S. Daukanto pastabos dėl G. Neselmano žodyno

LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, V LIETUVOS TSR MOKSLŲ AKADEMIJA S. DAUKANTAS’S NOTES ON G. NESELMAN’S DICTIONARY J. KRUOPAS In discussing S. Daukantas’s lexicographical work, it was mentioned that he used G. Neselman’s “Wörterbuch der littauischen Sprache” (1851) and wrote several dozen pages of notes on individual words in Neselman1. These extensive notes are an interesting source for studying the development of the vocabulary of the Lithuanian literary language; therefore, after the beginning of them (pp. 1–4) was published in volume IV of “Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai”2, the remaining pages (5–36) are published here. [5] Pałəs, a piece or strip of cloth folded in two or three layers / Susti, a child who is dry, wants to sleep / sùsties to be gloomy / Puškas, a watery blister, a swelling on the skin / pùszkùti to blister, to form a blister on the hand / Popute a rash on the hands or feet / Papautas sores on the hands or feet / Dünke pis / Szaszas scab / Mitukas Czaprak / Stute a creaky cart; stutes musztė / Riauszis V bloody / Kramas pl. Kramaj lives in the park / a Jew is nukramis / Kramùtas to chew off a scab / Krame the head of a reptile / Dederwine ringworm / Strazdanotas freckled / kiperšuti to ride at a gallop / Pakirda children /... niecze [The first letter of the word is illegible: perhaps – priderme] / eržinti wajkej to tease girls, eržėn / urdieti, szu urd / Kresnas V crackling, the residue of melted fat / nuwiesi ahus nuwiesis / kedenti to card wool / Patemėnkas [the second letter of the word is unclear—looks like a or o] / ermas monstrum / ermùties to make monsters / Podis egg / Podielis / Sùsis, a horse that has become sùsa / Susti / Gelžgalis old iron / Kiriejus / Plienas / Gejszis / Skarda / Gelambie / Pawilne / Bukti to blunt an axe / Bukis / Krumszlys / Lekis before / Pikczùs / Itartic suspicion; itaremas suspected / Itarti to have a suspicion / imajsyti to mix bread / imajsžimas / iszmajszyti / sumajszyti / Pamajszyti / Pagires / pagirioti / Walktis wos gnoju / Siebierże / Brukstie / iszwepti / kuksznis / skrešti to get dirty / suskrešti, murzskinėj suskrenda / Brešti to ripen / Brinsti to dry up / e.g., żiame nubirnda pradėja žiame brinsti / Blakczoti the fire flickers / Blijkterieti / Twaskieti the fire flares up with a great flame / Bubnoti the fire roars / Spejgas frost / Spejgùti to freeze; spejgùta žiema / Spiginti to freeze intensely; it is very cold / Žildinti milk / Žildyti / Žildinej sużila pienas / Rieszutauti / obùlauti / ùgaunti / grybaùti / grybinieti / obelinas / Gruszynas / Sliwinas / awietynas / Serbentynas / miszyti to mix butter / miszinys / Aszoklynas [Crossed out: Kugis] Pakùge / Brùdis / grybinieti / [6] spragis: a hole in a fence made once, then a caterpillar / spręnkti, sprankstyti: spragi uszprankstyti / ardimas a slit in a woven fabric / atardyti to unpick the weave / ardaj, arkitaj / Dauba a hollow / P. Nesel. kaž. pisa seli Saliklinykas I do not know why / stijgaras a stand for fox fur or other skins, or for young geese / dyglys a thorn / dygterieti dygeti / prasilukszti, the flower has already prasilukszta / łukszyties the flower łuksztos / iżyti beans, peas / iżinas / Rieszutų kiawahaj / rupesnis-nie concern / Aglas harsh, uncouth / Skiemù, pl. Skieminis / Adwerniszkaj / Adwerniszka kalba / Rukszła maszczka / Rukszłotas wejdas / Rukszłoti / Žambas field / Kastinys a kind of butter / Kùkole mucus from the nose / Aszminys blade / Parugas buttermilk / Pasùkas. sour milk / Kerna a vessel in which butter is churned / Kernoti to scold, spoil / Dwidugne a vessel / Apsalti to become numb / Stauris a man 1 See J. K r u o p a s, S. Daukantas’s lexicographical work, “Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai,” vol. 4, Vilnius, 1961, pp. 301–317. 2 See ibid. 227 uncouth / Kogalwej / Kogalwes / Kruczkas / Adatinyczia / Agūninas agūningas / Akas in Samogitian, / cketys / needle-bull, not eye / Knospe not “eye,” meaning a bud / not ant akiu pazinti but nu akiu pazinti, ant akiu nupulti to fall ill with an eye disease / Aklei not only Bremze, but akle means a blindfold / Lielis night raven, not a blind crow / Anksztumas crampedness; in Samogitia means, gedrückte Sztime winseldes hundes / iszparpti kaklas iszparpis / Ant antaj, there, in Samogitia also “that one,” nikszt nevertheless / Anksztauți, anksztūti, the bees anksztū, zwiadi pczuł opatrują miejsca / Anksztara, not aksztira / Ansa, handgrip / Gajgalas / Antrinikaĭ means the second crop of grain / Akminynas a place where there are many stones / stiegaras, akstinas feathers that stick out / akstyniczia, places where akstys are laid / Aktowas, not aktawa as in Neselman, the eighth day after a feast / akwata, instead of ukata / akwatus, cheerful / aladzios, pancakes, in Samogitian, in Russian oladi / [7] Nūwolas, a, wedge-shaped (Sz) / Wocziotas, a, afflicted with ulcers / T / Tadū, hence, therefore (Sz) / Talorus, aus, m. a thaler (Sz)/Suraszimas veikalų tapusių metose (Sz) / Tapalas, o, m. (3) paper / Tarma, os, f. speech (3) / Tarme, es, f. that (3) / Nutartinnes kningas, a libel (3) / Patąrle proverb (3) / Prėsztarninkas adversary (3) / Tarpintojis, o, m. the bailiff, court attendant (S) / Taworus daryti, to pitch camp (S), Taworelis, o, m. a tent (3) / Taworine, es, f. a shop (3) / Aptaisalas, o, m. carpet, a curtain (S3) Kortyna / Taizkius, i (?) handsome, stately (3) Okazaly / Tau (3) / Tauszkojis, flap-footed (3) klapnogi / in 3, however, one finds Te / Itakas, o, m. mouth of a river (3) / Telinga karwe a pregnant cow (3) / Teletina os m. veal (3) / Apsitelinu, inau, isu to calve (3) / Patekte (3) / Terliczia an earthen basin (3), a grinding bowl / Terp for Tarp (3) / Nuteru to endure, retain, not let go / Tiesū kningas court records / (3) Tiesas numan̨as. one knowledgeable in the law (3) / Tėsus truthful, just (3) / Tėsadaris the judge (3) / Užtėstuwe, a bedcover (3) / Tetiwa the sinew, cięciwa (3) / ukelis, nutruka / [9] Da is an inseparable preposition; there is no such preposition in the Lithuanian language. P. Nesselman introduced the Polish do among the Prussians; here we use prie, nu, instead of da. / The word dabinu is also from the Polish zdobię, ozdobie; here we have gražinu, išpušti, pūšties, while the Prussians have dabinties. / Daboj, I watch over; dabok żūsys, awys—hunters commonly say, dabok tu szmōtu iszejs wilkas. Hence the word daba means watching over something, a custom among Lithuanians and Latvians. / Here it is not daglas, daglūs, daglis, but degłas, deglus, deglis. / Dagūs is not an imprecise pronunciation of dajgūs, padaigas, dygus; rather, dagus means combustible, something that catches fire quickly. / Not dakaniju, “to answer for”; but dakanoju, “I present,” e.g., wanagas wisztą sudakanojo. / Not dakaś; but takas, sawo takū ejti; this is a saying still used today. / Not dakotas, “a ducat.” Here, the red one is used, because neither dakotas nor dukatas is understood here. / Instead of daktaras, they say gydytojas, wajstytojas / Nesel. has Padalgė; here we have Pradalge / not dalinū; but dalijū, “I divide”; not dalinū, but dalijūš, “I share,” / not donis but dūnis, “a tax, rent.” / Not žuvys izdaryti; but ežehus [erželus] or kujlus, tekuis izdaryti, instead of iszromyti. / The word Padaryste, nedaryste is not found in either the Samogitian or Lithuanian language. / Perdarau V Pardau means “I change clothes,” not “to rework.” Susidarau means “I dress myself,” “several garments”; people also say susidaryk gėraj, kad nesuszałtumi, / not smarstwas, but smakswas, / between these, darbūjus means “I am occupied with something”; to leave something unfinished / Not darga, but dargana is said of bad weather. [10]. Uždirbimas, “earnings”; už is also in Uždarbe, “wages”; uždirbimas is more applicable to some