K. Drąsutavičiaus (Drąsučio) terminų žodynėliai bei sąrašai

But the contact did not break. Apparently, the name of the salmon iš The idea spread į to the Baltic States. languages that had not yet forgotten their ancient relationships and still communicated with each other. B. Laumane's monograph — is a significant achievement of Baltic linguistics. It is ar hardly possible to consider the inadequate assessment of the influence of the Baltic languages on neighbouring languages as a slightly greater shortcoming. After all, there are still relatively few works that better explain the influence of the Baltic languages on neighbouring languages. V. Rimša K. DRĄSUTAVIČIUS (DRĄSUČIO) TERM DICTIONAries and Lists K. Drąsutavičius, a prominent but so far little known cultural, literary and press worker of the second half of the 19th century, was also widely active in the field of lexicography and terminology. In his rich manuscript legacy! found 13 terms Zodynéliy and lists. In preparing the programmes and questions for the textbooks of natural sciences (botany, zoology, parasitology, etc.), geography, history, literature and other textbooks (multi-part “chrestomaty”), collecting material for them, writing separate chapters and translating various texts from Polish, Russian and German languages and making their summaries, K. Drąsutavičius had to deal with the lack of Lithuanian terminology, searching for it in various sources, compiling dictionaries and lists of terms in various fields. 1. Drąsutavičius's research, collection and recordings were mainly in the natural sciences, in particular: botany, terminology. As can be seen from the compiled programs (F, —2453, 2468, 2489, 2547) and as stated in her memoirs by the home teacher J. Juškytė, K. Drąsutavičius thought about the compilation of several parts of a "chrestomaty" (more precisely, textbooks), one of which was to present to older children elementary natural sciences. Zinias®. It is clear from the prospectus, “Programs of the Second Part” (F, —2489), that this introductory lesson in nature was supposed to deal with domestic animals, rodents, fish, beetles, trees, etc. J. Juskyté® was supposed to prepare the elementary ir course, but he contributed himself K. Drąsutavičius, because he jo wrote articles,,,Kirminai (F, — 2493), ‘Seed be plants’ (F,— 2492), ,,Growth in the Jurassic“ (F, — 2941), ‘,Vabalai’ (F; — 2490), ‘Fish’ (F, — 2488) ir kt Here is a small excerpt iš of the article ‘Seed be crops: "All the plants we know have flowers; the flowers become fruits, and in the fruit always appears ! It is stored Lietuvos TSR Academies of Sciences The Institute ir of Lithuanian Language and Literature (F, —2324—2560, a total of 230 folders of more than 6400 manuscript pages of various formats). 2 Our antiquity, II i.e., N4(9), a seed 1939, p. 11-614. 3 Ibid., p. 611. 265 that has a shell (crust) on the top and a thread inside. When the sécla falls on the corresponding place, the shell explodes and the roots of ir iš one part grow, the iš stems and leaves of iš the other. There are some plants that never bloom, and their seed is a small crumb of diego. be The seeds are called a knyty, the plants grow o knyty knytiniai. iš There are — few bunched plants, but it is difficult to recognize them, because the greater part is visible only through magnifying jų glasses.” In one small manuscript "Botanika" (F, — 2425) a few remarks are made about the beginning of botany in Lithuania:- ,,In Lithuanian ir schools the academy ne completely [botanics]. Tik Antanas Tizengauzen, founding the beginning doctors researcher Gardynė pakvietė 1776 iš French (Lyono) Doctor of Medicine Iona Emmanuel Gillebert. He studied medicine, surgery and natural ir sciences in Gardyne. 1781 was raised į Vilnius Academy as the first teacher of natural science botany. ir Gilbert stayed until 1783 He left ir Vilnius (1 1814 France). He has published several books..." * Other location (F, — 2425) provided as many biographical ir bibliographical data on the tags Lithuanian botanist Jundzilas. Nature's beginninglesson preparation value K. Drąsutavičius became interested in the terminology of that field, especially botany, which he had collected and jį arranged before J. Fedoravičius, A. Pabrėža, L. Ivinskis ir others Lithuanian flora researchers, but whose manuscript works were almost unavailable. K. Drąsutavičius’ manuscript legacy includes five multilingual botany dictionaries, which show that the author transcribed Latin, Polish, Russian, iš German and French plant names from various sources and looked for Lithuanian equivalents. ir ir 1) 1902 m. hectographed glossary of botany (F, — 2416, 42 p.) This, perhaps, the ne primary, but last K. Drąsutavičius' botany dictionary, the nų result of a long jo search. ir It includes 74 