Iš Gervėčių tarmės semantinių dialektizmų

THE STUDIES OF LEXIC LITHUANIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES THE SEMANTIC DIALECTISMS OF THE GOOD WORDS A. MEDIUM Every language, and thus every ir dialect, is a system in constant change. Different parts of the language system change at uneven speeds. Most likely, the vocabulary is prone to change. This depends on both internal (intralinguistic) and external (extralinguistic) factors. The main impulses of language development are internal – they are systemic changes related to internal laws of development, so-called system “pressure”. External impulses related to various historical, political, economic and social conditions play a significant, sometimes even very important role in the development of language. Therefore, when examining the vocabulary of Gervėčiai dialect, it is useful to look at the geographical ir position of this area and some past moments. Gervėčiai district, consisting of 16 villages, is one of the most compact Lithuanian islands kų Belarusian TSR (Gafdino str., Astravo r.). According to the ši distance, the ir district is one of the closest Lithuanian places, į located east of Vilniaus (about 60 km.), incoming į XIII — XVI a. ethnographic Lithuania? *. But at the moment Gervėčiai district is no longer directly connected with the main Lithuanian language area. When and at what point these ties were finally broken, it is easy to determine from the reports of the priests of the Vilnius Diocese in 1827 about the use of languages in the parishes. jų For example, intermediate Buivydžių ir The parishes of Bistrytė at that time were still purely Lithuanian, only in the neighboring parish of Varnioniū there was already a mixed language. There were 26 other Lithuanian villages in the area of Mikailiškiai. Many people in the Lavėriškiai area already spoke Slavic, but their native language was still Lithuanian, because a few years ago everyone here spoke Lithuanian®. About the use of languages south of Gervėčiai we know only that in the early second half of the 19th century Vilnius — The old generation still spoke Lithuanian along the roads of Ašmenės?. Thus, in the first half of XIX a. (and approximately until the middle of the century) Gervėčiai district was not yet separated from the main Lithuanian language ir area, only with the Slavification of the intermediate districts, Gervėčiai gradually separated from the rest of the Lithuanian language mass. That the ši island remained unslaved, according to the local people, much served The Manor of Gervėčiai (grandfatir her) the local priest, who in the times of punishment very strictly prohibited mixed marriages in general ir mixing of the population. Of course, this was ar hardly done deliberately for cultural purposes. * M. A. Bopojnnna, Bansuue MHOA3BIMHBIX I'm sorry, Ha I'm sorry. — Boripockr couKHAJNbHOK JINHTBHCTHKH, Jlenunrpaj, 1969, p. 89. * J. Jakubovskis, Relations between nationalities in Lithuania before Lublin Union, Kaunas, 1921, p. 3—7, * BenoMocrn 0 KocTreJiaxX H MOHAaCThIpsx Bujiekckoh ariapxun, 1827 r. Lietuvos TSR centrinis istorinis archyvas, f. 694, b. I, nr. 769. * WI. Syrokomla, Excursions and tours po Lithuania in w rays od Vilnius (to Oszmiany — do Kier-. new — do Kaunas), t. 2, Vilnius, 1860, p. 58. 