enclosure or fencing, e.g., ar tejp rejkieja awims garda uždirbti; most often užtjasysti is said instead. Apsidirbti means that we have finished all the field work: we have mown the hay, gathered the rye and other crops, and separated the rye; that is, apsiderbom. / Dawadas, here rieda pariedimas / here not dažas but dažive, “color” / here not dažytojis but daživininkas; dažyti means “to make candles again,” that is, to dip them in tallow or wax: dipping candles often in tallow is called žwakes dažyti. / Padažas here means a thin porridge of millet flour cooked in sweet milk, with plenty of butter, into which one dips with a spoon; from the word dažyti, “to dip.” / Not dagis but dajgas, / dajgus means what sprouts; dygus means what pricks, as in dygi erszkėtej. / not dajldiziskas but dajlidinis. / Dajniczia, here milžtuwe; daugėlis is not menge, but the same as tuli, / daugnora, V daugnoris / dauba means a ravine, dūbe a pit, / here they do not say dužėtas, but szukietas; hence szukietas dantis, szukietas sklejniczia. / Dužiš is not “a break,” but a blow / here not debrūs but vebrūs, “beaver.” / Here “grandfather” is boczius, not dědas; proboczius means “great-grandfather,” / not dederwinas, “a braid,” but dederwine, “ringworm,” / not pradiedas but proboczius, / destis here means an event, an incident. / dietuwas pl. waj (dietuwaj) here spaustuwaj. After Zem. BgrābiB, not iszdiejimas but ladojimas. / Pasidieti means to lodge with someone; wedų esau pasidiejusis pas Pona Smugleciu. [11] Dėdūk here is Diewedūk, / degloju or dagioju seems to me to be the same, e.g. / The sacristan says in church dagiok zwakės: not one candle, but many candles, dagiok. / Degas here is gajsras. / Degnis here is degie- 228 With us, degsnis is the plant potentilla tormentilla; with us, not Nedėnis ‘unhappy,’ but nelajmingas; not dėna, but dieni; karwe, dieni kumele; dėndėnu with us means bildīnu, ‘I make a noise.’ tonen donnern, for example, Perkunije subildėja, ‘Perkūnas thunders,’ tiltas bild waziūnt, ‘the bridge creaks as one passes.’ Not uždengte ‘curtain,’ but užhajdine. / We have no such word as Pridaryste, for it comes from daryti, for example rejks deszras daryti. / Not Nesuderme ‘Empörungu,’ but niezgo da. / Not Nie sudara, but sādāras, ‘agreement’ [Further on in the manuscript crossed out: zawieszenie broni]. Derwa is not Kienhols, but smala, for example derwingas medis, ‘resinous wood,’ smoliste drzewo. / Not dešėtine, but deszimtine. / Not dešėtkajs, but deszimtimis. Not Dešėtnykas, but deszimtynykas. Deszimts V deszimtas, not indeclinable, but meaning ‘tenth.’ Not deszimtina dalis, but deszimtoie dalis. Not Deška, but minkytuwis. / Detšėkas is not a word in our language. Not diewajcziu garbiniojimas, but Diewajcziu poseijimas. / Not Deiwe, Gespenst, Nachtgeist, but Wicle. / Diewieti means ‘to wear, use clothing.’ / Not dewinos deszimtis, but dewines deszimtis. / Dewintines is not Frohnleich namfest, but a memorial for the deceased on the ninth day after death. / We do not have Deže. / Not dyba, but dybas, hence dybawoti ‘to exercise at the gallows.’ / Didžiulis is not ein Große, but dummy piszny. / Hence didžiuties, ‘to be proud, to be arrogant.’ / Not didziauj u, but didžiūjus. / Not didzturis, but didzturtis. / Dyge, żuwis with us is pūkis; / Not dygle, but dyglýs means ‘to prick.’ / Padajgas with us is stiegaras. / Dygūs ‘painful,’ dygejimas ‘pain,’ not Ekel; dygieli ‘to prick.’ / Dyselis with us is grūžulas, diszel. / Not Dywas ‘Wunder,’ but stebuklas, hence stebieties ‘to be amazed.’ / Not Dywžajslis, but moninykas, hence monioju, ‘I pretend, imagine.’ / Not dobė, but dūbe. / Not dokuczoju, but szyzinu. / Not doleris, but musztinis. / Not dūttas, but dowinas with us. / [12] Dūsnus, dosningas with us means freigebig, not reich. He himself later says dūsn umas means Freigebigkeit. / Not dadūmi, but pridūmi. / Nudūmi does not mean ‘beim Verkauf etwas anpreisen’; rather, otądaje—for example, nudūmi sawa dukterį už bajorą, už pilonį; even a song says: „tejp tolij žadieta, tejp tolij nudūta dd. Nusidūmi does not mean sich stellen i sich verstellen, but ‘to happen, to occur,’ for example tejp man nusidawia, ‘that happened to me.’ / Padūtuwes is not a word in our language; perhaps it could be applied to an arrested person: asz jam to jest urzędnikowi, padawiau i rankas, and a Verlohungsschmaus. Nudūtuwes. / Not iszpadūmi ‘ausliefern,’ but isz dūmi V padūmi; iszpadūmi is not a word. / Not pardūtimas, but pardawimas; pardūtimas is not a word. / Likewise Pardūszke, Pardūszkej ‘der verkauf’ are not words; instead there are pardosas, plural pardosaj, ‘verkauf.’ / Not pradūkas with us, but pradotkas. / Sudūtuwes might be a betrothal feast, and in the singular sudūtuwė, not verlobungsschmaus. / Not uždawimas ‘Verpachtung,’ but isznumojimas. / Not dūjej ‘Daunen, Flaufedern,’ but pūkaj. / Dūninykas is not properly Bäcker, but dunkėpis, that is, Bäcker. / Dūjoju properly means that very fine rain is falling; hence such rain itself is called wikdūjis; commonly, in such rain, wolves tear livestock apart. / Duka is not ein Thor, but ‘madness,’ as he himself says dukti ‘to rave, rage.’ We do not have Dukas. / Another meaning of dukas, ‘der üble Geruch,’ is expressed with us as dwokimas, dwokti, meaning ‘to stink.’ / Not dukaunas, but dwasizkas. / We do not have duksas, but tukłas, from tukti; hence they say stūtūkis. / Iszduktere is not a word with us; an adopted daughter is called Pflegetochter. / Our potatoes are not dule; dulis with us means a kind of large pear. / Not uždudziu ‘ein fundament legen,’ but pamatauju, from pamatas ‘foundation’; or they say pamatus dedū swirnuj, griczej. / Not dulkti, but dulketi, freg. according to its nature, ‘to be dusty,’ since it is continually dusty, unevenly. / [13] Dulkėna is not a word. Perhaps dulkinas, dulkina, dūna means ‘dusty bread.’ / With us, dūmi, dumti means when fish are caught with a net in a fish trap, so there is a pakriausza or łozniak by the shore; a leg then kicks in the water beneath the lozniak as if a fish had leapt out. If it is there, then this is what dūmi, dumti means with us. / Another meaning is dumples dumti, ‘to press a bellows’; not ‘ich bin in dem Wahne,’ which with us is swajtieji, ‘swajtieju ich bin in dem Wahne.’ / A third meaning, dumiu dumti, is ‘to deposit sand,’ for example upe abdumia smiltėmis łankas V piewas. Už dūmia means that sand has filled the old riverbed and made a new one. / Not dungstu, but dungsnoju, ‘I knock on the bottom.’ / Dunklaju is not a word. / With us, szirdis sint ne dundą; our large fly makes a buzzing sound, dun dun, from dundeti, ‘to buzz.’ / Durnas with us means ‘fool.’ / Durnauju with us means ‘I play the fool.’ / Galwadurejs with us is kulwertejnis. / Dusas with us is dusulys, ‘a heavy cough.’ Dusu, dusieti means ‘to cough heavily.’ / Dranaras with us is pranaras, Maserholz. / Draska gėłžine ‘Eisenschuppe’ is called plostakė with us. / Drąsa is not a word; rather, drąsybe, ‘boldness, courage.’ Not drastus, drastej, but drąsus, drąsej. / Not drawis, but drewe, ‘a bee tree.’ / With us, not draubinu, but wizginu, for example szu ūdegą wizgen. / Padraubelis, padraubele are not words with us; it seems they were formed from padraugelis, padraugele, from draugas, ‘friend,’ from Russian. / Drauczius with us is ragotine. / Sudrausti means ‘to threaten.’ / Not draugalas, but svetmoris; we also do not have draugala, but swetmoterie, from which comes the word swetmoterauti. / Drėbeles with us is žlaugat. / Drebulų with us is apusze. Drebulynas with us is Apuszrotas. / Draugėlie with us means summer cow dung. / With us, not Drėžle, but 229 grieže, ‘a quail-catcher’; Wachtel, with us putnełke. / Drejóju does not mean glatt streichen, but ‘to make stripes like those on a driežas, a lizard’; hence a striped mare is called drėjainis, držiokas, while if it is checkered, marginis. / Drejnelieju is not a word. / Not drybau [4] boja, bosu, dryboti, but drėbiu, biau, siu; drėbti means ‘to throw a wet thing,’ for example driebiau szlapę sermėgą i szali. / Drimbu, dribau, dribsiu, dribti means that wet snow falls in large clumps, for example szłapdraba drimb, kiaura diena szłapdraba driba; another meaning is ‘to be heavy, helpless, unable to control oneself,’ for example a drunk person driba i łową, or a sick person who tries to walk but is weak and falls to the floor: ligonis eidamas driba i asłą. The same applies when a person is very sleepy and can scarcely control himself, for example tiewas nuwargis driba i łową. From this are formed sudribti, padribti, and they say sudribis esu, padribis esu, that is, ‘I can no longer control myself’; one understands that rest is needed. There is also the reflexive verb pasidrebti: if someone, exhausted, falls somewhere and falls asleep there, a passer-by sees that he has lain down in an unsuitable place and says, o tas kami pasidrebis? Hence ‘to lie’ is also dribsoti, for example the master asks, kame Jonas? onska dribsa prisżinykės asfoj; arba dribsa po klewų po wobeli. / There is also the frequentative verb drabstau, tiau, tysiu, drapstyti, for example rudini tekinej drabsta purwus ant ratų, and the compounds sudrabstia, apdrabstia, nudrobstia, for example drabužej nudrabstyti purwajs, or sudrabstyti purwajs. Thus, neither ‘hängen an etwas’ nor ‘herabhängen.’ Nor can one say debesıs dryba; perhaps a piece of cloud nudriba. Commonly, with us, when black clouds hang in some direction, they say debesis nikusa. padribusos akys ‘triefende augen’ is never said; instead, žlibas akys, the noun žlibis, ‘someone who has curious eyes.’ All his compounds are incorrectly explained; from the roots above you will readily be able to understand them. / Not Drygere; with us it is called tekorius, and the verb tekinti means ‘to turn.’ / Not Drigna ‘ein hof um den Mond,’ but wogulys apej mienęsi or Ogulys. / Drigne is not the same, but drigne, plural [dr]ignes, is a plant used for seasoning, well known among us; saka bene drigniu ab-sjedis, ‘perhaps you have eaten drigniu, or will you vomit after eating?’ But he has kolo ‘around the moon’; here he is very much mistaken. / Not driju, but [Struck through: dręsų] drensų; Neselman sometimes gets it wrong. / [15] Not drowiùs, but drowiùs. / Druczkoju with us is trisnoju, from triesti, ‘to defecate, excrete.’ / With us, słapdrugis is Szłapdrugis. / Drugis with us is plęsztęke molyt, from plęsdeti or plasteti, ‘to beat the wings.’ / Drumstas is not Bodensat3, but ‘murky water’: drumstas wandù. / Not drunù, but trunù, for example sutruniejis drabuzis, ‘rotten clothing’; sutruniejusi drobe, ‘rotten linen.’ More properly it is truniejų, more naturally, since this does not happen all at once, but over a long time. For trees one says treszti, and for all woolen and linen cloth, trunieti. / Not sustowieti drutaj, but sustoti drutai, because sustowieti means ‘to produce a lot of manure,’ for example musu kar-wes szi meta daug miesztu sustowieja. / Besides drutas, with us one says druk tas of a round thing, for example drukti rūstaj, dukti kažilaj, druk tas wołas; druk tas żmogus means ‘a fat man.’ If there is thickness, one says storas muras, stora plita, storas stogas, stora siena, storas stiklas. / Drutine deszra is called skrandis with us, not maciek but žwacz. / With us, druk tinù means ‘I make thick.’ / Padwarija with us is kicmas. Padworie is a Russian word. / Not dwasas, but dwasia. / With us, not dwasauju, but dwie-kuju, ‘I breathe’; that is why, it seems, they pull out teeth with us to distinguish it from dwasioju, meaning ‘to die often’; for example musù kialues iszdwągia, dwesų, ‘I am dying.’ / With us, not atsidiwestu, but atsidweśu; more often they say dwase atgaunu. / With us, not neidwesu, but ikwiepù, German anhauchen. / With us, not nudwestu, padwestu, but nudwesu, padwesu, ‘I am dying,’ they say. / Dwaljiu with us means ‘to hobble horses together by the legs’; one says dwajłus sudiejau arklus, or sudwaljiau. Jszdwajliju means ‘I unhobbled them.’ / With us, they do not say dwejste, but dwejiba. / Not dwejoksaj; they say dwejokaj. / With us they do not say dwinys, but dwinaj, plural, ‘twins’; there is no singular. dwinus pagimdias, wienas isz dwinù miria. [6] I would think dwigymis means ‘hermaphrodite,’ not mit zwei Gesichtern, since we have the word dwivej-dis. / With us, dwylas does not mean Schwarzköpig, but ‘dark chestnut.’ / There are words formed from Cypu, and compounds too: cypinu, for example kate pełę sucypina, nucypina; this applies to dogs, cats, and mice, / but for children they say klykłti, for example kudikis klyk; if the child is not crying but doing it out of joy, they say klykautu, nelejsk wajka kad klykautu. Cz Among us people say ketwergas, not czetwergas / Among us it is grinas, also ketwirtas, not czetwirtas. / Among us they say not czaksznoju but czeksznoju, e.g. kiaułe czekszno. / Among us, not czarnyłas but jūdylas. / Among us, not czarniste but zawietes Schwage Kunst, / Among us, not Czarninykas but zawietinykas, Bur-tinykas. / Among us, not czartas but Welinjas, Welnias. / Not czaudmi, czaudu, but they say cziadmi, cziудu, czekam, / Cziaupaus more aptly often opens his mouth as if he wants to speak, then closes his lips again, e.g. nekalb, tiktaj cziaupos. / Not czauszkiu but cziauszku; among us people most often say laksztingata gied ne cziuszk; to other singing birds they say cziuszk. / Among us they say nej 230 cze, nej tin, not nejcz nej te. / Among us, when giving something, they say tie, or sze tau. / Czebūtis seems to me to be czebatis, since the proverb man czebūtis, tau dyglutis, “my little boot, and your barefoot,” explains it: my feet in boots do not hurt, while his, barefoot, hurt. To make a cadence with czebatis, they made czebūtis; at least, that is how it seems to me. / [17] Among us it is not Czeczka or Czyczka, but they say Kąkorieżis, Tannenapfel. Also, among us Czeczka is kapociūš, Hackmesser. / Czediju, among us astankaj łajkau. Among us Czedieju means “I like,” e.g. cziediju kopustus, “I like cabbage”; among us, the second meaning of cziediju is “to save.” / Czekas arklys, among us dułas arklys. / Among us it is not czekis, but they say žyme for “sign” or “mark.” / Among us Czeklis means “well-groomed”; paczeklyti means “to groom a horse”: sharpen its mane, braid its tail, blacken its hooves; and so they say czckūs arklys, “a well-groomed horse.” / Among us, not Czekiju, but żimeju, or ženklinu. / Among us, not Cżekżstas but sziekżstas, e.g. wągi i sziekżsta idjeti. / Among us, not Pacżelinu erganžen, but papilau. / Among us, not Czeledinykas, but darbinykas. / Among us, they say not Czemerej but czemeryczes. / Among us, they say not Čenė but baras. / Among us, not czėnawojų but branginu. / Cžeplýczė among us is Pirtis. / Czeraj, among us they say burtis, žawietis. / Czerasłas among us is czeresna, piningu czeresna. / Among us, not čzerauju but gromulu. / Among us, ęehrung is gromulys. / Among us, not czerepaka but ropuže. / Among us, not Czeresna Kirschen but wieszne. / Czerka among us is taurele, taurie, or stikklélis. / Among us, not czerpe Ofenkachel, but they say pudine; Dachżiegel they call stiegele. / Czerulnykas among us is kraunlejdys. / Cżesas among us is tajkas. / Czesnis among us is pota or gierwe. / Cżestis Ehre among us is góda. / Cżestis among us is godingas. / Nėcżestis among us is nelajma. / Cżestnawojų, among us, is wajszinų, raginu. / Cżėtra želt among us is szietra. / Among us, not Czimpu stumpf werden but szypū, e.g. atsżypis pejlis. / Among us, not czyńczibieraj Kranigs augen but kilczibierius. / A true Lithuanian among us is called tikras Lietuwis. / Among us, not czytas, but [18] Cziukuras. / Czole among us is smałos or derwos wandū or paderwes. / Czopju