Elektroninio „Lietuvių kalbos žodyno“ naujovės

GERTRŪDA NAKTINIENĖ Institute of the Lithuanian Language NOVELTIES IN THE ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE KEYWORDS: lexicon, dictionary, electronic version, corrections, additions, usage, standardization. One of the most important works in Lithuanian philology, the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, continues at the Institute of the Lithuanian Language’s Lexicography Centre. The electronic version of this dictionary, freely available to the public since June 22, 2005, at www.lkz.lt, has many readers. It receives both positive reviews and comments and requests. The dictionary is being revised, and new ways of presenting the lexicon that are clearer and more convenient for readers are being sought. THE FIRST ELECTRONIC VERSION OF THE DICTIONARY OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE ONLINE The printed twenty-volume Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (hereafter LKŽ) was compiled over seven decades: the principles of dictionary compilation and editing changed, and spelling and punctuation reforms took place. Therefore, in preparing the first electronic edition, the texts were edited and adapted. Since many specific examples of corrections to the LKŽ have already been discussed and presented (Naktinienė 2005: 191–204; Zabarskaitė, Naktinienė, Šepetytė–Petrokienė 2006: 241–247), here we will summarize only the main directions of the first edition’s corrections. Compared with the printed original, the first electronic edition differs in the following main respects: Words and forms from dialects and old writings were corrected in accordance with the latest results of linguistic research. Entries for words transposed incorrectly were removed; their illustrative examples were corrected and transferred to the entries for the corresponding words. 92 KALBOS KULTŪRA | 85 Sources with and without stress are distinguished more consistently, and obvious stress-marking errors have been corrected. Variant cross-references and words used in definitions of meanings that are now regarded as language errors have been corrected. The Soviet-era evaluative language found in some word definitions has been removed. Abbreviations have been standardized to match their presentation in the most recent volumes of the LKŽ. New abbreviations have been introduced: sov. (= Soviet-era realia, Sovietism); dk. (= a dialect word form adapted to contemporary language). New headwords include words found in illustrative examples in later volumes that, when earlier volumes were being prepared, had not yet been entered in the card file or had been omitted by mistake. The spelling and punctuation of the texts in LKŽ volumes I–X have been revised in accordance with the rules currently in force. The presentation of phraseological units has been standardized. Taking into account the specific features of preparing an electronic edition, matters relating to lexicographic presentation and form (symbols, fonts) were adapted, and some inconsistencies in the structure of lexicographic entries and the arrangement of data were corrected. The first complete electronic edition of the Lithuanian Language Dictionary was created by Vytautas Zinkevičius, who developed software for the automatic recognition of structural elements in LKŽ texts and their conversion into internal data structures (Zinkevičius 2004, 2007), and Evaldas Ožeraitis, who developed programs for entering data into the LKŽ database, managing it, searching for information, and presenting it to users. Many people appreciate and value this dictionary and its electronic version. However, as can be seen from the comments posted in the e LKŽ website’s Opinions section, questions asked during dictionary presentations, telephone calls, letters, and personal conversations, dictionary users also encounter difficulties. The dictionary’s structure is so complex and its data so abundant and varied that non-philologist readers often find the information difficult to understand, and lack the ability to use the diverse, multifaceted data of the LKŽe. Correspondence with website visitors in the virtual space involves a certain degree of dialogue, educational activity, and popularization of science. At the same time, information is gathered about dictionary presentation methods that cause difficulties. The functioning of the LKŽe on the website and feedback from its visitors have already been discussed in some publications (see Naktinienė 2006; Забарскайтэ, Накцінене 