XX a. – XXI a. pr. statybos terminų dūrinių kognityviniai propoziciniai modeliai

153Terminology | 2021 | 28 doi.org/10.35321/term28-07 20th century – early 21st century construction dates dūrinių kognityviniai propoziciniai modeliai Lina Rutkienė Lietuvių kalbos institutas ORCID id: https://0000-0001-6661-3115 ANNOTATION In this paper, cognitive propositional models of self-constructing and hybrid construction terms are identified and discussed using cognitive modeling method. The material revealed liai. Laikomasi požiūrio, kad su dūrinio onomasiologine struktūra koreliuoja propozicinio pobūdžio žinios, dūrinyje visada matomas konceptų ryšys. Empirinė that self-constructing and hybrid construction terms are made propositional by actualizing 16 cognitive propositional models. The center of the construction field are objects, mainly material products of human activity, therefore the basic concept of OBJECT, naming the realities of construction, is most often updated. KEY WORDS: stitch, cognitive propositional model, concept, object, construction area. ABSTRACT The article identifies and discusses the cognitive propositional models of indigenous and hybrid construction terminology compounds using the cognitive modelling method. It is believed that the knowledge of propositional nature correlates with the onomasiological structure of the compounds, and the connection of concepts is always visible there. The empirical material has revealed that indigenous and hybrid construction terminology compounds are made on the basis of 16 cognitive propositional models. Objects, mostly the material products of human activity, are in the center of the construction field; therefore, in naming the realities of construction, the basic concept of the OBJECT is actualized most often. KEYWORDS: compound, cognitive propositional model, concept, object, construction field. In recent years, both foreign and Lithuanian linguistics have actively developed cognitive linguistics, which is closely related to philosophy, psychology and social sciences. 154 Lina Rutkienė Logic of the construction of terms in the 20th – early 21st kognityviniai propoziciniai modeliai centuries and the direction investigating the relationship between language and consciousness, knowledge structures, their fixation in linguistic forms. In Lithuanian linguistics, perhaps the most attention is paid to the theory of conceptual metaphor, a number of studies of conceptual metaphors in different discourses have been carried out (e.g.: aliūkaitė, Sideravičiūtė-Mickienė 2006; Marcinkevičienė 2006; Kvašytė, Župerka 2011; Kvašytė, papaurėlytė 2013; Būdvytytė-Gudienė et al. 2014 and others). Cognitive research is also important for terminology. Representatives of cognitive terminology understand the term as a special cognitive-informational structure, expressing in a linguistic form professional knowledge accumulated over a long period of society's development. Understanding, remembering and updating the information marked by the term, a person not only uses that information, but also interprets, supplements, changes it, etc. Cognitive analysis of terms provides an opportunity to explain how the knowledge of the scientific world ypač tai pasakytina apie dūrinių, einančių terminais, tyrimus, todėl šiame took place, the result of which is a functioning system of terms. However, cognitive studies of terms are much less than those of general lexicon, so the article will take a cognitive approach to general language stitches when examining construction terms stitches. The aim of this paper is to identify cognitive propositional models of the 20th-21st century self-originating and hybrid construction terms, which can be used as a basis for the nomination of construction terms. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, the article discusses theoretical provisions related to cognitive propositional models; Based on empirical material, basic concepts are identified, which are updated by stitching; evaluate with what other concepts they can form propositional cognitive models; the types of work in which these models are realized. From 73 scientific texts in the field of construction (textbooks, monographs, dictionaries, etc.1) from the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, 518 self-originating and hybrid2 construction terms were collected, whose syntax is based on free (independent) stems. The article does not deal with puns with prepositional and postpositional international sitat roots, such as photo-, geo-, macro-, 1 the genre of a large part of early 20th century texts is not specified. 