Lotynų–lietuvių kalbų žodynėlis Sapūno ir Šulco gramatikoje

BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 MINDAUGAS STROCKIS Lietuvių kalbos institutas Dictionary of Latin-Lithuanian Languages SOAP AND SHULC IN GRAMMATICS KEY WORDS: Sappho, Schultz, Compendium, dictionary, translation, Latin. ANNOTATION The Compendium Grammaticae Lituanicae, published in 1673 by Kęstutis Sapūnas and Teofilis Šulcas, is a compendium of Lithuanian grammar, in which almost all Lithuanian words are translated into Latin, thus it de facto contains a Lithuanian-Latin dictionary of 1380 words. The peculiarities of this actual dictionary show that Lithuanian words were translated into Latin by a person whose native language was German. It can be concluded that the Lithuanian words were left untranslated in the Sapūno manuscript, and were later added by Šulcas. Despite minor inaccuracies in the translation, this dictionary provides valuable facts about the Lithuanian language of Lesser Lithuania in the 17th century. INTRODUCTION Compendium Grammaticae Lituanicae, abbreviated as Compendium and often abbreviated as SC in Lithuanian studies works, is a valuable monument of the Lithuanian language of the 17th century. Researchers agree that it was written by Christos Sapunas, and that Theophilos Schultz published the grammar, adding some additions and writing some commentaries. It is natural to ask what exactly Schultz added to Sappho's manuscript. As investigated by Tamara Buchienė, MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 2 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 Jonas Palionis and Kazimieras Eigminas (Buchienė, Palionis 1957: 21– which Klein’s grammar 27; Eigminas 1997: 19–22), be pratarmių, į pradinį Compendium tekstą buvo įterptos kai excerpts, especially the section on pronunciation (Strockis 2007: 93–100). Is that all we can know? The purpose of this article is to clarify this, based on the Latin–Lithuanian dictionary contained in Sapūno and Schulco’s grammar. 1 As is known, Kristopas Sapūnas (1589–1659), born in Lithuania Minor, or unknown; Biržiška 1960: Kusuose, arba Didžiuosiuose Rūdupėnuose, vėliau vadintuose Enciūnais (tiksli vieta 263), entering the University of Karaliaučius, registered there as Christophorus Sepun Lituanus pauper “Kristopas Sapūnas [later his name was spelled Sappuhn in German], poor Lithuanian [or Lithuanian man]”. From this (and, of course, from the very native language of gramatikos) galima spręsti, kad lietuvių kalba jam buvusi gimtoji. Jei nesame tikri dėl kurio the author of Lesser Lithuania, the etymology of the surname can also help. of his ancestors Atrodo, kad Sapūno pavardė yra lietuviška, metroniminės kilmės. Ar tai reiškia, kad kas nors was an illegitimate son of Sappha (Sophia), unknown (Christopher himself was the 1 When quoting passages from the Sappho and Schultz grammar in this article, I will refer to the page of the original 1673 edition, which can be easily found in the photographed 1997 edition. If the page is not numbered in the original (in the appendix and in the final word), the page of the 1997 photographic edition will be indicated. When quoting Klein’s grammar (its original page numbering is heavily confused by proofreading errors), both the photographic edition (1957) and the original page will be indicated, separating them by the / sign. In cases where the page number of the original Klein grammar does not correspond to the actual page number due to a printing error, both the actual page number and the incorrectly printed page number will be indicated; the latter will be written in quotation marks. In citing the Compendium and Klein's text, graphemic transcription is used, with the single characters transcribing only the grapheme and those allographs or ligatures that actually acquired the status of grapheme (ſ, æ; œ did not occur), but without taking into account the design of the original printed font, i.e. the so-called "Gothic" (in this case Schwabacher) font z is transliterated with the same z as the antiqua font z, rather than with the modern phonetic pavyzdžiui, „gotiško“ šrifto g perrašyti šiuolaikinės fonetinės transkripcijos ženklu ɡ vien dėl to, kad jų išvaizda transcription sign ʒ (because doing so would be as meaningful as, similar). The letters ſz will be transliterated as they kaip ligatūra (iš kurios yra kilęs šiuolaikinis vokiečių kalbos rašmuo ß), ar atskirai. Jei originalo spaudinyje į „gotišku“ šriftu atspausdintą žodį įterpta antiqua šrifto raidė, ji perrašoma taip pat, kaip ir visos kitos raidės, are, regardless of whether they were pressed without any marking in the original print. Graphemic transcription is most appropriate for the purpose of this article. Cited Compendium Lithuanian words, relevant from the point of view of argumentation, are highlighted. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 3 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 The son of Saphan; 1960: 263. Nevertheless, we can point out that in his grammar tarp negausių moteriškų vardų (skirtų moteriškajai gramatinei giminei lietuvių kalboje iliustruoti) paminėta ir Sape = Sophia (25) 2 . Iš to galima atsargiai spėti, kad galbūt bent pats This is the origin of his surname. From 1612 until his death, Sapūnas was the priest of Didžiosios Rūdupėnai (=Enciūnai). It is believed that he wrote his grammar around 1643 (Biržiška 1960: 264; Eigminas 1997: 10). This nuomonė, nors literatūroje tiesiai niekur nepasakyta, tikriausiai kyla iš 1673 m. leidimo preface, where it is written that this work was ultra luſtrum ſextum pulvere quaſi obruta SC 48 "for more than six and a half years as if covered with dust", i.e. not published: from the date of publication 1673 subtract 6 × 5 = 30 and get the date of 1643. There seems to be no reason to doubt this opinion (if only the preface was written in the same year as the publication appeared, and not a little earlier). In addition, this would mean that Sapūnas’s grammar is actually older 3 than Klein’s, thus it would also belong the glory of the first Lithuanian grammar. It is also known that Sapunas was one of Klein's collaborators on the grammar, to whom Klein had lent the