2% With the Slavification of the intermediate neighborhoods, the group of Lithuanian villages concentrated around Gervėčiai found themselves surrounded by Belarusian language. In this way, the Gervėčiai dialect has preserved a number of archaic morphological, syntactic and lexical features, but on the other hand, due to the specific conditions of isolation and close contacts with Slavic languages, many new morphological, especially constructive forms (cf. vedic with suffixes -dyti, -uiti), new syntactic constructions and especially various lexical innovations — changes in the meaning of native words, borrowed words, value words, old words — have begun to form. In this article, we want to look at words of changed meaning; so-called semantic dialectisms. It is not easy to describe such dialectisms because of the richness and diversity of dialect vocabulary. There are many beautiful words in the dialect, not one of which is quite rare, e.g.: abūšlaitė, krosniadangté®, amas „mouth“, bizdigonas „laumžirgis“, gimtis „birth“, įsas, -a, „short, -a“, ludtas, „boat“, sopagalvys „eitrusis vietrinas- “, trynėlė „kirvarpa- “. There are many constructive morphological and phonetic morphological structures: ažudarinys "garden, fence", bulbiénis "potato-- grower", darblūs, -i "diligent, -i", kraušūs, "shore", ménastis "month", šoknūs, -i "shoe", vievurst)s "waterfall", žangsnys "step", etc. There are many synonyms, duplicates: nephew: orphan; 1996: "The Village" (The Village, The Village, The Village, The Village, The Village). Some of these doublets have arisen due to interaction between Lithuanian and Slavic languages, for example: skalsinjkas „aitva- „ras, kaukas“: katas: sparyžius, klegėti „talk“: amanyti. Often the same thing is called one way in one village and another way in another, for example: raugiéné (Gėliūnai, Gaigaliai): saldieénis (Knystūškės, Pelegrinda): tašla (Girios, Pelegrinda), pėmpė (Gervėčiai, Girios, Galčiūnai): plpné (Gėliūnai, Gaigaliai, Milcėjos). Partly this may be related to the old administrative boundary of Vilnius and ASmends counties, which somewhere passed through Gervėčiai apylinke®. Many of these words of similar or even identical meaning are differentiated in the dialect lexically or stylistically, for example: trauklys, „pully, usually infected from abroad”, votis „a spontaneously occurring abscess”, pūlvotė „puffy, small, painful pimple without a tip”, sopulys „usually any painful place or wound”, although sopuliūkai are also called šunvotės or nedidelés vočiukės, kalytė, kaldité, „any bitch” (neutral meanings): čiurditė (a fairy tale character), sunaramuné „chamomile”: ciuciūkas (a more children’s word, made from the black insects called ciuciukai that fly in the flowers). This is because “language ‘does not tolerate’ meaningless identities, and the appearance of an absolute or complete synonym eventually displaces its partner or forces it to change its meaning and become not allSku®”. Therefore, there are many words with changed meanings in the dialect. We could call them systemic semantic dialectisms, unlike contextual dialectisms, “which are the least respected in this article. Thus, by semantic dialectisms Here neutral words are meant, which in their form coincide with Ik. or the corresponding words of other dialects, but differs from them in their content, i.e. meaning. However, knowing that Ik. lexical composition (dictionary) has hete5 Cz. Jankowski, Powiat Oszmianski, t. 1—3, Petersburg, 1896—1898, the border between Ašmena and Vilnius counties is drawn by the Aluoša and ASmends rivers to the Neris. Thus, Vilnius County included the following surviving larger Lithuanian villages: Gaigaliai, Gėliūnai, Gervėčiai, Gudinifikai, Miciūnai, Mėckos, and ASmends County —Galčiūnai, Girios, Knystūškės, Milcėjos, Pelegrinda, Pėtrikai, Rimdžiūnai and others. It remains unclear only whether the parishes were actually divided in this way in the past, or whether the above-mentioned map is inaccurate, 6 J. Pikčilingis, Leksinė ir gramatinė sinonimika, Kaunas, 1969, p. 8. 