among us is Cziupu, “I seize,” e.g. jis jį nůciūpia, “he seized him.” / Czożiniejų, among us, is cziužiniejų, meaning “I walk through dew or after rain”; hence nůcziużis means “damp,” po rasas nůcziużis, “damp with dew.” / Cżószke wažoti, among us they say blukę wilkti. / Czudas among us is stebūklas. / Cudziùs sich wundern, among us is stebūs. / Not czulba eine Drobel, but they say Cziubutis, and cziubieti means “to sing like a thrush”; Cziuba Cziubutis is often mentioned in Lithuanian songs. / Not czulka, but among us they say żekė. / Not czulpiu, saugen, but sulpū, žindu; it refers only to a teat. / Among us, not czulpu but szwiłpū. / Cżurksznoju is not saugen den Saft, but upalis V upelis; cżurkszno means “a brook murmuring as it flows slowly”; hence kraujas cżurkszliū tek. / Among us they say burtis, not cżustas. / Among us Cżustininkas is called żynys. / Not Cżustu, niesem, but among us cżiaudu. / Not cżaudau, dziau, dysu, dytl, but cżiaudu cżiaudian diesiu, cżiadieti. / Among us, instead of czui, czyu, pfui, they say we, e.g. wekakas. / Czwelkkis among us is winis, gelżies winis, media winis. / Cżwerjūs sich verstellen, among us they say pasimesti, e.g. mulkiū pasimetis ateja. / Among us, not czwoliju hoch achten, but they say girū, or godoju. / Not dzaugiu but dziaugūs, “I rejoice”; dziuginti means “to entertain.” / Among us, not Dzóla but puszka, undoubtedly named from pauksz or puksz. / Not [Dzauju] Dzowjau but dziaunu, dziowjau; dziąsiu means “to lay or hang out to dry.” Dziustu means “I dry”; dziutis, “consumption.” Not Dżuawa but dziowa, “drought.” Dziowiniczia Małgdare among us is Salikinikas. / [19] Pamuszas, lining. / Not pripampu but pripamstu, because it is a verbum neutrum; likewise not užpampu but užpamstu, neutrum. / Not pantiju pflanden but užstatu; not iszpantiju but isz wadžiu; hence wadas, “a guarantor,” a pledge given as security. / There is no such word as Paldenikas in Samogitia; among us, panedelis means Monday. / Also, not pampu but pamstu. / Not Gwołta Gewalt, but they say warra: waras szauksiu, wara, nekuszink. I even find the word waryti in Milkė’s Grammar: gywolus waryti, “to drive, compel”; hence also durū waras, parwaras. / Pakala Rücken: why pakalas? It is already my first case, singular. / Among us, not Paliepe unter dem Dache but pastogė. / Not Pałocius but they commonly say rumas, plural rumaj, e.g. kas tie par rumaj, “what kind of palace is that?” / Not gwołtiju but iżsżarginu. / The holy one entered a church so full that people could neither kneel nor sit, but only stand. [Crossed out: Parugas; he does not have “whey”]. Raugieju, “I belch.” / Rūba among us means “a line,” e.g. rūbą westi, “to draw a line across a field or forest”; it is a word used when measuring land. / Among us, not Szwołkeję but Aszoklej, “currants.” / Stembras among us is “reeds,” which grow in the river; stimberis is a leafless stalk in autumn, e.g. [Crossed out: notrinu] dilgelu wieni stimberėj belika, łapaj nuszała; or bulbių wieni stimberėj belika łapams nuszałus. / Stiebas means “stalk” when the plant is alive.— / Gaszus, “well-groomed, elegant”; gaszawoties, “to dress up.” / Stoju means “to enter,” e.g. stosu i kunegus. / Pristoti, “to take up service,” e.g. pri dajilidia pristojau, pri gaspadoriaus. / Rune, “sea seal.” Ne buvo nej łajdū—Kas belajdojis numerilius, “There were no gravediggers—who would bury the dead?” / [20] In his work, tinu, niau, tinsiu, tintį, aufschwellen, means “to swell”; a second time it means tinu dalgi, “I flatten the blade with a hammer”; otherwise, one also says kapinti dalgi, / I think the white cat lies among the cattle—the milk in the cowshed... 231 setipsa./Rukszoti, to make wrinkles, active. Noun: rukszłas, wrinkles made. Hence runku, I grow old, I already get wrinkles, intransitive. / Skiatę means, secondly, a selvage of cloth or linen, e.g. a sermiega is sewn from skiautiu, a cap is made from skiautiu. / Satek lis or santeklis, the confluence of two rivers. / He has only Myżu; there is no majżoti, e.g. szu akmini apmażioja, pelo apmażiojota duna, / myżterieti, to pee a little, e.g. kirstas myżteriejau wieną kartą. / Myżsčioju, often myżinti, e.g. numyżink kudiki. Miżoju, jau, siu, miżoti means stripping young lime trees of bark to make a pole; secondly, miżoti means to be eaten by worms, e.g. kirmys sumižoja szuni padwiesusi, kiszki padwiesusi. / Miżas means lime bark stripped from a pole. Lyka is unsoaked stripped bark; soaked bark is called płauszas, / he omitted the word bajłauti, kuriogi asz bajłauti turiu, in Dauksza, fol. 79, whom should I fear? / In Dauksza Pent, now apent, again; absent in Nes. / Szwilpis, a bird, the bullfinch, absent in Nes. / Papéntis, the first end-piece cut from a loaf, from the edge; secondly, papéntis means a small loaf. /— Szratas, a large piece of something, e.g. mesos szratas, a piece of meat. / Szrūtas, plural szrūtaj, a shot for a gun, / Pakėlie, a lodging house along the road where a traveler can stop, e.g. mes turem gėrą pakėle. / Pakėlys, kneecap. / Rażsis, see Rūszis, a nutcracker bird, rażna, from Sajka [21] [Išbraukta: Mąkszinti, to make a hard thing softer, e.g. to soften water, to soften a horse.] Dziowa is a formation, e.g. sergu, I am ill; sirginėju, I am often ill; sargalojū or sargajlojū, I fall ill from time to time; sirgterū, sirgteriejau, riesiu, sirgterieti, to be ill briefly, e.g. kėles dienas pasirgteriejis ir miria, having been ill for a few days, he died. / Sarginu, I tend and look after a sick person. / Miegpuwis, one who sleeps constantly. / miegūstas or miegąlotas, sleepy [Išbraukta: this is absent in Niesel.].Malone Pona Diewa to dar neprastoja, arba garbie Diewu, kad jo dar neprzwelgia. Ūks, miks, neither one nor the other, or neither yes nor no; przestoti, to omit, prażwelgti, the same. / Gajdigste-o, of a rooster, should be gajdigste, but it has been shortened. / Żiulpis, a blinder; / aklis, completely blind; spiritis, sees somewhat, but very little; hence the word spiritinėti, to walk like a blind person. / Żlibis, whose eyes are watering; / wajdinteis, to appear / Auslinda, the May beetle, or cockchafer / Łajdoju, I bury a dead person; still a pagan word according to the understanding of that time, as if they had released the dead into heaven, because the priests ligusonys said that they saw him riding a horse to Heaven; hence the noun łajde, plural łajdes, gravediggers, a memorable word from the time of the plague / absent in Nes. Łapyne is a soup made of leaves, while łapine is a hut made of leafy wood, where beer and vodka are sold during a fair. / Paliepa, a disease of the leg. / Kulkśznis is a little bone in the foot, whereas kulnis is the heel; in Nesel. the reverse / powiecki, wokaj, plural blakstienaj, eyelashes; antakej, eyebrows. / [22] Mażawjkis, a person who squeezes children, that is, mażas wajkas. / Niekdziugis, one who amuses himself with foolishness. / Mergwajkis, bastard; this is absent in Nes. / Not pusmirkis, but pusmerkis, derives from mergiti, not from mirgti, to soak in water; pusmirkis means half-soaked, e.g. linaj pusmirkęj. / Wajkis is the same as bernas, a farmhand, masculine; e.g. wajki sąmdyti, to hire a farmhand. / In Nesel. smaugu and smogiu are the same, verfen, [Išbraukta: zacią] schleudern; smaugū, I begin to strangle someone, e.g. mażne mani pasmaugia, he nearly strangled me; hence nusmaugti, pasmąguti. / Not sasmoga but sansmoga, a sea strait, not marangé; that is, mares anga, from which the Germans made Närungen, between Königsberg and Memel, because before 1304, that is, before the earthquake, there were many openings of the sea in this place; but later they disappeared in that earthquake. / Gajda does not mean Sänger, but a good voice, e.g. Gajdys gėras gajdas, whereas Sänger means giedotojas, Sängerin, Giedotoja. This is the most regrettable thing in Neselman: he treats