manuscript of his grammar (Biržiška 1960: 264; Eigminas 1997: 21). Sapūnas is also known as the author of Latin poems (Biržiška 1960: 263; Koženiauskienė 1990: 244, 266–267). He died in 1659 in Enciūnai (=Didžiuosiuose Rūdupėnuose) (Biržiška 1960: 263; ZM 2014: 1555). Teofilis Šulcas (1629–1673) was also born in Lithuania Minor, in Veluva (Biržiška 1960: 343; ZM 2014: 1651; in the latter source this fact is mentioned with a question mark). Joined in University of Karaliaučius, where he was enrolled as Theophylus Schultz Welawensis Borussus “Theophilus [later his name was written in the correct Latin form Theophilus] Schultz, probably 2 it was not a very common name, if Donelaitis did not call it any of the characters of the Year. 3 The statement that this grammar was written for 8 years (SC 255) is false (this will be Teiginys, kad ji buvo parašyta apie 1651 m., pateikiamas bibliografinėje šiuolaikinio leidinio anotacijoje discussed later). on the last page of the book (SC 336), there is a typographical error. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 4 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 Late Prussian’. This suggests that Schulz was a Prussian (although this can only mean "citizen of the Prussian state") whose native language was German. the German origin of the surname would also support this. After graduating from the university, he worked as an assistant to the pastor of Nybudžiai (ZM 2014: 1651), from 1650 he was the pastor of Izdagai, and in 1662 he became the pastor of Katnia. He died in 1673 (Biržiška 1960: 263; ZM 2014: 1651), i.e. in the same year that the jis buvo laikomas geru lietuvių kalbos žinovu (Biržiška 1960: 263), bet neatrodo, kad lietuvių Compendium was published. It is believed that his mother tongue was Arabic. It is known that he wrote a Lithuanian-German-Latin dictionary (Biržiška 1960: 263), but this, if it was written, has not survived. By the way, one of his seven children, Jonas, the pastor of Lazdynai (Lasdehnen) (ZM 2014: 1651), is the same Jonas Schulcas who published Aesop’s tales in Lithuanian in 1706. This is what we know about both Compendium authors. He was 40 years older than Sally. They were both Lutheran pastors who had graduated from the University of Karaliaučius and lived in Lithuanian parishes not far from each other as far as Trakai from Vilnius. As we know from the preface to the Compendium, Schultz regarded Sappho as his teacher and inherited from her a manuscript of the grammar written some time earlier (at the time Sappho wrote his grammar, Schultz must have been only about 14 years old). In 1673, about 30 years after the writing and 14 years after Sappho's death, Schultz published the grammar and died the same year, at the age of 44. What else can we learn from the published text of the grammar? Most of the Lithuanian words mentioned in the grammar are translated into Latin. Thus, it de facto contains a Lithuanian–Latin dictionary, although not presented in one išsklaidytas po visą veikalo tekstą. Šį faktinį žodynėlį sudaro 1380 vienetų (dauguma jų yra section, but individual words with translations, but there are also word combinations MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 5 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 or whole sentences). The corresponding vocabulary of 2057 units is also contained in 4 Klein's grammar. So de facto we have two 17th century. Lithuanian-Latin dictionaries. Of course, they are much shorter than Sirvydo dictionaries published a little earlier, but they are still valuable monuments of Lithuanian lexicography of the 17th century, from which an analysis can learn something. 1. ŽODYNĖLIO KEISTUMAI Reading the grammar of Sapūnas and Šulcas, it is clear that its vocabulary contains certain anomalies, which may lead to the suspicion that the translator, who translated Lithuanian words into Latin, did not have Lithuanian as his native language. There is no such change in Klein's dictionary. It is precisely these variations in the Sapun and Schultz vocabulary that can help to clarify the knowledge of each author’s contribution to the Compendium tekstą. First of all, of course, both the Compendium and Klein's grammar, and therefore their dictionaries, contain both ancient grammatical forms and ancient words, or even now known words used in ancient or rare meanings. As a result, the modern reader would not always be able to use them comfortably as Lithuanian-Latin dictionaries. Of course, such cases are absolutely impeccable and do not belong to the strangeness mentioned here. For the sake of illustration, it is worth mentioning some: Skellu Debeo, Skellejau 57 (skelling “indebted to be”); Stick Nux 57 ("hazel, walnut"; and stick here does not mean "tip" and nux does not mean "nut"); Skilliu Elicio ignem, Skiliau 47 (skėlti, skėllia, skýlė “to light fire with a splitter”; see skėllti 2 LKŽe), Gaudźiu Conqveror, Gauzdawau 49 (gausti “to lament, to mourn, to complain”; The Klein dictionary used in this article was digitized by Ramunė Markevičiūtė, currently a PhD student at Freie Universität Berlin, during her student internship. I also thank her for the valuable 4 discussion on this article. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Lotynų–lietuvių kalbų žodynėlis Sapūno ir Šulco gramatikoje | 6 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 in Lithuania (certified meaning); Paſtmpu Rigeſco, Paſtppau 56 (pastipti „to expand, to harden“; meaning, also documented in LKŽ), Wasſris Januarius, Kowas Februarius, Karwèlinnis Martius 25 (well documented old names of months in Lesser Lithuania) and others. However, some cases are a little more complicated. 