2007). G. NAKTINIENĖ. Elektroninio Lietuvių kalbos žodyno naujovės 93 UPDATED ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE VERSION ONLINE The updated version was published in February 2008—the dictionary was adjusted so that accented letters would display correctly in various browsers. Inaccuracies noted by the dictionary editors and website visitors were corrected. The booklet Language Advice, Lexis: The Use of Loanwords (Foreignisms and International Words) (KP4 2005), and other recent theoretical and language-practice publications were consulted. The normative status assigned to headwords was revised, for example: bukietas, dynė (also the variants dynia, dynis, dynys), etc., are now marked with x, indicating that these words are not recommended for standard language. On the basis of the data available, the ranking of stress variants was revised, for example: cinãmonas (1), cinamõnas (2), cinamōnas (2) was changed to cinamònas (2), cinãmonas (1), cinamõnas (2) (see Fig. 1). FIG. 1. Entry for the noun cinamònas and its stress variants in the updated (2008) version of the electronic Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language While preparing the updated version of the dictionary, work also began on creating the National Lexical Database (Zabarskaitė 2007; Zabarskaitė, Naktinienė 2010), a tool for dividing the dictionary text into structural parts—preparations were thus being made for new technical improvements to the second electronic edition. DICTIONARY OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE SECOND ELECTRONIC EDITION This year, the second electronic edition of the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (LKŽ2e) was prepared; it will be distributed on a USB flash drive. In it, as far as possible, account is taken of the stress recommendations adopted by the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language 94 KALBOS KULTŪRA | 85 and recommendations on evaluating loanwords, the comments on doubtful cases of transposition published in Vytautas Vitkauskas’s book “Corrections to the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language” (2006) and in his article “Additional Corrections to the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language” (2010), as well as other new theoretical works and works intended for practical language use. The editors of LKŽ₂ₑ benefited from specific comments on the dictionary text by Jonas Šukys, Klementina Vosylyte, Violeta Černiūtė, other colleagues, and visitors to the website www.lkz.lt. In preparing the second electronic edition, the texts in the updated version of its first edition (2008) were revised in the following main respects: The texts of volumes XVI–XX, which had been regarded in the first edition as a model for standardizing the texts of all dictionary volumes, were additionally edited. Editorial and proofreading corrections were made to the texts of all the other volumes, rectifying the inaccuracies identified. Insofar as the complex structure of this dictionary allows, the findings of new theoretical and prescriptive works were taken into account. New entries were written for examples found in entries for other words or in definitions, although separate entries for them had not previously been formulated because the relevant data were not yet available in the card index when the corresponding volumes were being compiled. However, this extensive work has not yet been supplemented with data from the additions card index or new sources. Using data in the main card index of LKŽ, entries were written for words formed in colloquial folk speech on the basis of foreignisms, such as skrebas, skribas, stribas, stribitelis, stribokas, and so on. They could not have been published when the relevant LKŽ volumes were being compiled (XI 1978; XII 1981; XIII 1984), since the words themselves and the sentences illustrating their use attest to the tragic events of the postwar years and express an evaluation contrary to that conveyed by the phrase people’s defender, officially used during the Soviet period. For example: strìbas, -ė noun (2) DŽ², (4); K.Saj, rš colloq. an armed auxiliary of the Soviet militia, 1944–1954: The stribai dress up as forest partisans, those stribai—one can’t tell which ones are going where or what they want Sdb. The forest partisans showed the stribai no mercy; they laid them out like logs sp. ^ Why are you running around like a strìbas? Švn. You come, children, when the stribai do: quickly, quickly, there’s no time, let’s