2 A pronoun is considered to be a pronoun if both of its parts are Lithuanian (supported by Indo-Europeanisms, Baltic and Slavic communities, words characteristic only of Baltic languages or only of Lithuanian language). This is a hybrid stitch, one side of which is Lithuanian and the other is borrowed. 155Terminology | 2021 | 28 micro-, nano-; -graf and so on. When a semantic root without grammatical features passes through sandu, it is difficult to establish its connection with the concept3. In the study of the material, one of the methods of cognitive linguistics is applied – the so-called cognitive modeling (Russian: когнитивное моделирование), the essence of which is to establish cognitive models, in this case – propositional nature. As Natalia Besedina writes, the method of modeling yra vienas pagrindinių kognityvinės analizės metodų. Taikant šį metodą – in linguistics in general – it is possible to obtain a certain schematic construct (model) that replaces a more complex object. The model, according to the researcher, allows to record the most important 2014: 121). Straipsnyje kognityvinio modeliavimo metodas derinamas su characteristics of the research object (Besedina analytical descriptive method. THEORETICAL CONDITIONS Cognitive linguists also associate the creation of new words with cognitive processes. According to Jelena Kubriakova, word formation should be understood as a system, the essence of which is the satisfaction of human need to distinguish and record special structures of knowledge in linguistic forms. It is the feature of the construct to be such a unit of nomination that is convenient for packaging information (Russian: для упаковки информации) and use in linguistic activity, and characterizes the construct as a special cognitive structure (Кубрякова 2004: 393–394). In the opinion of the scientists of cognitive linguistics, certain thinking schemes, or in other words cognitive models, are involved in making new words, from them and terms. When interacting with the environment, a person distinguishes phenomena, objects or characteristics. According to J. Kubriakova, exclusion, as the initial stage of knowledge of these things, is established in speech through nomination, realized by means of word formation (Кубрякова 2004: 393). in order to name a certain thing, it is necessary to identify the referent, determine its place in the cognitive system, assign it to a certain category. when performing nomination, a person tries to find some known pattern, a scheme according to which he could create new words. Thus, there are certain models of thinking based on existing knowledge, and these models are universal algorithms, based on which it is possible both to create and understand a new word. 3 Cognitive propositional models of constructional terms stitches were examined during the preparation of the doctoral dissertation „Constructional terminology stitches: formation and development“, and it was attempted to discuss the cognitive propositional models of false stitches, i.e. stitches with international sietic stems (see Rutkienė 2021). In the consciousness of a person who has come across a new word, these kognityviniai propoziciniai modeliai schemes (models) are activated, a person applies them in order to understand the meaning of the word and the text in which it is used (Бабина 2013: 15–16). Similarly, Suzanne Kemmer writes about it: she claims that schemas are typical examples of experience in our thinking, so deeply rooted that they can be applied to the creation and understanding of linguistic expressions (Kemmer 2003). J. Kubriakova points out that the act of nomination cannot occur without a proposition: the precursor of the act of nomination is “the formation of a proposition from existing ready-made concepts, but as soon as a new word appears as a result of this act, it becomes the representative of a new separate concept and people get the opportunity to operate with it as a new cohesive structure” (Кубрякова 2004: 317). proposition is a construct that connects concepts, and it is understood as an analogue of the word-making model in the sense of knowledge representation. proposition allows to understand that in the world all events, objects, phenomena, etc. are not isolated, but interacting. Cognitive linguists argue that knowledge structures are essentially structures of interacting concepts, and the unions of these concepts are called propositions. According to George Lakoff, a propositional cognitive model is one that is formed without the mechanisms of imagination, i.e. without the use of metaphor, metonymia or mental images (Lakoff 