20 ronimj’ nature (this is essentially reflected in,,Dabartinés lietuvių kalbos žodynas“, Vilnius, 1954; hereinafter DLKŽ), the criteria for distinguishing those dialectisms remain unclear. Blindly relying on the DLQ and looking only at words whose form coincides in the dialect and in that dictionary, but whose meaning is different in the dialect, we should present pure semantic dialectisms with mixed (meaning and form) dialectisms, and leave a lot of the clearest dialectisms of meaning simply because they are included in that meaning in the dictionary or not mentioned in it. Semantic dialectisms are best distinguished based on their functions, i.e. how widely and diversely certain words are used in the dialect being described and how widely they are known in other dialects. Unfortunately, the prevalence of all the meanings of the words presented in the article could not be verified due to lack of information. In addition, a certain subjectivity in the selection of semantic dialectisms could also occur due to the material collected? fragmentation. Like every word, so-called semantic dialectisms have only one meaning, some more than one. According to the number of meanings (semantic variants), semantic dialectisms can be divided into unimportant and polyvalent. This is the case for the dialects that have only one consonant. different meaning, polysemantic —which, in addition to specific, narrowly known meanings, have retained other, more widely (usually and Ik.) known meanings. However, the semantic dialectisms presented by us can be divided into two parts purely by form, i.e. into more widely and narrowly known words, although most of them are DLKZ. I.1. First, we present the most extensive lk. known words, which in dialect have one narrower or wider, but different or of different scope than lk. value. Of course, the Ik. The influence, especially the younger ones, sometimes use dialectisms of a specific meaning (e.g., dobiJas, gylis, pašaras) in other meanings, but from tradition they are considered univocal words: bradinys „,tribradis“: Bradzinis trisi: žuvduč: one aina from ažvačė, two pirmagali. condition „living, being“: At md condition it was not. Need to start a new book. cover "roof": PIėš(k) and duiikšci". He put the gun in his pocket. dobiliūkas,nekultirinis, mevos dobilas“: Dobilūkai belci, mažėlei mevo, o kanušina, kū sėja, švydeli žiedai. gylis „sparva- “: Gi'lei dzideli for cows attacks. javas,,bėralas, nevėtyti, su pelais grūdai“: "Grains with peels, not harvested." Javas prig méki-nditei. "Kapi, kap cik iškuli su mekėnim, o išarfūjei, tai jai gru'dai. E.g. javinis, -ė: Javini: 'Dūnu' kepē. klegėti, kalbéti*: Ma momūls thinly kl@ga, ė tū thickly. You'll see, you'll see, you'll see, you'll see, you'll see, you'll see. It's my mom's priest. You've been cheating on me. Do not hold anything Zodélo asclegécie, do not hold anything aMomani-cie. The Praklegé's apple tree. Susklegéé was atvaZavus. krutéti „to work“: Krūta isijoosis kap kalšis juodas. And that's her 2@mikrutéjo. Nephrolepis nephrolepis. There's nothing to worry about. Turn your back. How much you're screwing up “ For more information about heteronyms or synonyms with different scope of use, see J. Gossens, structural Language geography, Heidelberg, 1967, p. 86. 