go! Jd. If it weren’t for the stribūkai, the forest partisans would have come into town too Mžš. (LKŽ₂ₑ) G. NAKTININĖ. Elektroninio Lietuvių kalbos žodyno naujovės 95 stribitelis (Russian истребитель) noun (1), colloq. stribas: One late evening, a stribitelis came again and told me to go with him Plšk. The next night, stribiteliai surrounded the house and searched for forest fighters Plšk. There were bandits, having barricaded themselves, because then the stribiteliai came straight away Plt. All those stribiteliai ran off there across the meadows Šts. (LKŽ₂ₑ) stribōkas noun (2), Plt, Žg, colloq. stribas: The stribōkai discovered the forest fighters’ hideout Krtn. It is not much of a walk for stribōkai through the gardens now Slnt. The two of us got a beating from those stribōkai, you know Jdr. They drove (deported) people around, did devilish things—how many stribōkai were there! Krš. (LKŽ₂ₑ) Separate paragraphs distinguish not only word meanings, but also shades of meaning, minor folklore, phraseological units, and words presented in bold within entries. The dictionary’s search lists and those for individual entries have additionally been expanded to include the main variants of phraseological units, neuter forms of adjectives, adverbs given in adjective and verb entries, and so on. For example, the search list additionally includes the neuter form mėlyna, the adverbs mėlynai, mėlynyn, the phraseological units mėlynos dienos ‘about a difficult life’, mėlynas kraujas ‘about a person of noble birth’, mėlynasis spaugas ‘hell’s scab (a disease of horses)’, and the principal variant of the phraseological unit mėlynasis akmuo (akmenėlis, kūlelis, kūlis), mėlynasis akmuo ‘copper sulfate’ (see Fig. 2). In addition, after correcting a transposition error, the misplaced sentences Mėlenai žydi (Salantai, Kretinga District), Mėlenai prirūkyta troba (Šatės, Skuodas District) were moved from the entry mėlynas to their proper entry, mėlenas. Additional explanatory words and phraseological units in the search lists are marked with a superscript plus sign. This helps distinguish additional homonyms (also homographs and homoforms) that arise in these lists but are not numbered in the dictionary. For example, the plural noun baltai—báltai‘one of the branches of the Indo-European peoples—Lithuanians, Latvians, Prussians, etc.’—and baltai+, the adverb baltai, is listed in the adjective entry báltas. Dictionary entries can be searched using two search modes: simple search (by word or phrase) and advanced search (by queries—specific sequences of letters and wildcard symbols). Various data (abbreviations, unaccented words and phrases) can be searched within an opened dictionary entry, which is very useful when reviewing long entries for widely used words. Hovering the mouse pointer over abbreviations and symbols in the dictionary text displays their explanations. The abbreviation lists were adapted for this purpose by Gertrūda Naktinienė and Zita Šimėnaitė. Hovering over the main structural parts of a dictionary entry displays their names: homonym number, head- 96 KALBOS KULTŪRA | 85 FIG. 2. Search result for the adverb mėlynai—the part of the adjective entry mėlynas containing this adverb, in the second electronic edition of the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language word, subentry, accentuation, number of meaning group, meaning number, definition, shade of meaning, minor folklore, phraseological units, and so on. Various other improvements have been introduced to make the dictionary quicker and more convenient to use; for example, selecting the relevant menu item builds a list of viewed words, the dictionary entry text can be enlarged or reduced, and Lithuanian letters can be entered without switching the keyboard layout. The dictionary program runs on the Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems. The second edition was edited by Ona Kažukauskaitė, Gertrūda Naktinienė, Ritutė Petrokienė, Lijana Puzinienė, Vilija Ragaišienė, Zita Šimėnaitė and Angelė Vilutytė. Scientific consultant: Vytautas Vitkauskas. The dictionary texts were processed on computer by Dana Stakienė. Linas Valiukas created the electronic version of the dictionary. Evaldas Ožeraitis and Vytautas Zinkevičius digitized and structured the data. In addition to the dictionary itself, the USB drive contains a fairly comprehensive illustrated guide, whose description of the dictionary was prepared by Gertrūda Naktinienė and description of the program by Linas Valiukas. G. NAKTINIENĖ. Elektroninio