1990). In other words, a proposition is a model that consists of arguments and a basic predicate that connects these arguments. The theory of propositions is also applied to stitch, stating that with the onomastologic structure of stitch correlates propositional knowledge. punctuation marks are special units of language, because they always show the connection of concepts. According to J. Kubriakova, a construct that has entered a group of units with the same propositional structure expresses the same cognitive situation (Кубрякова 2004: 393–394). In this context, the concept itself – one of the basic concepts of cognitive linguistics – should be discussed. According to aloyzas Gudavičius, the concept is usually perceived as a “heterogeneous multidimensional unit of knowledge about the world and experience” (Gudavičius 2011: 112). In the Cognitive Dictionary, the concept is defined as a term that explains “the mental or psychic resources of our consciousness and that informational structure that reflects human knowledge and experience”; There is also another definition: a concept is an “operational content [having content – aut. past.] of memory, mental lexicon, conceptual system and brain language (lingua mentalis), the whole of the world aCTOR), OBJECT, place, TIME, OPERATION. In addition, the 157Terminology | 2021 | 28 unit of the map reflected in the human psyche” (Кубрякова et al. 1996: 90). “A person thinks in terms of concepts, he analyzes, compares and connects different concepts,” writes Silvija papaurėlytė-Klovienė (2007: 16). a. Gudavičius emphasizes that “when we say ‘the expression of a concept in language’, we should understand: the part of the concept that is expressed by language units” (Gudavičius 2011: 113). With regard to the expression of the concept, the position of N. Besedina should also be mentioned: the linguist points out that when a concept is represented in language, not the whole concept is activated, but only a konceptas nėra verbalizuojamas iki galo (Беседина 2006). certain part of it. In Cognitive Linguistics, there are primarily so-called basic concepts4: OBJECT, PARTS OF OBJECT, MOTION, LIFE, or SPACE, TIME, PROPERTIES, etc. (Jackendoff 1990). Scientist Lucy vanderwende proposes to use questions, kuwhat? )), LaIKaS (kada?) (engl. Time (When?), MEdŽIaGa rie anglų kalboje prasideda Wh (SuBJEKTaS (kas?) (angl. Subject (Who / (From Whom?). Material (Made of what?)) and so on (vanderwende 1994). This article mainly relies on the concepts presented by Anastasia Fedenko and the predicates connecting them to the propositional structure, since the subject of this author’s research is also punching. a. Fedenko in his work distinguishes the following basic concepts, together with predicates, which form the cognitive propositional models of Russian puns: vEIKėJaS (engl. concepts of GOAL and MANNER are relevant to stitches. These concepts are connected to the propositional structure by the predicates BE TYPE OF, BE WITH, BE FOR, BE BY, BE MADE FROM, BE Used, BE PART OF, BE LIKE, BE IN, BE LIKE (Fedenko 2015). As the collected material shows, when examining the construction terms stitches, it is still appropriate to distinguish BŪvIO and REZuLThe TaTO concept. 4 In contemporary cognitive linguistics, there are different typologies of concepts. 158 Lina Rutkienė 20th century – early 21st century construction terms punching kognityviniai propoziciniai modeliai BUILDING THERMICAL RESISTANCE KOGnITYvInIaI pROpOZICInIaI MOdELIaI Kognityvinis propozicinis modelis su VEIKSMO ir OBJEKTO konceptais the main concept, which is included in most of the construction terms of the punching cognitive propositional models, is the concept of OBJECT, denoting things of various categories: abstract things, objects, their parts, materials, etc. Scientists generally consider two to be the main features of t. y. tikslų fizinį vieno objekto atribojamumą nuo kito (net jei tai miltai ar išpiltas vanduo) ir vidines jungtis, vienalytiškumą bei pastovumą (Lanan object, gacker 1991; Кубрякова 1997). Concerning the separability of one object from another, Yuri Stepanov’s insights are worth mentioning: objectivity is primarily related to the idea of background and figure in the human environment, that is, to the idea of space and its division. The object is the simplest result of the discretization of the universe, the separation of its individual fragments in space (Степанов 2016). In the opinion of Rolandas Langackeris, the presence of clear boundaries, contours, the fact that the object occupies a fairly defined place in space are essential features that help to