Paprastųjų žodžių terminizavimas Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos „Taisliuje Augyminiame‟

AlbinA Auksoriūtė. Paprastųjų žodžių terminizavimas Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos Taisliuje augyminiame 175 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas ORCID id: orcid.org/0000-0003-2099-3735 Research areas: history of Lithuanian terminology, terminology of natural sciences, terminography, terminology resources. DOI: doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2023.96.09 pApRAstųJų ŽODŽIų tERMInIZAVIMAs JURGIO AMBRAZIEJAUs pABRĖŽOs TAISLIUJE AUGYMINIAME ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: Jurgis Ambraziejus pabrėža, augalų genčių vardai, terminizavimas, motyvacija, metaforiniai terminai. The article examines the emphasis of Jurgis Ambraziejus in his 1843 work Taislūs paprastieji to meto kalbos žodžiai. The semantic motivation of plant genus names augyminis pateikti žiedinių augalų genčių vardai, kuriuos jis sukūrė terminizavęs is analyzed, the names of plant genera presented by J. A. emphasis are compared with the names presented in Povilas Matulionis's Herbarium, the Lithuanian Dictionary of Botany, the Dictionary of Lithuanian Language, the Dictionary of Botanical Names, and it is indicated which of the names presented by J. A. emphasis in the work have been adopted in current usage. Abstract The article deals with the names of the genera of flowering plants given by Jurgis which emphasize coined by way of terminology of colloquial words of that Ambraziejus pabrėža in his 1843 work Taislius augyminis (“the system of plants”), time. the article contains analysis of the semantic motivation behind the names of the genera of plants, in which the names for plant genera he had created are compared with the names in povilas Matulionis’s Žolynas (“names of plants”), Lietuviškas botanikos žodynas (“A Lithuanian Dictionary of Botany”), Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (“A Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language”), and Botanikos vardų žodynas (“A Dictionary of plant names”); It also lists the names of plant genera in pabrėža’s work that have taken root in current usage. 176 BEnDRInĖ kALBA | 96 ĮVADAs Jurgis Ambraziejus emphasizes (1771–1849) is known as one of the leading Lithuanian pirmosios pusės produktyviausių žemaičių autorių, palikusių didžiulį rankraštinį palikimą. Iš jo minėtini pamokslai, botanikos, medicinos, geografijos darbai. „Šiandien J. pabrėža, įvertinus jo iškilų gyvenimą ir veiklą, naturalists of the 19th century. In the 19th century, he is presented as a far-sighted natural scientist (botanist, pioneer of botany, geographer, author of the first Lithuanian textbook of geography), a sensitive doctor (promoter of folk medicine), a wise educator tojas, mokslininkas, menininkas, bibliofilas, poetas) ir tik galiausiai, nors (the learned are first of all, as a sincere priest (priest, Franciscan tertiary, preacher, orator)“ (Oželis 2020: 10). During J. A. pabrėža’s lifetime, none of his works was published, only at the initiative of the Lithuanian-language newspaper Dirva, a part of the largest manuscript of J. A. pabrėža, called Botanika or Taislius augminis, was printed in 1900. Several of his works have been prepared and published by the 21st century linguist Dr. Rita Šepetytė: Taislius augyminis (I vol. 2009, II vol. 2014, III vol. 2015), Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėžos „Geografija“ (2019), Pamokslai vairingose materijose, sakyti Ambroziejaus Pabrėžos (2020). J. A. was the first to describe the plants of Žemaitija in his native language, was the first author of dictionaries of botanical terms (for more details see Dagys 1972: 15–25), and the first to present the principles of creating plant names in the article written in Polish Uwagi tyczące się ułożenia doskonałey Flory Żmudzkiey. Miłosnikom Flory Żmudzkiey i znawcom języka żmudzkiego, poswięcone (Notes concerning the compilation of a perfect flora of Žemaitija, 1834). This article was published in Kosmas magazine in 1922-1923 by Jurgis Elison, who discovered it in 1921 in the bookshop of the monastery of Kretinga among the manuscripts of J. A. pabrėžos. In the article J. A. emphasizes how tribal names should be created so that they correspond to the spirit of the Žemaičių language: 1) the