Sudėtinio termino dėmenų ir apibrėžties subordinacija: vieno atvejo analizė

175Terminology | 2021 | 28 doi.org/10.35321/term28-08 Subordination of Elements and Definition of a Composite Term: A Case Study AUŠRA RIMKUTĖ-GANUSAUSKIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas ORCID id: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-7333 ANNOTATION Each term must have a definition – the result of a constructive agreement. The content of the definition depends on the scope of the concept – if the number of common and distinctive features that identify it changes (decreases or increases), the content of the definition may also change (be refined – narrowed or expanded). When writing the definition of the same concept, specialists in a certain subject area may not record the same characteristics of the concept. Such disparity is caused by different experience, knowledge, education, perception of the concept, and even imagination of the specialists. The article, based on examples, for the first time discusses the subordination of the component(s) and definition of a compound term. KEY WORDS: term, concept, terminological meaning, definition, compound term. ABSTRACT Every term must have a definition – the outcome of a constructive agreement. The content of the definition depends on the scope of the concept. After the number of basic and distinguishing features reflected by it changes (decreases or increases), the content of the definition may change as well (it may be updated, i.e. narrowed or expanded). When the definition of the same concept is being created, the professionals of a certain field may choose slightly different features to define the same concept. Such inconsistency may be determined by the difference in their experience, education, concept perception, and even imagination. Referring to specific examples, the article presents the first more KEYWORDS: in-depth analysis addressing the relationship of subordination between the constituent component(s) of a combinative term and its definition. term, concept, terminological meaning, definition, combinative term. 176 Aušra Rimkutė-Ganusauskienė Elements and definition of the compound subordinacija: vieno atvejo analizė term INTRODUCTION In the practice of preparing dictionaries of terms, we encounter various complicated situations, for example, a term used in the language of a certain field of human activity does not have a name (term) at all, so it is necessary to create one or use a loan if one exists. Sometimes you have to choose between the already almost familiar name of the concept and the new one. There are cases when it is necessary to solve the question of the choice of the grammatical connection of the compound term (coordinative, controlling or fusion) and so on. However, in all cases, the content of a term in a particular field is revealed by the terminological meaning, i.e. the meaning characteristic of the word in the terminology of a particular field (Kvašytė 2005: 53). The purpose of this article is to examine the subordination of the element(s) and the definition of a certain type of compound term1. The selected object – composite terms with the main focus on clothing and shoes, presented in the term bank of the Republic of Lithuania or found in the literature indicated in “Sources”. The article sets out the following tasks: 1) to review how the definition is understood in selected works of Lithuanian and foreign linguists and what requirements are placed on them; 2) based on Lithuanian and foreign linguistic literature, distinguish more common types of definitions; 3) to reveal the relationship of subordination of the choice of the element(s) of the composite term and the definition. Analytical and comparative methods are used in writing the article. Additional information is provided in the pictures. 1. INTERPRETATION OF THE DEFINITION At present, the term definition is used in terminology (Jakaitienė 2005: 24; 2010: 183 et al.), and the term definition is presented as a synonym (Kvašytė 2005: 12 et al.), as is the international term definition2 (Kvašytė 2005: 12). The linguist Jonas Klimavičius notes that with the “Terms Bank Act of the Republic of Lithuania (23 December 2003 1 Subordination in this article is understood as belonging, cf. subordination – 1. something from something je, speaking of syntactic relationships “between sentence structure units, one of which (dependent) depends on the other (main) and is only included in the sentence through the main” (LKE 1999: 509; nors priklausymas (TŽŽ 2007: 1049; 2013: 781). Terminas subordinacija dažniausiai vartojamas sintaksėcf. Gaivenis, Keinys 1990: 160). Instead, it is more commonly used the Lithuanian equivalent prijungimas. 2 Interestingly, in the 2005 edition of the Language Advice Booklet Lexis: Borrowing Use instead of the Definition of the Word, it is suggested to give preference to the words definition, definition (KP L1 2005: 40), whereas in the second supplemented and revised edition of the booklet, printed in 2013, only the definition (KP L1 2013: 22). 