8 Thank you to J. Lipskienė, K. Eigminas, A. Jonaitytė, G. Aleksaite and the folk osakininkai K. Grigas, Vélis, Saukas, who allowed to use the recorded N. dialect L. material. ju 21 Years past, he's gone. ir What's going on? Oh, I've got it, I've got my hands on it. leaves ‘Turnip leaf soup’: Ropu: leafy, ropiený džovinom ir virém. The Leaf Worm. Lapatoute „,whatever, nobody to talk to“: He's like that, he's always lapping. stick "hazel": O chicken can not unskrisé lazdon. O kdmgi my sticks broke. substance ‘vedega’: There, in the meadow, there was no one. Manure, d. Manure ‘scrap’ means: We need to get rid of the ir manure. It's in the dung. We're pouring ir manure on pregnant cows. Méshios's seat was a su twisted bean. thought “Memory” means: But my mind was overwheča lmed Jakovanis. For feed ‘Oatmeal, barley straw, pea ir meal’: Ti" feed compound. Da how much oatmeal to fill the pot George. peon ‘heel’ means: Tweezers. Ir I'm a little bit shy. (wooden pins). ratchet ‘karstas’ means: Raščis is already ragged, ė he's getting into the boys' affairs. "Aina Pišič, kab duobiiškast, kad rūkšči: padarit". He made the i un scraps in the grave sa of a young boy. randas „rantas- “: As long as rundii and ragū, there is ma@tu. rinse ‘washing, rubbing’: Skalduna tai ruikom gūdužo, trina, kap o pldudža patiiso ir — pakara un tvorū. Soft undué, cha split very well. E.g. skaldutoja "washerwoman": Skaldutoja trina ru'būs; skalsa „turtas- “: That barn brought them skalsés. I'm a rocker, n@sa. smuklés “loops, pinklés*: PaiSas pakdrta ir smikles padarita. Wolves unkloughed smūklesan and war. machines "weaving machine thighs": Stakles are the thighs, and all are the stands. stūburas „stove and ceiling support of smoke-picking furnace- “: Piškos used to be with stuburs. The young lady takes her bag, stands up, and doesn't pass through the door. sutra "bad man, outgaming": Ké €a atajai, sutra tu. Šėkas „viksva“: Šėkas tok ésa būlosa duga. As jim nešu piend@lo an an ragėžlu* sékélo. fertilizer "manure": I swept all the tru'šas, aišū pakratišu. Tru's got it. trūpinti „,piaustyti, smulkinti gabalėliais“: Onion, take care of it nicely. E.g. truputPs „piece“: Un trupuéii cuts a bulb (unlike gurinti „crumbling“, gurutys „breakage“). tvardytis, su-si-tvardyti, „to form, to organize“: Tadū susitvardė Lietuva. vedėja,,dvibradis®: And with that we caught a fish. veizdēt, vēzdēt “to look”: Anas véizdi mergds. Her brother-in-law was crying, gnawing, and rustling. Drive well and you'll find it. vefšis "bull (and romed)": Well, we'll go for the calf, so that you can get out. He'll be fine with his eyes. ir In addition to the traditional, widely known meanings in the dialect, polysemantic words sometimes have specific meanings, different from Ik. values. Along with this group are also presented common words (or their diminutive forms) that have become terms of narrow (translational) meaning, whose original meanings are widely known in other dialects and Ik. action "beginning of basket weaving- ": The basket's eyelets are woven. autélis ,,knot”: Im(k) autelistaluo nushioscié. brigzti, ap-, su-brigzti,- ,ap-, su-gizti, pradėti rūgti“: Sour milk. Plg. Spray milk. The milk's already splashed. brinkti, pri-brinkti „pri-tvinkti“: Cow stéu, her udder pribrinkis. bubble "flower bud": Again the release of bubble, again the buds. daūžti(s), at-, až-, nu(si)-daužti, „at-, za-, nu-si-mušti“: 76 witch dauzė and other koj@lor Čuraitei. "Kočėlū per galvą — ir aždaužė tw vaiką". "Fingerprints". So we "Lietuvos daiizémés" (in Lithuanian). až-dirti „to raise“: Anas acigule un ližės ir aždzirė kėjas (upwards). dygnas „,dangtis‘“: you don’t know where dygnas put Ar the pot for two salem. „izdykauti“: Nedélom no sūsrenka su children par w The area ir is dusty. bifrontal ‘santaka’: Aluoša ir The blade was twisted. gadinti, pa-gadinti „niekais pa-versti“: Pagadzino sėmenis, pėrnai paliko lauki. Ir