Simonas Daukantas – lietuviškos gramatinės terminijos pradininkas

The terms of Prasmos are presented thematically, based on Latin terms. Numbers indicate the pages where they are used. Grammatica —the science of language, or grammar 7,44,113 || meaning 1. Litera — rodvowel 12,74,112 || rodvowel 3, 5, 6, 7,24; vocales — vowels: short and drawn 4; consonants — consonants 4: labiales — labial 5, dentales — dental 5, gutturales — larynx 5, liquidae — liquid 5, mutae — larynx 5; diphthongi — gretbalsés, or diphthongs 4; syllaba — vowel" 6,38,43,63. Augmentum —augment 50,52,87 || anteauge 48,61,85; terminatio —termination 114; composita —compound 9 || composed words 115: simplicia —complete 9, primitiva —initial 9, primitive 112, derivativa —derivate 9. Parts of speech 7: flexibiles 7, inflexibiles 7. Nomina —nouns 7; verba —verbs 7; particulae —substantives 7; nomen substantivum —noun 9: propium —real 9, appelativam —ordinary 9, or societas 9, commune —universal 9; nomen adjectivam —adjective 8, or adjective 8,16,33,38 || adjective 36,37: masculine || feminine || medium badwords 33, “adjectives of the masculine, feminine, unnominated genus”; adjectiva numeralia — badvardziai likiniai 39 “numbers”: cardinalia — basic 39, ordinalia — postpositional 40, distributiva — fractional 40, adverbia numeralia — adverbs lekiniai 40. Pronomen —jvardé 8: pronomina indefinita —jvardés abelnosios 20, definita —aiskiosios 21 wivardiniai pronomenai“, personalia —vardinės 42, simplicia —iStisosios 42, composita —sudétinés 42. Verbum — mirror 8: verba inchoativa — initial verbs 8,113, frequentativa — manual verbs 8,113, impersonalia — non-personal verbs 119, activa — active verbs 45, passiva — passive verbs 45, deponens — passive verbs 45, verbum substantivam — auxiliary verb 47, paSalpinis 95, paselpinis 114, participium — participle** 8,60, participia activa — active verbs 73, passiva — passive verbs 81, irregularia — irregular verbs 113. Adverbium — verb 8,117. Praepositio —pryvardé*® 112,116 || pirmskriejis 8: praepositiones —skaidZiosios 112, skaiainés pryvardés 113, praefixae —neskaidziosios pryvardés 112, neskaidinés pryvardés 116; praefixae verborum —prydurai 20. Conjunctio —joined 8 || conjunction 113: copulativae —kergiancieuses 113, disjunctivae —shaidinés 114, conditionales —varunkinés 114, adversativae —priesinginés 114, concessivae —concluding 114, causativae —causative 114, conclusivae —ryZtinés 114, ordinativae — parédytinés. Interjectio —aité, or regret 9; dejavimas, or aiciojimas || aiteréjimas 114. Subjectum —veikéjas 45. Numbers—numbers, or level 10: singular—singular level 10, singular 14,24,43, plural—plural level 10, plural 14,2443, dual—chemarical level 14. Genus 9: masculinum 9, femininum 9, neutrum 9. * Declinatio —lankuosena 9 || lankuotiné 12 || skvarma 12; casus —linkis 9: nominativus — kaslinkis- '® 10, genetivus —kienolinkis 10 —dativus —kamlinkis 10, accusativus —veiksmingis 10, vocativus —dejoslinkis 10, localis —vietlinkis 11; casus recti —linkiai staduriniai 11. Graduation 38; gradus 39 || degree 112: positivus equal 38, comparativus superior 38, superlative superior 38, superior of all 38. Tempus —time 51: praesens —esantesis 51, imperfectum —past 51, imperfectum consuetudinis —jpratinis 53, perfectum —past 53, plusquamperfectum —recent past 10 Meanings* 3 p. 11. at p. 38 this term is used once with interchangeable components — verbs. 12 p. 8 used once the form pronoun. ... ** Often in,,Prasmo“, individual verbs are also called numbers, e.g.: 4 verb, 1 verb, etc. ir 205 the following terms: laikas, drika „syllable“, ending „end“, ištiesiniai (words), pašalpos „service words“, antaugas „preposition“, dejavimas, or aičiojimas „feeling“, dingstis „pretext- “, atentis laikas „future“, prydurai,- praefixae verborum- “, singular „singular- “, keimarinis (like) „double“ and others. The term "sound type" is also used as an adjective in spoken language: /ūpinės || dantinės || gerklės || cheminės || nosinės (gaudės). S. Daukantas also adapted the words of the spoken language to represent the following concepts: continuous words, real name, definita (definite noun), simplicia (simplicity of noun), major || minor (significant noun) "letters", continuous action, "actio continua". In general, S. Daukantas used the possibilities of his own dialect to create terms. The suffix -sena, characteristic of the Žemaites, has the same meaning as -imas (e.g., krioksena "screaming, screaming", lėksena "screaming, raging", sėsena "sowing"), he also used in terms such as: lankuosena,linkniavimas, kliptosena "climbing", laikuosena "personification". With this suffix S. Daukantas created more new words, e.g. aukausena "sacrifice", griesena "robbery- ", kariausena, jaunikausena, mergausena, etc. As can be