Elektroninio „Lietuvių kalbos žodyno“ naujovės

92 Languages and Culture | 85 GERTRŪDA NAKTINIENĖ Lithuanian Language Institute ELECTRONINIo LIETUVIŲ KALBOS ŽODYNO New KEY WORDS: lexicon, dictionary, electronic version, corrections, additions, usage, standardization. One of the most important works of Lithuanian philology – the Lithuanian Language Dictionary – is being continued at the Lithuanian Language Institute’s Centre for Lexicography. The electronic version of this dictionary, freely available to the public since 22 June 2005 at www.lkz.lt, has many readers. It receives both positive assessments and comments and requests. The vocabulary is being refined, new, clearer and more convenient ways of presenting the vocabulary are being sought. The twenty-volume printed Lithuanian language dictionary (hereinafter – lKŽ) was prepared for seven decades: the principles of compiling and editing the dictionary changed, spelling and punctuation reform took place. therefore, the texts were edited and adapted during the preparation of the first electronic edition. Since there has already been written about the amendments of the first edition of the LC and given a number of concrete examples (Naktinienė 2005: 191–204; Zabarskaitė, Naktinienė, Šepetytė-Petrokienė 2006: 241– 247), here we will summarize only the most important directions of the amendments of the first edition. The first electronic edition differs from the original book in the following main aspects: • words and their forms in dialects and old writings are corrected according to the latest results of linguistic research. • Articles with incorrectly transposed words have been deleted, their illustrative examples have been corrected and moved to the articles of the corresponding words. G. Naktiniene. New features of the electronic Lithuanian language dictionary 93 • More consistent separation of pronounced and unpronounced sources, obvious spelling errors corrected. • Fixed variant references and words used in definitions of values that are now considered language errors. • abandoned the Soviet evaluation in the definitions of some words. • abbreviations are harmonized according to their presentation in the last volumes of lKŽ. New abbreviations introduced: sov. (= Soviet reality, Sovietism); dk. (= gender of dialect adapted to the current language). • As new heading words are presented words that were present in the illustrative examples of later volumes, but were not yet present in the library or were not added by mistake during the preparation of previous volumes. • The spelling and punctuation of the texts of volumes I–X of the KŽ has been rearranged according to the current rules. • unified presentation of phraseologisms. • taking into account the peculiarities of the electronic publication preparation, the lexicographic presentation and form (signs, fonts) were adapted, some occurring inconsistencies in the structure of lexicographic articles and data layout were corrected. Vytautas Zinkevičius developed the electronic version of the first complete edition of the Lithuanian language dictionary – software for automatic recognition of the structural elements of the Lithuanian language dictionary texts and their conversion into internal data structures (Zinkevičius 2004, 2007) and Evaldas ožeraitis – software for filling the Lithuanian language dictionary database, its management, information retrieval and presentation to users. Many people enjoy and appreciate this dictionary and its electronic version. However, as can be seen from the feedback written in the Opinions section of the lKŽe website, from the questions posed during the dictionary presentations, from phone calls, letters and personal conversations, the dictionary users also encounter difficulties. The structure of the dictionary is so complex, the data so abundant and varied, that it is often difficult for non-philologist readers to understand the information, lacking the ability to use the diverse, multifaceted data of the LKS. In the virtual space, correspondence with the visitors of the site takes place a certain dialogue, educational activities are carried out, science popularization work is carried out. In addition, information is collected about difficult vocabulary presentation methods. Some publications have already written about the functioning of lKŽ on the website and the feedback with its visitors (see Naktinienė 2006; Забарскай тэ, Накцiнене 2007). 94 Languages Culture | 85 updated eBooks The updated version of the LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE DICTIONARY was published in February 2008 – the dictionary has been adjusted to correctly display the pronounced letters in various browsers. correct inaccuracies noticed by the dictionary editors and site visitors. The language guidebook Lexika: Borrowings (foreign words, international words) (KP4 2005) and other new theoretical and practical works were used. The evaluation of the normativity of heading words was adjusted, for example: bukietas, dynė (e.g. variants dynia, dynis, dynys) and so on are now marked with a x, which means that these words are not suitable for common language. Based on the available data, the suggestion of the priority of the pronunciation variants was revised, for example: cinãmonas (1), ci namò nas (2), cinamõnas (2) was replaced by cinamònas (2), cinãmonas (1), ci namõ nas (2) (see Figure 1). 