the first case of the feminine plural as a separate word, not remembering that in Prussia formerly the first case of the feminine plural also ended in as, not os as now. Finding forms ending in as in dictionaries or writings, he assumed they were masculine singular forms; but he was very mistaken. To this day they say, for example, tas gajdys tur gėra gajdą, to ne reijk pjauti, or, tos mergajtes arba tie wajkai tur gėras gajdas, jog tej grażej gied arba dajniu, or tū mergajtiu yra gėras gajdas, kad taip ilgaj gaj giedoti. / Skėrsis properly means a cross; hence skėrskiale means a crossroad, that is, one road crosses another. Skėrsaj means crosswise. / [23] Mace, with us gale, galybe, e.g. Diewa galybe. / Macnus, with us galis; Macnumas, with us [Išbraukta: strong, e.g. a strong little cart] strength, e.g. kas tas stiprumas worielkas. / Macziju, I help, referring only to medicines, e.g. nie metyles nemaczija, and the pill did not help. / Pamaczius, with us paszalpa. / Pamaczncykas, with us pripadietojas, padietojas, e.g. padiek mums szięną pjauti. / Magus, with us szirdis kùkczio. Magoju, with us szelpu, I help. / Magztas, with us Mazgas. / Majėtnastis, with us Tiewiszke or weldieme, / Majeronaj, with us Mejronaj. / Makaris, with us Makaras, a gypsy whip; but Grosse Stab is brukłys, or a club. / Makinu, Mekinu, with us Miknoju. Noun: Miknius. / Makna, with us kutaj, plural. / Maknotas, with us Gaurūtas, płaukūtas, kudłotas, szwabałdūtas. / Makśzna, with us Makśztis. / Mildus, with us Diewabimgas. / Not Numaldoju, but numaldaūju. / Malczius should mean confectioner; Smalkczius is better, since sweets are smakłasnumaj. / Malniczia, in some places with us patmała, as if pati mal; commonly mel- 232 nicze. / Malinys is not a log, but the quantity of grain designated for grinding, e.g. the housewife says, “poras malinių dar lika.” / Wejmalunis, with us Wieja patmala or wieja melniczia. / Manau, with us pojmuję, I understand. / Menu or minu, with us minu, I tread, e.g. antminia żalti, minioju ziame, minu moli, I tread clay; minu linus. / Menu, with us minu, I remember, e.g. kaj żmogus gal minieti, how can a person remember? / Miniejimas, with us, means remembrance, / Minietinas, worthy of remembrance, / Minietojis, one who remembers, / Minawoj, with us, I recall someone, / Misłys, with us Mysle, a riddle, / Menūs does not exist with us, sich verstehen auf etwas, with us I say parsima nyti / Nesimuną, with us neparsimańus. / Atmenu, with us, I recall; atmenūs or atmenąs, recalling. / Atmana, with us minawone. / Atmoną, with us żemsta, e.g. atmonysiu asz tau, I will repay you in kind, means. / Mintu, with us, means consuming winter stores for subsistence, e.g. Szi meta prastaj mitau par visa meta mesos neskoniejau arba nekasz tawo jawu, / mitulis, a yearling. / [24] Apmaudą atgietżi or atgijzti, to assuage anger, / Atmintinai, with us, means that one will remember it later too, e.g. kada płaksiu, tada płaksiu atmintinaj; hence atminsi gintūję dieną. / Jszmanau, with us pojmuję, I understand, devise. / Jszmanymas, with us, understanding. / Iszmanūs, understanding, e.g. Jszmania medzia puszkas dirpti. / Jszmintis, with us, wisdom. / Klug in German, with us bukłūs, shrewd. / Numanus was aptly rendered einsichtig. / Nūmone, with us, notions, / numanau, I understand; nenumanau, I do not understand, e.g. ligonis nenusimana, the sick person no longer understands. / Sumanau, with us, means I know how to do something, e.g. sumanau ratus dirbti, trobesius statyti; sumanus żmogus means a person who is almost a master craftsman. / Użmanau, this word does not exist with us. / Užmenu, with us užminu, I tread on, e.g. užminiau kibirkšti, I stamped out a spark. / Not Ussiminamas, but issiminamas means Erdichtung, Anschlag, e.g. Nežinau, każika issiminaria dirbti. / Mandalas, with us Migdolas. / Mandrus, with us Jszmintingas. / Mangalis, with us Magles or koczio-ne; koczio­ti, with us, to mangle laundry, hence the roller on which the laundry is wound is called koczielas with us. / Mantelis, with us kiriejus. / In the plural, with us Juras, not Jures. Margas, with us margis, a measure of land. / Margimas, Somersprossen, with us atżelas, atwaszes, if they grow from the ground rather than on trees. / Margaloju, with us mirgulūju, means my eyes become speckled; I cannot see well, e.g. mana akys mirgulū. / Margalawimas, with us mirgulawimas. / Pamarginu, I make speckled, / strefig machem means drżintin; stref means drūże. / Matika, with us lopeta, a spade. / Maczius, with us sajkas for grain and liquids, and for length mastas, or ūlektis. / Mażinykas, with us Mażutis. / Mazgas, with us wezel, nodus. / Maskas, with us Maż kas, a little something; with us there is the word możietes, meaning to have little of something, e.g. mo-ziūs dūnų. / Mażkalba, this does not exist with us. / Pamażi, with us Pamażej. / Majtinu, to sustain through the winter, sustentare, e.g. Ar daug bandos majtini? meaning, do you keep much livestock over the winter? / Pawargielis, run-down. / Atlyżti, to cool off after anger. / [25] If mezgu, then it should be mezgzycza, not Mazgzycze, and likewise not Mazgitywe but mezgtuwe. / Mazgoja magzinus, plaanu kojaś, trenku awys. / Mazginys, with us, is not Aufwaschwasser, but the washing itself is called mazginys, e.g. man dar mazginys nemazgotas. / Mazginej, plural, with us, tableware. / Majgas, with us krajkas, if a pile is meant, then with us they say kugis, żagas, / Majgau, this does not exist with us; we say krauti kugi, krauti żaga. / Wiermajnis, with us atskalunis. / Majszas, likewise with us, but sometimes kulis, hence kołyta. / Majsznoju, with us musznoju. / Majsze is not the same as Majszas. Majsze means one sewn from two broad drabuli, into which hay is packed for three or four days for a pair of horses when travelling; this is called Majsze. / Majtinu, with us, means to feed, e.g. ar daug bandos majtini? It derives from Misti; noun mitas, food. / Mauda, Sorge, is absent with us. / Maudżiu, with us apmaudauju, I am angry. Apmaudas means anger, not Sorge or Mühe. / Mauju, streifen, with us maunu or Mauju, e.g. maunu kepurę, mauk kepūrę, put on your cap; pamowia ant baslo kaukole. It means to pass right through, e.g. iszmowia par girę, he went quickly through the forest; antmauk kajlinius, put on a sheepskin coat; parnowę ragotini, pierce it with a saw. Užmow[a], with us Rankialka. / Maukiu, with us mauku, I drink in one gulp, e.g. wisą izbona iszmaukia; hence małkas. / Mieklinu, with us mieklinūs, I look closely. / Mīkūnu, with us Mīknoja. / Mielas, with us Gypsas. / Mieras in Russian means chalk. / Mielinas means Gros-blau with us, while Blau is źdrydas. / Mielyne, with us, means a bruise, while Mielene means Blauberre. / Melus, with us Blewosas. / Miemi Pamiemi, Pamiędmi: such words do not exist with us. Mienajuu, with us, to obtain, to announce, / Mienesininka[s], with us, does not exist. / Mente, with us Petiomente; Mente, with us, a wooden spade for digging potatoes. / Biksztinti, to encourage, to induce someone to do something. / Not drowiūs, but drowiūs, I am getting married. / Durinu, I walk aimlessly. / Durinieti, as if looking for something. / Antsidurti, to find unexpectedly what one was looking for. / [26] Instead of this Majsze, others have a sack of the same kind, but plaited from thick cords as thick as a little finger, woven like a net and called regtis. / Mantelis, Kiriejus. / Mentūre, with us mentūris, something used to stir porridge. / Miera, with us Sajkas, sejkięti. / Mieris, with us cielus, or sykis, to reach. / Mierininkas, with us pejlis. / Miernas, with us widutinis. / Mieri- 233 tojis u nas sejkje tojis. / Merginūs, u nas erzinu. / Merkiu u nas Merku moczę mirkau często Merkiu mit den augen winken. / Zdami się nie Trimirka, lecz Primirka bo słowo primerkti sumerkštau u nas susimerku. / Mernas feücht u nas