Biržų tarmės įvardis

LITHUANIAN PANTS ROS KLAUS I M ALR LTETUVOSTSREMOKSLŮ AKADEMI JAA BIRŽŲ TARMES NAME I. JASINSKAITE The Biržai dialect belongs to the East Pointians. The syllable tarméjc is retracted unusually conditionally of each short limb, — iš o iš long limbs not removable. Very abbreviated word endings: short vowels are dropped or dropped, long vowels and diphthongs are abbreviated. The dialect is slightly influenced by Latvian. The area of the Biržai dialect covers the surroundings of Biržai within a radius of about 10 km. Here is a description of the name of that dialect. The pronouns of the Biržai dialect, like literary languages, are divided into personal, conjugated, adjective, demonstrative, indicative, questioning, relative and indefinite. There are some differences in their usage from the usage of literary pronouns, e.g. : In the Biržai dialect, the adjective pronouns manas, tavas, savs, maniškis, taviškis, saviškis, mūsiškis, jusiškis are not recognized, and instead of them the adjectives mano, tavo, savo are used; instead of lk katras used in the dialect of the pronoun Auris; pronoun every in dialect is replaced by Belarusian kožnas. A little more from lk. differs in the pronunciation of dialect pronouns. As in Ik., some pronouns are changed only by vowels and numbers — these are so-called non-verbal pronouns, others are changed by vowels, numbers and nouns — these are verbal pronouns. The nonverbal pronouns include the I and II person personal, adjective and pronouns who, nobody, everything. They usually replace nouns in a sentence. Relative pronouns—all the rest. They replace adjectives in the sentence, 1. Non-verbal pronouns Singular as, d'šeevūšei, tu, tije~tujei mand ~maniés, mani~mang, man ~mang, tavėš-vtaviės, tavi'sotavė, tdii~tave, savėšmvsaviės, savi"mvsavė, sdfi~ save to me, to you, to yourself mani*~mang, mai ~mane, tavi-~1tavé, tdii~tave, savi*~save, sdii~save to me, ddl, sdil. See mani" =vmanyjė, tavi'=tavyjė, savi'~vsavyje mumi'$m-mumysė, ns OZ A 187 Plural mé's, ju's mú'su.eo ours, ji'su.~jiisy mum, jum mum, jum mum, jum . See jumi'$~jumyseé TRZAL Vn. ward. longer forms have an added emfating particle. Because IT personally, by adding a particle -oh, there was a gap, it interposed j, o po j -ai > -No. By analogy ir I asmeny added -ei instead of expected - Ai. Vn. kilm, three forms are used. The first forms have the root noun vn. i kilm, an ending, which is probably newly introduced by vn. ir dg. natives with trunk / limbs. The forms manė, tavė, savė with the finalis added to the noble do iš forms that have arisen su -x. It is used in the sense of the final. The short ir forms are the old forms of the nobleman's final form. In dialect, they are still used in the sense of a nobleman's — suffix, and lk, in the sense of a suffix alone. ir Vn. naud, the softness of the form mdn » indicates that -i<-ie fell here later than Ik,, so nm has not yet solidified. Vn. gal, see vn. kilm. Vn. inn. phonetically su identical vn. kilm. — gal. short forms, but to consider them as forms of the same origin as if there were no basis, Similar vn. in. The forms are found in some other dialects, as well as in 0 the part of Latvian dialects. Dg. caud. has a widespread form in dialects be -s, formed from other plural nouns, which in these dialects have binominal