1 PaV. The article of the noun cinamònas and its variants of pronunciation in the updated version of the electronic Lithuanian language dictionary (2008) The preparation of the updated version of the dictionary was initiated in conjunction with the National Lexical Database (Zabarskaitė 2007; Zabarskaitė, Naktinienė 2010), the means of dividing the text of the dictionary into structural parts – this was the preparation for new technical improvements of the second electronic edition. LIETUVIŲ KALBOS ŽODYNO This year, the second electronic edition of the Lithuanian language dictionary (lKŽ2e) has been prepared and will be distributed as a flash drive. It takes into account, as far as possible, the pronunciation rules adopted by the State Lithuanian Language Commission G. Naktiniene. 95 of the Electronic Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language and the recommendations for the evaluation of borrowed words, Vytautas Vitkauskas’s book “Lietuvių kalbos žodyno” pataisymai (2006) and his article “Papildomi „Lietuvių kalbos žodyno“ pataisymai” (2010) commentaries on doubtful cases of transposition, other new theoretical and linguistic practice works. The organizers of lKŽ2e were helped by specific comments on the text of the dictionary by Jon Šukis, Klementina Vosylytė, Violeta Černiutė, other colleagues, and visitors of the website www.lkz.lt. The second electronic edition of the first edition (2008) has been revised in the following key areas: • Additionally edited texts of volumes XVI-XX, which in the first edition were considered as a kind of example of uniformization of texts of all volumes of the dictionary. • editorial and proofreading corrections have been made in the texts of all other volumes – corrected inaccuracies. • As far as the complex structure of this dictionary allows, the conclusions of new theoretical and normative works have been taken into account. New articles were written, examples of which were found in articles or definitions of other words, but individual articles for them were not previously formulated, because their data were not yet available in the database when preparing the respective volumes. However, according to the catalog of additions or new sources, this huge work has not been completed yet. Using the data in the main database of the LKP, articles on such words as skrebas, skribas, stribas, stribitelis, stribokas, etc., which were formed on the basis of foreignness in the spoken folk language, were written. During the preparation of the respective volumes of the LKP (XI 1978; XII 1981; XIII 1984) they could not have been published, because the words themselves and the sentences illustrating their use bear witness to the tragic events of the post-war years and express an evaluation contrary to that which is characteristic of the word combination people’s defender officially used in the Soviet era. For example: strvbas, -ė smob. (2) DŽ2, (4); K.saj, armed helper of the Soviet militia 1944-1954: stribaj foresters parsirengia, those ve stribaas, – you will not understand, neither katrie where they go, neither what they want sdb. The woodpeckers did not spare the forests, laid them out as firewood sp. What are you doing here? Svn. you come, children, when you cry: fast fast, no time, let's go! Jd. If it were not for the stribùkai, the foresters would have come to the town. (lKŽ2e) 96 Languages Culture | 85 stribāttelis (Russian: иcтpeбитeль) sm. (1) šnek. stribas: Once in the evening a little man came late and told me to go with him Plšk. The second night stribteteliai settled the house and looked for hunters Plšk. They were bandits, and they stayed, but later they became stribiteliai Plt. All those stupid people ran out there in the meadows. (lKŽ2e) stribîkas sm. (2) Plt, See šnek. stribas: stribõkai discovered the foresters' secret Krtn. I don't want to walk around the garden now. We got the lead from those tatai stribõks and lupas, and our battle Jdr. People were driving, they were working – how many stribõks there [were]! Break. (lKŽ2e) separate paragraphs not only distinguish the meanings of words, but also the nuances of meanings, small folklore, phraseologisms, words presented in bold font inside the articles. The search lists of the dictionary and individual articles also include the main variants of phraseologisms, the genitive forms of adjectives, adverbs in articles of adjectives and verbs, etc. For example, the search list is supplemented with the form of the anonymous genus blue, the adverbs blue, mėlynyn, the phraseologisms blue days “about a hard life”, blue blood “about a noble person”, blue spaugs “hell’s smallpox (horse disease)” and the phraseologism blue stone (stone, block, hammer) main variant blue stone “copper sulfate” (see Figure 2). in addition, after correcting the inaccuracy of transposition, the sentences Mėlenai žydi (salantai, Kretingos r.), Mėlenai prirūkyta trova (Šatės, skuodo r.), which remained out of place, were moved from the article mėlynas to their actual article mėlenas. Additional search terms and phrase logics are marked in the search lists with a raised plus sign. This helps to distinguish additional homonyms (e.g. homographs, homoforms) that