Nuo žodžių iki žodynų: Stasiui Keiniui – 80

259Terminologija | 2016 | 23 From words to dictionaries: Stasys Kainis – 80 years ALVYDAS UMBRASAS Lietuvių kalbos institutas On 20 September 1936 in Viekšniai village of Mažeikiai district in the bars of Stasys Keinys, one of the most famous people of Žemaitija, is an opportunity working language science. The beautiful 80th anniversary of the birth of to look back at the past and enjoy the present. This is an opportunity to commemorate the works of this distinguished linguist and at the same time a good teacher. St. Keinys began his journey in the field of linguistics at Vilnius University (then Vilnius State University). In 1954, after graduating from Viekšniai secondary school, he enrolled to study Lithuanian language and literature. After five years, the studies were successfully completed. His acquaintance with language science and famous linguists who taught at the university determined his further interests. He wrote his diploma thesis on the neologisms of the journal Mokslas ir gyvenimas under the guidance of Vincas Urbutis, a young lecturer who taught word formation at the time and later became the most prominent specialist of Lithuanian word formation. Soon after, St. Keany took the writing of lyrics seriously – in 1963–1966. 260 Alvydas Umbrasas | From words to dictionaries: Stasys Keinas – 80 years of dictionaries 260 Alvydas Umbrasas | From words to dictionaries: Stasys Keinas – 80 years of dictionaries 260 Alvydas Umbrasas | From words to dictionaries: Stasys Keinas – 80 years of dictionaries Immediately after completing his postgraduate studies, he began teaching language subjects at the Kaunas Faculty of Humanities of Vilnius University, where he worked until 1975 (in that year he was awarded the title of associate professor). As he himself has said, those first years of pedagogical work were a good school, helping him to understand many things about language and helping him on the future path of a scientist, after all, in order to explain to others, you first have to find out yourself. A significant change in St. Kane’s scientific path occurred in 1974, when he was invited to work at the Institute of Lithuanian Language and Literature by Jon Kruop, who was responsible for terminology work. More precisely, you can say, returning, because even before the postgraduate studies, immediately after graduating from the university, he already worked in the institute for a short time. Here he takes seriously terminology, terminography and other work. Among other things, he also undertakes organizational work – he works for 15 years as the Vice-Chairman of the Presidium of the Terminology Council at the Academy of Sciences (until the council was abolished at the beginning of independence), and also heads the Department of Contemporary Lithuanian Literary Language at the Institute. (1987–1989), then to the Department of Language Culture and Terminology (1989–1991). He did not neglect his pedagogical activities either – besides Vilnius University, with breaks he later worked at the Šiauliai Pedagogical Institute, Vytautas Magnus University, Vilnius Pedagogical University. He taught spelling, accentology, dialectology, introduction to Baltic philology, word formation, morphology, terminology, language usage and standardization to students of various degrees and specialties at different times, and supervised numerous diploma works. The accumulated experience spread in articles, books, dictionaries. As a kind of summary of his pedagogical activities are the books for students: General Lithuanian Language Wordmaking (1999) published at Šiauliai University and Morphemics of General Lithuanian Language: Theory and Practice (2009) published at Vilnius Pedagogical University. Terminology is the area in which St. Caine's contribution is most visible. Having come to work at the Institute of Lithuanian Language and Literature, he published, based on his dissertation work, significant articles-studies on issues of terminology (in Lithuanian Linguistics Issues and other publications), essentially covering all the most important aspects of terminology, while constantly writing on issues of terminology correctness in various fields, criticizing terminology accuracy and expression defects, proposing new terms, as well as 261Terminology | 2016 | 23 also paid a lot of attention to the history of terminology, its development, examined the merits of various famous personalities in terminology. Many of the most important publications have been compiled in the collections Current Lithuanian Terminology (2005) and Development of Lithuanian Terminology (2012), which total about 950 pages. Another very important book published in 1980 is the Terminology Alphabet – a textbook from which almost all young terminologists learned the basics of terminology. St. Keinys is also the father of the annual Journal of Terminology – he was the reply editor of the first issue of this journal (that issue was called