common terms (e.g., pod, seed, onion threads, dragonflie- (?), s, thorns, gislelé, grain, vessels, conifers, etc.) ir su Russian, Polish, German ir equivalents? ir 748 the Latin equivalents of su plant names. For example: : Abeyjutis, ilex aguifolium, abredelis?, agar, rapa natans, gooseberry buds, poppy, = papaver somniferum, aguonélé, papaver rhoeas, cucumber, borago officinalis, etc. ir This glossary of botany begins with,,Speech”, which presents some knowledge of the history of botany iš terminology and the principles of ir plant name selection. Ji has significance for the history of terminology, therefore, here is presented in full: ; “Everybody iš recognizes the importance of botany for agriculture, horticulture, gardening and medicine. ir But so far there is no Lithuanian textbook nė of botany, describing plants found in nė real Lithuania. * K. The spelling of Drąsutavičius’ texts and examples is unchanged, only ir in place of the signs ¢, § ir Z are now written regular characters €.width. * For twenty, the Lithuanian equivalents ir jų have been replaced by a question po mark, for which the equivalents in other languages are given, e.g. : ?-xseTuaTKa, the code is fading; ?-apesecuna, biel, tvardzil, holzfasser etc. ir 266 The science of botany became familiar In Lithuania during his stay in our homeland following (1776—1783); the Frenchman Zilibert Tundilai described Lithuanian vegetation in Polish, although describing it they went far beyond the real borders iš Lithuania. Finally a žemaitis Emphasis (f 1849), practicing botany as a doctor, o ne as a scientist, wrote several botanical works, which iš were printed by Botany (1900); but Emphasis works are outdated, terms of Žemaitija; be to need to take that Emphasis was a person unable to write in Lithuanian (see jo titles of works: Valanč. Wife. Vysk. 1854, II dal., psl. ; 71—73 Žinyčia N2, pp. 2. ). 70—71 In order to write a textbook of botany, it is necessary to establish general ir special terms. There are already a lot of round terms, but not ne too many. What concerns special terms, they can be established only after writing the names of iš plants of all The corners of Lithuania. ; IAU is a long-estane blished larger list: du 1) Yakoby: ,,Lithuanian plant names“ (Mitt. Bed. lit. gesell. Heft II 133—143 psl.) ir 2) Davaina-Silvestraičio: (224 names with written Bassanavyčius terms),“- IS musų botanikos” (Apšvieta 1893 NN 632—632). Če aš I give a small list of circular terms ir 3-th list of special plants, where mentioned lists did not go. The most dictionaries used for the Medega dataset iš are: Širvidžio, Kuršaičio, Miežinio, Iuškos ir Bezzenberger- 's work. By giving this list I ask readers to fill in the aš known names of jį plants with the indication of the use of su the parish parish, to ar add known jų circular terms, to express their opinion on the goodness of ir the rules, which in my opinion must be observed by the tų author of special terms: 1) After collecting the iš names of plants of all Lithuanian corners, botanists must choose the names they use most often; if the same plant has several names, the 2) names should be taken solid instead of compound, such as: instead of gožkaliežuvis —tinkis; names should be discarded foreign or composed according to foreign languages, or rebuilt in a newer gadyn, as for example: 3) iš instead of devynmacė, devynsharvas better use vanuškai; in place of Švento "Ion Grass, Ionian — Grass Domes". This conversation was signed by Bugienis. Thai K. Drąsutavičius' pseudonym, under which he published fictional translations and articles in the press. 2) Latin-Lithuanian-Polish Dictionary of Botany (F, — 2424, 32 p.) Thai A-T plant names, e.g. : 562 Anthocyanin Gordunitis Tamka, Alopecurus Kochets Wyczyniec, Aira Smilgejte Smiatek, Andropogon Niksztaroti Palezatka, Asteracophalus Žvajzdunie Gwiazdnik, Asperula Zioudma Marzanka, etc. 3) Latin-Lithuanian dictionary of botany (F, —2423, large format 23 p.) The dictionary contains 1120 heading words. There are no Lithuanian equivalents in many places. For example: : Abies excelsa — Spruce, Abies pectinata (alba), Field Maple — Maple, Acer platanoides —Meadowsweet, Acer pseudoplatanus (laurel?), Achillea millefolium — Gajutės (Screaming.) ir kt There are additions written in red ink. 267 4) Latin-Russian-Polish-German-- French-Lithuanian botany dictionary (F, —2422, 82 p.) In the dictionary 759 A-V heading words. Lithuanian equivalents only added in some places. For example: : Agrostemma githago; KykoJib; Agrostemma, callus; rows of barley; Lychnid nielle; yeast; a cockroach. Betula alba. Bepesa. Fast. Birke. The white birch. Birch. Coriandrum savitum. Kumnen. Cilantro coriander. Coriander. La coriander. Blakutes. Calendar. 