К вопросу о происхождении молд., рум. «doĭna»

LIETUVIEU KALBOTYROS KLAUSIM ATE VI Pete TUS OO. Sr SOR MOK 1S LU, MARL AU DOR Mor dea ‘K BOTIPOCY O MPOHCXO)KEHUH MOJIJL., PYM. DOINA T. BOTAY C cepegunsi npoutoro crometus TepMHH OowHa, KaK HauMeHOBaHHe oco6oro MeceHHoro H My3bIKaNbHOrO 2KaHpa AAKOPYMBIHCKOTO *ouIbKOpa, nmpo4HO Bolle B (OJbKMOpHCTHKy H B OOmMit OOuxOR. TIpapaa, u coctasutesb MlepBoro COOpHUKa PyMbIHCKHX HapomHEIX mecen (1852) Bacuwse AaexCaHAPH, Aapliuli TepMuny wWupoKoe pacnpocrpanenue, u nouTH Bce nocmeAyioulue KyJIbTypuble AesTeM B ONpexeNeHHM Kapa YYATEIBATH TOMbKO ero awuTepatTypHb ii kpurepuii. Tog strum caosom, 3aHMCTBOBaHHBIM 43 HaPozHOH TepMuHOnorun Moagasun, gonroe BpeMaA NoApasymeBasioch m060e “IMpudeckoe MpoHsBeqeHHe, OObIMHO B MHHOPHEIX TOHAX, oTmH4atomecca CBOHM TE KCTOM OT FrepoOHKO-sTIMYeCKHX 03M, OT PHTYAaJbHLIX, KaJleHqapHbIX H TIVISCOBLIX NleceH. Tora, Bo BTOpoii noJoBuHe XIX Beka nH B TlepBble AecaTHNeTHA Halllero CTOeTHH, BpeMA A u3yYeHin MeTORHU H CTPYKTYPb BOKaNbHOii H HHCTPyMenTaJIbHOli Aolinel, apeana 6unrTOBaAHUA, CTagui ee pasBurTua, @YHKMUH, ocobeHHOcTH UcNOWHEHHA HM Apyrux npoGvlem, elle He HacTynuso. Tloxa oreyecrsenuaa cbompKaopucraKxa TomBKO HakaluBasa (bakTel Avia Oyayumx o606mennii, B 1875 TOY NOABHIOCh OCHOBaTebHOe HccenOBaHue © MpOHcxoxKneHHH caMoro HaMMeHOBaHUsA. BocnuTaHHnK XapbKOBCKOrO YHUBepcuTeta, KpyMHbIii MOJZO-pyMbInCKHii dunonor B. Terpuyeliky Xaxq9y npeaqnoxHa stuMonoruio TepMHHa HM yCTaHOBHA cBa3b Cc AaNeKHMH ero CooTBeTCTBHAMH. XaxkAsy CHHTa 3TO COBO TpakuiicKoro (dakuiickoro) npoucxoxzenus. Ono POAcTBeHHO, — mHcan OH, — KeubTCKO-HpjaHAcKoMy dan «necua, mo9Ma> Hu nepcuackoMy danah «necua, MCHONHAeMad MHKeHUHHAMH>. OGe stu opMEI mMpeqnomarawr p KayecTBe oOulero STHMOHa caHcKpuTcKoe caoBo dana «necus, s3Byk>. JIpyrumu COOTBETCTBHAMH STOrO TepMHHA ABJAOTCH 3enncKHit daénd «MeCHA», apMAHCKHH den, Ho 61HxKe BCeX CTOHT, KOHeuHO, JHTOBCKOe daina «necua». 183 (B To Bpems HHKOrO elle He Morsa 3aHHMaTD cyQb6a store xe cHOBa B JaTBILICKOM sI3bIKe)!. «lakniinst u anTopuer — nuca Xaxknay — apasiores, caleqosatestpHO, CAMHCTBCHHBIMH HaPOAHOCTAMH, KOTOpbIe COXpaHHJIH HeH3MeHHBIM coAepxKanue H dhopmy cioBa daina — npexpacueiimero nacnequa HHH abHoro HHOeBponeiicKoro s3bIKa, HacJeqUA, KOTOpoe sBuKeTCH ropa3q0 6olee PaHHHM CBHAeCTeIbCTBOM OGUIHOCTH HalIMxX NpenKoB, uem Apesreiiuue JanuqapHple Hagnucn»...2 Mosjo-pympincknit yuensii noctasua u BOMpoc 0 BO3MO%KHOM 3anMcTBOBAHHH TePpMHHAa JIMTOBIAMH (OT pyMBIH). OH 3amerHa, 4TO y caaBaH TaKoro C1OBa HET, H, KPOME TOTO, YTO MOaBaHe HM JHTOBULI KOrMa-To KH “B cocegcrse». Ho tyr xe Xaxkysy orsepr 9TY BOSMOXKHOCTb: HaHMeHOBaHHA HaPOMHbIx MeceH He 3aHMcTByIOTCA, — yTBepxKman oH, — H, kpome Toro, NOABJeHHe -iB AHTOBCKOM daina (no oTrHoMeHHIO K