name should indicate the characteristic characteristics of the genus species; 2) the name may be a value from the Latin language systematics; 3) in Latin systematics the name of the genus in the living colloquial language, while knowing that the same plant can be distinguishedplant properties. J. A. emphasizes repeatedly that the name should indicate but it should be noted that today it is sometimes difficult to determine whether the name of the plant is a value pritaikomas taip, kad jo galūnė ir skambesys atitiktų žemaičių kalbos dvasią; 4) vardas gali būti sudarytas iš būdingo žodžio šaknies ir -iškės (Elisonas 1923: 291). Reikėtų pabrėžti straipsnyje J. A. pabėžos išryškintas svarbias augalų vardų kūrimo nuostatas: pagrindiniu augalų vardų šaltiniu jis laiko or a derivative of the Lithuanian language, because most Latin names in Latin are gai įvairiose vietose vadinamas, siūlo rinktis, šių laikų terminais kalbant, motyvuotą vardą – priskirti augalui tą vardą, kuris parodo ryškiausias to AlbinA Auksoriūtė. Paprastųjų žodžių terminizavimas Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos Taisliuje augyminiame 177 motivated, reflecting the characteristic properties of that plant. In 1843 J. A. pabrėža būdingas augalo savybes. kaip galimą jis nurodo lotyniško vardo vertinį, finished writing his most important work Tayslós augumyynis kóremy taalpynas augimys ligszioł raastosys teyp muusosys kayp nekórios swetszaalys só prijungymó abładny prajoowa weykała yr sóraaśźima waarduu paprastuuju teyp źemaytyszku, kaypo pruusyszku, łaatwyszku, yr Z. Sz. T. Prączyszkaus yszdóuts meetusy 1843 (~ taislius augyminis, which accommodates growths so far found in our country as well as some foreign countries with the addition of abladniai prajovo work and census of names of common as Žemaičių as Prussian, Latvian, and names of taislinių Žemaičių with Latin. waarduu tayslyyniu źemaytyszku só łotiinyszkays. Par kónyga Ambroziejó Paabreźa bówósiiy koznadyiy yr mookitojii Kretingos mokslyniićźioy, tercyorió through priest Ambrozėjų pabrežą former koznadiejus and teacher in kretinga scholarship, tertiary Z. sz. Francis, issued in 1843). hereinafter this work will be called abbreviated – Taislius augyminis1. „the manuscript itself, which consists of 1042 pages (p. LXII preface and p. 980 text), the second – to name them. In botany, morphology is the first step. so did J. A. emphasizes: his introductory part of Taisliaus is the morphology of plants, or organography“ (Dagys 1972: 16). The second part of the 980-page manuscript is devoted to plant systematics, describing 643 flowering plants and 158 spore plants and fungi genera. The names of the flowering plant genera presented in Taisley's Plant Names were examined J. A. pabrėža kūrė apie aštuonerius metus (1835–1843)“ (subačius 2009: 10). Jau iš veikalo pavadinimo galima suprasti, kad jame pateikta augalų sistema, kuri apima ne tik pas mus augančius augalus, bet ir kai kuriuos svetimšalius, duodami žemaitiški, lotyniški, prūsiški ir latviški jų vardai. kaip pastebi botanikas Jonas Dagys, botanikos „terminija susideda iš 2 dalių: morfologinės ir sistematinės. pirmoji reikalinga augalams aprašyti, by Robert Gedrim. He analyzed in detail the formation of compound and conjugated names of the genera of flowering plants (Gedrimas 2004: 182–196; 2005: 81–92). 1 In the title of the manuscript, which is not written by J. A.’s hand (Šepetytė 2009: 7), there is an error, which was first noticed by Giedrius subačius. The adjective's growth base word is the growth used by J. A.'s emphasis. For more on the language and spelling of J. A. accent, see G. subačiaus (1996: 10–113; 2009: 9–28) straipsnius. 178 BEnDRInĖ kALBA | 96 J. A. emphasized the division of flowering plants into 23 groups (classes), and in the 24th group described the ringless plants, i.e. spore plants and fungi. J. A. emphasized three main ways of creating terms: 1) termination, 2) new creation, 3) borrowing from other languages. The termination of common colloquial words of the time and the names of plants used in colloquial language are more than 28% of all names of flowering plant genera. the main way of creating plant names of J. A. emphasis was the creation of new names (see Gedrimas 2004: 185). This article examines the names of flowering plant genera of the Taisliaus vegetation, which J. A. emphasizes