The kids were raped, beaten. gaidėlis, gaidžiūkas "such a white-flowering meadow plant": Gaidėlei baltai židzi. The cocksuckers are catching perzidzi, loca pinkies are found. gamintis, iš-, pri-(si)jgaminti „to prepare, to prepare, to make“: Gaminiés, bob, taisais, bob, kap giedoč. You've made a thing for everyone. It was made by Puūdzi'mas, Rugdm prigamindo. It was a blast. You're not helping me, you're making me and the kid eat. garas „,krūnies viršus, ir koptūras“: The children sédzi pėčaus iri over steam. un ir steamed, flavoured by heat: I'm not sure what you ir mean. (drabuZius). clusters Play: For home sūsrenka bernėkai grdudia ir mecikai (with a ball, projectile) stay there. gražinti, iš-gražinti „to castrate, to castrate out (only paršus)’: Ani's paršūs ti" grdZina. We've done it. (dog). rake „ grass similar to į silvergrass, but with smaller leaves“: Grėblūlei — žols, ana loc rasiklédo. "Kru'muču biiva". gri€ti, nu-griéti ‘wiped off’: All worms (grunting) no table knocked ir down nun Suniuo. pure „naked, bare“: Bobs lies with gri‘na belly. Get down to be a gringo. The fields are already green. | - lay, lay-down, lay-down, lay-down (only ne piglet)“: Ir dai kumelėkūs guldo. Ar The calf is still there. ar kėsti "to love, to like": When I was young, my girls changed. Jo That cat was a musician, she was ir very angry. Kap jauna buvaū, ļoti kiniaii, ka tīra bit. Pig „toks grybas, baltikas, gruzdas““: Kaiiles tékos baltos, anos It's fine. courtyard I. ‘village’: There were maybe a hundred pitbulls in our yard. Plg. yard, -ė "village": Zmonés bédija to the yard. 2. ‘visitor’ means: Kiemafi attais dzievas par ji. It's already in iš the yard. : to hinder,,to touch, to Ti hinder“: was the mark liewita. Unt@pus doesn't need kiudzié. Don't lie to me. tu kulnas 1. "cock's heels" cock's heels. ir 2. „„((knee) lanikstas, elkūnė““: Ėjom stūcei, dai o kulnu apsuka, kriūgu“ gives. heel "spine, bone": Thick drop heel. — Ruiikos ir heels apsdaufaii. My heels are rubbing. Kumelaitė „toks grybas“: Kumelditės autumn. 23 laidyti,,milzti*: Unksci aina Ididzi'č kovu. sheet “,any leaf”: Nootka with mottled scales, very deep. Gi'slécei and takū broad sheet. laūkas „naked, field“: Da visdi young, ė jau laūkas. A hairless grandchild. Plg. laūkymas, plikūmas, laukumas“: Jam per visu kūktu: laūki'mas. "Kova lauka, per visą galvą" (in Lithuanian). i linélis, linagalvis "small yellow flowering plant": Lin@lei well kruciné kap sépa. The yellow-headed lizard. lūpti „force to tear, to crush“: Lininiai lupam. Hard soil, impossible islupé. think, think about 1. „to understand, to know, to be able, to invent“: Slékta lénkis- "when mané. Kap ana primano maša mergoké. It's all right, it's all right. (Valgymuy) nusmūnom ligi valei. 2.,,pavargti“: Jail tép nusmanaui krutéc, that is Jesus Maria kap dajéde. tar "forest- ": E kuf anas nuvaZdu medi. My father took you out of m@dzan. It is a young tree. milinis, -¢& "wool, -ė": There was a milf Sulu. Wool and ovėles, and spun — Sulai milinei. soft, -@ “fine, -i (about flour)”: Ca soft flour. For one, the mixture is soft, for another, it is rough. Pédzia "shoe, foot": Pēdžosu uiimusta kru kai. pénas ‘feed’: Khionan p@nu: uncle. Those who didn't have a p@no drove the snow and defended the pine. You don't have a penis. penéti, iš-, pa-penéti “to feed, feed, feed”: Ana parsus péni. There's a cold in my head. Dué parsuo papenéc. pirkaité „kamara- “: It was a cold winter, but biilbos pirkaité(- je) was not cold. The house was filled. plonas, -a „fresh, -ia (about sour cream)“: Plonds smetdnos unru‘ginam. raiikinis, rankinditis „nosinė, nosinaité*: Where did you get your