endings. ar Dg. gal. ir in. coincide. The form of the wing corresponds to Lk. The form mumi, only in the dialect is dropped by analogy with other -s dialect plural nouns su dropped according to dialect phonetic laws. Dg. ir 7 the suffix is completely different from lk, the corresponding form. The same forms are found in some other ir Lithuanian-Latvian dialects. ir Endzelynas considers such final forms as utilitarians or subordinates, used in the final sense*, As is true, it is difficult to say. iš Singular V. kds, none, everything K. kd ~kod, niėkamoniško, viskd'-— everything N. to, nothing to, nothing for kiū'reoką, G. nįeku.=one thing, viskid'~visk§ Į. kdeokuč, niėksoniekū, nieko~ni€kuo, viskd~viskud i Zr. Dr. Fr. Kurchat, grammar of Lithuanian Language, §§ 854, 855, 859, Halle, 1876, J. Endzelins, Latvian grammar, 347 $, Riga, 1951. 2 Zr. J, Endzelins, Latviešu valodas gramatika, 352 $, Riga, 1951. 188 The conjugation of these pronouns from lk is not very different. The pronoun viskds in the dialect has an entirely o terminal pronunciation, lk.— $root, These pronouns have only the singular. 2, Family pronouns "Family pronouns are most convenient to review by stems, stem Singular tas, tasg~tasai, a ši.tasmošitas, ki.tsmekitas ta ~1o, ši.tamošito, ki.ta~kito tam, ši.tam, kitdam tw ~13, ši.tu. ~ it, Ri. tu.~kitg tŠrotuo, ši.torošituo, kir~Kiti ldm~tame, šitame šitame, kitdm~~Kkitame . < Plural tŽrotič, ši.resošitie, kii~kit ti, §.tu., itd tiem, ši.tem, kitiems tBs~tuds, ši'tosešituos, Airs=okitūs tssmotais, Em~taim, §.res~Sitais, Siftem~3itaim, kitfs~Kitais, kitEm~kitaim Vt. tuds~tuose, $.tos~§ituose, kirubs~Kituose Also used are ands, katrds, vi.sus~ visas. Vn. viet. has a strong-end instead of the expected strong-end. Tvirtapradé pregaidé here, apparently, arose from nuudininka, which in dialect coincides with localising, falling from its final -e. su Dg. caud. have shapes be -s, derived from other plural nouns, which in dialect have binary endings or binary noun forms, Dg. inn. has two forms. The first forms coincide su The second is a specific dialect reformation. Everyone has this limb Dialects of Biržai (in) a conjunctions of root nouns. Especially they are attached from Northweį st of the city, where lk. forms are almost not used. The basis for such forms was in the dialect morphology itself. Since the nouns of all other roots have binary endings in the plural noun, they end in ar -m, e.g.: galodm, akim, pelėm, sumim, tom, baltdm, baltdšom. By analogy su with them terminal -s (in) root noun a plural suffix was replaced by -m, taken from the binary ending. In this way, the forms kalnim~kalnaim, tem~bataim, brdlem=-brėliaim, tém~taim, §.cem~Sitaim, baltim~baltaim, baltaisem~baltaisiaim, etc., etc. LK. forms are apparently bd newer, appearing in the dialect later, Ik. under the influence. Thus, the termination of these specific Biržai forms arose by means of contamination, crossing the old 189 (in) root a plural noun ending with a new dialect plural noun su character -m. It may have been helped to take hold by the Latvian inhabitants of rēviem type su ending -m. ia stem Vienaskaita jis, jisėmojisai, tūks, toksé~toksai . jatesjė, toRd ~tokid jdm, tokam jit~il, toki" tokį . jB~jud, tbk~tokili, . rokd~tokiud jdm~ijame, tokdm~tokiame QZAS < (T Plural ji~ii&, V. tokšeutokič ji“, toki