created by termination of ordinary spoken language words, i.e., his dialect words. There are very few names of plant genera created in this way in Taisley's botanical, the article analyzes only 20 names of genera. The majority of J. A.'s emphasis on the termized genus names consists of popular plant names used in colloquial language, which are not the subject of this article. A separate study on J. A.’s accentuated plant names created by termination has not been carried out so far, so the novelty of this article is that it examines J. A.’s accentuated plant names created by termination of ordinary language words. It should be mentioned that only R. Gedrimas, analyzing J. A. pabrėžos geography textbooks, discussed the termination of common words for naming various geographical concepts (Gedrimas, 1999). The purpose of this article is to determine which names of 2003: 121–126). flowering plant genera J. A. pabrėža created by termination of common words of the colloquial language of the time, and to achieve this goal the following tasks are posed: to clarify the motivation of the names of the plant genera under consideration, to compare the analyzed J. A. pabrėžos plant genus names with the names presented in Povilas Matulionis's Herbarium, Lithuanian Dictionary of Botany, Lithuanian Language Dictionary, Dictionary of Botanical Names, to determine which of the names presented in J. A. pabrėžos work and what form they acquired in current usage. descriptive, comparative, semantic analysis methods are applied to the examination of plant names. 1. tEORInIs pAGRInDAs The international standard Terminology work – principles and methods refers to the use of existing forms of language as one of the methods of term creation, and existing forms can be used to create new terms through such methods of term creation as conversion, termination, semantic transfer and borrowing. termination – the process of transforming a common AlbinA Auksoriūtė. Paprastųjų žodžių terminizavimas Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos Taisliuje augyminiame 179 language expression into a term (IsO 704; 2022: 67–68). Similarly, termination is defined by other foreign authors, indicating that during this process a word or phrase of the common language is transformed into a term that denotes a concept in the special language (see Valeontis, Mantzari 2006: 7; Gt; Eurotermbank). In Lithuanian terminology, the concept of termination is defined more broadly than in the works of the foreign authors mentioned above: when describing termination, we are talking not only about the conversion of ordinary common language words into terms, but also about the conversion of dialect words or phrases into terms, and this process includes all the usual ways of changing the meaning of a word (the formation of a figurative meaning, the spreading and narrowing of the meaning) (see: keinys 1980: 64; klimavičius 1996: 4–7; 2006: 55–56; kaulakienė 2001: 28; Gedrimas 2003: 121–126; kvašytė 2005: Šalkauskio Terminologijos teorija ir lietuviškaji filosofijos terminija (1925, 1927, 1934), which he published in 76; Jakaitienė 2010: 191; Gaivenis 2014[1983]: 131–135; 2014[1996]: 26–27; 2014[1997]: 4–7; 2002: 51–53). Jau pirmame teoriniame lietuvių terminologijos darbe – filosofo stasio four issues of the scientific journal Logos of Kaunas University, there is written about termination, but S. Šalkauskis does not use this term. Discussing the three main sources of terms, as the first one he points to the adaptation of human language words to the need of terminology and distinguishes four ways in which human language words are introduced into scientific terminology: “a) refinement of the human language word; (b) the extension of the meaning of the word; (c) narrowing the meaning of a word; d) elevating the meaning of the word by analogy” (Šalkauskis 1927: 12). It is only worth noting that terminologists since the 1970s, unlike Mr. Šalkauskis, distinguish only three ways of changing the meaning of words, and such distinction can be explained by the fact that both the expansion and the narrowing of the meaning of a word by termination of a word is its definition. “In any case, ordinary words, having entered into the system of terms, acquire a special, defined meaning” (keinys 1980: 64). The terms used in Lithuanian terminology to describe the process of converting a common word into a term vary: terminology (keinys 1980; Gaivenis 2002), terminology (Gaivenis 1983, 2006; stunžinas 2007, 2018), terminology (klimavičius 1996; Gedrimas 2007, 2018). 