rusikini- *? Sweedé rankinditi', rasiléjo aZerdicis. riebuma „fat“: Kap riebumés well uiidedi, it's all good. rūbelaitis, rabeldlis „skarelė- “: And nedélom with a daily rubeldicu she walks around. All the girls with ru beliles, only Marité without ru belile. „scarf (to cover one’s shoulders from rain, cold)“: Ragéu, nuvė ti koka su rurbelū per kiemą. rumbė "scar, seam": Rumbė remains as it heals. Rumba with Sita shirt. samanéla "such grass of the soil": Ti samanélor very much like cows. sėgti, apsi-, nusi-sėgti, -segdyti „,apsi-, nusi-vilkti“: It was a black turn. "Anthony Snyder's 'Scream'- ". You've been wearing dresses because you're a girl. skarinis „poor tablecloth, from the end of the cloth“: Skarini* užklo, papile is pūodo bilbu. Un Scarino's already bloody blinw, and ir he's got to get out. skaudūs, -i "hurtful, severe, hot": Skaudus lietus pala(i)scinéjo. Tie the Rope’ (under the belly) that horse so painful. splitting „pliauska- “: Kap paskdldo mdlkw, splitting musik vadzinasi. Prasvdidae Sénan no kélo. ‘roasted or green bacon’: Praptole spirginis. I really like (pasta) with green spinach. Susietka su brought bli'nū du ir du He's got ir a spine. 24 ap-si-, až-, pa-spirti,,- pa-si-, za-remti“: kačėrgu Su (stick) apsispirč. Okay. Open the door. The wall is lifted. Satra, kartis vežimui veržti arba pirkioje rūbams užmesti“: Višvėm Satruprimti iga, kad nerazbirét šiėnas. Shatra roubam pakdré. shout “to be called”: Ana tep shouts grass. to taršyti, pa-taršyti „to shake“: Už the legs pataršė ir pagrūvo. tvotis ‘rush’ means: We've been sleeping all night. usnélé „so blue flowering plant“: Usnėles mėli'nai židzi kap gaidé@lei. Strike, up-, pa-, with-strike, -strike ‘pa-, su-, za-griežti, -groti’: Take it, take it. §6ké. "Anas kap ažu'že, tai rėkė". If you want to jump, you have to jump. It's a good thing. walking "sour, ferment": The beer is served in a glass. nu-si-vy ti ‘nusipinti’: Get off my crown, get off my crown Sal ji. breeding „change“: Ca already daiig turned into kunigil. Chicken „toks grybas, guotė“: We call those fish chickens. wool "pinted tub for grain": Piném wokus dzidelus, liūdo ciela bačka grudil. Zagariné "wicker fence": Zmaogus pina žagarini" from Saudil, nemacna gi to žagarinė. gray, -a “grey, -a”: Crows gi are gray. Aš I had so many grey kélines. Zlugtas 1. ‘basin with su legs’: Three-lesu gged. 2. „kas drėgnas, permirkęs“ (what is wet, soaked): In a moment all is ruined. fish "Fisherman- ": Tadū aina žuvduč fish. II. 1998-1999 Words used in a narrower territory. These are essentially dialectisms of expression or form. Of these, however, only those are mentioned here, which are used in dialect with a different meaning than lk. This is why they can be called mixed semantic dialectisms. In turn, they can be divided into vocabulary, morphological, constructive, phonetic, morphological and accentuative. 1. Vocabulary semantic dialectisms. All the words given here are given and the LMR. Those that did not enter it, as having no basis for comparison, regardless of their meaning, should be moved to the section of purely lexical dialectisms, next to words that do not have a separate dialectal meaning, including: tiesė, tiesys "right, right", sriégas, "Zvynas", stovai "staklės" and others. There are few mixed semantic dialectisms. aas „Svirties kartis, virpstis su kabliu“: The mouth is attached to the lever. birulčlis, biruliūkas „nuobira“: Sweet, delicious arielkéle, kots from birulélo. The branches are hung up, it's like a little bird: the little one remained. budė „kempinė“: Budė, ku skile ūgni:. They cut those buds, pridmovina and aZiba fire-. dideliai „strongly, loudly“: Neldis(k) didelei (radio), pamazin(k). grebėti „to grab, to touch“: Aina prig sienom vis tep greboėdama. at-si-ykti „to remember, to recall“: Niekap negalū aciké, kur aš ją ragéu. I don't know how to thank you for that thing. kirbéti, pa-, su-kirbéti,,- pa-, su-judėti“: Kap dau galvén, it didn’t even pa-kirbéti. "Kap cik sukirbés együtt: ite virág, ne tegyél semmit. laitas,,krosnies pades“: Laitas iZdegé. Reika laitas naiijas sudédzic. lobutis,,momuo, momenélis*- “: Child's lobutis from neuZdugis. lūstas,,food taken when walking for a long time from home“: The maid put a chip on this girl and took madzan. Bob, Bob, give me a lust, I'm gonna start eating and I'm gonna eat a lot. 25 Ore ‘dumblas’: Yei džorna (velėna) pratrūksta, tai žmogus sūlanda lik pilvo ru'dė- (I). gears'machine cross': Stdvu' gears. Un sūvaros aciséda ir dudza. 2. Other mixed form dialectisms. There are several different ar types of bridges, which vary in length. words differ not only in different appearance (form), i.e. construction, different phonetic composition of the root or pronunciation, but also in meaning or its extent. Because of the small number, they are no longer subdivided. pra-si-baidyti „,to get drunk, to get drunk“: Sleepy, da neprazbaidis. nu-būti "to get rid of": Raika tū vilku kap nor nubucie. 1999: "Beginning, End, and Endlessness" (feat. ap-si-eiti,,apsiruosti, susitvarkyti“: Behold, while you are dressed, you are fur-covered and a wolf. gėriba „derlius, javai“: Gėriba with a brightly-colored duck. It is dry, with no rainfall. They help kri"želū (straw sowing grains), that diévas saugot, nenumūšt géri-béles laya. pėr-, pri-k alti,,per-, pri-rišti“: Yaū I pērkalu kovi:. Perch-tailed camel:. I squeezed and lay down. an-kliūti „to get stuck, to get into“: Wolf Ašmenė(je) (in) (river) unklivi. su-1éisti, -leisdinti "sharpen": Galiistuvas delgei sulaišč. I bought a sandpaper and it's gone. pra-mėsti „to taste, to crush, to rub“: Your kifvi: unmėsk, it will be lost. pa-nėrti „to drown“: Nuv@ mdudzi'cis and panėrė. He could not swim and sank. nu-niaukti “to let go”: sédzi head-slipping. plūksna,,svogino laiškas“: Aik atnešk plūksnu: žalū, cibūlu“ plūksnu". ragudlé „such a small fish“: Raguėole, téka mažitė nereikalinga žuvelė. santis „net for catching fish, samtis“: Suncis viendm žuvduč (kitchen forage). saulėlaidis "sunflower, sunflower grass": Sédzi un gonkėlu' ir lūščija sauldlaidzi- ". Let's plant a sunset for the child". skifpstis „gegnė“: Skirpsčūs and ilgino dėdam. "Leto (grebėstai) eina per Zédnu skirpsci". spurga „pumpuras, viršūnė“: Anas and pacds spurgos sédzi. za-stoti „to occupy, to block“: Gérklor usto, sopa gėrklot. at-si-stoti „to detach, to leave“: You detach from me. Lever, "lever card": The beak is attached to the lever. tašlė „,draugė, saldė“: Tašlė with bubbles. to expect, to expect, to expect 1. „to happen“: Ragi kap cikosi. 2.,,susimisti, pataikyti": Ušciko labai skaūdzei, skaūdzei sūsmušė. I'm so tired that I can't get up anymore. an-si-trinti „,to get smeared, to feel“: [(š)skalduna i vė unsitrina (rūbai). vadžiėti „,rentauti, su nota sakyti, dainuoti“: Vadžoč or pasakič itu giesmėlot. iz-vėlti „to blow up, to expand (the eye)“: Where are the eyes when they are open? The wolf sat down and stood up, his eyes opened, his dagger laughed. "Púga": Ažpūstė vėpucinė all keliai. Oh, the coke was so sweet. žeibėti „,mirgėti“: Skaudė(jo) tep migo gdlvu“, tep žeibė akisa. III. Speaking about dialectis- — ms of meaning, one cannot fail to mention semantic borrowings or limericks. The close contacts with Slavic languages and the ancient dialectal isolation are