suffix -ininkas is now used only in the Žemaičių dialect and in some adjacent, mostly southern, western Highland dialects. Everywhere else, the suffix -inykas is used instead. However, earlier the suffix -inykas had an even wider range – it was also used by the southern Samogitians. The -ininkas suffix spread relatively late in the northern Zemgalių region or at least in part of it. It is believed that due to the influence of ancient writings, the suffix -inykas also prevails in the writings of S. Daukanto. However, the linguist is of the opinion that this suffix could still have survived at the time in S. Daukanto's native northern Samogitian dialect. S. Ambrazas claims that the suffix -ininkas is a variant of the suffix -inykas, probably originated in the Curonian language or another western dialect of the Baltic area (Ambrazas 2000: 124–125). 194 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė SimonoDaukantoirLaurynoIvinskiolenkų–lietuvių        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba According to G. Subačiaus study, in the entire Žemaičių dialektas only the variants -ininkas, -ė are known, but S. Daukantas almost everywhere in his writings, and thus in the great Polish-Lithuanian dictionary, writes -inykas, -ė. According to the researcher, S. Daukantas could have been influenced by facts of other dialects, but nevertheless the greater influence on him must have had the old writings – the works of K. Sirvydas and M. Daukša, in which this suffix was also used. Apparently, S. Daukantas, by using -inykas, -ė, which is not characteristic of his dialect, did not perceive it as a suffix of another dialect, but as a fact (a norm!) of the common written Lithuanian language being created. According to G. Subačius, -ynykas, -ė is the most productive suffix of personal names according to profession in the largest Polish-Lithuanian dictionary (as in the whole Lithuanian language). In creating the derivatives of this suffix, S. Daukantas followed the folk system of construction (Subačius 1993: 165–166). Table 1. The derivatives of adverbs in S. Daukanto and L. Ivinskio dictionaries Thesis category Thesis type S. Daukanto dictionary derivatives (pcs.) derivatives (pcs.) L. Iwanski dictionary Deminuti- (ma žybiniai ves -elis, daik--ėlis – 2 -elė 2 1 nouns) Verbs or -ulis / abstracpava--im- -ulys 11 8 tly -inys 2 -yste –1 -smas –1 as 32 12 verbs – charactbitimai, -ymas 5 – eristics pava--umnouns 1 as 8 – -ata 2 – -or 1 – -ysta 1 – people, or abstrac- -ybė 3 – ts -ystė 1 1 1 -ulys / -ulis, -ė 1 2 names of the owners of properties, names of the owners of The absolute majority of adverb derivatives are action names, or abstracts of Significantly fewer names of persons with noun characteristics, deminutives of deminutives (minor nouns) and names of actors and possessors of verb noun properties, names of the results of actions, names of places and names of verbs. The dominant type of action is the suffix -im. The following are the (minor nouns), names of the result of an action and places and names of persons properties are formed, with the suffix -ystė – names of actions, or abstract -ėlis,-ėlė -tine 1 1 -uvis –1 persons -inykas / -ininkas, -inys, -yba, -ybė, -ymas, -ysta, -ystė, -klė, -lės, -lis, -onis, names of properties, or abstracts of nouns, and the names of actors and by profession. Three types of verbs (-ėlis, -ėlė, -ystė and -ulis, -ulė / -ulys) are verbs, and names of properties, or abstract nouns, and with the suffix -ulis, 1 -slas, -smas, -tinė, -tojas, -toja, -tuvė, -ulis, -ulė / -ulys, -umas, -ūnė, -ungis, -uvis). possessors of verb properties, roughly distributed according to abundance. typical for different categories of verbs. With the suffix -ėlis, -ėlė, the names -ulė / -ulys – names of actions, or abstract verbs, and names of actors and 1 201Terminologija | 2015 | 22 tybių pavadinimai, arba vardažodžių abstraktai, veikėjų ir veiksmažodinės possessors of verb properties. pagal profesiją) priesagų vedinių. Jie sudaryti net su 28 priesagomis ar jų variantais (-alas, -ata, -ėjas,-ėja, -ėlis,-ėlė, -elis,-elė, -imas, -inis,-inė, The derivatives of suffixes in S. Daukanto’s Great Polish–Lithuanian Dictionary far outperform those in L. Ivinski’s Polish–Lithuanian Dictionary for an understandable reason – only the remaining part of the latter’s manuscript dictionary is available – the words of the letters A–R. Prefix derivatives in both dictionary are relatively rare. There are prefix-subordinate names of places. Individual prefixes are unused. There is also a large number of non-commercial shops, although the number of shops is not as high as the number of residents. In both dictionaries, the derivatives of the endings are distributed approximately equally (numbers of derivatives 9 and 7). There are four categories of derivatives: action names or abstracts of verbs, names of actors and possessors of verb properties, names of possessors of noun properties, and names of the result of the action. In terms of semantics, the dictionary derivatives are divided into eight semantic groups. The names of diseases and