cCaHCKpuTckomy dana) moxeT ObiTh O6baCHeHO 3aKonamu Pa3BUTHA CaMOro JIHTOBCKOrO asbika*. Bonpoca 0 3auMcTBoBaHHH c.10Ba y JIMTOBIeB CaMHMH pyMbIHaMH STOT yYeHbIli He cTaBHu. CyxxqeHuamM un apryMentanun Xaxasy 0 Tpakuiickom nponcxoxzenuu TepMuHa Codxa, npeslecTBOBano B HayKe oOpacnenne JIumurpua KaureMupa (1672—1723). To muenuio storo Bbimaiomerocs MOJIaBcKorO yueHOO, Ootino% uMeHoBadca naKulicKHii «<6or BOiiHbI>. B IIPHMeyaHHH K CBOeMy Texcty Kantemup 3amertna, ¥To 3T0 c10B0 OOBIHIHO BBICTyMaeT B 3auHHe “MYXKCKHX> (C TOYKH 3PeHHA HcnoAHeHHA) meceH, TO-ecTb, 4TO ynomuHaue sTOoro OoxecTBa sBNAeTCA cBOero poga HHBOKalUHeli!, Cpugeteapcerso Kantemupa o Haauunu caopa B MHUUMaDHOit hopMysie necen (Koroppie, HO €ro MHEHHIO, HOCHH TOJbKO BoeHHBIii xapaxTep) NOATBEPAHOCh 60wee MOSAHHMH (OJbKAOpHEIMH gatMcamu. JJelicrauterbHo, B 3aunHax QoiiHbI, COCTOAULHX MHOrMa H3 pada ABYXCNOKHBIX HH OMHOCAOMKHBIX BOCKAHWaHH, B 3a4HHaX, CTaBUIMx MecTaMH (bakyJbTaTHBHBIMU, 3TO COBO uMeerca. Ilpapga, B TakHx xe ero pa3mMuHBIx (ouerHueckux BapHantax Hu B PaSAMYHBIX PHTMHKO-aKUeCHTOJOrH4YeCKHX MOO2%KeHUAX OHO HasimuecTByeT B HauabHbIX CTPOKaX He TOMbKO QOiiH, HO HM ApyrHx 2KaHPOB, B TOM 4NCIe M PHTyaJibHbIX. Tak, B ceBepHoli uacTu AaKOPyMbIHCKOH TeppHTOpHH, B Mapamypewe 6nityior: daina, ditina; dui, dut, dui: TpancuabBanun — déinu, dana; di-nam—datnam; — éi-nu—dutnu: daina-le; daina-mad; — dinadaind; déina-daina. B Mongapun 6uiryer doma u YMeHBLIHTebHOe = doinifa. ' Tleppoe ppegenne B o6uxon Tepmuna daina B 1893 rogy Kpuupsanom Bapoxom, no HacTOAHMIO usqaTeaa Bucceuxopha, u apryMenTst gaa ero speqenna Sl. Jlayten6axa n A. Caugepa Bpspaau pesxuit orson I. Lmuta u A. Cupmauc: P. Smits, Par jauno tautas dziesmu krajumu, »Majas Viesis”, 1893, erp. 50; J. Sirmais, Misy tautas dziesmu jaunakais izdevums, ,,Dienas Lapa", 1894, crp, 212—215. Droit unopmanueit mit oOa3zanet puxcKomy oabKaopucty M. Belireima, 3a ato npuHOCHM eli HcKpeHHIolO GaarogapHoctD. 2B. Petriceicu Hasdeu, Principie de filologia comparativa arioeuropea cuprindénd grupurile indo-perso-tracice, greco-itallo-celtic $i leto-slavo-germanic cu aplicaloiuni la istoria limbei romane. Curs finut la Facultatea de Litere $i Filosofia din Bucuresti, I, 1875, cTp. 28—29, 5 Ibidem, erp. 26—27. ‘Tlumutpui Kautemup, Tleckpuepa Mo.goseit, Kummusy, 1957, erp. 197. 184 Toabko B Moagapnu, B Byxopune 1 B Mapamypeme caoBo doa un BapnanTbl ero BBICTyMalOT Kak TEPMHH, OGoO3HAYAIOWIM My3bIKabHblii *KaHp necuu. B Tpakcuibpannn cnoBo Obityer TomBKO B 3a4unHax. B Jpyrux o6wacTAX MaKOPyMBIHCKoro s3bIKa doina, kak TepMHH, HeH3BecTeH: OHO He Guityer Bonce B Mynrenuu, B Ontenun, B Banare u B Joopyaxe®. Muenne Kantemupa o nepponayanbHoM BoeHHOM xapaKkTepe My3bIKaNbHOro 2%KaHpa H CaMOrO HaHMeHOBaHHA Hallo NocwesoBatTeneli HB XIX