177Terminology | 2021 | 28 No. IX-1950) instead of the definition, the definition known and widely used (S. Šalkauskas et al.) since RLŽ 1932 3213 invaded with might” (Klimavičius 2005: 248). According to Stasys Šalkauskas, the creator of the theory of Lithuanian scientific terminology, definition is a name “ad modum substantiae” used to define an action, and the term definition means the performed action, is the result of the definition (Šalkauskis 1991: 204). Apparently, the term definition, used for a long time in the works of terminologists, was replaced by the term definition in order to avoid ambiguity – because the term definition can be named both the action (abstract meaning) and the result of the action (concrete meaning). According to the terminologist Stasys Keinis, in terms of organizing terminology, “[K]einys derivatives of a particular meaning should be made with prefixes or endings characteristic of the corresponding ways of making” (Keinys 2005: 25), which is why the definition of the -tis derivative of the prefix is more suitable. The Educational Dictionary of Terminology prepared by Regina Kvašytė states that a definition is “a detailed verbal description reflecting the semas of the nucleus of the terminological meaning4 and specifying the content of the concept, which at a certain level of abstraction reveals the essential features that distinguish it from neighboring concepts” (Kvašytė 2005: 13). The Lithuanian standard LST ISO 1087-1:2005 Terminology work. Explanatory dictionary. Part 1. Theory and application The term definition is a "descriptive statement that defines a concept and helps to distinguish it from related concepts" (TB). A similar description is given in the Terminology Manual for translators of the Lithuanian Language Department of the Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission: the definition is “a statement describing a concept that helps to distinguish it from other concepts. It must define the concept as a unit denoting a unique combination of characteristics and a unique set of objects” (TV 2006: 16). Thus, the definition precisely defines or describes the concept of a certain subject area, certain characteristics of the object named by it, and the concept itself is conveyed in the subject area by linguistic (usually terms) or non-verbal (various symbols) signs (Figure 1). Similarly, the definition is understood in Ilona Mickienė and Birutė Briaukienė’s teaching aid for students Aspects of Lithuanian Terminology. Only the term definition is used here. It is described as “disclosure of the content of the concept, i.e. the indication of the essential characteristics of the objects and phenomena reflected by the concept” (Mickienė, Briaukienė 2016: 18). 3 The Russian-Lithuanian Dictionary prepared by lexicographer Jonas Baronas (Kaunas: Spindulys) – aut. past. 4 Here and further diluted by the author of the dictionary R. Kvašytė. 178 Aušra Rimkutė-Ganusauskienė Elements and definition of the composite term The subordinacija: vieno atvejo analizė Dictionary of Composite Terms provides the definition of the term and its synonym of international origin definition and is defined as follows: “A logical action by which the essential characteristics of an object are revealed and it is distinguished from other objects adjacent to it. The definition must be adequate, i.e. there must be a relationship of equivalence between the defining and the defining concept. The definition should be neither too broad nor too narrow. In addition, there must be no circle in it, i.e. the defining object cannot be defined by a concept that becomes clear only from the defining concept itself or the defining and defining concepts are the same” (Gaivenis, Keinys 1990: 22). As can be seen, the concept of definition is supplemented with practical recommendations, possible shortcomings are indicated, the dependence of the defining and defining concepts on each other is emphasized, in other words – the definition must contain those features that precisely (neither too broadly, nor too narrowly, etc.) reveal the content of the term. The definition of logical operation is also described in the Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia: “A logical operation by which criteria are established for distinguishing the investigated object from other objects by indicating its specificity and the meaning of the linguistic expression used or entered” (VLEe)5. The encyclopedia emphasizes that although each science formulates its own definitions of concepts, all use the means of definition created by logic. See online access: https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/apibrezimas [accessed 2021-07-05]. Figure 1. Relationship between object, concept, definition