undoubtedly su reflected in the ir Gervėčiai dialect system, especially in the lexicon. Therefore, it is possible to find a number of words in the dialect, neither in 26 meaning nor in pronunciation, which are not characteristic of other Lithuanian dialects. Many of them are analogous in meaning, and often in construction, to the corresponding words of the Slavic, especially Belarusian, languages. However, it is not easy to determine where the limestone and where the independently arisen words are due to the kinship of the Baltic and Slavic linguistic systems and the similarity of their constructive bases and inclinations. For example, in Lithuanian (Baltic) and Belarusian (Slavic) languages there are a number of old common concepts, the content of which consists of the same semantic features, e.g. gaidys (Latin: gailis): brus. "NeBeHb, NATYX, IISIBŲYH", cf. singing (singing): rus. meth, brus. neup; ranikena, rankle, ranktiris: rus. pykosiTKa, pyKOSITb, pyuka; ‘Horn part’: brus. Russian. HaGoiika, etc. The criteria for their selection should also be the frequency and geography of use, the specificity of the functional patterns in certain meanings for one or another language. As a result, for many of the words of the above-mentioned group of mixed semantic dialectisms we would find more connections with the corresponding words of the Slavic (Belarusian) languages, e.g.: nubiiti, aždėti, gėryba, etc. Thus, clearer boundaries between dialectal semantic dialectisms and limescale are difficult to draw without deeper and broader studies. Below we present a series of clearer meaning and form parallels between the Slavs in Gervėčiai dialect ir (especially Belarusian) words: bala „dirt“ (6anora, etc.): Balū cold placed (at the painful part of the body). pri-būti,-būdyti,,pa-didéti, pri-sidéti, pa-pilnėti“ (:npbIGbinbL,,padaugéti®): Over the weekend Zufiksnidiena pribūvo. As far as he (the host) is concerned, the ariōodas has acquired it. iz(si)-, prisi-, susi-duoti, -duoti,,pasivaidenti, at-, pasi-rodyti“ (cf. BbULALIb, BbljlaBalllla, caasanua „to show, to show off“): She betrayed, isidiodé, that chickens. There was a squeeze, a squeeze, a squeeze. And began prizduodzič. And there the grave was buried. Is ar akisa suzuda, tep. Sanai itesa baldsa suzdiode. ai-si-eiti "to recover, to relax" (plg. Russian. Okay, Tuce, go ahead. agbiciies ‘t. p.’ ): You'll be ir fine. pėr-imti,- -imdyti 1. „attacked, caught“: (cf. rus. nepeHsITb, brus. riepaH;lb „etc.“): :The bandits are watching us —“Where are you going?” 2. „agree“: Gegutė supported them. There is one. (bitch) get out of my mind. : . to fall, to fall down ‘fit; za-, nu-lipti, -kopti’ (Russian). Je3Tb, rush. Jesup ‘t. Di“): The eighth-year-old was sad. Anna cries and whines. I'm gonna lick that Ivonel. no pri-si-mėsti „pretend” (cf. npeikiganua,.t. p.“): He got kvarū (sick). an-, primūšti, -mušdyti „,in-,prikalti“ (cf. HaGiup, npuiGiub „etc.“). Ti: uūimušta kuolai. At the same time, the velaneliu pushes tw rat@li-. The first is the aqueduct. piltis, apsi-, pilti „mu-slinkti“ (cf. cbinamua „etc.“): If the overhang is forced, it pours, the stones are pouring. rifiktis, an-, apsi-, ažsi-, nusi-, parsi-, užsi-rinkti „,prepare(-s), prepare(-- s), ap(-si)-, nu-si-rengti, pasipuošti, pasiimti, persikelti“ (cf. brus. nepaGpauna, npbiOpanina, cabpauua „etc.“). Well, then pick up and go for t@tw. Unrenka. Racicin helps. She's got you, she's blown you. Cigonkom apsirinki: vaikštoja. So I picked her up for a sail. We were disappointed. Kazakstani būvi" and then chose cha. * Attack of the witch-hunters Gesiapyckalt Mossi, Minck 1963, and Capta Ne 294, 27