sexe: rakoro Muenua 6p Mopzaxu Manunecky u uapectubiii MomgasckHit nucatenb K. Herpyuuu, Koroppii qaxke counHun TpH Mapwieo6pa3Hble <JOHHbI>, BbINaB UX 3a HapomHbie. Bcem nocaexyiomum yuenbim apryMentauua Xaxagy, KOTOPbIi O60cHOBaJl MHeHHe Kantemupa corgacuo yposHio HayKH cBoero BpemeHH®, m0Ka3allacb, OfHaKO, He yOequTenbHOH. Kak no, Tak H mocae Xaxysy (onHaKO He MOJ@MU3HpyaA c HUM) Hccne_OBaTeIM UCKaM OCHOBY cOBa B ApyTHX A3bIKaX: Jat. donativum «nap, nonyuaemblii pHMcKUM BOHHOM Tocae 6utBp» (!), sat. Diana «<noxpoputenbunua oxoTHuKoOB» (4, cneqoBpate.tbHO, BoHHOB), Danubius «JIynaii>. Bce stu Tpu mpeqaoxKeHHaA BOSHHKAM B 1842 rony nog nepom quaseranta Mopzaxua Maaunecky’. JIpyrue uckaau STHMOH B CJlaBAHCKHX AB3bIKaX: CJlaB. OsodHuya «ABOliHAA MboKATKa, [BOiyarka>» — A. Unxax®; pyc. OyTo, Oynyro — K. H. Bypuasny®. Jpyrue yue_HbIe PUOAOrH MpousBOAHAH COBO U3 rpeyecKoro Sny, dav — opuiickoro HauMeHoBaHua «IOnutepa» — Tlerpy Maiiop!®, no uame sce 2Ke 43 1aTHHexoro: Diana+oda (!) — nosr HW. Sanage-Pagyaecxy"; aar. doleo, yepes MpeanoaraemMyio MpoMexyTounyio @opmy *dolina, — A. T. Jlaypuan u VW. K. Maccum'? u ap. Hakonen, namiaucp u uccaeqopatem, KOTOpbIe MpoMSBOMJIH COBO H3 COOcTBeHHOFO A3bIKa: OT rularodia a ddina «6anancuPOBaTb, KOueOaTbCA>, HIM 2%e OT MexKAYMeTHOTO NOBTOpeHHA, YacTO BBICTyMatoulero B 3a4HHaX 9TOrO MOsTHYeCKorO waHpa: dul, dul, du, Buito BolCKa3aHO H MHeHHe O TepMaHCKOM NpOHCXOxKAeHHH AaHHOrO CIOBa B AakoPYMBIHCKOM s3bIKe. B nocaegueii paGore Ha sty xe Temy, B yxe IHTHPOBaHHOM BBILIe AOKYMeHTaIbHOM HM TOHKOM HCCJeqoOBaHHM PyMbIHcKOrO (osbKopucra OBu5 Bce 9TH MpHMepbl oGbeneHeHEI c UX KOHTeKCTOM B HccnenOBaHHH PYMbIHCKoro onmkaopucta Ovidiu Papadima, Consideratii despre doina, ,,Studii si cercet&ri de istorie literari si folclor“, IX, 1960, Ne 2, erp. 326—329, : ® Asrop ynomanya uw uMa uccaenoBatens, KOTOpBIii BlepBbe mposen cBasbh MexTy AakopyMbinckuM doind auTosckum daina: MIOHXeHCKHit opHenTaauct Martin Haug » Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlindischen Gesellschaft“, 1855). 7Jordachi MaAalinescu, Un discurs si poezie, ,,Foaiepentru minte, inima si invajatura“, V, 1842, erp. 97-99; Ap. B. Petriceicu Hasdeu, Op. cit., crp. 21; Ovidiu Papadima, Op. cit. crp., 312. * A. de Cihac, Dictionnaire d’étymologie daco-romane, Francfort s/M., 1870, s. v. °C. N. Burileanu, Intre ,,frunzi verde“ si doind, Bucuresti, 1936, erp. 57. Ap. B. Petriceicu Hasdeu, Op. cit., eTp 21. “ Ap. Ovidiu Papadima, Op. cit., erp. 314. * AT. Laurianu gi I. C. Massim. Glossariu care coprinde vorbele d’in limb’a romana straine prin originea sau form’a loru si celle de origine indouiosa, Bucuresti, 1876, s. v. * Tiberiu Brediceanu, 170 melodii populare rominesti din Maramures. Bucuresti, 1957. crp. 5, 185 Aun Tlanaqumel, BbickasaHo