morbid states prevail. Not small with Semantic groups of actions, events, processes and states, body parts and        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba organs, characteristics and names of persons related to Polish-Lithuanian medicine by Simonas Daukantas and Laurynas Ivinskis. Individual medicine and related fields of science and professions, therapeutic means ir gydymo įstaigų pavadinimai. Most of the derivatives of S. Daukanto and L. Ivinskio Polish-Lithuanian dictionaries have survived in the present common Lithuanian language (51% of all derivatives), some of them have become medical terms (elbow, fainting, sneezing, dryness, throat, treatment, doctor, cough, chest, tongue, feces, occiput, joint, vomiting, diarrhea, yawning, etc.). As the LKŽe data shows, most of the discussed derivatives are words of the living language. Some are familiar throughout the region (sneeze, pain, tryda "diarrhea", yawning, etc.), others are used narrowly (antkrytis "attack of illness, infection, epidemic", apvakimas "blindness", sigh "difficult breathing", mamūlys "nursing child", etc.), third ones, according to the abundance of usage sentences presented in the dictionary, are characteristic of the Highlands (krumplys, sąnarys, etc.) or the Lowlands (gyla "sting, great pain", leprosy "raupai", conjunction "headache, dizziness", etc.). There are also such derivatives that are recorded only in written sources (birth „obstetrics“, pain, medicine „treatment“, ziogulys, etc.), but often their base words (verbs or adjectives) are known in the living language. Individual lexicographer’s new creations (medytinė „the science of healing” i, krauleidysta „the paramedic’s trade” S. Dauk, krauleidystė „the profession of the village surgeon” S. Dauk, sargintuvė „the doctor’s office” i, vaistėjimas „treatment” S. Dauk, vaistininkystė „pharmacist’s business” i, žlibybė „short-sightedness” S. Dauk) have not survived – this is the historical lexicon of Lithuanian medical terminology. MAIN SOURCES i – Laurynas Ivinskis Polish-Lithuanian Dictionary. Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 2010. S. Dauk i–iii – Simon Daukanto raštai. Dictionary of Polish-Lithuanian Languages, Vol. Prepared by [and edited by] G. Subačius, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1993; The Great Polish–Lithuanian Dictionary 2, n–p. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1995; The Great Polish–Lithuanian Dictionary 3, r–ž. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1996. AUXILIARY SOURCES LKŽe – Lithuanian Language Dictionary (i–XX, 1941–2002), electronic version, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 2005. – www.lkz.lt. LLKŽLal – Lenkųirlietuviųkalbosžodynas. Surengė Antanas Lalis, Vilnius: Juozapo Zavadskio spaustuvė, 1912. 203Terminology | 2015 | 22 LLKŽVaitk – Vaitkevičiūtė V. Polish-Lithuanian Dictionary, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1979. Me i, ii – Medicinos enciklopedija 1–2, Vilnius: Valstybinė enciklopedijų leidykla, 1991, 1993. MedŽ – Astrauskas V., Biziulevičius S., Pavilonis S., Vaitilavičius A., Vileišis A. Dictionary of Medical Terms, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1980. SJP 1–6 – Dictionary of the Polish language by M. Samuel Bogumił Linde, Lwów: in the printing house of the Ossolińskis company, 1855. = M. Samuel Bogumił Linde. Dictionary of Polish Language 1–6, Warsaw: 1994–1995. Gutenberg–Print, 2006. Ambrazas S. 1993: The development of noun construction [1]. English-English Dictionary of the English Language, London: Oxford University Press. Ambrazas S. 2000: The development of noun construction 2. Lietuviųkalbosvardažodiniaivediniai, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. Auksoriūtė A. 1998: The terminological legacy of Laurynas Ivinskis. – Lithuanian Linguistics Questions 40, 32–40. Auksoriūtė A. 1999: Terminology of Laurynas Ivinskio dictionary. – Lituanistica 2(38), 22–33. Auksoriūtė A. 20001: Laurynas Ivinskis terminology works [manuscript]. PhD thesis, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 143 p. Auksoriūtė A. 20002: Laurynas Ivinskis terminology works. Abstract of doctoral dissertation, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute. Auksoriūtė A. 2003: Individual names of plants in L. Ivinskio Polish-Žemaičių language dictionary and Prigimtūmenės plant names. – Terminologija 10, 135–142. Auksoriūtė A. 2007: Terms of the Laurynas Ivinskis Quadrilingual Dictionary. – Terminologija 14, 72–91. Bagdonavičius A. 1988: Kauno barzdaskučiai XVi–XViii a. – Sveikatos apsauga 9, 33-37. Budrys M. 1989: Development of medicine in Lithuania in the 15th-20th centuries. – Medicine 1[73], 8–14. DLKG 2006: Grammar of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language, Vilnius: Institute for Publishing of Science and Encyclopedias. Jasaitis D. 1974: Fragments of the History of Medicine in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. – Medicina 2(47), Kažukauskaitė O. 2010: Laurynas Ivinskis Polish–Lithuanian Dictionary. 