Lietuvių kalbos žodyno naujovės 97 SUPPLEMENTS TO THE ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE Lietuvių kalbos žodyno (t. I–XX, 1941–2002) elektroninis variantas yra pagrindinis lietuvių kalbos tezauras, įvairiausios leksikos lobynas, apimantis apie 1000 šaltinių pavyzdžius: nuo XVI a. rašytinių šaltinių ir tarminės leksikos, sistemingai kauptos nuo 1902 iki 2002 m. (apie LKŽ šaltinius išsamiau žr. Шыменайтэ 2007; Šimenaitė 2010; Šimenaitė, Zabarskaitė 2011). Spausdintinis šio žodyno variantas buvo parengtas naudojantis 4,5 mln. vienetų kartoteka, tačiau palaipsniui sukaupta 0,5 mln. vienetų papildymų kartoteka dar nepanaudota. Tokio tipo žodynai, koks yra 1941–2002 m. paskelbtas Lietuvių kalbos žodynas, yra nebaigtiniai, jie nuolat pildomi, koreguojami, peržiūrimi (plg. Simpson 2009: 46). Atskirų žodyno tomai buvo rengiami įvairiais laikotarpiais: keitėsi vyriausieji redaktoriai, kito politinės aplinkybės, visuomenės požiūris į kalbą ir jos vertybės. The public is very interested in supplements to the LKŽ; visitors to the website miss various words that had not yet become widespread, or for which sufficient usage data had not been collected, when the corresponding volumes were compiled. The Centre for Lexicography is currently participating in the Long-Term Institutional Research and Experimental (Social and Cultural) Development Programme, and one of its most important tasks is to prepare supplements to the electronic version of the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language. This can be done only after carefully assessing the completeness of the lexical data in the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language and its electronic version. The main problem is that, in compiling new volumes of the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, data from newly published sources and continuously expanded card files were used, so the lexical coverage and source coverage of the earlier and later volumes differ considerably (Забарскайте, Нактинене, Шяпятите 2005: 340–355). For instance, the entries under the letter G (vol. III, 1956) contain no dialect-dictionary vocabulary, because the first dialect dictionary was not published until 1976. Data for the supplements card file (about 0.5 million items) were collected after the corresponding volumes had already been published. We now have newly published and assessed historical sources (dictionaries by Konstantinas Sirvydas, Jokūbas Brodovskis, Laurynas Ivinskis, and others; Bibles by Jonas Bretkūnas, Mikalojus Daukša, and Samuelis Chylinskis; the Wolfenbüttel Postil; hymnals by Danielius Kleinas, etc.), as well as the compiled Dictionary of the Writings of Martynas Mažvydas (Urbas 1996), the Selective Dictionary of Lithuanian Writings of the 16th–17th Centuries (Palionis 2004), and the constantly updated Database of Old Writings, [email protected]/seniejirastai. The presentation of vocabulary from K. Sirvydas’s dictionaries in the comprehensive Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language is being analyzed (Naktinienė 2012: 14); research has established that the source for the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėža’s botanical work Taislius augyminis, is accent-marked (Šepetytė 2009: 50). A card file for the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language is being created 98 KALBOS KULTŪRA | 85 the database, the concept for supplementing the electronic version, research into the sources of LKŽ, the inventorying of their data (Naktinienė 2009: 32–34), and other preparatory work. Jolanta Zabarskaitė (2010: 126–143) has begun to update Lithuanian ethnolinguistic data and reconstruct the national worldview on the basis of the texts of Lietuvių kalbos žodyno. It is also necessary to continue collecting Lithuanian vocabulary and studying the lexicographic heritage (the Lithuanian vocabulary in the dictionaries of Laurynas Ivinskis and Frydrichas Kuršaitis), and to use the research results to supplement the electronic version of LKŽ. The complex structure and data of Lietuvių kalbos žodyno and its card files require specialized training, experience, and knowledge of their history and specific features; it is therefore very important to ensure the continuity of the study and collection of the card files, as well as of the lexicographic school of Lietuvių kalbos žodyno. CONCLUDING REMARKS At this stage of the work, it has not been possible to accommodate some requests from users of the electronic version of Lietuvių kalbos žodyno, such as