TBepfoe MHeHHe 0 MpoHcxoxKeHHH cmopa. Tpancutppanckas cbopma datna, KaK 3To MpeqIOKH «Cc NOAHBIM OCHOBaHuem> u Xarxkyay, MoxeT ObITb Lakulickoro npoucxox enna; MommancKan ke cbopma doina orHocutca «<onpeneneHHo» K caaBAHCKHM s3bIKaM!, 3aweM 2Ke TaK Pa3MEKEBLIBATh HaHMeHOBAHHA OAHOrO H TOTO xe ObBeKTA? TIpapga, kpome Xaxasy, na Hx npeqnosoxKeHHit HH ORMH 13 nepeMHCJICHHBIX BbILe ABTOPOB HE APryMeHTHpOBad CBOIO STHMOMOrH3aMIO, a Mpocto ee mpemiarad, Nake He MbITaicb ONpOBeprHyTh MHeHHe mMpesbIyUIMX aBTOpoB. Tlo seeli BepoatHoctu, sTux HccaeqoBateneli CMYTHJIa HeO%KHaHHOCTD H THYaHTCKHit «pasMax> aTuMosorMM Xaxysy. B jelicrBuTenbuocTu >%«e, NO NOCM€HHM aHHbIM A3bIKO3HAHHA JaKHHCKHX 3CMeHTOB B MOJILaBCKOM A3bIKe He Tak yx MHoro. IlocnegHHe uccuegoBaTetu TpakHiicKoro s3biKa, SoarapcKuii srumonoruct Ba. Teoprues!® x PYMBIHCKHH § =sA3BIKOBe HM. U. Pyccy', B tpynzax, cneyuanbyo nocpameHubix TaK HaSbIBaeMBIM aBTOXTOHHBIM SJIGEMeHTaM, HE PaCCMaTPHBAaIOT H axKe He BKMONAIOT COBO dotina B cnHcoK TPakHHiCKHX COB, COXpaHMBUIMXCA B ASBIKAX HapogoB Baakauckoro noayocrposa. Iporapopeyar runorese 06 eqHHOM cTapHuHOM “faKHiiCKOM> O6pa3ile H HeOKUMaHHbe JWIn TaKoro WeABHOTO A3bIKa, KaKOBBIM ABJIACTCA MAKOPYMBIHCKHH, H pacnomoxKeHHbIe Ha BeECbMa GO/H3KHX PaccTOAHHAX Apyr OT Apyra (H axe B OAHOH H TO xe MecTHOCTH!) BapHantbl. Takum 2xe BecKHM omposepxKeHHem rily6oKOii Apesuoctu 3Toro ci0Ba y AaKOpyMbIH ABIAeTCA H ero (bOHeTH3M: omKHZaemaA coBpeMeHHas hopma 6ni1a Obl B MakopyMblHcKoM He doina, a *doaind. Mor cmytutp YeHBIX H TOT (akt, uTO XaxKAsy CMHINKOM KaTeropH4ecKH OTBEA BO3MOXKHOCTh SaHMCTBOBAHHA, IPH MOBObHO 4YaCTOM NMPOHHKHOBeHHH B Apyrue ASPIKH HE TONBKO HAHMEHOBAHH i, HO H CaMHXx npegqMeToR — HaponHbIX HHCTPYMEHTOB, TaHUeB H Meced — HanpuMep, cobza, lduta, ghitara, polca, mazurca sirba, bulgdreasca MaKOPYMBIHCKOM sA3bIKe; CaMoro cylOBa daina & coBpeMeHHOM JaTBILICKOM s3BIKe 1 Ap. (Cnegyer nomuuts, ognaKO, TO BC€ STH 3AHMCTBOBAHHBIC OGbEKTHI H cOBa He OepyTcs B AX «uHCTOM> BHC, 1TO OHH BCerqa KOHTaMMHUPyloTcA c TpakMHOHHLIM (bouyom.) Haxkonen, Xaxgsy sosce He Mor torga yuecTh Oovlbulyio doueruyeckyio BapHaHTHOCTh CJOBa, MY3bIKaNbHYIO cTopony AoiinpI (ee Onu30cTR Han OTAaTCHHOCTh OT AHTOBCKHX Malin H MO CHX MOp elle MOKa HHKTO He H3YuHJ...), a Takoke craquabHocTh Hu apeal OblIToBaHHA camoili joitHBI. Tnapuoe xe, yero He yuen HH Xaxysy (koropplii He pacnoaaran torAa HeOOXOAHMbIMH MaTepHasaMH), HM Mocaenyiomue STHMOJOFHCTHI, ABJIA- €TCA TO, YTO COBO Ooiiwa cpurypupyer uate Bcero AuUID BO BCTYMHT@JIbHoli dopmyle MostH4ecKoro tTeKcta sToro My3biKasIbHOro *Kaupa (peruoHaJIbHO M B HeKOTOpBIX ApyrHx 2x%«aHpax), B Toi ero uacTH, koTopas, Kak YCTaHaBJIMBaloT MySbIKOBebI, HHKAK He CBAZAHa, HH TeHeTHUeCKH, HU “ Ovidiu Papadima, Op. cit., erp. 316, 48 Tbidem, crp. 317. * Baaxumup Teoprues, Tpaxniickusr exuk, Copua, 1957. 