dregnas. / Mersziu u nas merdėju albo mirsztu. / Messinin-kauju u nas niema. / Mestoj u, u nas mastuju. / Mestwaldis u nas Piļeswiras / Pamiestis u nas Papilis. / Meszkoj u nas sterinu V styrinu / Mėszunkis, u nas mieszalunkis Krampf / Mieta u nas Mietra. / Metas u nas stuļpas. / Kas met, u nas kas meta. / Szimet, u nas szi meta, / Tūmet, u nas tū metū. / Metele u nas metyle. / Metkasz u nas niema / Mentlikas u nas niema. / Metra, u nas Wiele, Szmiečka, from the word szmajytiės, to show oneself like some shadow. / Metmenis u nas Mesmenis. / Metūs u nas Metas horse, and metūs to lead oneself astray: Ziurkes jisimetia, bees swarm into an apple tree. / Mitinas u nas Metimas. / Metykle Schleuder u nas Swilknis. / Metmenei u nas Mesmenei, / Atmatas, a field let lie fallow and turned into meadow, singular Atmata. / Pamatas u nas not Schweilbalken, but foundation, e.g. swirnuj pamatus padiejau, I laid foundations for the new one, it is understood. / Not pamatuwej wardaj, but pamatinej wardaj. / Pasimetu u nas means to pretend, ožiu pasimetis. Ožiu pasimetis, pretending to be a goat. / Twaniju is said when someone drinks a lot of water, as if making a flood inside himself. Asz szenden twaniju tą wandenį. / [27] Samplata u na they do not know, but say upe isz grewos or isz wagos iszeja. Samploj u, u nas they say, małką kėrtu, ar rantau. / Sandalipa Todtenbahre u nas morinas pl. Sąnosza, u nas sąno-sza, sing. sąnoszas pl. / Samata [Sarmata] u nas gieda. / Sartas u nas a red horse. sartukas u nas a reddish horse, / sawizorius verwalter, u nas uriedas. / Sajdis Schnitgras u nas trejnej-tiszkoje žole, / Sajtaj Gefängniß, u nas Kalinyczia Vszieksztas / sajtaj u nas means bonds, sajt as is what serves for tying / siaubiu, Possen reissen, u nas means to rampage, Pronczuj nusiuabia wisą paswiet. / Saubyklą Gespenst, u nas many albo szmiekłas from the word szmajytiės, to appear indistinctly, V szmežiti, e.g. kas tinaj szmežu, szmajzos V szmeksza. / Saukiu klingen u nas is said, skambu. / Sausa Trockenheit u nas Sausra. / Sauswėdis, u nas a dried-out tree. / Pasas u nas Pasasaues dried-up trees in the forest. Szccias sitzend, u nas besiedis, / Sodas u nas means, in the plural, villages: soda one, sodas many; u nas they say sodnas, a fruit garden. / Sodyba u nas the place of buildings, that is, of the whole homestead. / Apsodinu, u nas apdajkstau. / Sieklinynkaj batwinei, kopustaj, which flower and produce seeds. / Sieminijis, a fledgling bird. / Not pasiejis, but u nas pasiele, what a farmer sows on a piece of land for a servant or son, and hence he is called pasielinykas. / Sėklis in a river, where it is shallow, u nas seklima. / Sajkėzuju, u nas sajkoju. / Selėzenis u nas Gajgalas, a drake /. U nas not sienys, but primine sienie, / not Sienojas but u nas sijes, beams from sieti. / Sienausis u nas, Senjausis. / Serdecznykas u nas szerdesas, a bolt /atsarga Schild, u nas skyda, +atsarga u nas means caution. [28] / Taj burbulaj szok, kad lin su burbulu lin. — Ar werd wandū? Jau kunkulū, jau met kunkulji. / Nū diek kiauszius i katilajti ir kalbiek, swejka Marya. / U nas ślesnas means flat, e.g. ślesnas torielus, / with him ślesnas means Knöchel, joint at the foot, but u nas it is called lenkminys, e.g. pażejdia sau kojes lenkminį, rankas V kėla— u nas śliepsna singular, groin, and plural śliepsnas, / u nas Sżukas. plural, comb, / Jėgžlys, der Kaulbars u nas Pūkis, / Jeknas Leber u nas kėpenas. / Not Jenku V Jenkstu, jėksau, jėksu, jėkti; but jenku, jekau, jeksju, jekti, / not apiekes, but apiekis. / Not Jegėrė; but medycje and the proverb, ne wisū mediejū kumpi trubaj. / hence mędžioti, to hunt, / mędžiokle, hunting, / Jędros Masenn u nas Blusines. / Jent ar as u nas Gintaras, amber, and Gentar in Russian. / U nas not Szleakū Lispele; but szwelpu, piau, siu, szwelpti, / likewise instead of Szleakis Lispeler u nas they say szwelpis. / szlaužū žiau, siū, szlaužti, I crawl, they say to children, e.g. mana sunūs par asłą jau parslauž, the second time it is said of going by carriage, szlaužti, e.g. mes it geraj nuslaužiem i bažniczę. / Szlūžiojū, jau, siu szlūzioti, to trample down tall grass, e.g. žūsys piewas nuszlūžiojuses, szlūžinieti means the same, e.g. all the riverside places have been trampled by the crayfish-catchers, who catch crayfish. / Wiežauti, to catch crayfish, / wiežys, crayfish. / Sultekis, birch, maple, a tree that yields sap, / súlingas, juicy. / Myž sū kampinu, kapinas. Kraus tek sū kepinū. / Saladiu, āžen, unas siundau, pjudau. / Salawa fisch Morāne, / u na[s] Selawa / Saladzei dajktaj. / u nas saldi V saldzi dajktaj. / Saldžiausias, u na saldziausis / U nas instead of lubiju, they say cziediju / not Salunka, they say druskine baczka, / Samanos is moss used for building, and kérpes pl. are on trees and stones. / Samata Sammet u nas aksomas. / If I hire a person, I say samdau; if, however, a house or land, I say numoju, / payment for a house or land is called nūma, e.g. rejk nūmą užmokieti. / [29] Sulpū not saugen; but smogłam; saugen u nas means žindu, and this is said not only of people but also of animals and livestock that suckle, e.g. Žindau kudiki, werszys žind karwę. / Sultis, not Bir-ken wasser, but silkiū, sultis, mesos sultis, and Birken wasser means sula only in the singular. / The word sun-czius does not exist u nas, / nor does sundau. Chyba siundau, cz wam. / Sunkju, but u nas sunku, jau, siu, sunkti: medu sunku, I extract honey; alieju sunku, taukus sunku. / Not sunka Safi, but sywaj, everything 234 that is liquid and thick. / Not sunklej, but u nas Cimbohaj, / Sunkuś, if something thick seeps, e.g. smała V degutas isz tekiniu sunkas. / Suppa u nas putra. / Not supokle; but sūpykle Schaukel, V sūpyne / Surgoju u nas, trusu, szihuś / Surgu wien­schen, u nas wajtoju. / Surma u nas does not exist, but there is sukielis, bypine, / u nas not surus; but suras, Salzig. / U nas not susta, / das Thoben, Wüthen, siutyns / not sautu, but sautu, to cover, or to wrap, e.g. ansiausk mani kušku siaustuwu, with a small blanket, in which they wrap a child. / Zdami seems that siaubimas will be das Thoben. / Not pussutis; but pussiu­tis albern. / Not sutas, but siutas, / not suwu, but siuwu, to sew. / Not sutinis, but siuwinys, what is to be sewn. / Skabu u nas skobů, and this refers to woodcarving, e.g. isskobk man szauksztą; sumti [samti], a vessel, is called skaptas. / Skalbinej not Menstrua, but laundry given to be washed. / Not skaltuwe, but kultuwe, Waschholz / Skalsa, not Mutterkorn, but spor, e.g. skalsi dūna, bread that lasts a long time. / Skanskanis Leckerbissen u nas smalkstas pl. smalkstaj. / Pusiauskardzej is a good word because the word also exists, skardyti, to scratch, e.g. Wilkas kumeli apskardia, wanagas wisztas; they also say wangas wiszta nuskerdia when it kills a chicken but does not seize it, hence a predator, skernagis, skerdnagis. / u nas they say skanskanus, very tasty. [30] Sżerys, pl. Szerej, bristles, only of pigs, in the proverb. Tas sawa sżeri pastatia nadałsie. / Serkołas, u nas Żelkorius. / Serojimas u nas does not exist, and sarioti, sarjojimas means to roam, of animals, e.g. wilkaj sario po girę. / Sėta u nas jūsta, / u nas Sietuwa means a deep place, because where the water is shallow a current forms, while where the water stands and seems not to flow at all, there is a deep spot, called sietuwa in the singular, and sietuwas in the plural, not, then, die Mitte im Fluß. / U nas one disease is called sejliegeris: slime flows; perhaps it is the same as sejlietekis; others say sejliegeris means tapeworm, but I do not know this. / U nas there is a disease that strongly drives out urine, and they say riemu pjaun; it is strange that the first-case form ends in ū. / The word Sejniju does not exist, only the adverb sej­ne dosyt. / u nas Szikszna, not Siksżna, means prepared leather. / Sillis u nas gėlda. / — U nas