2002), terminizacija (Gaivenis 1997, 1996; kaulakienė 2001; klimavičius 2003; kvašytė 2005; LtB; (2010). In the opinion of Regina kvašytė, “when speaking about the transformation of words into terms, it would be more appropriate to 180 BEnDRInĖ kALBA | 96 nija, t. y. terminų visuma, todėl logiška ir trumpumo reikalavimą atitinkanti form is termination (or hybrid form with Lithuanian suffix formed and their use tradition, so terminizavimas)“ (kvašytė 2013: 134). Manau, kad minimi termino variantai terminizacija2 ir terminizavimas yra sistemiškesni, galima sakyti, kad jau in the article I use the term termination, only in quotations are given the terms used by the authors. as Kazimieras Gaivenis observes, “terminologization more often narrows than expands the word’s extension, making it more specific” (Gaivenis 2002: 29). We notice this and analyzing the plant names presented in J. A.’s work, the motivation of terms and its importance are viewed unevenly3. Some terminologists particularly emphasize the importance of motivation, for example, nes J. A. pabrėža terminizuotiems paprastiesiems žodžiams suteikia konkrečią specialią reikšmę – pagal panašumą ar kokį nors kitą požymį įvardija konkrečią augalų gentį. Aiškinantis, kaip ir kokiu būdu buvo sukurtas terminas, paprastai ieškoma įvardijimo motyvų, tad kyla motyvacijos klausimas. terminologijoje į sabela Fernández-silva, the most appropriate type of terms, because they not only broadly represent the concept, but also in their form show part of the content of the concept Judit Freixa ir Maria teresa Cabré nurodo, kad motyvuoti terminai atrodo (Fernández-silva et al. 2009: 21), motivated terms open the door to the understanding of concepts, because they allow the concept to be identified quickly and efficiently (Fernández-silva et al. 2009: 24). sergiusz Grinev-Griniewiczius believes that motivation helps to understand and learn the relevant concept more easily. According to him, structural and semantic motivations are most widely used when creating new terms. structure, their structure indicates their significance. semantic motivation occurs in words with a secondary meaning that can be predicted based on the primary meaning (Grinev-Griniewicz 2011: 34). Terms created by termination do not have structural rinė motyvacija matoma žodžiuose, sudarytuose iš jau žinomų reikšminių or action motivation, because they became terms not by action, so they do not have action characteristics. In this case we can talk only about semantic motivation, 2 Jonas Klimavičius writes that the terms terminography, termination, transtermination, determination brought in the autumn of 1970 from Kiev (Klimavičius 2002: 133). terms (Myking 2009: 39–53; 2020: 6–30). In the case of a word that is used in a metaphorical sense, a thing is named not simply, but using an already existing word, and a new word is not formed, K. Gaivenis does not attach much importance to the motivation of terms. According to him, “motivated terms are easier to remember and their place in the microsystems of terminology is determined faster. but in general, motivation in terminology does 3 Johanas Mykingas, nagrinėdamas įvairių autorių teorinius terminų kūrimo modelius ir aspektus, savo darbuose gana išsamiai analizavo motyvacijos sąvoką kaip vieną iš svarbių not play a decisive role, because perfectly used and completely unmotivated terms, as well as apžvalgas dar žr.: Gaivenytė 2000: 19–25; Gritėnienė 2006: 24–29; Lubienė 2015. AlbinA Auksoriūtė. Paprastųjų žodžių terminizavimas Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos Taisliuje augyminiame 181 foreign words, whose motivation is completely incomprehensible to us. <...