identify the object (Langacker 1991: 63). E. Kubriakova emphasizes that an object should not be understood only as a physical thing – such a concept is too narrow. Objects can also be abstract things, i.e. things that cannot be touched. They have no physical characteristics, but they have mental characteristics (Кубрякова 1997). It is difficult to say how certain concrete construction realities are perceived, but from a cognitive point of view, it is assumed that their objectivity is perceived first. The nomination of construction concepts is often based on a cognitive propositional model composed of the basic concepts of OBJECT and ACTION. When naming the abstract concepts of the construction field, the main characteristic is distinguished as an action directed at a certain object or performed with an object. The concept of OBJECT in this model includes several things: natural phenomena, abstract things and objects. The construction of buildings is closely related to the OBJEKTO koncepto aprėptį aptarsime išsamiau. natural world: they are protected from its elements, they are allowed into the house to improve the living conditions of people, the realities of nature are used in the construction process, etc. Therefore, the concept of OBJECT of part of this model often includes natural realities. Such as 159Terminology | 2021 | 28 The most diverse construction objects are named by stitches: buildings, their parts, machines, devices, etc. Some of the vEIKSMaS – OBJEKTaS stitches of the model in question are made by the first sands based on the following nouns denoting the realities of nature: dangus (skyscraper TRLT 1949, RLKp 1959, MK 1977, SMSM 2008), dujos (gasotiekis CpŽŪ 1969, SM 2008; dujoblotė SMGT 2014), dūmai (chemtrail pK 1962; chimney RLSTŽ 1992), lietus (rain meter RLSTŽ 1992, STŽ 2002), pūgomatis aKTa 1995), smėlis (smėliablotė aLLa 1993; sandsvaidė MTpM 1976, KSŽ1988), oras (air blower ŪTSv 1935; airplane MMpK 1988; orlaidė dd 1967, KSŽ 1988, STŽ 2002, MavL 2002 / airplane SdTSS 1930, SSB 1943, MMpK 1988), STŽ 2002), vėjas (windmill SSB 1943; windmill SSB 1943). The object of the action represented by the second vanduo (vandenruoša SMSM 2008; vandentieka RLSTŽ 1992, HS 2008, sandu of the punches of this cognitive propositional model can be both quantities or properties that need to be evaluated, determine their numerical expression. Most of these punches have the second part supported by the transitive verb to measure, e.g.: frekvenciametras STŽ 2002; jėgometras STŽ 2002; kietmatis RLSTŽ 1992, SIŽ 2004; kreivėmetras STŽ 2002; lygmatis SMGT 2014; gylmatis, gylio matuoklė RLKp 1959; ilgiamatis RLSTŽ 1992, STŽ 2002; įlinkiamatis SKb 1989, STŽ 2002; slankų matis RLSTŽ 1992, MavL 2002, SMB 2007, aKTM 2011; slinkinamasis STŽ 2002; storimatis SMd 1992 / stormatis aLKpŽ 1958, STŽ 2002; traukometras RLSTŽ 1992, STŽ 2002. The group of the abundant construction terms also includes compounds, the concept of OBJECT of which is related to specific objects and materials. By combining the concept of OBJECT, which encompasses the subjects in question, with the concept of OBJECTIVITy, various construction terms – mainly names of structural structures, details and machines – are made, e.g.: girder STŽT 1978 / girder carrier Sav 1935; window laying machine MMpK 1988; glass laying machine SSB 1943; glass laying machine SSB 1943; stone chipper SpM 1964; concrete mixer RLKp 1959, STŽ 2002; concrete truck RLSTŽ 1992, aLLa 1993; block truck ST 1992, RLSTŽ 1992; paver RLSTŽ 1992; panel truck Sp 1965; flatbed truck ST 1992; sandstone crushing machine STŽ 2002; rail drill SdKŽ 1940; drill bit RLKp 1959, Sp 1965, RLSTŽ 1992; gravel(a) washer aLLa 1993, STŽ 2002. punches with the first noun sandu saviju action is the opposite – nu- 160 Lina Rutkienė In the 20th – early 21st centuries, the construction terms kognityviniai propoziciniai modeliai stitches were not directed to the external world, but to oneself: self-control RLSTŽ 1992; self-regulation uGp 1997; self-help uGp 1997; self-density STŽ 2002; self-contraction STŽ 2002; self-tension MK 1977; Kognityviniai propoziciniai modeliai self-protection uGp 1997; self-observation RLKp 1959. with both concepts of OBJECT, propositional stitch models can simultaneously include two OBJECTs: one object can be used for another object, one object can be part of another, one object can be made of another object, or both objects can be combined to form a solid material. a large fiber of construction terms stitches are made by actualizing the cognitive propositional model OBJECT 1 – TO BE USED – OBJECT 2. Objects may be related by close