and term 179Terminology | 2021 | 28 tis – and the science of terminology. Therefore, let us briefly recall how the subject is understood in logic. In this case, the definition (Latin definitio) derived from the verb -imas is used in the meaning of the result of the action and is interpreted as a certain statement, more precisely, its type. A statement consists of three parts: the defining (Latin definiendum), the defining (defines, means, etc. The defining concept, as niens) ir jungiančioji, paprastai reiškiama tokiais žodžiais kaip yra, vadialready mentioned, describes a certain object, and the defining concept – its essential characteristics, which help to determine the general genus or class of the object and at the same time allow it to be distinguished from other species or subclasses of a certain genus or class (for more details see Plečkaitis 2004: 163; Eidukienė 2009: 60; Bubelis et al. 2012: 116). As we can see from the sources, although the definition (or the definition, because it is used synonymously) is described by slightly different words – in one place as a logical operation, in another as a verbal description or statement, but in all of them it is stated that the definition precisely defines or describes the concept, and everywhere certain characteristics of the term are emphasized, revealing the essence of the concept and (or) indicating its specificity, uniqueness and exclusivity in a certain subject area. Linguists agree that the definition of a term in terminology is not the same as the definition of a simple word in dictionaries – it differs primarily in its defined content, accuracy. Thus, the essence of the term is characterized by the relationship with the concept it denotes, so when defining it is worth remembering that “[S] the definition of the concept should be as short and simple as possible, but it should contain the minimum information distinguishing the concept” (Jakaitienė 2010: 183). According to the book Empfehlungen für die Terminologiearbeit, a term is described by a definition that distinguishes it from other terms in terms of its content or scope of application (use) (EFT 2018: 44). There are those who think a little more broadly – that the definition of the term “is only one of the elements of the meaning of the term and is not necessarily complete, independent” (Sager 1990: 45). This approach is apparently based on the assumption that individual terms are related to each other by certain links, they form terminological systems in a certain subject area, and when the concept of the term changes (increasing or decreasing the scope of the concept) or even the terminological system, it can be supplemented, changed and defined if necessary. Moreover, it is likely that the definitions do not always record all the most important distinctive features of the concept, because this partly depends on its creator – a specialist in the subject area, on his experience, knowledge of the subject, knowledge. 180 Aušra Rimkutė-Ganusauskienė Elements and definition of the composite subordinacija: vieno atvejo analizė term In summary, it can be said that the definition helps to reveal the content of the concept of a certain subject area. How it will be defined, i.e. what essential characteristics will be listed in the definition, basically depends on ir apimties supratimo – kuo daugiau esminių objekto požymių žinoma, tuo apibrėžtesnis, išsamesnis sąvokos turinys. Iš 1 paveiksle pateikiamos schemos the content of the concept. It can be seen that the object, concept, term and definition of a certain subject area are related by certain subordination relationships and depend on each other (see Figure 2) – when one of the elements changes, the others also change. 2. TYPES OF DEFINITIONS Terminology is different. Some authors distinguish more than a dozen types, for example, as indicated in the article of Julia Eduardovna Mueller, Helmut Mönke distinguishes as many as 70 (Müeller 2016: 41), several dozen of them are also mentioned in VLEe: ostensinal, nominal, semantic, syntactic, operational, contextual, descriptive (descriptive) definition, definition by genus and species difference, nominal definition, etc. It is used as a basis for the science of logic. Lithuanian terminologist Kazimieras Gaivenis in his book Lithuanian terminology: outline of theory and ordering indicates that the Polish terminologist Stanislovas Gajda uses 11 types of definitions to define and explain concepts in the scientific language, which can have several subtypes: explanatory, comparative, classical, genetic (or origin), operational, primordial (or protodefinition), inductive and recursive, obvious, nominative2 fig. Subordination of the term element(s) to the definition 181Terminologija | 2021 | 28 real and real, contextual and lexicographic (Gaivenis 2002: 132– 133). The linguist himself, perhaps the most of all Lithuanian terminologists who