> motivation is more important for species terms than for genus terms” (Gaivenis 1998: 91). tik atsiranda nauja (metaforinė ar metoniminė) reikšmė (Urbutis 2009: 73). In my opinion, motivation is important in terminology, because the motivated term is easily understood and without definition, but it must be admitted that not all the motivated terms are clear and we can understand it. Sometimes it is difficult to trace the motives for naming some concepts due to the individual approach of their creators or the analogy known only to them, according to which they choose to terminate the ordinary word of language. When examining the motivation of plant names in the northern Panevėžys council, Aurelija Gritėnienė emphasizes that the motivation of the name is often determined by the subject itself, “plants have particularly many distinctive features, so the motivation of their names is very diverse. However, even in this case, when the category itself is a prerequisite for the diversity of motivation, it is often the case that the choice of the name is determined not only by the essential distinctive feature of the plant, but also by random associations, the flying imagination and creativity of language nagrinėjant J. A. pabrėžos sukurtus augalų vardus galima ne tik atsekti jų sukūrimo motyvus pagal būdingus požymius, bet ir pamatyti autoriaus fantaziją ir kūrybingumą. „paprastų terminologizuotų žodžių turinys gali gerokai pakisti. terminas users” (Gritėnienė 2006: 27). the latter thought of the scientist should be neretai tokie terminai, nepaisant vieno iš tradicinės terminologijos reikalavimų – stilistinio neutralumo, yra ekspresyvūs ir skiriami prie metaforinių terminų. k. Gaivenis pabrėžia, kad terminologijoje vaizdingumo dažniausiai nevengiama tada, kai siekiama išryškinti skiriamąją (distinktyvinę) tersupported, because it acquires special sems, which the ordinary word does not have” (Gaivenis 2002: 53). mine function. Expressive terms are often created in kitos, dažnai griebiamasi vaizdingo lyginimo. Vaizdingumo neišvengiama the terminology of systematics, because here, in order to distinguish one species or genus of plants or animals from and when the distinguishing feature is considered to be the impression of the researcher made to him 182 GENERAL LANGUAGE | 96 Plant or animal named, or some characteristics of a plant or animal subjectively evaluated (Gaivenis 2002: 45–46)4. przemysław Dębowiak and Jadwiga Waniakowa, analysing the semantic motivation of plant names, emphasize that metaphorical plant names, which are abundant in botanical nomenclature, are secondary names, therefore quantitative classification: 1) appearance of plants; 2) plant characteristics; (3) the location of the plant; 4) consumption of plants (Dębowiak, Waniakowa 2019: 175–176). nu atveju reikėtų iššifruoti metaforos pagrindą, t. y. pirminę motyvaciją. Jie pateikia keturis pagrindinius veiksnius, lemiančius augalų vardų seman2. PLANT GENERAL NAME, SOURCE OF TERMINIZATION OF COMMON LANGUAGE WORDS The names of plant genera, as J. A. emphasizes, are metaphorical terms because, based on the characteristics of the plant or a certain similarity to the object to which this characteristic is characteristic, the name of the object is transferred to the plant. Explanatory of the genus of plants under consideration įvardijimo motyvus pirmiausia žiūrėta, kuo ta augalų gentis išsiskiria, kurią paprastojo žodžio reikšmę ėmė J. A. pabrėža, kuriuos augalo būdingus bruožus jis iškėlė, ar tą motyvaciją galima paremti išleistuose augalų vardynuose ir kitoje botanikos literatūroje pateikta informacija. J. A. pabrėža terminizavo paprastuosius žodžius augalų gentims pavadinti pagal augalų išvaizdą, naudojimą ir savybes. 2.1. Names derived from the appearance of the plant To name most of the plants in question, even fifteen out of twenty, J. A. took the emphasis on the simple words of the language, with which he metaphorically named plants according to the similarity of the appearance of flowers, inflorescences, fruits, seeds and leaves. Names motivated by the appearance of flowers and inflorescences. it is the most abundant group of plant genera. Her names J. A. emphasis created based on the shape and color of flowers and inflorescences. Most common words are terminated according to the shape of the flowers and inflorescences: 4 A lot has already been written about Lithuanian metaphorical terms in various fields, cf. : Baltrūnaitė 1998: 36–47; Gaivenytė 2000: 19–25; stunžinas 2006: 62–73; 2018: 56–92; Vladarskienė 2012: 83–92 et al. AlbinA Auksoriūtė. Paprastųjų žodžių terminizavimas Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos Taisliuje augyminiame 183 baydikła (~baidykla). – Himantoglossum. – (Zungenorchis. Willd.) (tA 639/ II 4615). is a genus of the orchid family, whose flower lip