not Singanos, Gehim, but Smaginė, used in the plural. / Sypnas u nas smukus, smuki miłtaj. / Not sosiju, but sūšu, for example: sūsties, to be morose, in a bad mood, e.g. wajkas sūšas nor miegą / not suboju, but siubuju. Not sudijimas but sudymas, salting, while sudijimas, judging, comes from sudau, apsudau, persudau, isudau; not apsudiju, persudiju, isudiju; those words refer to judging. / Another meaning of sudau is to have something sewn; this word does not exist u nas, and one says siudinu, as all causatives and forms ending in -in contain inu, e.g. dirbinu, sarginu, szankinu, so also siudinu, not sudau. / Sugiu heulen u nas Staugiu, e.g. wilkaj staug / Not Sugszcziu, but szukszču, adverb: szukszču nekuszink, one must not move. / Not Sukstas, sukstu sich umwölken, but ukties, to become cloudy; not Apsuksta, but apsiułkia, it has clouded over, / ukanas, a, cloudy, e.g. ukana diena, a cloudy day. / Sukinys, a disease in sheep causing the head to twist. / Apsukalhas, Thirangel u nas kėngė. / Not siuliujęs, but siūtaus. / Not pasisiuliojimas, but pasisiulojimas, / not Suława, Insel, but sala. [31] U nas apskarda, not apskardas. / Skastu, u nas szokinėju. / Skawiejimas u nas zlibiejimas, watering of the eyes. / Skajdulis u nas pieka or plijka. / Skajczius u nas Skajtłus. / Skiadu u nas Cziaudu, niessen. / Skaugė, envy, / skaugieti, to envy. / Skaurada u nas skauragę. / Skėcziu, u nas łapojų. V sprogsłu, e.g. medej sprogsta, medej łapo, u nas pumpuraj luksztos, especially of flowers. / Skėldu u nas skėlu, I split, a log, / not skillu spalten plaßen; but skilstu, tau, skłisiu, skili, while Skliu means I strike a fire; hence skłituwaj, tinder. / Skėlsu not gedeihen, but to have a good yield in something, e.g. man szienas skėlsa, my hay lasts a long time. / Skalsūs, abundant; skalsūs szienas, abundant hay. / Skelu u nas skolingas esu or skolį, / skandorius u nas skėndinys. / Paskęstu not ertrinken: when something goes under water, akmū, paskędą, / Lewonskepete, u nas ikapes pl. / skėramedis, u nas atkaksznis. / Skerble u nas skrejetas Schob. / Skėtura u nas skėteras, e.g. parsza skėteras, a pig’s neck. / Skeidieti u nas skėldieti V plejszieti, e.g. rankas nuskėldiejuses, V nuplejsziejus. / Skylitis not ein kleine Quaste Weißkohl, but u nas Skiltis, akminies, skiltis ridika, sietinia. / Skilwis der Magen der Menschen, but u nas Skilwis means the navel in birds, that is, the stomach; in people and animals it is piłwas. / Skipka u nas Drugys. / Skirstinelis, but u nas kerstelis Lancet. / Skaistwaris u nas Załtawys. / Skubrus u nas skudrūs, / Skudaunus u nas menkas, in Russian schudny. / Skudrūs not scharf, rauh, but lively. / Skuja not Tannzafen, nor Fühten apfel, but pine or fir needles, while Tannzafen is kąkoriezej pl. u nas and kąkoriezis in the singular. / Nuskunda u nas miłaszirdiste / Paskundinu, verdammen, not verurtheilen, u nas Pasmerku. / Paskundinimas u nas Pasmerkimas. / Skunė u nas stoginė. / Skupas u nas szyksztas. / Skupumas u nas Szyksztumas, / Skupiju u nas szykstauju, / skup in Russian, szyksztas, stingy / szyksztuklis u nas means miser. / Skura u nas oda V kajlis. / Nuskęręs u nas nuskaris, / skuska Taschentuch u nas skepetas. [32] Skutna u nas plikgalvis. / Skutykilis u nas Skuteklis. / Skuzdinu u nas skłutinu. / Skutule is the same as szata. / Skuzbedzalis u nas Pumpotaukszlis. / Pasklanda u nas nusklanda. / Skleczis u nas Bałżienaj, ekie- 235 tio bałzienaj. / Sklempiu, with us sklempbu. / Sklepas, with us Rusysis. / Skłindas, with us skłastis. / Sklydu, with us sklendu, e.g. usskėnsk [uszkłensk] durys. / Sklypas is used only of a piece of split stone or a piece of hard earth. / Skluta, with us skłutas. / Skraidus, with us graudus. / Skrajdau means with us to run quickly, not rauh werden, e.g. kami skrajoje? where were you running? / Skrebline, with us brylūs kapelusz. / Skrebju, with us skrabu, and this does not mean to dry out, but to shiver like something dried out, e.g. kajlinej sudziuwi skrab. / With us it is not skroblus, but skrobła. / Skradiju, with us skrōdu. / Skrundzinus: we do not have this word. / Skwalma[s], with us the form Skwarma. / Skwerbiu, with us ùrbinù. / Skwetas: we do not have this word. / Slardau: we do not have it. / Statau, with us najraus. / Słaudżiu, with us spaudżu. / Słaužiu, with us słaužiu, ‘I crawl’. Słędnas, with us ślesnas. / Słoga properly means a catarrh, not Angst. / Słoginti means to give someone a catarrh, to make them catch cold, whereas slŭgūti means ‘to burden’, e.g. eldije stūgūti. / Slŭgūtojas and słogintois are very different. / Preśloga is an illness, whereas Preślūga means ‘to burden’. / Slepu, with us slepu. ślepūjus, with us ślepūs. / Słapaus, with us słapstaus. / Słapdrugis, with us szłapdrugis. / Sleptėru, with us żłebteru, ‘to speak’. / Sleiktuwe, with us bude, in Prussia. / Słobju, with us szłopu. / Śūgsnis, with us śłuksnis, a layer of earth, e.g. cze ziame śłukśnota. / Susismalojū, with us susismalinu. / Smałktas, with us Smałka, e.g. smałkos medis, a tree that has been badly drained in the thicket. / Smaigiu, with us smeginu. / Smajgas, with us apinwರ್ಪtis, from the word werpti. / With us Smegjūs means ‘I reach something’. / [33] Smełus, with us swełus. / Pasmelys, with us Paswilys. / Smerdju, with us merdėju. / Smerkiu, with us Smerku, ‘I condemn a culprit’; pasmerktas, ‘condemned’. / Smurt, with us smurtas. / Smukszt, with us szmuksz. / Smulkej means with us ‘finely’, e.g. smulkej malti, skmulkytelėj, ‘to grind very finely’. / We also say Smulkmes, ‘small bits, leftovers’. / Smutniju, with us łustu, e.g. nuludau, ‘I became sad’. / Snarglys, with us sometimes Snarglis, pronounced briefly; / another time smurgis. / snaigyti, with us snigti, snignoti, snignoti, snajgulieti, as people say. / Snėginne, with us Snėgina. / Snėgynas, with us wieputinis. / Snaigala, with us Snajgule. / Snokas, with us skepetas. / Snukukotas, with us they say snukūtas. / Spakas, with us szpakas. / Spalas, with us Spalis; it is always said in the plural, spalej. / Spange, with us wiedras, semtiwas. / Sparas, with us kazilas. / Sparis, with us Jūdoie pledzinga. / Margspanas, with us margsparnis, Rudsparnis. / Spartas, with us ryszys, saitas. / Sparus, with us skakśus. / Spawėde, with us Spawiedne. / Spauda, with us spaudyne. Presse, Spaustuwe, Spaustuwaj suriū spaustuwaj. / Specziu, with us spietu. / There is no such word as spėczūs with us; they say spiełtisys, Spiellus, 4th person plural. / Not Spėtas, but Spiekas MuBe. / Speclezius means with us a frame for a picture or a window. / Spėloju, with us spyloju. / With us spengū means to whistle on a chicken bone to lure hazel grouse; hence a bone whistle is called spenglys, spenglelis. / Spingulieti: ausys spingulie, ‘the ears ring or whistle’. / Spenys, with us papas, e.g. laumės papas. / Spykė, with us Skreples, spiaudalas. / Spinginis, with us momune. / Spintris, with us spitris. / Jszspirgiju, with us isspirgau. / Atspirtis, with us atsparas. / [34] Spitù uminge, with us they say apstoja or apsiautu. / Spullūs, with us skrubinas. / Spullėju, skrubinu. / Spunta, with us kłakas or szpuntas. / Spłėcziu, with us pletu. / Splendu, with us platinu. / Spłesnoju, with us plasnoju, wasnoju, ‘I flap my wings’. / Not spragas, but spragis. / Spragu, with us spragczioju, e.g. krusza sprakcżio i łanga. / sprandu, with us sprendū, see sprendziu. / Spraunas, with us ‘quick’. / Not sprogū, platzen, spalten, sprossen, ausschießen; but sprogtu, ausschießen, sprossen, e.g. medeij sprogst. / sprogu, ‘to die’, e.g. arklys nusproga; it also means ‘to burst’. / Sproga, with us sprogymė. / Sprogita, sproginitiej. / Sprogałas, with us atžėlas, atwaszes. / Sproklis, ‘insatiable’, sprogakis, ‘greedy’. / Sprugštu, entwischen, with us sprunku. / Srowe, with us sriautas. / sraubju, see srėbju, with us Sriaubu, see sriūbu and srebu. / Srūba, with us sriuba. / Srėgas, with