are not numbered in the dictionary. For example, the plural noun baltai – belltai “one of the Indo-European branches – Lithuanians, Latvians, Prussians, etc.” and baltai+ – the adverb baltaen of the adjective beltas in the article. The dictionary offers two types of search: a simple search (by word or phrase) and a special search (by query – certain sequences of letters and wildcards). Various data (abbreviations, unpronounced words and phrases) can be searched in the opened text of the dictionary article, which is very useful when looking at long articles of commonly used words. In the text of the dictionary, the mouse pointer over abbreviations and symbols expands their explanations. Gertrūda Naktinienė and Zita Šimėnaitė adapted the abbreviation lists for this purpose. by placing the mouse pointer on the main structural parts of the dictionary article, their names are named: homonym number, heading- G. Naktiniene. 97 nis word, subtitle word, pronunciation, number of meaning group, number of meaning, interpretation of meaning, shade of meaning, small folklore, phraseologisms, etc. Various other improvements have been created, which allow the dictionary to accumulate a list of watched words, it is possible to increase or decrease the text of the dictionary article, to naudotis greičiau ir patogiau, pavyzdžiui, pasirinkus atitinkamą meniu elerecord Lithuanian letters without switching the keyboard, etc. The dictionary application runs on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems. The second edition was edited by: ona Kažukauskaitė, Gertrūda Naktinienė, ritutė Petrokienė, lijana Puzinienė, Vilija ragaišienė, Zita Šimėnaitė, angelė Vilutytė. Scientific consultant – Vytautas Vitkauskas. The dictionary texts were computerised by Dana stakienė. The electronic version of the dictionary was created by Linus Valiukas. The data was digitized and structured by Evaldas ožeraitis and Vytautas Zinkevičius. In addition to the dictionary itself, a fairly detailed illustrated guide is included in the memory card, for which the dictionary description was prepared by Gertrūda Naktinienė, the program description – linas Valiukas. 2 PaV. Search result for adverb mėlynai – part of article of adjective mėlynas with this adverb in Lithuanian language dictionary second electronic edition 98 Languages culture | 85 The electronic version of the Lithuanian language dictionary (vols. I–XX, 1941–2002) is the main thesaurus of the Lithuanian language, a treasure trove of the most diverse lexicon, covering about 1000 examples of sources: from the written sources of the 16th century and dialectal lexicon, systematically collected from 1902 to 2002 (for more details on the sources of the Lithuanian language dictionary see Šymenaitė 2007; Šimėnaitė 2010; Šimėnaitė, Zabarskaitė 2011). The printed version of this dictionary was prepared using a database of 4.5 million items, but the gradually accumulated database of 0.5 million additions has not yet been used. dictionaries of this type, such as the Lithuanian language dictionary published in 1941–2002, are incomplete, they are constantly supplemented, corrected, revised (cf. simpson 2009: 46). Individual volumes of the dictionary were prepared in different periods: the chief editors changed, the political circumstances changed, the attitude of the public to the language and its values. The public is very interested in the additions to the LKŽ, the visitors of the website miss various words that were not yet widespread or had not been accumulated sufficient data on their usage when preparing the respective volumes. Currently, the Centre for Lexicography is participating in the Long-term institutional research and experimental (social, cultural) development programme, and one of the most important tasks is to prepare supplements to the electronic version of the Lithuanian language dictionary. this can be done only after careful evaluation of the completeness of the lexical data of the Lithuanian language dictionary and its electronic version. The most important problem is that when writing new volumes of the Lithuanian language dictionary, data from newly published sources were used and the database was constantly updated, so the completeness of the vocabulary and its sources in previous and later volumes differs greatly (Забар скайте, Нактинене, Шяпятите 2005: 340–355). For example, among the articles of the letter G (Vol. III, 1956) there is no lexicon of dialect dictionaries, because the first dialect dictionaries was published only in 1976. We have newly published and evaluated historical sources (dictionaries of Konstantinas Sirvydas, Jakubas Brodovskis, Laurynas Ivinskis and others, the Bibles of Jon Bretkūnas, Mikalojus Daukša, Samuelis Chylinskis, Wolfenbüttel’s Postilla, Daniel Klein’s hymns, etc.), a dictionary of Martynas Mažvydas’ writings (urbas 1996), a select dictionary of Lithuanian writings from the 16th to the 17th centuries (Palionis 2004), a database of ancient writings [email protected]/seniejirastai, which is constantly being updated. The presentation of the vocabulary of K. Sirvydo dictionaries in the great Lithuanian language dictionary is analyzed (Naktinienė 2012: 14), it is investigated that the source of the Lithuanian language dictionary – Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėža’s botany work Taislius augyminis – is pronounced (Šepetytė 2009: 50). At this stage of the work, it is not possible to take into account some of the wishes of the users of the electronic G. Naktiniene. 