7 7. 1. Russu, Limba traco-dacilor, Bucuresti, 1959. 186 Aaxe TEMATHYECKH C OCTAJIbHBIMH YacTaMu AolinbI, Kak Takosoi'®, A ecau OHO BRICTYMaeT H B TeKCTe CaMOii JOH, TO MH TaM 39TO COBO BOCHOMHAeT <TpOKy B BUe AONoNHeHHA No ecrecTBeHHOrO pasMepa CTHXa. Tlo Bceii BepostHoctu, uMeHHO oTcioga, u3 3TOit BCTYMUTeJbHOH «HHOPOMHO» copmysH — Ha ceroqHaMHHi AeHb B 3TOM *Kaupe dakyJibTaTusHoli — ci0B0 OoiiHa co BpeMeHeM u30mupoBanoch u cTamo o603Ha4aTb BHawalle PerHOHaJIbHO, a 3aTeM, c cepegquHb XIX Beka (pacuiupuB cBoe 3HaueHne) 9TOT OCOGEIii MosTHYeCKHi HU My3bIKabHbIii *Kaup B weno. IIpuMEPbI H3OJIAIHH OTACMbHBIX COB H3 HHHUHAJIbHOH POPMY.IbI, KaK H BOOOLIE M3 TeKCTa MeceH, H NpHoOpetenua uM camocTosTembHOrTO MH O6O6ULeHHOrO SHAMCHHA HepeAKO BcTpeyaiorca B cbonbKMOpe. A HayatbHbIMH cdopmyzaMH neceH MOryT ObITh pa3JHYHbe BOCKAMNAHHA H WeNbIe Mpenox*KeHUsA, norHOCTbIO MepeHeCeHHble 43 APyrHX AB3bIKOB: TaKOBbl PYMBIHCKHe 3a4HHbI Oaniaq Ha A3bIKe 4aHraiil, MomgaBcKue BCTYNHTCIbHbIe (OPMyJIbI WbIraHcKUX Necen H ap. Ilepenocatca B uHyI0 A3bIKoBy10 cpeay HM WerbIe kyneTbI (vax, B Bunnuuxoit o6nactu yKpanucKuii (orbKn0pHeT O6HapyxKuA MoaAaBCKHii TeKcCT MpoTOTHNa nyuIKuHcKo «Ilecuu Semouppi>; B geTCKHXx “CHHTaIKaX> BCTPedaloTcA cOBa H Ueuble BbIPAxKeHHA, nepemenme U3 AIPyTHX ASbIKOB HM T. 1.). Hanuuve cos, norepsBmiMx BcAKHii cMBICN BO BCTYNUTCIbHBIX OPMyMaX, COB, pasqeMAOMMx Ranee MexAY HUMH 4H OTAeMbuble CTpobl passtsHEtx OOpALOBEIx MeceH (Kak, HanpuMep, HaJHuHe PYMBIHCKOrO COBeplleHHO HenoHATHOrO copa ler B copmyae Ler, doamne, HCxomaitero oT wat. (Ha) lel (uiah), domine, oKka3biBaer OJHOBpeMeHHO H BOSMOXHOCTh BKJOUVCHHA B 3A4HH HOBLIX 3aMMCTBOBAHHii, H He MpoTHBOPCYHT BO3MOAHOCTH JaJbHeliliel ero H301KuHH. Hakonen, cu0Bo doina ©O BCeMH e€rO PasHOBHAHOCTAMH ObiTyeT aeKO He Ha BCeli ZaKopyMBIN- €ko TeppuTopuu. Menbie toro: «HUD B Moagasuu, Bykosune u MapaMypelle, TO-€CTb TOJIbKO B CeBepHOii H B CeBepo-BOCTOYHO! YacTH TeppHToOPHH, COBO BBICTYMaeT B HAPOAHOM SA3BIKe KAK TE PMHH, O6O3HaYAIOUINi OMpeAeeHHbIii MYy3bIKaJIbHBIii HaHP; Ha CpaBHHTeAbHO GoabUIO; TeppHTopun TpancuabBanun OHO cOxXpaHHJocb JIMIIb B 3a4MHax H He UMeeT HUKakoro onpexemenHoro cMbicsa. B ioxKHOil yacTH TeppuTopHH aKkOpyMbIHCKoro AZbIKA COBO BOOOWe OTCYTCTBYeT, KaK, BIPOYeM, H BO BCeX PoMaHcKHXx Auanextax BaakancKoro nomyocrposa. KoneuHo, 3t0 He Moro 6b HMeTb Me€CTO IPH CXHHOM AaKHicKOM MpOHcxoxKAeHHH cOBa. Bce sTo roBopuT 0 TOM, ¥TO MOJaBcKOe cooBO dona aBaaeTcH 3auMCTBOBaHHeM. MoxHO BbINBHHYTh Jorayky, Yo AaKOpyMBIHCKOe coBo dona 6wno 3aumcTBoBaHoO B XIII—XV pekax y anrosues. ApryMentamu aus. 9Toit rH- | *NHOTESbI ABJIAIOTCA CeAyIOWMe (hakTbI (A3BIKOBOrO XapakTepa). B anrTosckom s3bike daina sto — «napognas NleCHA>, B TO BpeMs, Kak B MOJaBCKOM — TOJbKO KOHKPeTHbIi NOSTHYeCKHi H My3bIKAMBHBI 2XaHp. CrexopartenbHuo, B MOJaBCKOM A3bIKe CMbICW cuIORA ropasqo yxe, 4em B JINTOBCKOM. OTO cy%KeHe cMbICa, XapakTepHoe Kak pa3 AVIA eKCHYeCKHX 18 Em. Comisel, Preliminarii la studiul stiin{ific al doinei, ,,Revista de Folclor", TV, 1959, Ne 1—2, crp. 157. 