have studied the definitions of terms, distinguishes six definitions of unequal productivity: in the first part of the definition the čių tipus: „1) pilnuosius apibrėžimus (artimus loginiams apibrėžimams, vadinamiems definitio per genus proximum et differentiam specificam), kai closest relative of the terminological concept is indicated, and in the second – the species difference; 2) synonymous definitions, when meaning dėtinis terminas aiškinamas vienu ar keliais tapačios arba labai artimos equivalents; 3) enumerative definitions, when objects or phenomena belonging to the term to be defined are excluded; 4) comparative definitions, where the abbreviation plg. is followed by a single word or a compound term, which is defined separately, using any other type of definition; 5) incomplete definitions, which may not have the form of a logical definition and indicate only one characteristic of a term or reality – purpose, origin, form, etc. ; 6) reference definitions, when normative terms for scientific communication are used instead of narrowly used professionalisms or irregular and outdated terms” (Gaivenis 2004: 114–115). K. Gaivenis distinguished these types of definitions after examining the presentation of all types of composite terms in the postwar dictionaries. As it was already possible to understand, basically the type of definition depends on the basis of distribution chosen by the scientist. In other sources, intensive and extensive definitions are usually used in Lithuanian (Gaivenis 2002: 30; cf. Celiešienė, Džežulskienė 2008: 45; EFT 2018: 44–45; ISO 1087: 2019)6. An intensive definition (angl. intensional definition) is considered to be such a definition that indicates “the closest already defined or commonly known related concept7, and the features that characterize the species differences of the concept” (Kvašytė 2005: 13; cf. Gaivenis 2002: 30), an extensional definition – “which lists the constituent parts of species concepts or a whole belonging to one level of abstraction” (ibid.; cf. Gaivenis 2002: 17, 30; also cf. ISO 1087: 2019)8. K. Gaivenis 6 As already written, K. Gaivenis called these definitions full definitions. 7 Here and further in the quotation the author of the dictionary R. Kvašytė is thinned out. 8 The international standard ISO 1087: 2019 Terminology work and terminology science – Vocabulary, prepared in 2019, distinguishes two types of extensional definitions: generic extensional definition and partitive extensional definition. 182 Aušra Rimkutė-Ganusauskienė According to the elements and definition subordinacija: vieno atvejo analizė of the compound term, “[I]ntense definitions are usually classical definitions definitio per genus proximum et differentiam specificam. In these definitions, the species difference may be not one, but several features. This is because there are cases when it is not possible to find that single feature that would distinguish the defining object from all other objects and essentially reveal its content” (Gaivenis 2002: 30). Not all types of definitions are equally important in practical terminology work. Reiner Arntz, Herbert Picht and Felix Mayer describe in their book Einführung in die Terminologiearbeit the two most common types: 1) Content definitions (e.g., Inhaltsdefinition, analytical definition, intensional definition, generic definition) convey the content of the term, i.e., the specific features or characteristics that can be attributed to the thing to be defined. In essence, this is the same as the intensive definition already mentioned in Lithuanian terminology, since it is based on what is already known and distinguishes certain necessary (not all!) characteristics of the concept to be defined, which helps to adapt the term to the already existing terminology system; 2) scope definitions (e.g. German Umfangsdefinition, German extensionale Definition, English extensional definition) help to describe a term by indicating characteristics belonging to one level of abstraction or components of the concept as a whole. Thus, the authors here distinguish the extensive definition described in the literature of Lithuanian terminology and emphasize that the scope of the term can be indicated in various ways, e.g., by listing individual objects or phenomena that make up the defining term concept, or by describing certain symbols, formulas, numbers and other social concept signs (Arntz et al. 2004: 62–66). According to these authors, definitions of content and scope help to reveal hierarchical relationships between concepts, and either content or scope parameters may be sufficient to define terms, although in some cases the scope and content of a concept are related. R. Arntz, H. Picht and F. Mayer base the choice of such definitions on their applicability in practical terminology work. It can be agreed that this is particularly relevant for specialists in a certain subject area who