99 database of the electronic Lithuanian language dictionary, concept of additions to the electronic version, research of the sources of the Lithuanian language dictionary, inventory of their data (Naktinienė 2009: 32–34) and other preparatory work. Jolanta Zabarskaitė (2010: 126–143) has begun to update the ethnolinguistic data of the Lithuanian language, to reconstruct the national worldview according to the texts of the Lithuanian language dictionary. It is necessary to continue to collect the Lithuanian language lexicon, to study the lexicographic heritage (the Lithuanian lexicon of the dictionaries of Laurynas Ivinskis, Frydrich Kuršaitis) and to use the results of the research to supplement the electronic version of the Lithuanian Lexicon. The complexity of the structure and data of the Lithuanian language dictionary and its databases requires special preparation, experience, knowledge of their history and specificity, therefore it is very important that the continuity of the knowledge, accumulation and lexicographic school of the Lithuanian language dictionary is not interrupted. version of the Lithuanian language dictionary, for example, to indicate the detailed etymology of borrowed words, to provide more modern (especially international) words, more borrowings from a particular language, to improve the search for conjugative verbs and their noun derivatives, to provide definitions of meanings instead of references, to provide names of persons and explanations of their origin, etc. it is expected that some of the needs of the readers will be satisfied by additions to this dictionary. The most recent vocabulary used after 2000 can be found in the General Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, which is being completed by the Lexicography Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute. 1999. Dictionary of the English Language, I-XX. ass./male red. J. Balčikonis, J. Kruopas, K. Ulvydas, V. Vitkauskas. Vilnius, 1941-2002. lKŽe – Dictionary of Lithuanian Language (vols. I–XX, 1941–2002): electronic edition. editors: G. Naktinienė (mr. ed.), J. Paulauskas, r. Petrokienė, V. Vitkauskas, J. Zabarskaitė. Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 2005. [atnaujinlKŽ2e – Lithuanian Language Dictionary (vols. I–XX, 1941–2002): second electronic ta versija, 2008.] Prieiga per internetą: <www.lkz.lt>. edition. red. kolegija: G. Naktinienė (ed.), †J. 2000. pp. 15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Vitkauskas, J. Zabarskaitė. Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute. [in preparation.] 100 Languages Culture | 85 Languages KP4: Language tips 4: Vocabulary: use of borrowed words (foreign words, international words). author and compiler D. Mikulėnienė. New York: University of New York Press, 2005. Naktinienė G. 2005: Corrections to the “Dictionary of Lithuanian Language” in electronic version. – Language Culture 78, 191–204. Naktinienė G. 2006: A new life for the Lithuanian language dictionary. – Native Language 7, 11–15. Naktinienė G. 2009: „Lithuanian language dictionary“ in the 21st century. – From Konstantinas Sirvydas to the great dictionary. thesis of the international scientific conference. Vilnius, 19–20 November 2009, 32–34. Naktinienė G. 2012: The lexicon of Konstantino Sirvydo dictionaries in the great Lithuanian language dictionary. – international scientific conference “Konstantinas Sirvydas – pioneer of Lithuanian lexicography”. Thesis of the reports. Vilnius, 10-11 May 2012, 14. Accessed via Internet: <http://www.lki.lt/ LKI_LT/images/Naujienos/20120503%20K%20Sirvydo%20konf%20tezes.pdf> (accessed December 2012). Palionis J. 2004: Selected Dictionary of Lithuanian Writings of the 16th–17th Centuries, Vilnius: Institute of Science and Encyclopedia Publishing. simpson J. 2009: the story of the oxford English Dictionary today. – From Konstantinas Sirvydas to the great dictionary. thesis of the international scientific conference. Vilnius, 19-20 November 2009, 46. Šepetytė r. 2009: Jurgio Ambraziejaus pabrėžos Taislius augyminis – pronounced source of the Lithuanian language dictionary. – From Konstantinas Sirvydas to the great dictionary. thesis of the international scientific conference. Vilnius, 19-20 November 2009, 50. Šimėnaitė Z. 2010: Lietuvos ir lenkų leksikografijos sąsajos [Links between Polish and Lithuanian Lexikography] – Language and Cultural Heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. bydgoszcz: Kazimierz University Press Wielkiego, 158–166. urbas D. 1996: Dictionary of the Writings of Martynas Mažvydas, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. Vitkauskas V. 2006: „Lietuvių kalbos žodyno“ pataisymai, Vilnius: Lietuvos kalbos institutas. Vitkauskas V. 2010: Additional corrections to the Lithuanian language dictionary. – Lexicography and lexicology 2. Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 114–122. Zabarskaitė J., Naktinienė G., Šepetytė-Petrokienė r. 2006: The first edition of the Electronic Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (vols. – Work