1.1. Dubious but nevertheless certain cases In the 1997 edition (SC 83) a case of admįſ [sic; apparently a proofreading error due to the influence of the Latin prefix adį; should be atmįſ], translated as divinabo 11, had already been noted and discussed. It may seem that the word “remember” is translated here in Latin as “predict, predict”, although in Klein’s grammar (KG 103 / 9) the same word atmįſ is translated as recordabor (“remember”). It is obvious that this translates another meaning of the same word, and the meaning intended in Sappho’s and Schultz’s grammar is “I will guess”. Another case, Melmů Calculus 26, although at first glance it seems as if the “sacrum” would be translated as “pebble”, is also not a mistake. Melmus here means "sacrum pain, stone disease"; This meaning is confirmed in other 17th-century Lithuanian language sources of Lesser Lithuania, as we see from LKŽe. The word calculus in Latin could also mean a kidney or 5 bladder stone, so here we see a basically correct translation. The case of Smagurauju Paraſitum ago 51 seems at first glance not very accurate, as if the word meaning “to enjoy delicious meals” would be translated here as “to live like a dwelling” (i.e. “to be greedy”). In depth, it becomes clear that the meaning here was “to be false, to live not according to antikinės visuomenės „parazitui“ (gr. παράσιτος), valgančiam iš šeimininko malonės) ar pajamas“. Nors LKŽe tokia reikšmė nepaliudyta, Kristijonas Donelaitis rašė: tu, lėbaudams ir 5 For the testimony in Greater Lithuania, see the article in Sirvydo 1642 dictionary: Krzyźá bolenie, Lumbago, Melmenio ſopulis SD³ 137. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 7 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 vis smaguraudams, / The field with fences and the whole house you ate up DM PV 465–466. From this context, it is clear that the meaning of the word “merry-go-round” is not so much “loving sweets” as “sweating not according to income.” This confirms Compendium’s istorinę žodžio smagurauti reikšmę buvo galima įtraukti į Lietuvių kalbos žodyną). translation of “to stir” (and it seems that such a translation would not be incorrect either). vertimas, nors žodžio jáuti (jáuna / jáuja, jóvė) reikšmę LKŽe pateikia tik „rausti, versti, The case of Jauju Aqvã fervidã ſup[er] infũdere, Jowjau Jowe 52 is not wrong either. When you think about it, it seems that jáuti here means “to do joval” not in a figurative sense, but literally, i.e. to prepare a certain feed for pigs. The ingredients of Joval could have been bleached with boiling water, so jáuti here would mean what in Žemaitija is described by the verb plikyti, and in Aukštaitija it would correspond to šutinti (apšutinti). Therefore, here is 6 basically the correct translation. 7 The modern reader may find that the cases of Skinnu Eradico 54 (translated as “rooting out”; more appropriate would have been carpo) and Nèkaltai impunè 67 (translated as “without punishment”; perhaps more appropriate would have been innocue, innoxie or innocenter) are also not very accurate, but they cannot be regarded as truly erroneous translations either. Some cases seem to really relate to 17th-century realities, for example Kèlines Caligæ 33 (and the same translation in Klein’s grammar: KG 166 / 72 “70”). In the 17th century the Latin word sandalai“. Savaime suprantama, apranga buvo vienokia senovės Romos laikais, kitokia meant "soldiers" and it is still different today, so it is not worth expecting completely exact buvo XVII a. lotynų kalboje, stengiantis tuometines kelnes iki kelių, ilgas kelnes, aulus, blauzdines, kojines ir įvairius batus pavadinti panašių romėniškų apdarų pavadinimais, matyti equivalents. Kokia painiava iš Cn 1171 (straipsnyje Vbránie powſzéchnié, odźież nóg). We see the 6 same thing in the 16th century, I thank my colleague doc. dr. Peter Skirmant. 7 Už šią informaciją dėkoju kolegei doc. dr. Rasuolei Vladarskienei. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin-Lithuanian Dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz's Grammar | 8 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 DD 23, 357, 434, 485, where the word caliga is translated as Hoß oder kriegssteigfel ("trousers or military boots"). 8 Also, the word aviu (Awju qs. Aweju. Induo ocreas Awejau 52) is translated as “I take off my 9 boots”, but, as we can see from other sources, in the 17th century the word ocreae was also used in Latin to refer to certain auliniai boots or aulai, cf. the mentioned Cn 1171 and even four testimonies in Sirvydo dictionary: Bot, boty. Ocreæ. 21; Deut. Ocrea. 30; Nágolenice źołnierſkie, Ocreæ militares. Cziebatay karieywiu SD³ 189 ir Skornie, Ocreæ, mullei. Ciebatay SD³ 406. In essence, the same is the case with Sźawju Diſplodo, Szowjau Szowe 52, where the Latin word means “to blow” or “to blow up”; It is obvious that this refers to shooting from firearms that the ancient Romans did not know. A little more suspicious is the translation of the verb guard by the Latin word meaning "to guard": Sawgmi qs. Sawgoju Caveo, Saugojau 53 (custodio would have been more appropriate). However, the meaning of the word „saugoti“ (to protect, to avoid) is confirmed in the LKŽ, so there is no real error here. In the Compendium itself, the same word Saugmi is already translated in Cuſtedio 58, just a few pages further. At first glance, it may seem a mistake to translate the adjective rūdas (Slavism, meaning “agreeing, ready”) with the adverb “lovely” (Rodas libenter 67), but in this case 8 That the Latin word caliga has been used for trousers since the Middle Ages can be seen from Hanzíková 1988: 95, who states that the Czech name for trousers from the 14th century is kalhoty, derived from the Italian form *caligotte "military boots with long, tightly fitting heels", which in turn derived from Latin caliga. By the way, this is also the prototype of the word kalgotkės (“tights”) known in Lithuanian: the first tights were imported into the Soviet Union in the middle of the 20th century, and thus into occupied Lithuania, from “panties Čekijos (tuometinės Čekoslovakijos), o ant jų pakuotės čekų kalba būdavo rašoma kalhotky punčochové (pažod. with stockings”; In the second half of the 20th century, the name was changed to the current name. Although the Internet sources mentioning the latter facts do not have the status of peer-reviewed scientific article, their information seems to be reasonable to disbelieve. Internet search by words kalhoty, caligotte, caliga, kalhotky punčochové (įvairiai juos derinant) parodo nemažai šaltinių su tokia informacija. 9 Abbreviate qs. here means quasi (‘as if, as if’), i.e. it is said that the past tense of the verb aviu is constructed so, ‘as if’ its present tense is avėju. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 9 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 paaiškina Neselmano žodynas: Now Ródas, Ród’s is generally used as an adverb, gern, willig N 445. Some names of plants may also give rise to doubts, but experience shows that the names of biological species in dictionaries, especially in ancient languages, are always a tricky matter and complete consistency here is never to be expected. Compendium writes that buckwheat is panicum (Grikkai Panicum 33), but according to Sirvydas, panicum is millet: Ber. Panic. 10, 11, 12) and the 14th (see the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th 10 chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter of the 14th chapter). Lentils, according to the Compendium, are ciceres. It would mean “peas”, but the plural is incorrect (probably a small mistake, if not a printing error); translation boards would have remained more. According to Klein and also Sirvydas, cicer (regular singular) is buckwheat: grikkai ocymum, cicer KG 166 / 72 “70”; Tartar iron, Ocymum (vulgo) cicer. 442 pp. 442. In addition, the grammar of Sappho and Schultz (as in any complex book) contains minor errors that are difficult to distinguish from printing errors. It appears that in the Latin word: if it uſpraſſu intelligo 2 atsirado net du korektūriniai apsirikimai, po vieną ir lietuviškame, ir were [ſu]praſu intellig[am], it would mean “I will understand”. The Lithuanian word is corrected in the 1997 edition (SC 65; also cf. Kleino ſuprantu intelligo KG 197 / 103 „101“). A similar case is drįſe audeam 11, where the Latin form does not mean "I will dare" but Expergiſor), źirkles Porpex 33 „drįsčiau“ (turėjo būti audebo). Tokie atvejai kaip Nubundu Expergiſco 55 (turėjo būti (should have been Forpex), Iſź te illuc inde 65 (should have been illinc, inde), Trysdeſźimt Triginti 29 (should have been Triginta) are almost certainly printing errors. The obvious printer's error is on page 67 (printer's error; actually 69) where it is printed as follows: Po, ſub, ſubter. Ante, coram. All this is indeed an explanation of what 10 Gramatiškai taisyklinga daugiskaita būtų cicera, bet, kaip rašoma Cicerono amžininko Marko In Terentius Varro's De lingua latina (8.48), the word is used in the singular and the plural cicera is not used at all. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 16 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 meaning would be "absorb, absorber") is generally difficult to find used in writing monuments. Some doubt may be raised by the fact that Besſegerriu is written with two -rr-, as if the vowel before them were short, but just as well on the same page is written the word źerriu, źerrejau, which is certainly źerėti (not jerti; the translation by Scintillo confirms this). Another unclear case is Perry Lava, Perry 48. The Latin translation is "prausiù", as if the Lithuanian word would be perti, i.e. to wash in the sauna. There is a strong suspicion that the word nesting is actually used here (which would have been appropriate for the Latin incubo “to tuck, to nest”, used in translating the word tuck 52). There is no evidence from Nesselmann's dictionary that perti and 20 perėti were confused, so it is possible that they were confused by the Compendium translator of Lithuanian words. The ambiguity is added by the fact that on the same page the word that is really sown has the past tense Sejejau. This -ejduplication of the letters is probably a printing press error, because the past tense form *sėjėjau, as far as we know, is not witnessed not only in Lesser Lithuania, but also anywhere else. 21 A highly questionable case is Swellu Gliſo, Swillau 54, not discussed in the 1997 edition. The Lithuanian forms of the word are probably svilti, svela, svilo, so it would be identical to the now familiar word svilti, svyla, svilo, although it could also be svelti, svela, svilė (used in the meaning of “svilti” or “svilinti” in the LKŽ; by the way, the verb svelti is mostly used in monuments of Lesser Lithuania). The Latin translation means "expand, burst, swell, increase". There are several possible explanations for this strange case, but there is not enough data to choose one. Perhaps the choice of this word was determined by the fact that the word glisco is also used in Latin literature to refer to fire, for example in Lucretius’s On the Nature of Things, Hymn I, verse 474: ignis gliscens “fire expanding = more intensely burning = igniting”? Based on such consumption 20 Péru, perẽjau, ẽsu, ẽti, breeding, of the birds. Ant pautû perẽti, on the eggs sit 285. Peru, pẽriau, persu, perti, Jemanden baden; with the bathing quaſt; then also allg. Jemanden ſchlagen, beulen <…> N 286. 21 "Sẽju, sẽjau, sẽsu, sẽti, ſäen" (in German). Ropes willti, beets or potatoes set N 459. Hako dictionary: Seed ſeen, prſ. you, prt. Fuck you. ſu H 115. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Lotynų–lietuvių kalbų žodynėlis Sapūno ir Šulco gramatikoje | 17 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 examples, perhaps it is possible to see here a similarity to the meaning of "svilti". The possibility that the translator has somehow confused the German words schwelen „rusenti, swilti“ and schwellen „swell, bloat“ seems small, because such confusion is possible only with foreign words, not with native ones. Perhaps the word svelti (borrowed from German?), meaning “to bloat”, really existed in the dialects of Lithuania Minor in the 17th century? Although the dictionaries do 22 not confirm this, one line of Donelaitis raises certain thoughts: Tūls nusviežas ponpalaikis, rods, 23 juokiasi būrams DM VD 278. What exactly does “disappointed” mean here? It seems that this place was a source of doubt for many: the interpretation given in the LKŽ (quoting precisely this passage of Donelaitis) is “nusigyvenęs, nenusęs”, but Rėza (who perhaps had to understand Donelaitis’ dialect, and therefore its pictorial sayings, better than anyone else) translated it completely literally: Manches Herrlein, verſengt am Ofen, verlacht zwar den Bauer “burned