try to define terms precisely. Juan C. Sager emphasizes that in the practice-oriented work of terminologists, all kinds of definitions can be created, even if they do not meet the strict content requirements of the classical definition (Sager 1990: 42). Here, apparently, it would be worth 183Terminology | 2021 | 28 remember that often any classification is based simply on different views of the authors and, as already mentioned, on an uneven basis of classification. Especially much attention is paid to the definitions of terms, their types and requirements by the Russian terminologist Sergei Shelov. It was published in 2003 in a monograph titled Термин. Terminology. The purpose of the definition is not to confirm or describe, but to identify, define an object and thus distinguish it from others (Shelov 2003: 33). Language1) classification definitions (родовидовые, ninkas, daugiausia remdamasis logika, apibrėžtis skirsto į penkias grupes: классифицирующие определения), which distinguish between the concept of a genus and its species characteristic (Шелов 2003: 37). These definitions are divided into partitive and totative definitions; 2) enumerative definitions (Russian: перечислительные определения), when the content of the term is revealed by enumerating the elements that belong to it (Шелов 2003: 45); 3) contextual definitions (Russian: контекстуальные определения), when the meaning of the term is explained by the precise enumeration of all contexts (Шелов 2003: 51); 4) operational definitions (операционные определения), which reflect certain operational activities. They are typical of physics and mathematics (Шелов 2003: 62); 5) monomorphic and polymorphic definitions (Russian: мономорфные и полиморфные определения). Monomorphic definitions are characterized by a clear, strictly defined content of the term to be defined, while polymorphic definitions allow a more free interpretation of the semantics of the concept, are not precise, and therefore are not recommended in normative terminology (Шелов 2003: 67). In the author's opinion, this system of definitions has inaccuracies (see also). In summary, it should be emphasized that in order for a definition to accurately describe, name or characterize a concept, it should reveal certain characteristics of the designated concept, helping to highlight its differences from other concepts and show certain semantic links. From what has already been said, there is probably no doubt that not only the terms, but also the definitions help to ensure that everyone understands equally, and at the same time reliable business communication. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, the term and definition of 190 Aušra Rimkutė-Ganusauskienė Elements and definition of the compound term subordinacija: vieno atvejo analizė LITERATŪRA Arntz Reiner, Picht Heribert, Mayer Felix 2004: Einführung in die Terminologiearbeit, Georg Olms Verlag AG Hildesheim. Bubelis Rimgaudas, Jakimenko Virginija, Valatka Vytis 2012: Logika. II dalis. Silogistika, klasių logika, daugiareikšmė, modalinė, normų logika, nededukciniai samprotavimai, Vilnius: Mykolo Romerio universitetas. Celiešienė Vilija, Džežulskienė Judita 2008: Profesinės kalbos pagrindai, Kaunas: Technologija. EFT – Empfehlungen für die Terminologiearbeit, Bern, 2018. Prieiga internete: http://www.cotsoes.org/sites/ default/files/KUEDES_Empfehlungen_fuer_die_Terminologiearbeit_Bern_2018.pdf [žiūrėta 2021-05-13]. Eidukienė Dalia 2009: Logika, Vilnius: Parama. Gaivenis Kazimieras 2002: Lietuvių terminologija: teorijos ir tvarkybos metmenys, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos instituto leidykla. Gaivenis Kazimieras 2004: Sudėtinių terminų pateikimas ir aiškinimas terminų žodynuose. – Terminologijos: istorijos ir dabarties problemos: straipsnių rinkinys Kazimierui Gaiveniui atminti, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos instituto leidykla. Gaivenis Kazimieras, Keinys Stasys 1990: Kalbotyros terminų žodynas, Kaunas: Šviesa. ISO 1087: 2019 (en) Terminology work and terminology science – Vocabulary. Prieiga internete: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:62330:en [žiūrėta 2021-07-05]. Jakaitienė Evalda 2005: Leksikografija, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. Jakaitienė Evalda 2010: Leksikologija: studijų knyga, antr. pakart. leid., Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla. Keinys Stasys 2005: Priesaginė lietuviškų terminų daryba. – Dabartinė lietuvių terminologija, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 21–76. Klimavičius Jonas 2005: Kazimieras Gaivenis. Lietuvių terminologija: teorijos ir tvarkybos metmenys [rec.]