Terminologijos vagos (1994)), he contributed a lot to the emergence of this journal, he published several scientific articles in it. Terminology and terminography always go hand in hand. St. Keinys has contributed to the improvement of the quality of many terminology dictionaries by providing advice and reviews (on behalf of publishers and the State Lithuanian Language Commission), and he is also a co-author of many term dictionaries. The Kalbotyros terminų žodynas (1990), prepared together with Kazimieras Gaivenis, is important for linguistics. It is the first Lithuanian dictionary of this kind, with a fairly large volume (278 pages). Among the dictionaries of linguistic purposes are also the Terminology corrections (1992) prepared together with co-authors (K. Gaivenas, Angele Kaulakiene, Jonas Klimavičius) – the publication contains a dictionary of more than 3000 irregular terms in various fields and their recommended replacements. Among the glossaries, mentionable are the explanatory, translating and at the same time systematic Dictionary of Social Security Terms (1999), the large translating Dictionary of Radioelectronics Terms (2000), the translating explanatory Dictionary of Agricultural Plant Breeding and Seedling Terms (2010), prepared together with co-authors. The activity of railway terminology management stands out – shortly after the restoration of independence for the purpose of terminology management St. Keinys was proposed as a member of the Commission for the Restoration of Independent Lithuanian Railways, which operated in the Ministry of Transport, later became the deputy chairman of the State Commission for Rail Transport Terminology established by this ministry. Since for a long time almost only Russian was used in the railway field, Lithuanian terminology was very lacking, it was not systematized. Together with Nijolė Juškaitė, he compiled the translation of the Russian-Lithuanian and Lithuanian-Russian Railwayman’s Dictionary (1992), which included over 1,700 terms, and later a larger (over 3,800 terms) Russian-Lithuanian Railway Transport Dictionary (1997). With the same co-author and Kazis Sakalauskas he 262 Alvydas Umbrasas | Nuo žodžių iki žodynų: Stasiui Keiniui – 80 pateikti anglų, vokiečių, rusų kalbų atitikmenys. Žodynuose sukurta nemaalso published the Explanatory Dictionary of Railway Transport Terms (2006), which explains about 2000 terms and many new terms, the terminologist also proposed interesting novelties, for example, a ridge, a road, a brake. St. Keinys was actively writing in the newspaper Želžinkelininkas, where he published well over 40 articles on language issues, and he wrote about the language of this field elsewhere, for example, in the newspaper Gimtoji kalba. In 2000, he was awarded the Medal of Honor for his contributions to railway terminology. One of St. Caine's areas of interest is bibliography. In 1981, together with K. Gaivenis, he published a bibliographical index of terminology issues Bibliograфический указатель литературы по вопросам литовской терминологии (1945–1980), later on his initiative a section of annotated bibliography of term dictionaries was started in Terminologija (Terminologija), which continues to this day. Jolanta Gaivenytė-Butler worked on it for a long time, and later Adelė Noreikaitė also contributed. Together with these co-authors, St. Keinys published in 2008 an annotated index of the bibliography from 1900 to 2005. This very useful publication includes a systematic index of the terminology publications published over more than 100 years (501 dictionary), which are registered and briefly described. In addition, St. Keinys and his co-authors compiled the bibliographies of Jon Kruop (1998), Vincent Drotvin (2016), and edited the bibliographic index of K. Gaivenis’ works (2003). It should be said that St. Caine is concerned with bibliography not only in terms of information, but also in terms of language and terminology. He is the special editor of the Dictionary of Librarianship and Bibliography Terms (published in four volumes in 1990-1999) and has made a significant contribution not only to this dictionary, but also to the development and improvement of library terminology standards. From 1996 to 2006, he was a member of the editorial board of the journal Tarp knygų, where he published about 20 articles and reviews on library terminology and other language issues. There are also several publications in the previously published Library work. The accumulated experience allowed the linguist to take up not only terminology, but also lexicography in general. St. Keinys is the editor-in-chief of the third edition of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language Dictionary (1993). The dictionary has been prepared for three years since 1986, then it took a long time for its consideration and publication. During the preparation of this edition due to obsoleteness, narrow usage, changed evaluation of norms from the previous edition of the dictionary many