by the furnace” (R 47). Didn't down here mean "fat, bloated"? It is also possible to compare another line of Donelaitis, where in a very similar phrase (and in the same hexametry position) the word pilvotas is used: Kad pilvots koks ponpalaikis taipo prasikeikia DM VD 126. Summa summarum, without new data, it remains unclear why the Compendium word svelti (or svilti) is translated glisco, but it does not seem to be a good translation. Another case of ambiguity is Sellu Salivam emitto, Sellejau 57. The Latin translation means "I expel saliva". If the Lithuanian word is indeed selėti, sela (seli, selėja), selėjo, then it means “to sleigh”. This is also stated in LKŽe, citing various sources, ypač Mažosios Lietuvos. LKŽe tarp jų paminima ir ši konkreti vieta (SC 57), vadinasi, tyliai 22 Etimologijos žodynai sutaria (https://www.dwds.de/wb/etymwb/schwellen), kad ši šaknis, reiškianti "swelling", is only palid in Germanic languages (see English swell "swelling"; by the way, because of this other word schwelen "rusenti, swelti" see modern English swelter "swelling from the heat"). Thus, the possibility of the existence of the Baltic word (of common Indo-European heritage with the Germans) *svelti “to puff” seems small. However, a loan from the German language would probably be phonetically possible, cf. svẽl from the German Schwelle "threshold" K 417, LKZ. 23 Žodynuose galima rasti tik tokias veiksmažodžių svilti ir svelti reikšmes, kokias žinome dabar: Swelù, swelti, ſ. u. Swylu N 508; Swylu, swillau, swilsu, swilti, glimmen, ſchwelen. Swelù, swelòu, svèlsu, svèlti, daſ. N 509; [ſwelu, ſweliau, ſwelſiu, ſwelti = ſwylù, schwelen.] K 417 (brackets in this Kuršaitis dictionary mean that he did not know such a word in his native dialect, but only from written sources). MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Lotynų–lietuvių kalbų žodynėlis Sapūno ir Šulco gramatikoje | 18 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 The Latin translation of SC is acknowledged to be incorrect, but the 1997 edition considers both the form selėti and the meaning of “to excrete saliva” SC 313 to be correct. There are two possible explanations: either it is the word selėti, meaning "to shelter", or a printing error in the original 1673 edition of the Compendium (letters -ell instead of -eil-). The word sailėti is also used by Donelaitis: So that him saildamas daug kartų jo liežuvėlis DM PV 519. Another questionable case is Kibźdu Submoveo, Moto, Kibzdejau 57. Kibždėti means “to shake”, and the Latin translation says “to push, to move”, so perhaps “to shake” was meant. Whether the word kibždėti really once had a transitive meaning, or whether this is a translator’s error, is unknown (probably the latter case). It is worth remembering once again that in Klein's grammar we will not find such dubious translations. All Lithuanian words translated into Latin, despite the 17th-century spelling and archaic forms, are clear to the modern Lithuanian and are in perfect harmony with the Latin translations. Everything that is questionable can be found in Klein’s grammar, besides the already drabužių pavadinimų, yra keli atvejai, tiksliau, vienas pluoštas atvejų, kai lietuviškas esamasis mentioned somewhat approximate plants or the 17th century time I wrote translated in Latin aſz ſawa warda paraſzau, ego meum nomen ſcripſi; tu ſawa warda paraſzai, tu tuum nomen ſcripſiſti; jis ſawa warda paraſza, ille ſuum nomen ſcripſit; aſz tawa warda paraſzau, ego tuum nomen ſcripſi; perfect (as if in Lithuanian it would have been I wrote or I have written): tu tawa warda paraſzai, tu 24 tuum nomen scipſiſſt KG 243 / 149 “147”. All in all, this is accidental negligence. Regardless of Daniel Klein’s ethnic origin, it is obvious that his knowledge of Lithuanian was equal to that of a native speaker. in the publication. However, it should not be understood that the work is full of errors. Tokie yra abejotini lietuviškų žodžių vertimo į lotynų kalbą atvejai Compendium 24 Tai tikrai esamieji laikai, o ne kokie nors fonetiniai ar ortografiniai būtojo laiko variantai, plg. tikrus ir respectively translated past tense: muſze verberavit KG 195 / 101 „99“, atneſze… attulit KG 241 / 147 „145“ etc. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 19 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 As mentioned, there are 1380 translations of Lithuanian words and phrases into Latin, and only those discussed in this article are doubtful. All other translations are correct and accurate. Among them there is a case, which seems to have been misunderstood by the LKŽ editors: in LKŽ the second meaning of the word paskristi 2 (paskriñda, paskrėto) is based on the only place from the grammar discussed here (referred to SC 55) and that meaning is presented as „išgręžti, išrauti“. In the Compendium, we find this case: Paſkrindu Cavus fio, Paſkrittau 55. The Latin translation would be "hollow (or hollowed) tampu", meaning that the meaning of this word is not "to scratch" something to become hollow (that would be cavum facio), but to become hollow itself, i.e. "thinning" or "hollowing". The glossary in question also contains many interesting and valuable things, which are not the direct subject of this article, but are nevertheless worth mentioning. In it we can find the names of ancient Lithuanian deities (Kaukas, Gabvartas, Gabjaujis, Velinas, Žemyna 24–25; Klein testifies to the form Žemynė KG 157 / 63 „61“), place names and names of inhabitants (prūsas, Prūsa; Klein testifies to the form Prūsija KG 158 / 64 „62“), Karaliaučius, karaliaučionis, Danckas [Danzig or Gdansk], danckionis, Tilžė, tilžėnas, Įsrutis, įsrutėnas, Katenava [Katniava], katenaviškis [katniaviškis], Lithuania, lietuvninkas 19, 25; a similar list is found in Klein’s grammar, but only a part of these names are included in both lists). The Compendium glossary also testifies to the old meaning of the word princis, mirabile dictu, which did not enter the LKŽ: Kunigaik[ſ]źtis Principis filius 19 „in the meaning of ruler, monarch (‘prince’ in the current meaning); the latter meaning of the word priest entered the LKŽ). That this is not a coincidence or circumstance is