providing detailed etymologies of loanwords; including more contemporary words (especially international ones) and more loanwords from a particular language; improving searches for reflexive verbs and their nominal derivatives; providing definitions of meanings instead of cross-references; and including personal names and surnames, together with explanations of their origins, and so on. It is hoped that some readers’ needs will be met by the supplements to this dictionary. The most recent vocabulary, which came into use after 2000, will be available in the Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian, currently being prepared for publication by the Center of Lexicography of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language: Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne. ŠALTINIAI LKŽ – Lietuvių kalbos žodynas I–XX. Ats./vyr. red. J. Balčikonis, J. Kruopas, K. Ulvydas, V. Vitkauskas. Vilnius, 1941–2002. LKŽe – Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (t. I–XX, 1941–2002): elektroninis leidimas. Red. kolegija: G. Naktinienė (vyr. red.), J. Paulauskas, R. Petrokienė, V. Vitkauskas, J. Zabarskaitė. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2005. [Atnaujinta versija, 2008.] Prieiga per internetą: <www.lkz.lt>. LKŽ2e – Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (t. I–XX, 1941–2002): antras elektroninis leidimas. Red. kolegija: G. Naktinienė (vyr. red.), †J. Paulauskas, R. Petrokienė, Z. Šimėnaitė, †V. Vitkauskas, J. Zabarskaitė. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas. [Rengiama.] G. NAKTINIENĖ. Elektroninio Lietuvių kalbos žodyno naujovės 99 LITERATŪRA KP4: Kalbos patarimai 4: Leksika: skolinių vartojimas (svetimybės, tarptautiniai žodžiai). Autorė ir sudarytoja D. Mikulėnienė. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2005. Naktinienė G. 2005: „Lietuvių kalbos žodyno“ taisymai elektroniniame variante. – Kalbos kultūra 78, 191–204. Naktinienė G. 2006: Naujas „Lietuvių kalbos žodyno“ gyvenimas. – Gimtoji kalba 7, 11–15. Naktinienė G. 2009: „Lietuvių kalbos žodynas“ XXI amžiuje. – Nuo Konstantino Sirvydo iki didžiojo žodyno. Tarptautinės mokslinės konferencijos pranešimų tezės. Vilnius, 2009 m. lapkričio 19–20 d., 32–34. Naktinienė G. 2012: Konstantino Sirvydo žodynų leksika didžiajame „Lietuvių kalbos žodyne“. – Tarptautinė mokslo konferencija „Konstantinas Sirvydas – lietuvių leksikografijos pradininkas“. Pranešimų tezės. Vilnius, 2012 m. gegužės 10–11 d., 14. Prieiga per internetą: <http://www.lki.lt/LKI_LT/images/Naujienos/20120503%20K%20Sirvydo%20konf%20tezes.pdf> (žiūrėta 2012 m. gruodžio mėn.). Palionis J. 2004: XVI–XVII a. lietuviškų raštų atrankinis žodynas, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. Simpson J. 2009: The story of the Oxford English Dictionary today. – Nuo Konstantino Sirvydo iki didžiojo žodyno. Tarptautinės mokslinės konferencijos pranešimų tezės. Vilnius, 2009 m. lapkričio 19–20 d., 46. Šepetytė R. 2009: Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos Taislius augyminis – kirčiuotas Lietuvių kalbos žodyno šaltinis. – Nuo Konstantino Sirvydo iki didžiojo žodyno. Tarptautinės mokslinės konferencijos pranešimų tezės. Vilnius, 2009 m. lapkričio 19–20 d., 50. Šimėnaitė Z. 2010: Lietuvių ir lenkų leksikografijos sąsajos [Związki leksykografii polskiej i litewskiej.] – Językowe i kulturowe dziedzictwo Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego, 158–166. Urbas D. 1996: Martyno Mažvydo raštų žodynas, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. Vitkauskas V. 2006: „Lietuvių kalbos žodyno“ taisymai, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas. Vitkauskas V. 2010: Papildomi „Lietuvių kalbos žodyno“ taisymai. – Leksikografija ir leksikologija 2. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 114–122. Zabarskaitė J., Naktinienė G., Šepetytė-Petrokienė R. 2006: Elektroninio Lietuvių kalbos žodyno (t. I–XX) pirmasis leidimas. – Prace 100 KALBOS KULTŪRA | 85 Baltystyczne 3: Język, Literatura, Kultura / red. N. Birgiel, M. Kozak; rec. J. Banczerowski, J. Linde. Warszawa, 241–247. Z a b a r s k a i t ė J. 2007: Prameny a databáze Institutu pro litevský jazyk. – Europeica – Slavica – Baltica. Publikace slovanské knihovny, 56. Praha: Národní knihovna České republiky, Slovanská knihovna, 261–272. Z a b a r s k a i t ė J. 2010: Politinis pasaulėvaizdis didžia jame Lietuvių kalbos žodyne (valstybė, įstatymas, valdžia). – Parlamento studijos 9, 126–143. Prieiga per internetą: <http://www.parlamentostudijos.lt/Nr9/9_kalba_1.htm.