consists of three parts, and the middle part is much longer than the others and twisted, so the flower looks quite strange. Apparently, J. A. emphasized that it looked ugly, so he named this plant, see. MnE; 2, pg. 4. Himantoglossum LkŽe; Himantoglossum cf. Maple (Gudžinskas 1999: 80), Maple – bear (Gudžinskas 1999: 21); bóórbóls (~burbulas). - Trollius. – (Bluff.) (tA 389/ II 211). To name this plant J. A. emphasis chose the word burbulas because of the similarity of the shape of the flowers, this is confirmed by the Lithuanian Botanical Dictionary (LBŽ): Tróllius europaeus (Latin trulleum – round vessel, the ancient Germans called this plant Rolla, Goldrolla, so everywhere the roundness is emphasized, because the flowers of the plant are round, spherical) – common bubble (Mln), sin. bubble (F6) LBŽ 355; bubble 6. Rs bot. ‘bubble, flood (Trollius europaeus)’: krp7 LkŽe; See also 2006: 64–65; kooćźiéłs (~kočėlas). – Alopecurus (tA 51/ I 185), plg. Alopecúrus (Greek alopex – fox, ura – tail; inflorescence resembles fox tail) – wild bird (Mln), sin. kotėlis (p) LBŽ 16; kotėlis (brus. кaчaлa) [k], J, R 3. "Alopecurus alopecurus (L.) The name of the tribe is taken from Slavism used in colloquial language. It is remarkable that J. A. emphasizes it chosen without following the Latin term motivation; plg. Aloperus (35) was named “cochet” because of the appearance of the inflorescence (now the normal name of the genus – wild-flower) (Jankevičienė 2009: 35); kraamy. – Échium (tA 143/ I 279). The name of this genus, created by termination of a dialect word, coincides with the motivation of the Latin name of the plant, pgl. Échium vulgáre (Greek echis – snake, snake; 5 After the source abbreviation tA is given the page number of the manuscript, and after the slash – the volume and page of the published work. 6 F = J. Fiedorowicz. A catalogue of wild plants and some assimilated around Illukszta by X. Jozef Fiedorowicz from 1818 until now observed and determined, według Układu Linneusza roku 1851 napisany. Nazwiska roślin po łacinie, po polsku i po litewsku (rankraštis). 7 after the colon are the abbreviations of the locations from which the dictionary provides examples. 190 COMMON LANGUAGE | 96 If we compare the motivation of the names of the flowering plant genera created by J. A. accent with the motivation of their Latin names, it can be observed that the motivation of only six names coincides (see table 1), but it is not possible to say that in those cases the J. A. accent followed the Latin names, because both the Latin names and the names created by J. A. accent indicate the main characteristic of the plant. TABLE 1. Latin and Lithuanian names of plant genera with the same motivation Latin name Latin name Latin name Latin name Latin name Trollius bubble Round shape of the rings. The flowers are similar to the head of a serpent. Lýchnis fire Bright color of flowers. The fruits are similar to the blakes. Senecio žilė peržydėjusio augalo sėklų skirstukų spalva panaši į žilų plaukų spalvą. A red dye is obtained from the roots of the plant. The name of the town, which was originally written in the Latin alphabet, is derived from the name of the town's former owner, whose name is now known as the same as the name of the town. the names of the three flowering plant genera are used in the same way as in J. A. accentuation work: švigė, švieva and žilė. The endings of the names of six genera have been changed, they are now considered derivatives of the endings: aklė, burbulis, geltė, pentinius, raudė, žydrė, see table 2. It should be noted that this form of the names of these plants, except for one blue, is already presented in the Povilas Matulionis plant nomenclator Žolynas. Parts II. The Lithuanian Plant Dictionary and Plant Tail (1906) is the first printed dictionary of botany in Lithuania. In the preface to the dictionary, Mr. Matulionis listed the sources he used, and among them, as the first, he presented the dictionary of J. A. emphasis Botanika or Taislius auguminis, printed in America in 1900 (see Auksoriūtė 2019 for more details). however, as can be seen in Table 2, Mr. Matulionis slightly changed the names of J. A.’s emphasis. AlbinA Auksoriūtė. Paprastųjų žodžių terminizavimas Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos Taisliuje augyminiame 191 2 LEntELĖ. Augalų genčių vardai