jiēm, K. tokiēm jds~ijuds, N. tdkS~tokils, tokds~tokiuds Gi jés~jais, jém~vijaim, tokésé~tokiais, Į. tokéni~tokiaim See juos~ijuose, rokubs~tokiuose Also, kdks, jks, nejdks, ši.toks, ir kitdks are conjugated. All of these pronouns have little difference in their conjugation from lk. conjugation of the corresponding pronouns. Vn. ward. emphatic pronouns used in dialect. Vn. viet., dg. naud., dg. in. differences from I'm going. explained as stem pronouns. a Pronoun rŠks, unlike It is an oxymoron. In addition to the usual vn. inn. ir dg. gal. forms this other type of pronouns ir have longer forms to with unabbreviated endings of the latter form lk. su — not used. Pronouns §.coks, kirdšks, nejdks are pronounced at the o ne root, at the ending, like other pronouns of this stem, o stumenas Singular td, V. shi.to, Ritemkita K. tds~1ds, ši.tos-ošitos, kitds~kitds di, N. ši.taimošitai, kitai tautą, ši.tu,cošitą, G. ki.tu.mokitą ši.ro, ši.teošita, L 18, kiz~Kkita See tdi, this, that 190 Plural 10s, Ši.tos, ki.tos ti, šitu., kid tom, ši.tom, kitėm tds, ši.tos, ši.tseošitas, kirs~Kkitds tdm, ši.tom, kitėm tds~tose, ši.tos=ušitose, kitds~kitose STPZAS Also used is and "ana", katrd "katra", vis~visa. Vn. ward. interesting form type:d with unusual ending, It is possible that this is the remains of emphatic forms, Emphatic part -ai began to mark in dialect masculine ivardZiuotiniy forms singular noun, and feminine gender in substantive forms with the pronoun -ji (-ja), tas. the pronoun could by analogy begin to perform the functions of an emphatic particle. Thus, according to bdltasai, baltoji, (baltdja) next to the emphasic pronoun rasai could have appeared tdji (tdja). The fact that ši the newly-emerged form was not a pronoun in the dialect is shown by the fact that the pronoun is added only in the singular noun, and in addition, pronoun pronouns are not used in the dialect. In this way, zdji, (reja) became dj in dialect, and then td. This abbreviation in the Biržai dialect is phonetically possible, plg, vn. viet. šakdė<šakojė, galvd < galvojė, where the final vowel also fell, and then j. In the nominative dialect forms of the type baltdj<balt6ji (baltėja) j remained, because it emphasizes the connection of the nominative form with the pronoun ji, and that connection is still quite strong in the dialect. Thus, forms of the type zd should be regarded as abbreviated emphatic pronouns of the same kind as the dialectal forms of the type rasé~tas. Vn. inn. forms of unclear origin, phonetically coinciding with the masculine a stem vn, are used next to the usual forms. inn. forms. Vn. viet. should be:0(j)<tojė, but according to vn. caud. used form rdi, because the singular natives of other stems are also closer to the utilities. Dg. caud. and in. has forms without -s, like all other dialect nouns, Dg. gal. the form type ds phonetically corresponds to the corresponding masculine forms. Assume that 0 trunk dg. gal. :0s<this seems to be unfounded, because the feminine gender of nominative adjectives is dg. gal. balrd'sis <baltansias shows that m was in this ending, and adjectives are conjugated by pronouns, so the form eds has some other origin. Perhaps, this type of form, as well as vn. in, similar forms, are masculine forms. used for some reason in the feminine sense, stem to Singular