relationships, or one object may be used to avoid another object, to repel it. close relationships are much more common, they mean that objects do not eliminate each other, but merge. The object used to repel another object in order to avoid it is represented by the second sand of the punch, and the first sand usually refers to the natural phenomenon that is being protected, e.g.: raincoat ŪTSv 1935; firewall STŽT 1978; sniegatvorė („fence from snow“) SG 1930, aKTa 1995; firewall SdKŽ 1940. Of the objects connected by close relationships, one can also be a natural phenomenon, only the second object is used to collect this natural reality and release it from the structure (smoke pipe SdTSS 1930 / dūmtakis Sp 1965; dūmavamzė dis aLKpŽ 1958, Sp 1965, STŽ 2002; rain pipe SSB 1943, RSd 1962) or, on the contrary, to let it into the structure: šviessangis SEŽ; skylight SSM 1937, SdKŽ 1940, aLKS 1972; organ MMpK 1988; skylight SSB 1943. Other things can also be said by the punches of the linguistic model, whose syntax denotes the objects in close relationship: a smaller object is used for a larger object: kaminakaištis, kaminkaištis STŽT 1962, MavL 2002; staktaramstis STŽ 2002; 1978; skliautatrama SSB 1943; skliautrėmis SGBT 1931; stiklajuostė pK staktajuostė MavL 2002; kluonaraktis STŽT 1978; room, building used for living beings (domestic animals): a sheep shed STŽT 1978; a cow shed STŽT 1978; a pig shed STŽT 1978; a pig shed STŽT 1978; a road shed STŽT 1978; a porcupine shed STŽT 1978; an object used for storing, supplying, forming material: betoninis vamzdis BdT 1976; cementtakas RLSTŽ 1992; alga- 161Terminology | 2021 | 28 pipe STŽ 2020; mortar tray RLSTŽ 1992; plasterboard (board for storing plaster) SSB 1943; masonry chisel TRLT 1949, RLKp 1959, STŽ 2002; plaster shears SSB 1943. Only in close relationships are related the objects marked by the punch-points of the cognitive propositional model OBJECT 1 – TO BE With – OBJECT 2. The stitches of this model identify the building materials, and the stitch pieces indicate their main components. The second syllables of most of the construction terms of the spoken model are based on the international nouns betonas and cementas. The propositional structure and abundance of these punches reflect a cognitive process – concretes – widely used in the construction field artificial structural materials, characterized by excellent properties and possibilities of use – are studied, also improved, combined with other materials in order to obtain a material with even better properties. The first row of the joints in question denotes the object (usually the material) with which the concrete or cement is joined: stone concrete SdKŽ 1940, SMSM 2008; reinforced concrete MGn 1933; iron cement SSB 1943; tar concrete SM 1966, aKTa 1995; resin concrete RLKp 1959; wood concrete RLSTŽ 1992, SIŽ 2004; molybdenum concrete RLKp 1959, CpŽŪ 1969, STŽ 2002, aKTa 1995; sawdust concrete RLSTŽ 1992; fibre cement ŠSdv 2015; ash concrete RLSTŽ 1992, STŽ 2002; reinforced concrete SSB 1943, aLLa 1993, STŽ 2002, SKT 2009; glass concrete SMG 1974, STŽ 2002; sand concrete Sp 1965. Other stitches of this model are not characterized by repetition of sands, e.g.: resin dyes SSB 1943; glass wool SŽd 1939; tar decay SMG 1974; foam SIŽ 2004. In the cognitive propositional model OBJECT 1 – TO BE PARTS – OBJECT 2, constructional realities, which are part of a certain whole, are named by stitches. This whole is usually some building structure, part of a building or the building itself, for example, the term „krūmrąstis“ STŽT 1978 refers to a log of a cottage, the terms „langabalkis“ SSB 1943; „langarės“ SSB 1943 – window beam (beam) and window frame, the terms „laiptasijė“ Sp 1965, SEŽ 1967; „laiptotakis“ TRLT 1949 – stair beam and stairway. The following terms also belong to the group of punching weapons of this model: machine gun MMpK 1988; vault gun SSB 1943 („vault component, member“); 1943; fenceboard SSB 1943; fence SGBT 1931; fenceboarder SSB 1943; fenceboard RLSTŽ 1992. in all the cognitive propositional model under discussion, as in the model OBJECT 1 – TO BE WITH – OBJECT 2, the objects marked by the punch-points are connected by conjunctive relations. 