sūnus“, plg. Kunigas Princeps 19 („valdovas, monarchas“, t. y. „kunigaikštis“ dabartine evident from the context, where in the same chapter, on page 19, the titles of various rulers and MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 20 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 their sons are mentioned: King Rex, King Regis filius; Ercikis Princeps, Ercikaitis Principis filius, as well as Klebonas Paſtor, Klebonaitis Paſtris filius (we are talking, of course, about Lutheran priests who were married and had children). We can also compare with Klein’s testimonies: Prigis Dominus “master, ruler”, Kunige Domina “hostess, ruler” “65” (see also other words given by Klein). KG 118 / 24 ir Kunigaikśtis Principis filius, Princeps „valdovo sūnus; valdovas“ KG 161 / 67 2.1. Quotes from classical Roman authors Among the various sentences illustrating the syntax of the Lithuanian language, the Compendium glossary also includes several quotes from classical Roman authors. Although short, they are the oldest known translations of these works into Lithuanian. Three of them are credited, while some others are without credit and remained unidentified in the 25 1997 edition. Here are the quotes with the authors listed: Ipacź[ę] Liekoryſtę tur, on atàuſźimo Ligg[o]ſ kuno karſźcźius. Sing[u]lare remedium habent ad refrigerandum in morbis corporis ardores. 86–87 (printed in Ipacź, Liggůſ, Singnlare). This is a quotation from Pliny the Elder, which means "has a special healing property to cool the heat of 26 the body in illnesses" (about wild grapes). The negative influence of the unification of the Daewoo family is not understood. Neq[ue] ulla res and this proves that proofreading errors can be expected not only in Lithuanian, but also in Latin quæ ad placand[os] De[o]s pertinet, præterviſa eſt. Cic. 86 (buvo atspausdinta placandum Deus, 25 The preface to the 1997 publication (SC 19) mentions only two quotations, from Pliny and Cicero, soon forgotten aptarsimą Horacijaus citatą, identifikuotą SC 223. 26 Naturalis historia, XIV. 99 (in some editions the numbering of chapters varies, but it will be about the beginning of the last third of Book XIV). The entire work of Pliny has not yet been translated into Lithuanian. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 21 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 in words; moreover, some copies of Cicero's text (and modern editions) use praetermissa instead of praetervisa with almost the same meaning). It is Cicero's phrase from In Catilinam, III.20, which means "Nothing that is but the feminine form of the goddess was called the ancient Lithuanian 27 (and therefore Roman) deities in general; therefore it would be appropriate to say that the word priklauso dievams permaldauti, nėra [ =nebuvo] praleistas“. Deiwjû čia pažodžiui yra deivių, goddess (plural) one of the ancient meanings is simply "deities" (not only feminine deities), cf. plural people feminine gender in ancient writings. In the LKŽ, by the way, this meaning is not mentioned for the word goddess, although in Mažvydas’s sentence Those gods can’t give you anything good, the meaning of the word used is exactly this (‘deities’; in that context, the deities mentioned by Mažvydas are in fact masculine). You're already Bob, but you want to be seen. Fis anus & tamen vis formoſe vidiri Horat. 4. Carm. From. 13 81. As indicated, this is a quotation from Horace's Odes (Carmina, IV.13.2–3). The original is the end of the 2nd line and the 3rd line of the so-called IV Asclepiades stanza, and the Lithuanian translation is very close to the original meter. 28 Some quotes from Roman authors are left without authorship references. These are they: Why hast thou not heard, neither hast thou heard the word of Saquis? Digna tuo cur ſis indignaq[ue] nomine, dicam 76. This is the first line of Martial's epigram III.34 (hexameter). The Lithuanian translation is also a hexameter (when declamating it, one should make the elision vert’ argu, as in Latin hexameters), thus it is an early (although not the oldest) Lithuanian hexameter line. The entire epigram of Marcellus is as follows: A modern translation can be 27 read in this book: Marcus Tullius Cicero. Languages, translated by E. Ulčinaitė, Vilnius: Pradai, 1997. P. 118-169. 28 A modern translation can be found here: Horace. 2nd ed., translated by H. Zabulis, Vilnius: Vaga, 1977. P. 183. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Lotynų–lietuvių kalbų žodynėlis Sapūno ir Šulco gramatikoje | 22 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 Digna tua cur sis indignaque nomine, dicam. It's not a black and white thing, it's a black and white thing. The epigram is dedicated to a girl named Chione. The Greek name Chionē (Χιόνη) means roughly "Snow White", or "Snow", and the whole epigram means "Why you are worthy and [at the same time] unworthy of your name, I will say: you are cold [=passionless] and you are black [=dark-skinned, which was not considered the ideal of beauty by the Romans]: [so] you are and [at the same time] are not Snow White". There is also a modern translation of this text, as well as of almost all other (except the most obscene) epigrams of Marcellus. From the choice 29 of this epigram to illustrate the syntax it seems that The authors of the Compendium, although Lutheran pastors, valued the joys of life and Roman wisdom. It can be noted that on page 84 the word combination love a girl is chosen to 30 illustrate the management of jokes; but the phrase pareimi mylėjęs 8 probably means „pareinu padaręs paslaugą draugui“ or similar (cf. Donelaičio usage pamylėti = pavaišinti DM RG 116), because otherwise the question would arise, from what exactly institution the speaker comes (stops). What's the good news? Whose good? 79. Although a short phrase, it is known from Cicero's Pro Roscio (84, 86 etc.): "Whom did it [the murder of Roscius' father] benefit?" Cf. the current phrase (perhaps ultimately derived from this Ciceronian speech) "Whom 31 did it benefit?" 29 See. Marcus Valerius Martialis. Epigrams, translated by A. T. Veličkienė, Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 1998. P. 74. 