V. ji*, jini~ijinai, tdk~tokia, toki, roks' K. jds, tokds N. jdi, tokdi 191 G. ji'~iji, toki ~tokig I. jė, rdReutokia See jdi, tokdi Plural V. jės, tokds ji, toki jdm, K. tokdėm N. G. jės, tdks~tokias I. jėm, tokdm See jdsmojosė, tokds~tokiose Also, kdR~kokia, koki*, ir jék~jokid, i.zok~8itokia, visdk~visékia, kitok~Kkitokia, The last three pronouns are pronounced entirely at the root. Pronoun zdk~tokid ir Other to pronouns of this type, unlike lk., are entirely oxytones in the dialect, Vn. ward. the form of the type roki' seems to be of the same kind as 4, št.to, and, namely, emphasic with a fallen limb. So roki' <*tokyji (*tokyja), which shows that the ending of the pronouns next to the stem jo su -ja in dialect was in ir the ending of su pronouns -I < -ji', e.g., the first component of the pronoun *tokyji (*tokyja) and, perhaps, 0k < toki, That such dual endings are possible in its stem, among other linguistic facts, is also shown by the dual nouns of its stem in Lithuanian, e.g.: valdžid, dvasia bet marti. Vn. int., vn. viet., dg. naud., dg. gal. and dg. inn. have the same type of forms as o trunk, therefore their differences from lk. explained as o trunk. Pronouns pats, pati Singular V. pats, pai~pat K. patéi~patiés, palbs~ pačios N. pačiam, pačdi G. pd'ti., pd-éu.~pitia I. pdėmopačiū, paé~patia Vt. pačdmrepačiamė, pacdi Plural V. pais, pad'éos K. pad, pad N. patibm, pačdm Mr. padi~pacits, paci~padias L pails alone, pacln~ patiaim, patdm See padds~ pačiosė 192 *« As you can see, in some syllables this pronoun has old i stem endings, e.g., vn. ward., vn. origin, vn, gal, and dg ward. From Ik. differs unit which is adjusted to vn. naud,, as in other pronouns. Unlike the female, the male's head is covered in a cap. In the plural noun, the masculine genus next to lk, forms have a form with a specific Biržai ending, which has already been discussed. 3. Compound pronouns There are compound pronouns, e.g. ki.tkas, kaškas, kaživkas, kažinkoks, bilkas, bilkatras, bilkdks, They are conjugated as their second components. Composed pronouns né_viéns, ke kas conjugated as viėns, kas, pronoun tas parts conjugated both words, pronoun toks. pa? — the first word. MECTOHMEHHE BUPXXAUCKOI- 'O M0BOPA H.II SIHIHHCKAHTE Pesiome Mecronmsenus Gup:KalficKOro FoBopa, Kak H JiKTepaTypHOIro $3blKa, pa3JeJIFIOTCS HA JIHUHbIe, BO3BpaTHbIeė, IIpHTSKATEJIbHbIeE, BONpOoCHTEJIbHbIE, yKa3aTeJIbHbIe, OTHOCHTEeJIbHbIe, ONpejlleJiHTeJIbHbIe H HeonpejleJIėHHbIe.. B CKJIOHEHHH MEeCTOMMEeHHH OHp:xxalicKOro IroBOpa H JiKHTepaTypHOTO si3biKa HMeI0TCS HeKOTODpbIe pa3JinuKSs. ['oBopy xapaKTepHO aM(DaTHUeCKHe MECTOHMEHHS. Hameuaercsi TeHJeHUMS K YnNpoOLIEHHIO CHCTEMbI CKJIOHEHHS B CBSSH C pacrnpocTpaHeHHeM aHaJIiOrHH. HHTepecHbIe JIHUHbIE MECTOHMEHHS, Iie COBINTAJaioT KpaTKHe (DOpMbI pOJKHTEJIbHOTO, BHHHTEJIbHOTO H TBOPHTEJbLHOrO NajeKOB B eĮĮHHCTBEHHOM YHCJIe, BHHHTEJIbHOTO H TBOPHTENBHOTO IAjĮEXXOB BO MHOXKeCTBeHHOM UKCJIe. OcoOeHHOCTh HeKOTODphIX MeCTOHMEHHH 3aKJIouaeTcs B TOM, TO B €JHHCTBEHHOM UKCJIE COBIIAJAIOT ĮAaTEJIbHbIė H MeCTHbIH TIAJleKH. Y HEKOTOpbIX MeCTOHMEHHH MYyXCKOH H JKEHCKHI poOojį HMEIOT Te Ke (DOpMbI BO TBOpHTeJbHOM Majexe eIHHCTBEHHOTO YucJa. B rosope BcTpeyaercs cneurpuyeckoe HOB006pa30BaHHe —(DOpMbI TBOPHTENBHOIO Majexka MHOKEeCTBEHHOFO YHCJIa MECTOHMEHHH MYXKCKOFO pose. 13. Questions for Kaiboltyra IT,