terminografiniuose šaltiniuose J. A. pabrėžos Precise J. A. pabrėžos vegetative Botany or Taislius auguminis (1900) by p. Matulionis Žolynas (1906) Lietuviškas botanikos žodynas (1938) "Botanik vardų žodynas (1998) blyzgy shine (~blizgė)". shine – shine ria Moonflies (tA 451/ II shine 273) 115 38 204 183 gaiva gaywa gaiva (~shine). – sana (tA Lápfaiva 631/ II 453) gaiva 124 35 189 171 źyly (tA 600/ II 422) (~žilė). – 14 Senecio 54 zilė zile 320 zilė zilė 273 aklis (421/ II 243) (~blind). – 110 29 149 Galeópsis 137 blind blind bóórbóls blind blind (~burbulas). –bubble Trollius. – bubble (389/ II 211) bubble 116 59 355 bubble 302 gełta (~gelta). – Serrátu- (573/ II 395) la gelta 125 54 321 274 gelte pętyns gelte (~pentinas). gelte –pentin pentinius Delphínipentinius um (374/ II pentinius 196) 142 23 116–117 109 źiidra rauda (~rauda). – Rúbia (101/ I 237) rauda 146 raude 51 raudė 301 raudė 259 (~azure). Muscari (244/ II 66) –blue blue 163 blue blue 41 blue 226 199 gaysra (~gaisra). – Lýchnis (tA 312/ II 134) gaisra 124 gaisrana 205 gaisrana 205 gaisrena 185 The name of the genus is Gaysra (~fire). – Lychnis (312/ II 134). Now this genus is called by the suffix -ena derived from gaisrena, cf. gaisrena in BVŽ 185. In Matulionis's Herbarium the name is given as gaisrana with the reference J. A. pabrėžos raštų paimtas vardas, tas pats vardas pateiktas ir Lietuviškame that it is from the botany dictionary, only with Mr. Matulionis's reference, and as a synonym J. A. emphasizes gaisra, cf. gaisrana (Mln), sin. fire (p) LBŽ 205. 192 COMMON LANGUAGE | 96 CONCLUSIONS 1.The termination of spoken language words by J. A. Taisley in the vegetative is the second most productive method of creating plant names. The 20 names of flowering plants discussed in this article, created by termination of ordinary colloquial words, represent about 12% of all termination of flowering plants. 2. the names of the plants are characterized by semantic motivation, they are classified as metaphorical terms. The motivation of most plant genus names created by termination of ordinary language words is clear, only two names created by termination of abstract nouns (freshness, love) have conjectural motivations. 3.J. A. emphasis created most of the plant names based on the appearance of the plant – as many as fifteen, and nine of them are motivated by one of the most important characteristics of plants – the appearance of flowers and inflorescences: form (e.g.: bubble, crown, pentine) and color (e.g.: fire, blue). five common words for the naming of plant genera according to the appearance of the fruit or seeds (bleached, shiny, snail, dark, yellow) and one according to the appearance of the leaves (lilac). the motivation of only two names clearly related to the use of plants (yellow, red, da). terminizuoti paprastieji žodžiai nurodo ne tiesioginį augalo naudojimą, bet jo rezultatą – iš augalo dalių gaunamą spalvą. Analizuojant augalų vardų motyvaciją atsiskleidžia J. A. pabrėžos kūrybiškumas, ypač tada, kai augalai pavadinami pagal paties autoriaus įspūdį ar asociaciją (blind, scarecrow, cossack). 4. svarbu pastebėti, kad dauguma įvardijimo motyvų pasirinkta pagal būdingą augalo požymį, nesekant lotyniškais augalų vardais. nors šešių J. A. pabrėžos sukurtų vardų motyvacija ir sutampa su lotyniškų atitikmenų motyvacija, tačiau kai kurie jo terminizuoti paprastieji vardai does not indicate direct tracking by Latin names (bubble, slurry, fire). 5. half of the discussed names of flowering plant genera created by J. A. emphasis iš 20) vartosenoje prigijo ir yra oficialiai vartojami augalų nomenklatū- (10 roe. It should be noted that three names have come to our days unchanged, such as those proposed by J. A. emphasis: blizgė, gaiva, žilė, the ending of five of the names presented in the Taislius botanical dictionary was changed (burbulis, geltė, pentinius, raudė, žydrė) and the suffix -ana (gaisrana, now gaisrena) was added to one name already in the first botanical dictionary printed in Lithuania in 1906 – p. Matulionis Žolyne, and the name žydrė with the changed ending is recorded in the Lithuanian Botanical Dictionary (LBŽ 1938). AlbinA Auksoriūtė. Paprastųjų žodžių terminizavimas Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos Taisliuje augyminiame 193 ŠALtInIAI LBŽ – Lietuviškas botanikos žodynas, red. J. Dagys. kaunas, 1938. LkŽe – Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (t. 1–20, 1941–2002): elektroninis variantas. Redaktorių kolegija: Gertrūda naktinienė (vyr. redaktorė), Jonas paulauskas, Ritutė petrokienė, Vytautas Vitkauskas, Jolanta Zabarskaitė, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2005 (atnaujinta versija, 2008). prieiga internete: www.lkz.lt. tA I – J. A. pabrėža Taislius augyminis. I–223, par. 