> (žiūrėta 2012 m. gruodžio mėn.). Z a b a r s k a i t ė J., N a k t i n i e n ė G. 2010: The Dictionary of Lithuanian (LKŽ) and its Future in Databases and Electronic Versions. – Proceedings of the XIV Euralex International Congress (Leewarden, 6–10 July 2010) / Anne Dykstra and Tanneke Schoonheim (eds.). Ljouwert: Fryske Akademy-Afûk, 2010 [CD], 780–787. Prieiga per internetą: <http://www.euralex.org/elx_proceedings/Euralex2010/000_Euralex_2010_00_PRINTED_BOOK_Foreword_TOC_PlenaryLectures_Abstracts.pdf> (žiūrėta 2012 m. gruodžio mėn.). Z i n k e v i č i u s V. 2004: Creating the Electronic Version of the Dictionary of Lithuanian. – The First Baltic Conference. Human Language Technologies. The Baltic Perspective. Riga, April 21–22, 170–173. Z i n k e v i č i u s V. 2007: The Digitization of the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language. – The Third Baltic Conference on Human Language Technologies. Kaunas, October 4–5, 349–355. З а б а р с к а й т е Й., Н а к т и н е н е Г., Ш я п я т и т е Р. 2005: Современность и перспективы большого «Словаря литовского языка». – Исторический путь литовской письменности. Вильнюс: Институт литовского языка, 340–355. З а б а р с к а й т э Й., Н а к ц і н е н е Г. 2007: Слоўнікі ў Інтэрнеце: дыялог мовазнаўцы і носьбіта мовы. – Слово и словарь: Vocabulum et vocabularium. Сборник научных трудов по лексикографии. Ответственные редакторы: Л. В. Рычкова, В. Л. Воронович. Гродно, 32–34. Ш и м е н а й т е З., З а б а р с к а й т е Й. 2011: Лексикографические источники большого Словаря литовского языка и Альбертина. – Культурное наследие Восточной Пруссии 1. Калининград, 46–67. Ш ы м е н а й т э З. 2007: Лексікаграфічныя крыніцы вялікага «Слоўніка літоўскай мовы». – Слово и словарь: Vocabulum et vocabularium. Сборник научных трудов по лексикографии. Ответственные редакторы: Л. В. Рычкова, В. Л. Воронович. Гродно, 23–24. Gauta 2012 12 21 G. NAKTINIENĖ. Elektroninio Lietuvių kalbos žodyno naujovės 101 INOVATIONS IN THE ELECTRONIC VERSION OF LIETUVIŲ KALBOS ŽODYNAS (DICTIONARY OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE) Summary The Centre of Lexicography at the Institute of the Lithuanian Language is continuing one of the most important works of Lithuanian philology – Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language). Electronic version of this dictionary has been freely accessible from 22 June 2005 at www.lkz.lt. In 2008 the renewed version was launched. In 2012 the second revised electronic edition of Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (LKŽ2e) was prepared for publishing. It will be available on memory key. During the preparation of the second edition, texts of the version from 2008 were revised in the following respects: more editing was done on the material of volumes 16–20, some corrections were made to the whole text, suggestions of the new theoretical and codifying works were taken into consideration as well as comments and observations of colleagues and visitors of the web site. Some new entries were compiled for words which were used in entries or definitions, but did not have separate entries themselves. So far this dictionary has not been supplemented with data from new sources. The newest lexis will be available in Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas (Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian) the preparation of which is nearly completed. The main variants of phraseologisms, neuter gender of adjectives, adverbs presented in the entries of verbs and adjectives are among things included in the search lists. Dictionary entries can be searched using simple search (word or phrase) and advanced search (sequences consisting of letters and wildcards). The software of the dictionary works with Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. At present the Centre of Lexicography is participating in Ilgalaikė institucinės mokslinių tyrimų ir eksperimentinės (socialinės, kultūrinės) plėtros programa (Long-term institutional programme for scientific research and experimental (social and cultural) development) and one of the main tasks of the Centre is to prepare the amendments of electronic version of Lietuvių kalbos žodynas using card files (about half of a million of records), database of amendments, newly published and evaluated historical sources. KEYWORDS: lexis, dictionary, electronic version, corrections, amendments, usage, codification. GERTRŪDA NAKTINIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius [email protected] 102 KALBOS KULTŪRA | 85