seen from the list of terms presented, S. Daukantas tried to create a completely Lithuanian grammar terminology. Even the term of grammar he called Lithuanian meaning*- ®, which in other writings he used in the meaning of “understanding”, e.g.:,,Motriškosios. spinned, wove and painted their canvases and flour in various colors without learning anything, their own dyes in their own sense. Violins, or violets, were also played with their sense*®. Instead of the translational adjective construction used at that time and even later, Lithuanian language, Lithuanian language- "? S. Daukantas usually used a typical nobleman for this purpose, e.g. : Meaning of Latin language, "for greater perception of the language of Otyn I will first lay the archways of the language of Žemaitija" and so on. The purity and Lithuanianness of S. Daukanto- ’s grammatical terminology is also shown by the fact that he avoided foreign words, and if he used them, he used only those that were established in the colloquial language and did not come up with a Lithuanian equivalent for them, or perhaps considering them his own or common words. Of the foreign nouns used in colloquial language, only a few are used for grammatical terms, e.g.: abelninė (substantive) „indefinita“, asaba „persona- “, neasabiniai, „impersonale“, abelninė (dingstė) „„infinitivus“, (action) abelnas..actio indeterminata“. “i 15 1935 m. 100 mg S. Daukanto ,,Būde“ this word is considered by the editor to be of male gender ir ,,in its own sense“. This is done, probably, because of the fact that ir ostems, ir a-stem noun noun ending S. Daukanto is written the same (because jo in dialect it is ir pronounced the same), e.g.: waiszino keptd mesod, ir dound joudo prasto mint, to jaund ir budams, tarpd etc. In manuscript material for the dictionary S. The name of the group is derived from the ir meaning of the word, "intellect". — The feminine form of the word would be indicated by a derivative noun meaning, e.g. ir : So according to my sense I said, about young ką growths it was possible to say (Preachings about gardens, 1849, p. 26). 18 See. S. Daukantas, Selected Writings, 1955, p. 205. I. The word "spirit" is used in the meaning of "intellect, intelligence". : “Here is neither to believe nor to imagine; clear that this ne 0, o the work of one's Essence. ir Ir say one tu man, to what thoughts it leads“ (I. Simonaitytė, Raštai, t. 1, Vilnius, 1957, p. 401). W For example: : K. "Kazakha language". (1832), S. Stanevičiaus „Short lesson in Lithuanian or Žemaitic language“ (1829), J. Juškos..- Kalbos lietuviško liežuvio“ (1861) and others. 207 sės), visų aukščiausiasis laipsnis, dantiniai || lūpiniai || nosiniai (priebalsiai), kalbos dalys, sudurtiniai žodžiai, sudurtiniai laikai, vyriškoji || moteriškoji (giminė). These basic terms of grammar, created by S. Daukanto in unfavorable conditions for the growth of Lithuanian national culture, are part of his merits in Lithuanian scientific terminology (there are more of his innovations from history, ethnography) and in the formation of literary language in general. CHMOHAC JĮAYKAHTAC —OCHOBOTINOJIO- )KHHK JIHTOBCKOH T PAMMATHYECKOK TEPMHHOJIOTHH A. BAJIANJAKHTHC Pesvne Cumonac Jlaykaurac (1793 —1864) —oOjiKH H3 BblAdIOUHXCHA JHTOBCKHX MpocBeTHTeaed H yueHbIX nepsoi NOJIOBHHbI XIX B. OH Hanucaa MHOro NONYJIApHbIX paCoT H3 06/1acTH HCTOPHH H stHorpadun JliurBsi. B riepHojį npoGyKJeHHS HALHOHAJIbHOTO CAMOCO3HAHHS JIHTOBCKOTO Hapoaa tpyas C. Jlaykauraca, HanuCcaHHbie Ha POJHOM f3bIKe, ChITpa/JIH BeCbMA MOJIOKHTEALHYIO pojib. Kpome Toro; OH uMeer 3acAyrd H B 061acTH JHHTBHCTHKM H TeJarorHKH: COCTABJIAJI _CJIOBAapH, BIIepBbIe HA JIMTOBCKOM S513bIKE H3/laJI TpAMMATHKY JIATHHCKOTO S13biKA,,Prasma latina“ (1837). 3acayxuBaeT BHHMaHHA OjiHa H3 OOJIacTeK jiesTeJjibuocTH C. Jlaykanraca —ero cJI0BOTBopuecTBO. Bejib JIS Toro, Yutobu! NHCAaTb y4eOHHKH HA JIHTOBCKOM Ai3bIKE, HAJIO ČbiJIO C03/1aBaTh cneiHAaJIbHYJO TEpMHHOJIOTHIO, HOO BCE JIHTOBCKHE TpaMMATHKH, KH3/laHHbIe 10 TOTO BpeMeHH, GbiJIH HAIHCAHbI HA JIATHHCKOM HJIH HEMELIKOM fAsbikax. 1842) C. Jlaykanrac co3/taJi oKoJio 150 JIHTOBCKHX JIHHTBHCTHUECKHX TepMHHOB. Muorune H3 HEX ŠGČbiJIH VJIAUKHbIMH H YNOTpeOJIAJIHCb JIpyTHMH aBTOPAMH JIHTOBCKHX rpaMMaTHK (H. IOmxoti, K. Slyniocom), a Takue, Kak noun,, ams cymecrBHTeJibHoe“, adjective,,aMs npujJiaraTe/tbHoe“, degree,,creneHb cpaBHeKus“, parts of speech,uacrnu peun“, compound words „CJioxHsIe cJioBa“, short vowels,,Kparkue rJiacHhble“ H Ap. I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry. I |l05TOMY HauajJIOM JHTOBCKOH JIHHTBHCTHUECKOH TEDMHHOJIOTHH HAjJIO CUHTATb NMepBy io NnoJIOBHHYy XIX B., ee OCHOBONOJIOXHHKOM — C. Jlayranraca, a He A. Bapanayckaca (1835-1902), Kak 3710 neJiaJiocb [0 CHX nop. 14, Uzsak, No. 174