articles were removed, many new, clarified interpretations of meanings were added. St. Keynes says that he has read this dictionary like a novel from the first to the last page. 263Terminology | 2016 | 23 cute letters, and not once. He is also the chief editor of the fourth (2000, electronic 2002), fifth (2003, electronic), sixth (2006, electronic) and seventh (2012) editions of this dictionary. Since the fourth edition, the dictionary has been available in electronic form, published on the Internet in 2003. The fifth edition (the second electronic) was recognized as the best electronic lexicographic publication of the year at the Infobalt exhibition in 2004. In 2005, St. Keinys was awarded the Language Prize in Memory of Felicija Bortkevičienė for this dictionary. His first publication on language issues was published in 1966 in the journal Mokslas ir technika (which is one of the oldest journals still published). In several issues, the article Practical synonyms in terminology was published. It is easy to calculate that this year we can celebrate not only the birthday anniversary, after all, 50 years have passed since that first article – very meaningful and creative years of the scientist. Articles, articles just poured – often ten or even twenty per year. The author of these lines, who recently started working in the Department of Terminology of the Lithuanian Language Institute (now the Terminology Centre), recalls how about 15 years ago the usual five-year certification of senior researcher St. Keinis took place in the Department. In reviewing his activities, the scientist said that he published about 100 publications in five years. That figure was and still is impressive. There's something to compare to. Looking at the researcher’s articles, it is clear that he always wanted the topics of language issues to reach the widest possible audience. It was written not only in periodicals for linguists and teachers, but also in various other newspapers and magazines, both for specialists in certain fields and for the wider public, as well as in regional ones. The researcher is concerned about the correct, fluent, foreign words unnecessarily not added language and its terminology, so a lot of writing in publications concerned with language practice – about 40 publications in Language Culture, even more in Mother Tongue (especially if we add publications in Our Language). Researches have been published in the journals Baltistica, Linguistica Lettica, Lituanistica, Terminologija, Žmogus ir žodis and others. Larger and smaller publications over several decades have been scattered in various magazines and newspapers, for example: Aitvaras, Diena, Fizikų žinios, Gimtasis kraštas, Justitia, Kalba Vilnius, Kauno tiesa, Kultūros barai, Kurier Wileński, Lietuvos eidas, Lietuvos pionierius, Literatūra ir menas, Mokykla, Mokslas ir gyvenimas, 264 Alvydas Umbrasas | From words to dictionaries: Stasys Keinis – 80 years of life (in Lithuanian) 264 Alvydas Umbrasas | From words to dictionaries: Stasys Keinis – 80 years of life (in Lithuanian) 264 Alvydas Umbrasas | From words to dictionaries: Stasys Keinis – 80 years of life (in Lithuanian) They were karinės naujienos, Vienybė, Žemės ūkis, Эхо Литвы ir kt. Iš viso daugiau nei 40 pavadinimų įvairių mokslinių ir ne mokslinių periodinių leidinių. published in the 1960s and 1970s, i.e. mainly when she was a lecturer in Kaunas at the beginning of her career. These are various bug fixes, reviews, reviews and so on. It’s fun to look at St. Cain’s speech through software tools. For this purpose, Lithuanian articles included in the collection of articles of the linguist Lithuanian Terminology Development (2012) were used1. The text of about 130 thousand words was taken. Footnotes (mainly bibliographical information), abstracts in other languages and words in italics (usually not the author’s text, but the material under consideration) were removed from this array. The software processing of the abbreviated text shows that in total more than 20 thousand different word forms (syllables, verb forms, etc.) were used. Processing these forms with the morphological annotator published on the Internet by the Computer Linguistics Center of Vytautas Magnus University, it was found that there are about 9 thousand different words (lemmas) in total2. Therefore, the author's texts are very wordy. By way of comparison, the dictionary of Kristijonas Donelaitis’ writings compiled by Jon Kabelkas, for example, contains only 3,278 heading words, while Viktoras Alekna has meticulously calculated that Salomėja Nėris used 7,246 words in her work. The ten most common forms of St. Keinis’s words in the collection of articles are: ir (5574), kalbos (1767), lietuvių (1273), yra (1047), J. (974), kad (911), buvo (891), iš (859), terminologija (821), terminų (767). The conjunction and preposition are regular, and other studies show that it is the most common word in texts. Other words clearly show the subject of the linguist's research. It is interesting that the very common abbreviation is J. This shows that people with such a first letter of the name are very often mentioned. One of those persons is easy to guess – the name of Jon Jablonskis is mentioned in articles about 450 times 1 Thank you to Adele Noreikaitė, who allowed me to use her computer-edited articles. Several non-Lithuanian articles in the collection are not considered. The data were processed in Word, Notepad, AntConc, Access. 