187 3aHMCTBOBaHHii, HMeJIO MeCTO, KaK HaM y2Ke H3BeCTHO, B ceBepHOlt MosoBHHe JaKOPYMBIHCKOH TeppHTOPUH, TO-ecTb KaK pa3 Ha TeppHTOpHU, 2xUTeTH KOTOPOH AelicTBHTeIbHO MOTH CONpHKacaTbCsA ¢C MHTOBILAMH, OLITb Cc HUMU ec He B «coceACTBe>, TO XOTH Obl BXOAUTh B CHOWIeHHA BOeHHOrO, TOproporo HM KyJIbTypHoro xapaktepa. Kpome ororo, Ha cero,HalHnii AeHb, KOrAa yKE HAKONMIOCh HEMANO (PaKTOB, MOXKHO 3aMeTHTb H CHeLyIOulee, 10-BHAHMOMY, BOBCe Hec1yyalinoe copnagenne: cioBo doina Guityer B ero AHNaJeKTaJIbHBIX (popMax ddina u daind (cromb 6.1M3KHXx, Tox ZecTBeHHbIX JJHTOBCKOMy daina!), 1 BO BCTYMHTeMbHBIX chopMyslax HM Kak HapogHbtit TepMHH, Ha CeBepe, KaK pa3 B OONaCTH apeata ObITOBAHHA H ApeBHe itmel CTaquH MYy3bIKaJIbHOH 9BO1104uH 9TOrO xKaHpa.!? Hakone, 3auMcTBOBaHHe ci10Ba doina ceqoBano Obl NpesoOxKUTh UM MOTOMY, 4TO, B OTAHYHE OT JHTOBCKOTO, Te COBO HMECeT HONbUyIO ONOpy B OAHOKOpHEBEIX CHOBaX, B aKOPYMBIHCKOM Si3bIKe doina ABAAeTCA COBOM-OCHOBOIi, H T0TOMY TO BCe MPOHSBOAHbIe OT Hero CIOBa OGpas0BaHbI Mp MOMOLIM cpaBHHTCIbHO HOBBIX cyduKcos: uma Oownau o6pasoBpaHo mpu nomomm HOBoro B ASbIKe CyiuKca -aw, BeHTepcKOTO MpOHCXOxKAeHHA; B yMeHbIIHTebHO-aCKaTeMbHOM OowHUYS UMeeTCH cyuKc caBAHCKOrO Mpoucxox: AeHHA, BCe OCTaIbHbIe MpOHsBOAHbIe — Ootinap, a AotiHU, OollHumoaps u OoiixuTop, XOTA HM OopMuJeHHEIe npH nMOMOMH cyduxkcos slaTHHcKkoro TIPOHCXOK CHHA, BCE KE B MOMJABCKOM A3bIKe ABIAIOTCA MOBOJIbHO HOBbIMH o6pasopanvamn — llepHoga ObITOBaHHA .caMoro MoOJaBcKoro s3bIKa. Bce 9TO — M Cy2KeHHe CMbICIa, M COBMaqeHHe apeaia AMaeKTabHOH (opMb Oatina c apeanom jpeBHeiimel my3biKambHoil cranuu OWI, H, Hakouen, Mop(osoraa HOBbIX O6pasoBaHnii oT KopHeBoro cwoBa OollHa — He Morao Obl HMETb MeCTO, ecIH COBO OoiiHa (KaK TepMHH, He Kak NosTHUeCKHi 1 MYSBIKAJIBHBIH *KaHp!) Obi0 Obl AaKulickoro npoucxox AeHHA. SaMMcTBOBaHHe akopyMBIHCKOrO doiiHa Morsio HMeTh MecTO BO BpeMA pacilipeHuaA TpaHHy JIMTOBCKoro wapcerBa (XIII—XV sp.) snaoTh 70 rpanu Moagasun u cesepuoii Tpancumpeannu. Tponsoumio xe 3To 3auMCTBOBaHHe MpAMBbIM OOpa3oM HIN 2%Ke Yepes MOcpeACTBO NOMbCKOTO ASEIKA: Takoro 2%e HeACHOrO NPOHCXO*KAeHHA c0Bo dana (B KoHTeKcte: Da, dy, dana, da, dy, dana; Oj dana moja dana; Dana, dana, dana, dana; Dana ...lé ...W ip.) HMeeTCa HB MoubCKHX MecHAX2. TlepponavaibxHo, Hev3BecrHbii HaM KyIMeT UM Xe TOABKO 3TO OHO COBO, paHee ObITOBaBUIee B KaKOM-TO CaMOCTOSTebHOM KynaeTe (MoxeT ObITh WelicTBHTebHO H BOeHHOTO XapakTepa, H