64–71. – Laurynas Ivinskis Polish–Lithuanian Dictionary, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, iX–XXV. Kruopas J. 1960: L. Ivinskio leksikografiniai darbai. – Lithuanian TSR MA works, A series, 1(8), 191–198. 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Mokslas. 204 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Simono Daukanto and Lauryno Ivinskio Polish-Lithuanian dictionary        kalbųžodynųlietuviškosterminologinėsmedicinos        leksikosvedyba THE DERIVATION OF LITHUANIAN TERMINOLOGICAL LEXIS OF MEDICINE FROM SIMONAS DAUKANTAS’ AND LAURYNAS IVINSKIS’ POLISHLITHUANIAN DICTIONARIES The paper deals with bilingual Polish–Lithuanian dictionaries compiled by the famous figures of Lithuanian science, culture and education from the first half of 19th century S. Daukantas (1793–1864) and L. ivinskis (1810–1881). it focuses on terminological lexis of Lithuanian origin (derivatives) naming various concepts of medicine. Attempts are made to identify ways of word-formation of derivatives and derivational categories, to discuss derivational types of the latter, to establish what groups of medical concepts are named using derivatives, to identify their relation with the living language and the language used in writings, to identify possible neologisms of the authors of dictionaries and to evaluate the survival of derivatives in modern standard Lithuanian and in the terminology of medicine. Both lexicographers are viewed as men of merit in Lithuanian medical terminology. Their input is important not only because of the medical lexis (the majority of which is of Lithuanian origin) included in their dictionaries, but also because of their attempts to find Lithuanian equivalents of Polish words in the living language and to create words for naming medical concepts. 46% of Lithuanian terminological lexis of medicine presented in both dictionaries is derived words - suffix, prefix and ending derivatives. The largest group of derivatives is names of medical concepts created using suffixes found. They are made using 28 suffixes or their variants (-alas, -ata, -ėjas, -ėja, -ėlis, -ėlė, (123 lexical units). 8 word-formation categories (deminutiva, nomina actionis, nomina qualitatis, nomina agentis, nomina attributiva, nomina acti, or nomina resultativa, nomina loci, nomina professionalia, or nomina auctoris) of suffix derivatives were -elis, -elė, -imas, -inis, -inė, -inykas / -ininkas, -inys, -yba, -ybė, -ymas, -ysta, -ystė, -klė, -lės, -lis, -onis, -slas, -smas, -tinė, -tojas, -toja, -tuvė, -ulis, -ulė / -ulys, -umas, -ūnė, -ungis, -uvis). The absolute majority of suffix derivatives are action names. The prevailing formation type is the suffix -imas. Prefix derivatives in both dictionaries are rather rare (9 lexical units). The most common in this group are derivatives with the prefix pawhich name places. The group of ending derivatives is also small (16 lexical units). Derivatives made with the endings -as and -is prevail. They are usually nomina actionis, nomina agentis, nomina attributiva, nomina acti. in respect of meaning, derivatives can be put into 8 semantic groups. Diseases and conditions. Semantic groups of the names of actions, processes and states related to medicine, body parts and organs, characteristics and names of persons are also rather large. Very few cases of words naming fields and professions of medicine or related fields, means of treatment and treatment institutions were found. The majority of derivatives are still used in modern standard Lithuanian (51% of all derivatives), some of them used as terms of medicine (alkūnė (elbow), gerklė (throat), gydymas (treatment), gydytojas (doctor), kosulys (cough), sąnarys (joint), etc.). As can be seen from the electronic Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (LKŽe), the majority of derivatives are words of the living language. Some of them are known in 205Terminologija | 2015 | 22 Some of these words are used in the whole country (skaudėjimas (pain), tryda ‘diarrhea’, žiovulys (yawn), etc.), others have only narrow usage (apjakimas ‘blindness’, dū sė ji mas ‘obstructed breathing’, etc.), or are used in the Highland (krumplys ‘knuckle’, etc.) or in the Lowland (sukinys ‘head turning, dizziness’, etc.). There are derivatives which can be found only in writings (gimdystė ‘akušerija’ (obstetrics), vaistymas ‘gydymas’ (treatment), etc.), but their underlying words (verbs or adjectives) are known in the living language. Personal neologisms of both lexicographers (vaistėjimas ‘treatment’ (treatment) S. Dauk, žlibybė ‘short-sightedness’ (myopia) S. Dauk, krauleidystė ‘village surgeon’ (bloodletting) S. Dauk, krauleidysta ‘medical auxiliary’ (medical auxiliary) S. Dauk, gydytinė ‘science of treatment’ (science of treatment) i, sargintuvė ‘place of healing’ (place of healing) i, vaistinystė ‘pharmacy’ (pharmacy) i) did not become established – they are viewed as historical lexis of Lithuanian terminological lexis of medicine. Retrieved 2015-06-10. Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Institute of Lithuanian Language P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania e. paštas [email protected]