2 Of course, determination and other software recognition errors were not avoided, but the exact accuracy of numbers was not sought here; In addition, the number includes, for example, used names, surnames, non-Lithuanian words (rejected only Cyrillic), as well as words that are not the author of the text, i.e. they are quoted, they are discussed. 265Terminology | 2016 | 23 (the surname Jablonskio is in the fifty most common word forms). The names of Juozas Balčikonis and Jonas Kruopa are mentioned almost 200 times each in the articles. These are the people St. Keynes wrote about, the authorities he relied on. When discussing language subjects, a scholar usually does not abuse international terms, does not shy away from looking for rarer Lithuanian words or create new ones, e.g.: interpretation of works, hunger for unknown things, doctorate returned to continue work, man expelled, expelled did not boast, novelties with pre-, lacked a more experienced editor, there is no lack of boxes. St. Keinys is not only a Lithuanian pedagogue, who has made a significant contribution to the training of Lithuanian teachers in general education schools, but also a terminologist, who has devoted a great deal of attention to the education of future terminologists. Almost all of the current members of the Lithuanian Language Institute’s Terminology Centre are students of St. Cain. Almost all of the employees who have come to work at the Terminology Centre over the past couple of decades (including those who have not stayed) have been recommended by him, pushed into the field of terminology. Under the supervision of St. Keinis, doctoral theses in the field of terminology were defended by Albina Auksoriūtė (Laurynas Ivinskis terminology works, 2000), Palmira Zemlevičiūtė (Development of Lithuanian medical terminology at the end of the 19th century – beginning of the 20th century, 2009), Robertas Stunžinas (Building folk terms, 2011), Asta Mitkevičienė (Lithuanian literary science terms from 1918 to 1940, 2015), and he has also contributed to the creation of the dissertation of the author of these lines, being a member of its defence council. In one of his articles, St. Keynes says: “It remains to be hoped that the first century of the third millennium will not become the age of the decline of our terminology and of the language itself, that even people who look mockingly at the traditional ways of creating our terminology, at the preservation of its and the language’s vitality and uniqueness, i.e. their strength, who consider those things obsolete, outdated, will understand that the greatest goals of language and terminology work and policy are to preserve and strengthen our language, its role, to cherish its uniqueness, to develop it and its terminology consistently and targeted, to make it as flexible and understandable as possible for all people. We must not only hope for this, but also work together to achieve it. The Lithuanian language and its terminology must preserve the Lithuanian spirit.” So it remains for us, the students, to follow this wish, and for you, Teacher, strength and health in maintaining and nurturing the terminology tree, preparing works from which we can continue to learn. The longest years! 266 Alvydas Umbrasas | From words to dictionaries: Stasys Keinis – 80 LITERATŪRA Bliūdžiuvienė N. Bibliotekininkų bičiulis. – Tarp knygų, 1996, Nr. 9, p. 33–34. Geležinkelio terminijos kūrimas: [pokalbis su lietuviškų geležinkelio terminų sudarytoju bei normintoju, kalbininku Stasiu Keiniu]. Kalbėjosi V. Leščinskas. – Geležinkelininkas, 2001, kovo 16–31, p. 6. http://www.lki.lt. Knyga, kurios laukėme du dešimtmečius: [A. Stirbytės pokalbis su „Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodyno“ 3-iojo leidimo vyr. red. St. Keiniu]. – Tiesa, 1993, lapkr. 18, p. 9. Krištopaitienė D. Kristijono Donelaičio raštų leksika ir jos redagavimas. – Senoji Lietuvos literatūra, 2004, Kn. 18, p. 252–265. Rimkutė A. Terminologas Stasys Keinys. – Terminologija, 2006, Nr. 13, p. 246–249. Stasys Keinys. – Sabaliauskas A. Lietuvių kalbos tyrinėjimo istorija: 1980–2010 m., Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2012, p. 239–242. Stasys Keinys: bibliografijos rodyklė. Sudarė A. Noreikaitė, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2006. Zemlickas G. Salomėja Nėris: gyvenimo ir kūrybos vingiais (1). – Mokslo Lietuva, 2004, gruod. 2–22, p. 1, 10–11. Retrieved 2016-10-10. Alvydas Umbrasas Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania Email: [email protected]