. – Leksikologijos ir terminologijos darbai: norma ir istorija, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 246–258. KP L1 – Kalbos patarimai 4: kn. Leksika 1: skolinių vartojimas (L1), sud. D. Mikulėnienė, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2005. KP L1 – Kalbos patarimai 4: kn. Leksika 1: skolinių vartojimas (L1), sud. D. Mikulėnienė, A. Dilytė, antras patais. ir papild. leid., Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2013. Kvašytė Regina 2005: Mokomasis terminologijos žodynėlis, Šiauliai: VšĮ Šiaulių universiteto leidykla. LKE – Lietuvių kalbos enciklopedija, par. K. Morkūnas, red. V. Ambrazas, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 1999. LST ISO 1087-1:2005 Terminologijos darbas. Aiškinamasis žodynas. 1 dalis. Teorija ir taikymas (tapatus ISO 1087-1:2000). Mickienė Ilona, Briaukienė Birutė 2016: Lietuvių terminologijos apsektai: metodinė mokomoji knyga, Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas. Prieiga internete: https://www.knf.vu.lt/dokumentai/failai/katedru/lietuviu/ Lietyvi%c5%b3_terminologijos_aspektai_2016.pdf [žiūrėta 2021-04-01]. Mueller Julia Eduardovna 2016: Prinzipien, Arten und Charakteristika von Definitionen in der deutschen und englischen Logistikterminologie. – Филологические науки в МГИМО 7, 39–49. Prieiga internete: https://philnauki.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/117/118 [žiūrėta 2021-07-01]. Noreikaitė Adelė 1994: Lietuvos Respublikos standartas „Terminologijos principai ir metodai“. – Terminologija 1, 99–100. Oberholzer Mirjam 2002: Terminologische Definitionen: Form, Funktion, Extraktion, Zürich. Prieiga internete: https://www.cl.uzh.ch/dam/jcr:00000000-6a77-a254-ffff-ffffa5fa2b22/oberholzer_liz_terminologische_definitionen.pdf [žiūrėta 2021-07-01]. Plečkaitis Romanas 2004: Logikos pagrindai, Vilnius: Tyto Alba. Sager Juan C. 1990: A Practical Course in Terminology Processing, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Šalkauskis Stasys 1991: Raštai II: filosofijos ir pedagogikos terminija, Vilnius: Mintis. TT – Kazimieras Gaivenis, Angelė Kaulakienė, Stasys Keinys, Jonas Klimavičius, Terminologijos taisymai, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1992. TV – Terminologijos vadovėlis Europos Komisijos Vertimo raštu generalinio direktorato Lietuvių kalbos departamento vertėjams, Liuksemburgas, 2006. Prieiga internete: http://www.laraneda.lt/failai/terminology_guidelines_lt.pdf [žiūrėta 2021-05-12]. TŽŽ – Tarptautinių žodžių žodynas, red. A. Kaulakienė, Vilnius: Alma littera, 2013. TŽŽ – Valerija Vaitkevičiūtė, Tarptautinių žodžių žodynas, 4-as patais. ir papild. leidimas, Vilnius: Žodynas, 2007. VLEe – Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, e. variantas, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras, 2001– 2020. Prieiga internete: www.vle.lt. Шелов Сергей Дмитриевич 2003: Термин. Терминологичность. Терминологические определения, Mocква. 191Terminology | 2021 | 28 SubORDINATION bETWEEN COMpONENTS AND DEfINITION Of A COMbINATIvE TERM: CASE STuDY Summary As it is generally known, the content of the term is revealed by the definition of the terminological meaning, the content of which essentially depends on the scope of updated the concept. If the number of the basic and distinguishing features reflected by the concept changes (decreases or increases), the content of the definition may be further (narrowed or expanded). The professionals of a certain field may choose slightly different features of the concept to define the same concept. Such inconsistency may be determined by the difference in their experience, perception of the concept, professional knowledge, and even imagination. We may say that the definition of a certain term is the outcome of a constructive agreement, and there are cases where several definitions (rather than one) revealing the basic and distinguishing features of the concept devised by the professionals of a certain field may be considered correct and appropriate. The article analyzes two-word terms with the head component apranga and batai found in the Term Bank of the Republic of Lithuania: gimnastikos apranga, golfo apranga, slidinėjimo apranga, teniso apranga and motociklininkų batai, parašiutininkų batai, bokso batai, žolės riedulio batai, etc. It is discussed why in some cases the combinative terms with apranga and batai as head components indicate aspect with the shade of purpose and in other cases with the shade of belonging. The analysis of the examples entails a conclusion that the expression of the aspectual component(s) of the combinative term obviously depends on the content of the definition created by a professional of a certain field. It means that the way a professional conceives the specific term determines which element is chosen for use. Therefore, the term and its definition are linked by bidirectional relations of subordination, i.e. the selection of constituent components for a one-word or combinative term depends on the content and scope of the definition, and vice versa. Retrieved 2021-07-10 Aušra Rimkutė-Ganusauskienė Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail ausra.gan[email protected]