30 By the way, as mentioned, in 1706, Schultz’s son, Jonas, published translations of Aesop’s fairy tales (among them were also scenes from the famous fairy tales of Fedro and Horace) into Lithuanian. He may have inherited his interest in ancient literature from his father. 31 See. : Marcus Tullius Cicero. Languages, translated by A. Kučinskienė, Vilnius: Pradai, 1997, 35–88. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 23 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 Sugryſźtu walgus. Redeo obſonatu 85. Although it is a short phrase, it is a quotation from komedijos Dvyniai 32 (Menaechmi 277, 288). Pažodinė šio posakio reikšmė yra „grįžtu Plautus having prepared his meal (e.g., after shopping in the market)", but this is not a translation error, but a possible figurative meaning. 2.2. Bible quotes The text of the Compendium also contains about 90 Lithuanian and corresponding Latin quotes from the Old and New Testaments, usually with precise references. The Latin version of many of them coincides with the Vulgate text (or differs only slightly) and corresponds to the Lithuanian text. However, there is a case where it seems that the wrong equivalent from the Vulgate has been chosen for the Lithuanian text: Girriaſi Piktybe, ſve iſź Piktybês ſwo. Gloriatur Peccator in decimus an[im]æ ſuæ. Pſ. 10, 3 79 (was printed in annotated form). The reference to the Psalm is correct, but its Latin text means “the sinner boasts in the desires of his soul” (A. Rubšis and Č. Kavaliauskas 1998 translation: “For the wicked boast in the designs of his heart”). It seems that the place from Ps 52:3 (Vulgata 51:3) gloriatur in malitia („boast in wickedness, who is mighty in piktybėje“; visas sakinys: quid gloriatur in malitia qui potens est iniquitate? „kodėl giriasi iniquity?“) would better fit the Lithuanian text. A. Rubšis and Č. Kavaliauskas version: "Why didžiuojies, negarbingas galiūne, savo darbu nedoru?“). Tai galiausiai patvirtina įtarimą, kad pradiniame gramatikos rankraštyje visi ar beveik visi lietuviški žodžiai ir sakiniai buvo be translations, and Latin translations were later added by another person, thus Teofilis Šulcas. 32 A modern translation of the comedy (by Aleksejus Churginas) can be found in this book: Antikinės komedijos, sud. 1989, pp. 445–504. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Lotynų–lietuvių kalbų žodynėlis Sapūno ir Šulco gramatikoje | 24 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 3. ŠIUOLAIKINIŲ VERTIMŲ NETIKSLUMAI Finally, it is worth mentioning the inaccuracies found in the modern translations of the Compendium's Latin prefaces (accordingly written by Schultz) in the 1997 edition. They are varied, many of them minor or like poetic narratives, but a few of them slightly obstruct the understanding of the facts set forth in the prefaces. In the preface of the Original, on the unnumbered pages (SC 48, 50), there is the rengiamas naujas šio paminklo leidimas, tai būtų verta patikslinti. following sentence: Multa & ferè ſexcenta forſitan (ſectes gentis Lithvanicæ originem, nonnullorum Grammatices præcepta reſpuentium, & ex uſe addiſendam lingvam, contendentium, objectiones) monenda occurrerent, niſi ne monſtri ad inſtar appareant, timor obicem poneret, & aurem quaſi vellicaret tritum illud & verisſimum Veriverbium: Vino vendibili non opus east ſuſpenſâ hederâ. It means (translated almost literally): “Many and almost six hundred [a Latin phrase meaning about “nine powers”] doubts [monenda: remarks, warnings] might arise (if you took into account the origin of the Lithuanian nation [and] the reproaches of some [people] who despise the rules of grammar and learn the language from practice when it is positive), if the fear that they would not become a bad sign [or “monster”], did not put a barrier [to them] and did not come to mind [literally “nibble the ear”] the worn-out and very correct truth: good goods do not need advertising [literally “nibble the ear”]. “a wine that is sold (=well bought) does not need a hanging raven” [which, according to Erasmus Adagia 589C, was used as an advertising sign in Roman taverns]]. It is clear that the sentence is an allusion to Klein's grammar postscript, which contained possible objections of opponents to the idea of writing a Lithuanian grammar and then breaking the subparagraph. These reproaches were basically the following: 1) Lithuanian language originated from a mixture of languages, in addition, has many dialects, so it is impossible to write a grammar; 2) you can learn a language better from practice than from grammar. Schulz, not wanting to enter into such a discussion, only says here that there could be nine powers of this kind of reproach (monenda), but they are not worth paying attention to. The words “if MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 25 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 you take into account the origin of the Lithuanian nation” are an allusion to Klein’s already crushed reproach that Lithuanian language originated from a mixture of languages, but the fact that it was not said was not a surprise to Schultz. Otherwise, why would the Lithuanian syntax be illustrated with „lietuvių kalbos“, o „lietuvių tautos (gentis Litvanicæ) kilmę“, galbūt reiškia, kad Sapūnui ir passages from works of Roman authors, while the verse fragments are translated using the metre? In Klein's grammar, by the way, the quotes of classical authors are not used. In the unnumbered pages of the preface (SC 50, 52) among the reasons that determined the publication of this grammar, the following is mentioned: ex tam crebrâ deſriptione ortus timor, ne citra tum fear that against the interests of the Inventor on the one hand, and of the Author on the other hand [these Lithuanian Inventoris, tum Autoris Gratiam typis concrederentur „iš tokio dažno perrašymo kilęs language principles] would not be entrusted to the printing press [=printed]”. From this we see that in the 17th century, as could be expected, copyright was viewed more liberally than today: many made copies of this work (probably borrowing the original from Schultz), until eventually Schultz began to worry that someone would not print the work and take the revenue from its sale. This also explains why Schulz calls himself an “author”: the Latin word auctor (here the late variant autor) can also mean a legitimate owner with the right to sell his property. Thus, Schultz, having inherited Sapūn’s manuscript, considers himself, as we would say in modern terms, the owner of the property rights of the author and makes it clear that this was the former will of Sapūn himself (in the subtext called the Inventor). There is no reason to doubt that. By the way, although on the title page this work is called Compendium gramãticæ Lithvanicæ (‘A summary of Lithuanian grammar’), it is constantly mentioned in the prefaces. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Latin–Lithuanian dictionary in Sapūno and Schultz grammar | 32 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 SNT – Holy Scripture: Old and New Testaments. The Old Testament was translated from Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek, the preface, introduction and glossary of ST concepts and explanations were written by Prel. Prof. Antanas Rubšys. New Testament from Greek translation, introduction and NT sąvokų žodyną parašė kun. Česlovas Kavaliauskas, Vilnius: Katalikų pasaulis. Online access: biblija.lt. VUL – The Latin Vulgate. Prieiga internete: www.biblestudytools.com/vul. LITERATŪRA Biržiška Vaclovas 1960: Aleksandrynas: senųjų lietuvių rašytojų, rašiusių prieš 1865 m., biografijos, bibliografijos ir biobibliografijos. I: XVI–XVII amžiai, Čikaga: Kultūros fondas. Buchienė Tamara, Palionis Jonas 1957. Pirmosios spausdintos lietuvių kalbos gramatikos. – Pirmoji lietuvių kalbos gramatika, Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla, 9–63. Dietelmair Johann Augustin 1760: Die Heilige Schrift des Alten und Neuen Teſtaments, nebſt einer vollſtändigen Erklärung derſelben, welche aus den auserleſenſter Anmerkungen verſchiedener Engländiſchen Schriftſteller zuſammengetragen, und in der holländiſchen Sprache an das Licht geſtellet, nunmehr aber in dieſer deutſchen Ueberſetzung aufs neue durchgeſehen, und mit vielen Anmerkungen un einem Vorberichte begleitet worden von D. Johann Auguſtin Dietelmair, der heil. Schrift Prof. ord. zu Altorf, und Archidiac. der Stadtkirche. Der neunte Theil, welcher die Weißagungen und Klaglieder Jeremiä enthält, Leipzig: Verlegts Bernhard Chriſtoph Breitkopf. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Lotynų–lietuvių kalbų žodynėlis Sapūno ir Šulco gramatikoje | 33 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 Eigminas Kazimieras 1997: Kristupo Sapūno ir Teofilio Šulco „Compendium Grammaticae Lithvanicae“. – Sapūno ir Šulco gramatika, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 9–32. Hanzíková Ludmila 1988: Názvy kalhot v češtině z hlediska principů sémantické motivace. – Sborník prací Filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity. Studia minora Facultatis Philosophicae Universitatis Brunensis A 36, Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Filozofická fakulta, 95–101. Koženiauskienė Regina 1990: XVI–XII amžiaus prakalbos ir dedikacijos, Vilnius: Mokslas. Strockis Mindaugas 2007: Klasikinių kalbų kirčio žymėjimo įtaka lietuvių kirčio žymėjimui: daktaro disertacija, Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas. Stundžia Bonifacas 1997: Pratarmė. – Sapūno ir Šulco gramatika, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 5–7. ZM 2014: Das „Zwischenmanuskript“ zum Altpreußischen evangelischen Pfarrerbuch 6. Saalfeld bis Szypulowski. Auf der Grundlage der Sammlungen von Friedwald Moeller bearbeitet von Walther Müller-Dultz, Reinhold Heling und Wilhelm Kranz, Hamburg: Im Selbstverlag des Vereins [für Familienforschung in Ostund Westpreußen e. V. Quellen, Materialien und Sammlungen zur altpreußischen Familienforschung (QMS)]. Gauta 2020 12 09 Priimta 2020 12 30 MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Lotynų–lietuvių kalbų žodynėlis Sapūno ir Šulco gramatikoje | 34 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 LATIN-LITHUANIAN GLOSSARY IN THE 1673 LITHUANIAN GRAMMAR BY SAPŪNAS AND SCHULTZ Summary A short grammar of Lithuanian, written in Latin and published in 1673 in Koenigsberg, referred to as the Compendium, was written by Kristupas Sapūnas (in German known as Christoph Sappuhn) and published by Theophilus Schultz (in Lithuanian known as Teofilis Šulcas). It has been a consensus among scholars that Schultz, to whom Sapūnas had bequeathed his unpublished manuscript, published it, years after the death of the original author, with his own additions; yet, in the absence of the original manuscript, it is not always clear what exactly these additions are. Almost all Lithuanian words mentioned in the Compendium are accompanied with Latin translations; thus we have a de facto Lithuanian-Latin glossary consisting of 1380 entries. Most of the words are translated well, but the peculiarities of the translation of certain Lithuanian grammatical forms suggest that the translator had to mentally translate them into German first before producing the Latin version; also, certain similar-sounding or homonymous Lithuanian words, which could not have presented any difficulty for a native speaker, seem to have confused the translator. From this a conclusion can be drawn that in the original manuscript by Sapūnas (who was beyond doubt a native speaker of Lithuanian) the Lithuanian words had no accompanying Latin translations, and that these were added by Schultz (who was a Germanophone Prussian). Yet, despite these minor shortcomings inevitable with a non-native speaker, Schultz must be commended for his work in preserving for the posterity this interesting document on Lithuanian as it was spoken in Lithuania Minor in the 17th century. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS. Lotynų–lietuvių kalbų žodynėlis Sapūno ir Šulco gramatikoje | 35 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.13 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 KEYWORDS: Sapūnas, Šulcas (Schultz), Compendium, glossary, translation, Latin. MINDAUGAS STROCKIS Lietuvių kalbos institutas Petro Vileišio g. 5, 10308 Vilnius, Lithuania [email protected]