us žwyna. / Srūga, with us Sriūga. / Stabdau, with us stabau, see stabdau. / Staganas, with us the cabbage stalk. / Stakėtas, with us Statinys. / Stakoteris, with us Sakas. / Staldas, with us Stalne, see stelingis. / Stamanczoju, with us atkachkaju. / atkachus, ‘stubborn’. / Stambas, with us stimberys. / Statey means ‘straight’, ważjuk statej. / Jstatymas, with us ‘law’. / Pastate, with us tūmas. / Pastatuwe: we do not have this word. / Pristatas [Išbraukta: u nas weldiejs], with us pristowas. / Statala, with us stadala. / Stawicznas, with us tūintimpinis. / stawaris, with us a dry knot in a tree, but eine Knoten, ein Knoren is called pranara, pranarotas medis. / Stajbus, with us ‘brave’. / Stajbumas, with us ‘bravery’. / Nustabinu, ‘I make [someone] stop’. / Stajgūs means with us ‘suddenly’, e.g. stajgiu smertiu miria, stajgėj numiria; stajgū means the same. / [35] Narglinu, nunarglinu, Panarglinu, with us klejdu, paklejdu, iszklejdu. / Strawa, with us wakartis, provisions given to a traveller. / Strūga, with us strūga. / strugas, with us strubas. / Strujus, with us boczīus. / Struna, with us styga. / Strungas means with us a cabbage core, or else a tether. / Swagu, with us żwangu. / Swambas, with us swimbakas. / Swambalou, with us swimbaloju. / Swatiju, with us ropoju. / swajczioju, with us swajtu, ‘to fantasise’. / Swajgiu, with us swajkstu, ‘my head is spinning’; hence not swajgulis but swajginys. / Swajtaus, with us Szwajtaus: I search for something by shining a splinter or a torch. / Swelis, with us slenkstis. / Swėtyba, with us gierine or pūta. / Swetże- 236 misu nas praszalė jis, sazdra. / Swecziju, with us ważsżinu. / Jsżswięteju, with us išztremu; / with us tremtinys means ‘an exile’. / Swidūs is a good word; with us spindąs. / Swikłas, with us batwinis. / Rugėj jau swyli”, with us people say rugėj jau sużwili, ‘the rye has already, as it were, been flattened by the rain’; / not Swirna, but Swirnas. / Swotas, with us pirszlys. / Swogūnatis, with us swogūnų ląžskaj. / swodba, with us ‘wedding’. / Szakė, with us Žekė. / isiszakinju, with us isikėru. // Saksinis, a southwesterly wind. / Szaktarpis, with us ‘between the legs’ or szakumas (.). / Szalczias, with us szaltis, ‘cold’; / Szalna, with us ‘frost’, while Reif is called Szarma with us. / Szolis: we do not have this; he did not explain it himself. I commonly say this proverb: menka V błoga warszkie kelamos karwės. / Not užszalinu, but užszaldinu. / Szambas, with us Žambas. / Szancas, with us pyła. / Szandau, with us giedinu. / Szarkutis, with us piedpuse. / Szaudas, with us Sziaudas. / Szėbjūs, with us szėpłus. / Szienwėże is a drag used to haul and press down hay. / Szienweżys is the person who hauls hay. / Not Sziepas, but sziepas. / Szieporiūs, ‘one who goes round asking for help’. / Szeras, with us szerys, plural szerej. / Szerotas, with us szeriūtas. / seriūs, with us Szerūs. / With us Spalej, not Atszūtis Trespe. / Szworta, with us papentis. / Szutas, with us Ergła. / szutiju, with us ergłojus. Szutas is a Russian word, szut, szutit; ‘to joke’ is jūkūti with us, / and ‘jocular’ is jūk darys with us. / Neru ties a neru or żekę pirsztinę. / [36] Wiralas, m., ‘vegetable dish’. / Szlamasztaj is a mixture of straw, chaff, dung, earth and leaves gathered together; Nūszławas, pl. f., is rubbish swept out of a room or kitchen. If this szlamasztaj is piled in one heap, it is then called śmiezi nis; hence the word mieżti, ‘to dirty something’, usually used of buildings: for example, if someone daubs a cottage or barn with clay, straw, or chaff, they say primieżia trobą, primieżia klėti, numą, klūną. [Išbraukta: Nūszławas nazy] / stajgus means with us ‘sudden’, e.g. stajgej numiria. / Not Stebau, aufhalten, but stabau with us, and hence stabdau. / Stebiūs, with us ‘I am amazed’; hence stebukłas, ‘a miracle’. / What they call stebiūs, we call stiepūs; stiepimas. / Stirta, with us kugis. / Not nestyrų, styriejau, but styrstu. / Stobas, with us wara. / stodas, with us pijas. / Stoju means ‘I take on a certain state’, e.g. stosiu i kunegus, ‘I become a priest’; karejwiu pastoja. / Not stowiūs, but stojūs. / Prėstolis, with us pristowas. / Prėstotis, with us ‘help, assistance’. / Storas, with us Stūre Stōr. / Storas means ‘thick’ in terms of bulk: storas audekłas, arba kitas audekłas. / Sturplas, with us sturplis; the horse’s upper hindquarters. / Straja, with us krajkas; strajis, strajė, pl., are what the male reproductive organs of animals and people are called with us. / Strajou, with us skrajou. Nestraka, with us ‘unease, disorder’. / Strangas, with us strungas, ‘a tether’. Strajge, with us Srajgė. / Strieła, with us wilicze. / Strykas, with us brauktuwas. / Strykoju, with us brauku. / Striktas means ‘bait’. / Stripinis is a piece of wood thrown by hand at livestock, especially a dog; the proverb stripinis netolij nu szunies gul means the same as strypas. / Stropnus, with us Skūdrūs. / Szwentgrauduline, with us Gramices, plural. Nirstu, ‘to become angry’, e.g. arklys apnirtą. / Kłujka or Kłujkszis, ‘a forgetful person’; klokti, pakłoti, wajkscio kaj pakłokis zdamiśe, perhaps derives from klysti, because a person who does not remember what they are doing is a kind of madman. The remarks by S. Daukantas on G. Neselman’s dictionary presented here are highly varied. They merit careful examination and evaluation. This will make clear which of them are significant for the study of the Lithuanian language, especially the history of the literary language and dialectology, and which are unfounded, subjective, and insignificant. A first acquaintance with S. Daukantas’s remarks shows that they provide considerable material for illuminating the lexicon and other features of the language of Lithuanian writings in East Prussia and Lithuania. For from the very beginning of Lithuanian writing, as the Lithuanian literary language took shape and developed in East Prussia and Lithuania, differences arose in the lexicon and elsewhere in the language of written works, originating in various dialects or borrowed from Polish, Belarusian, Russian, German, and Latin. Some of Daukantas’s remarks clearly indicate which word (e.g., draugalas, drugys, įdvėsti, dvigymis, čerpė, palėpė, gaidas, etc.) is used in East Prussian writings, and which (svetmoteris, plėstekė, įkvėpti, dviveidis, stiegelė, pastogė, giedotojas) is familiar to the Lithuanian writer Daukantas. Daukantas’s remarks contain a considerable amount of dialect vocabulary (e.g., kastinis ‘a kind of butter’, žagas ‘a haystack’, etc.), which may be used in compiling a regional dictionary of the Samogitian dialect. 237 Daukantas also provided neologisms (e.g., marangė ‘isthmus’, semtuvas ‘bucket’, spaudynė ‘press, printing house’), which show S. Daukantas’s efforts, sometimes unsuccessful, to enrich the vocabulary of the literary language. In many places, instead of loanwords, Daukantas supplied Lithuanian words (e.g., čystas — pure; čerka — small cup, glass; gvolta — coercion; mėra — measure; padvarija — courtyard; pamačius — assistance, etc.), thereby seeking to contribute to the purification of the literary language’s vocabulary. Daukantas’s notes also contain rare words (e.g., aglas ‘rough, cruel’, malkas ‘gulp’, patmala ‘mill’, veldėmė ‘homeland’, vara ‘coercion’), which will attract the attention of lexicologists. Thus, S. Daukantas’s notes on the words and forms given by G. Neselman contain interesting material for linguistic research and are therefore worth examining carefully. S. DAUKANTAS’S NOTES ON G. NESSELMAN’S DICTIONARY „WÖRTERBUCH DER LITTAUISCHEN SPRACHE“ (1851) I. KRUOPAS Abstract The article presents S. Daukantas’s archival notes on G. Nesselman’s dictionary „Wörterbuch der Littauischen Sprache“ (1851), which are of interest to researchers of the history of the Lithuanian literary language and to dialectologists.