168 Lina Rutkienė 20th – early 21st century construction terms punching kognityviniai propoziciniai modeliai From a cognitive point of view, the part of language can be understood as one of the forms of language that conveys mental content. J. Kubriakova maintains the position that concepts in language “can be objectified not only by specific words, but also by different classes, categories of words” Kaip teigia nikolajus Boldyrevas, pavyzdžiui, erdvinės charakteristikos (Кубрякова 1997: 118). in Indo-European languages are usually expressed by prepositions or other parts of speech that can indicate the variability of these characteristics and dependence on the point of view of the speaker or observer (Болдырев 2006). From the empirical material it is obvious that objectiveness, consistency, the presence of boundaries, stability in time, denoted by a noun, are characteristic of the concepts of the CREATEUR and OBJECT, and thus these concepts are realized by a noun in knitting. The concept of vIETOS is expressed by prepositions or nouns with a place meaning. vThe concept of ACTION is expressed by verbs, and they are characterized by denoting the features of realities related to actions. SPECIALITIES – adjectives or passive participants, denoting characteristic, usually unchanging features of reality, or numerals and adverbs, indicating quantitative characteristics of realities. CONCLUSIONS 518 construction terms stitches were analyzed using the cognitive modeling method and it was found that they were all made by actualizing 16 cognitive propositional models. over 100 years, i.e. from the beginning of the 20th century to the present, cognitive propositional models have remained almost unchanged (there is no longer only the model of PURPOSE – GOAL). It can be argued that, as the construction field develops and its concepts are nominated, the basic structures of recognition and naming of the worldview of this field are basically the same. 2.The concepts forming the cognitive propositional models of the self-explanatory and hybrid construction terms reflect the specificity of the construction field. The focus of this field is on objects, mainly material products of human activity. Thus, the basic concept of OBJECT, naming the realities of construction, is most often updated. Propositional structure with the concept of OBJECT is characteristic of the greatest number of stitches: vEIKSMaS – OBJEKTaS, OBJEKTaS – BYTI BYTIGaI – YPATYBė, OBJEKTaS 1 – BYTi naudojamaM – OBJEKTaS 2, OBJEKTaS 1 – BYTI dalimis – OBJECT 2. 3. Following the cognitive view that language, its units, provide access to knowledge structures, it could be said that cognitive propositions 169Terminology | 2021 | 28 construction realities nomination. The data of ziciniai dūrinių modeliai leidžia bent iš dalies suprasti, kaip vyko (vyksta) the survey show that this nomination is distinguished. dažniausiai vyksta atpažįstant ir apmąstant objektus, nurodant, kokiems kitiems objektams, kokiems tikslams, kokiu laiku jie naudojami, kokiais santykiais jie susiję su kitais objektais, kokiais skiriamaisiais požymiais Quite often, when performing the nomination of construction realities, the concept of vEIKSMO is updated, it is specified what action is performed with the object, the method of performing the action, the purpose and the result are stated. TIME, vEIKėJO, vIETOS, TIKSLO ir REZuLTaTO konceptai statybos sričiai mažiau aktualūs. Cognitive propositional models are realized in language by certain types of rationality, and concepts – by certain parts of language that convey the characteristic features of the concept. SOURCES aKTa – Explanatory Dictionary of Motor Road Terms, ed. 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Степанов Юрий 2016: В трехмерном пространстве языка. Семиотические проблемы лингвистики, философии, искусства, Москва: Ленанд. COgNItIvE PROPOSItIONAl MODElS Of COMPOuNDS IN CONStRuCtION tERMINOlOgY IN the 20th – 21st centuries Summary The linguistic representation of the cognitive structures studied by cognitive linguistics, which focuses on the relationship between language and mind, changes the attitude towards compounds. From the cognitive perspective, compounds are viewed as special language units, in which we can see the relation between concepts. Compounding may be studied in the framework of the propositional theory by asserting that the knowledge of propositional nature correlates with the compound’s onomasiological structure. The article studies indigenous and hybrid construction terminology compounds of the early 20th – 21st centuries from the scientific literature on construction of the aforesaid period using the cognitive modelling method. The aim of the article is to identify the cognitive propositional models of these compounds, which may serve as the grounds for the nomination of construction concepts. To achieve this aim, the theoretical viewpoints pertaining to cognitive propositional models are discussed; the basic concepts expressed by the components of