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Paprastųjų žodžių terminizavimas Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos Taisliuje augyminiame 197 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ tERMInOLOGIsAtIOn OF COMMOn WORDs In JURGIs AMBRAZIEJUs pABRĖŽA’s TAISLIUS AUGYMINIS summary the article analyses the names of the genera of flowering plants created by Jurgis which he coined by way of terminologisation of colloquial words of that time. In Taislius augyminis, terminologisation of the words of Ambraziejus pabrėža in his 1843 work Taislius augyminis (“the system of plants”), spoken language is his second most productive way of creating the names of plants. the twenty names of the genera of flowering plants created by way of terminologisation of colloquial words that this paper examined, account for about 12 per cent of all names of the genera of flowering plants created in this way. Research showed that the plant names analysed are characterised by semantic motivation and can be attributed to metaphorical terms. the motivation for most names of plant genera created by terminologisation of common words is clear. nine plant names were created by pabrėža on the basis of the appearance of the plant: the shape and colour of the flowers and inflorescences (e.g., burbulas, karūna, pentinas, gaisra, žydra), five common words were made into terms to designate plant genera by the appearance of their fruits or seeds (blakė, blizgė, sraigė, tamsa, žilė), and one by the appearance of its leaves (lielė); the motivation behind two names is clearly linked to the use of the plants in questions (gelta, rauda), and the motivation for three names can only be guessed (aklis, gaiva, meilė). Half (ten out of twenty) of pabrėža's names of the genera of flowering plants discussed in the article have been adopted and are officially used in the nomenclature of plants. KEYWORDS: Jurgis Ambraziejus pabrėža, plant genera names, terminologisation, motivation, metaphorical terms. ALBInA AUksORIŪtĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas petro Vileišio g. 5, Lt-10308 Vilnius [email protected] 198 COMMON LANGUAGE | 96 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ pApRAstųJų ŽODŽIų tERMInIZAVIMAs JURGIO AMBRAZIEJAUs pABRĖŽOs TAISLIUJE AUGYMINIAME Abstract The article analyzes the emphasis of Jurgis Ambraziejus in his 1843 work Taislūs paprastieji to meto kalbos žodžiai. The termination of spoken augyminis pateikti žiedinių augalų genčių vardai, kuriuos jis sukūrė terminizavęs words in Taisley's vegetative emphasis is the second most productive method of creating plant names. The twenty names of flowering plants discussed in this article, created by termination of ordinary colloquial words, comprise about 12 percent of all termination of flowering plant names. The study showed that J. A. emphasized the names of plants based on the tyvacija, jie skirtini prie metaforinių terminų. Daugumos augalų genčių vardų, sukurtų terminizuojant paprastuosius kalbos žodžius, motyvacija yra aiški. Devyappearance of the plant: the shape and color of flowers and inflorescences (e.g., bubble, crown, pentin, fire, blue), five simple words for termination of plant genera based on the appearance of fruits or seeds (bleak, shiny, snail, dark, green) and one – based on the appearance of leaves (purple), the motivation of two names is clearly related to the use of plants (yellow, red), and the motivation of three names can only be guessed (blind, fresh, love). Half of the names of flowering plant genera created by J. A. emphasis (10 out of 20) have been adopted in usage and are officially used in plant nomenclature. ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: Jurgis Ambraziejus pabrėža, augalų genčių vardai, terminizavimas, motyvacija, metaforiniai terminai. ALBInA AUksORIŪtĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas petro Vileišio g. 5, Lt-10308 Vilnius [email protected]