Ha JIMTOBCKOM si3bIKel!) m0NaslO B TeCKCT TpafMIMOHHOTO 3auHHa MeCTHOI TpayuNMOHHOM MenogzHH Holinti. BMecte ¢ nosTH¥ecKHM KyMWIeTOM WIM pedpeHHbIM cOBOM B 3TOT 3a4HH ObIIM MIpHBHeCeHbI, OKa3aJIMCb HanJlaCTOBaHHbIMH HH KOHTAaMHHH- * Béla Barték, Insemnari asupra cintecului popular rominesc, Cu 0 prefata de Zeno Vancea, ,,Revai Lexicon‘, Vol. Supl., 1935, erp. 73; Ap. Tiberiu Alexandru, Béla Barték despre folclorul rominesc, Bucuresti, 1958, erp. 73; Cfr. Em. Comisel, Op. cit., erp. 149. * Cm., Hanpumep, cOopauk: Dolf Chybinski, Od Tatr do Baltyky, Krakéw, 1950, NN 89, 140, 177, 208 u ap. 188 POBaHHbIMH S/1eMeHTEI HeOObIUHOM Menonnu. (Kak MbI yxKe 3HaeM, 3a4nH 9TOrO AAKOPYMBIHCKOrO My3bIKaJIbHOrO %aHpa, B KOTOpoM caoBo doina TONbKO HM (urypHpyet, He cBa3aH reneTHUeCKH uH TeMaTMYeCKH c TpanHMMOHHOH NOiHOi). Sarem, Onarogapa yxe yTBepAMBUeMyca OCTOAHCTBY 3auHHa H, CiI€OBaTe/IbHO, YaCTOTe ynoTpe6/1eHHA cOBa, OHO H30NMpoOBaW10Cb M3 KOHTeKCTa B KayeCTRe TE PMMHA AA BCerO My3bIKasIbHOrO 2KaHpa. Sry H30HUHI0 MBI HaGslOLaeM Mu ceronHA B Mapamypeule, rye TepMHH duina we MoxeT O6bITb OTAeNeH OT OOEIUHOTO nopTopenua dui-dui-dui, KoTopoe cileayer OMHaKO pacCMaTpHBaTb He Kak OOpa30BaTeNbHbIii KOPeHb Audi COBa, a Kak ero ciegcTBHe. Ho B Mapamypeule, rye cBa3b pecpenHOrO NOBTOPCHHA C yAKe H30/IMPOBaBLIMMCA TepMHHOM OMWyTHMa H cerogHA, COXpaHHJICA 3aKOHCeEPBUPOBaHHbIM ApeBHeliluuii TH MeO_HH Aol. Tipu H€PaBHOMEPHOCTH Pa3BHUTHA MyY3bIKaJIbHbIX 2KaHPOB Ha Pa3SHbIx TeppHTOPHAX, Mbl MOXKEM AONYCTHTb, YTO HMCHHO TakOii xe Mpouecc coBepllusAcH u B Mosgapun: u3 Takoro xe «HHopogHoro» sauna ci0BO H30JIMpoBaJlocb H yTBepAHNOCh Kak TepMuH. Ho sto npowsouio yxKe Ha KaKOM-TO paHHem atane ObITOBaHHA AOliHbI c ee NPHBHECeHHEIM 3a4uHHOM. Menonua xe camoii HOU! CeMOBaa 32eCb CBO NyTb 2BOMIONMH HM OTMaNeHUA ee OT apeselie craquM, coxpanueutelica To1bKo B Mapamypeme. Esponeiickue yuenble He 3HaH 0 HaqMYHH B MOAaBCKOM u PYMbIHCKOM s3bIKax Cl0Ba Oodixa. JIuToBcKOe xe daina HeKOTOpHIe 3 HHX, Kak, HanpuMep, Moxann Umugt, otnocuau x Kopmo di-t «ranuesate», Apyrue — K deja «xano6a», dejdoti «Kanopatpca» (neiixep), a Tuxter u An6epr Be6ep ycranopHan fanee cBa3b ero c cooTBeTcrBHaMH Apyrux HHoeBponelCKHX ASbIKOB (M€PCHACKHM, 3e€HXCKHM Hu Apyrumu). B nocaeqHem 3THMOJIOTHYCCKOM COBape JMTOBCKorO s3biKa E. @pexkess?!, B KoTOpom BocMpuHsTo MHeHHe Il[mugra, OTMeyeHO, uTO cOBO daina ObITyeT HM B AaTHILCKOM ASBIKe C TEM *Ke CMBICJIOM, H YTO OHO POACTBEHHO C JATBILICKHM xe raanorom diét «tanuesatb», «meth». [Ipocrpaiaa foKyMenTalua mo ceMaHTHKe HaHHOrO C/1OBa NPHBeseHa B JaTBHlicKO-HeMelKOM CloBape K. Mio- ‘eH6axa u A. Suz3ennHa??. BoiBHHyTas BbIe rumoTesa O JHTOBCKOM mpoHcxoxKTeHHH akOpyMBIHCKolt OodHe: KacaeTcCA, pasyMeeTca, TOMbKO TepMuHoOmorHMuecKol CTOpOHbI Bonpoca. Jloliva — aupuyeckuii xaup. A aupuxa — HenmpeMeHHas yacTb oubKOpa Bcex Hapogos. Ilo cBoeit KonKpeTHoii (opMe u coyep2xaHuio Hola ocoGeHHo O1u3ka AMupHuecKkHM necHAM HapOdOB, %KMBYWHX Ha BaaKanax. Ho HM MupoKoe pacnpocrpaneHue 2%aHpa B WetOM, HH Oonee KOHKpeTHOe CxOACTBO ero y OnpeeseHHOrO Kpyra HapofOB HUKAaK HeNb39 pacCMaTPHBaTb Kak 3aHMCTBOBaHHe, Kak Murpaluio. DombLKAOpucTH onepHPyloT TaKHM TepMHHOM, Kak NOMUFeHE3HC, KOTOPbIM OOoOsHayaeTCA caMO3aPOXKACHHE %KAHPa OMHOBPeEMeCHHO y Pa3HBbIX HapogoB, nopoii oven * Prof. E. Fraenkel, Litauisches Etymologisches Worterbuch, Lieferung I, Heidelberg—Gittingen, 1956, s. v. ™ K. Miilenbachs—J. Endzelins, LatvieSu valodas vardnica, I-IV, Riga, 1923 — 1932, 189 OTAANCHHBIX Apyr OT Apyra, Kak cueACTBHe OAMHAKOBBIX ycnoBHil matePHaJbHOH MH AYXOBHOH xXH3HH. Crumb %ke My3bIKaNbHOrO %KaHpa joliHa no HaGmO_CHHAM He onHOro MYSBIKOBe1a OTCbIIaeT Hac He Ha ceBep, He B cTOpoHy JIuTBEI, a Ha BOCTOK (cp. yKpaHHcKHe AyMpl) H Ha 10ro-BOcTOK (Béla Barték)?3, Ha socrox (C. Brailoiu)*, u x llepcucko-apa6ckomy Makamy (Emil Riegler Dinu)2°. CpaBHHTenbHBIM H3y¥eHHeM MomaBcKOli Oowner u mUTOBCKUX daina ene HHKTO H€ SAHHMAJICA, HO HET COMHEHHS, YTO TeMa ata HaliqeT B CKOPOM BpeMeHH cBOerO HccIeROBaTemA-SHTy3HacTa. Kak 8H2HO H3 H310%KeHHOrO, BoMpoc 06 exuHOM NpOHCxo*KMeHHH MoOWAaBCKOrO H AHTOBCKOrO TepMHHa Oodna—daina He Tak SJ@MeHTapeH, Kak OH MpegcTaBiatcs cBbiine 80-TH neT TOMy Hasaq naxKe TaKOMy MacTHTOMy YueHOMY, KakuM sipaicd Xawasy. YaAuBuTenbHOe oHeTHYecKoe coBnaseHHe STHX TBYX TEPMHHOB H HX CCMAHTHYECKaA OH3OCTb HYKMalOTCA B MabHeHLIHX KPONOT/IMBIX HCCeOBAHHAX OObEMUHEHHEIX ycuNuii H A3bIKOBeq0B (quanekTosoros Hu 9THMOnOrHCTOB) Hu, rlaBHEIM 06pa30M, MY3bIKOBexoB, 1 HE TObKO MOJAaBCKHX H PYMBIHCKHX, HO H YKPaHHCKHX, MOJbCKHX, waTBILICKHX H, 6e3yc0BHO, JHTOBCKHX. Kuumunes MOLD., RUM. DOINA KILMES KLAUSIMU G. BOGACIUS Reziumé Straipsnio autorius iskelia hipoteze, kad zodj doina, kuris nuo XIX a. vidurio plaGiai isigaléjo kaip folkloristikos terminas tam tikrai dainos riSiai zymeti, dako-rumunai XIII—XV a. galéjo pasiskolinti is lietuviu, kuriy valstybés sienos tuo metu sieké Moldavija ir Siaurine Transilvanija. Pasiskolinti jie galéjo tiesiog i8 lietuviy arba per lenky kalba. Kad Zodis. doina dako-rumuny kalboje yra skolinys, rodytu ir tai, kad Sio Zodzio reiksmé, palyginus su lietuviy daind reik&me, yra susiauréjusi, be to, i8vestiniai zodziai is doina sudaryti su naujais, daugiausia svetimos kilmés sufiksais. ; * Béla Barték, Op. cit., 191, 192; Ap. Tiberiu Alexandru, Op. cit., 75. * Const. Brailoiu, La musique populaire roumaine, ,,La revue musicale“, N spécial: ,,La musique dans les pays latins‘, 1940, erp. 7-8. * Emil Riegler Dinu, Das ruminische Volkslied, Berlin, 1940; Ap. Em, Comisel, Op. cit., crp. 150.