compounds are identified; it is evaluated with which other concepts they may form the cognitive propositional models of construction terminology compounds. The study investigates the word-formation types followed in the actualization of these models. The analysis of the empirical data revealed that compound construction terms are coined on the basis of 16 cognitive propositional models. The concepts comprising these models reflect the specificities of the field of construction. Objects, usually material man-made products, are in the centre of the construction field. Hence, in nom- 173Terminologija | 2021 | 28 inating construction realities, the basic concept of the OBJECT is actualized most often. Most compounds feature the threefold propositional structure: aCTIOn – OBJECT (sklypas TRLT 1949, RLKp 1959; dujopūtė SMGT 2014; lietmatis RLSTŽ 1992), OBJECT – TO BE CHaRaCTERISTIC OF – FEaTuRE (skerstakis aLKS 1972; stačiaplytė STŽ 2002; statvamzdis Sp 1965) and OBJECT 1 – TO BE uSEd FOR – OBJECT 2 (dūmatakis SdTSS 1930; kluonaraktis STŽT 1978; švieslangis SSM 1937), OBJECT 1 – TO BE a paRT OF – OBJECT 2 (kluonrąstis STŽT 1978; langabalkis SSB 1943; skliautarkė SSB 1943). as revealed by the latter two models, the concept of the OBJECT may also enter into a propositional structure with the concept of another OBJECT. There are more models of this type: OBJECT 1 – TO BE WITH – OBJECT 2 (iron-beton MGn 1933; iron-cement SSB 1943; coal-beton SM 1966), OBJECT 1 – TO BE MADE OF – OBJECT 2 (cork brick SSB 1943; chipboard dS 1960; metal mesh SSB 1943). By joining the concept of the pLaCE, the concept of the OBJECT creates the propositional model OBJECT – TO BE – pLaCE (laiptavietė SSB 1943; tarpatramis GSTZ 2009; tarpduris MTpM 1976; viršduris RLKp 1959); while, by joining the concept of the puRpOSE, it makes up the cognitive propositional model OBJECT – TO BE uSEd FOR – puRpOSE (dailoblis Sav 1935; slopiamedžiagės SSB 1943; slopiaplytė SSB 1943). In rare cases, the nomination of construction concepts resorts to the cognitive propositional models OBJECT – TO BE – STaTE OF MATTER (cementmilčiai RLSTŽ 1992; klintmilčiai RLSTŽ 1992; medmilčiai SSB 1943, RLSTŽ 1992) and OBJECT – TO BE uSEd FOR – TIME (vasarlangis SSB 1943; vasarnamis aLLa 1993; žiemlangis SSB 1943). The concept of the aCTIOn may not only form the propositional models with the concept of the OBJECT but also the MannER (savitaka RLSTŽ 1992; savieiga aLKpŽ 1958), the RESuLT (dujodaras SMu 2006; porodaris BaBJ 2006; putodaris StM 2012), the puRpOSE (slopiaklotis SSB 1943; slopiakabis SSB 1943), the pLaCE (šondėlis SSB 1943; aukštalipys Sp 1965), the aGEnT (lietlašė MMpK 1988; vandentekis MGn 1933). The concept of the aGEnT plays a role in two more cognitive propositional models of construction terminology compounds: aGEnT (non-living) – aCTIOn – OBJECT (žaibginėjis ŽG 1900; perkūnsargis SBTĮ 1922) and aGEnT (living) – aCTIOn – MannER (šaltkalvis SdTSS 1930, SdKŽ 1940; elektrosuvirintojas aSŠ 1969). In the analysis of the cognitive propositional models of compounds in construction terminology, their connection with word-formation types and parts of speech should be highlighted: each model corresponds to a certain word-formation type or several of them, whereas every concept is expressed by a certain part of speech or several parts of speech. The research revealed that over the last century, i.e. from the beginning of the 20th century until now, cognitive propositional models have remained virtually unchanged (only the model aCTIOn – puRpOSE is no longer in use). It can be pointed out that with the development of the field of construction and the nomination of its concepts, the principal structures underlying the recognition and designation of the field of construction stay largely the same. Following the cognitive approach according to 174 Lina Rutkienė XX a. – XXI a. pr. statybos terminų dūrinių which language and its units kognityviniai propoziciniai modeliai grant access to cognitive structures, we could state that flecting upon the objects, the cognitive propositional models of compounds enable us to comprehend, at least in part, how the nomination of construction realities actually took place (takes place). The research data show that this nomination usually occurs by recognizing and respecifying for which other objects, for what purposes and at what time they are used, what their relationships with other objects and their distinguishing features are. Retrieved 2021-09-25 Lina Rutkienė Lietuvių kalbos institutas p. vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 vilnius E-mail lina.r[email protected]