5) Polish Latin Dictionary of Botany (F, — 2410, 50 p.), which lists the names of 983 plants, sometimes Latin be equivalents, often one Polish name of a plant with an equal sign indicating another, e.g. : į Absinthe = piotum, Gooseberry = grossularia, Ajer tatarak, = Aksamitek = Tagetes patula, Aloes, Amaryllis, Anona, Anise — Pimpinella, Archydiegel = Archangel ir t.t. Only one srczec dipsacus was found in English — = (Greyhound). Po in the same manuscript further according to the new page numbering follow the Latin names of bacteria, infusoria, parasites, worms, insects, beetles, molluscs, fish, (1—62) lizards, birds, some animals and beasts other animals systematiniy-theminiy groups, in Polish, in some places ir su o ir su Lithuanian, Russian ir German equivalents. For example: : Muscae (Muchy), Muse (18), Tinea pellionella, Mol, Kandė (19), Cygnus, Labedz, JleGeap, Swan, Gulbe (51), Colymleus, Nur, Heipok, Diving goose, Diving duck, Naras (51) ir t.t. This, it can be assumed, is material for a small zoology and parasitology To the Zodynélio, which he must have intended to compose K. Courageous. An alphabetical register of Polish (63—84) equivalents with page references is su attached at the end of this material. The last four mentioned (2— 5) jmultilingual botany manuscript dictionaries of dates, but be probably made up of End of a. XIX, before 1902 m. hectographed dictionary of botany, for which they served as a basis as preparatory works. Most plant names in all The same, Lithuanian equivalents are given everywhere. ne The latter, as indicated by the author, taken iš K. Širvydas, F. Kuršaitis, A. Juška, A. Miežinis dictionaries and A. Becker, Jacoby K. and other ir printed works. Sometimes, the sources are indicated by abbreviations, namely: Shir. (= "Kurs". (=Kuršaitis), Jušk. (DD) (= (Japanese) 人間. (M.) (= "Bez'". (= Bechtel (ed.). ir K. Drąsutavičius was known ir A. Emphasis ,,Taislius augmynis“, which In America it was released in a changed title ir language — ,,Botany or Taislius auguminis’ (1900). When used ,,Taisliumi”, the aforementioned (F;—2424) Latin- -English-Lithuanian botany dictionary, containing some plant names (e.g. mouth ir etc.) found only A. The emphasis in the work is ir given in Žemaitijos forms, which the American publication does not have. It's as if they used A. Highlights in handwriting ar jo I'm gonna go. Be of the sources K. mentioned, Drąsutavičius will have used, probably, Višinskis's list P. of words, the transcription of which is In Drąsutavičius' manuscripts (F,—2558, 6 p.). It ne alphabetiSkai listed 258 plant ir animals (there are very few) names with Latin 268 su equivalents in some places ir with notes about the su medicinal properties of the plant, e.g. : ir Dievmedis — Artemisia abrotanum, Cucumber — Cucumis sativus, Blueberries, Cucumbers — Fragaria elatior, Fruit tree — Ribes rubrum et album, Water mint — mentha aguatica (brews tea from headache- ), Shalapuri — (Blues blossom, spring on the sand; Liuob spring go to collect eggs to paint) etc. ir K. At the end of Drąsutavičius' copy is the following P. From Mr (?) Višinský: “Here are written the initial names iš of herbs I collected, then goes rewriting the o collection of forester born in iš Joniškėlis (surnames not beatmen). I wrote in a jo hurry, so there is no order, sometimes I get lost; I still have more, but I ir just got the old place, I forgot there. ne iš It would be best to list all the names in alphabetical order, then it would be ir possible to print them and send jį them to the experts for supplementation; in this way it is possible to collect a lot of flats faster; the economy of chance would be. ir o ir Is collected about 300 herb names Silvestraičio [,] dr. ",,Basanavičės išleido Apšvietyje". The assumption that that list could have been obtained iš P. Vishinsky, can be done because of the fact that J. Yuškytė was mailing su P. "Vyshinsky ir received iš jo various materials". Iš jo could have ir entered the list of plants, which was written off by K. Courageous. The latter drew attention į P. Višinskij's (?) wish that the names of the plants would be written tų alphabetically so that ir they would be printed and sent to the connoisseurs. This was done by preparing and hectographing the 1902 dictionary. 2. Glossary of medical terms (F, — 2392, 17 p.) It includes more than hundreds of names du of diseases of body parts. ir Po Polish Latin equivalents are given for Lithuanian ar heading words, e.g. : Blindfolding —keratitis of the eye; Eye wrapping — cataract, zaciemek; Eye disease — Conjunctivitis; Eye irritation — Conjunctivitis 3; Stone disease — Urolithiasis t.t. ir In the Zodynel you can find popular terms, the transliterated forms of which in Latin and Polish are now ar presented in parentheses, e.g.: drugus [drugs — Cold, fever], artralgia, lump [goiter — goiter], parenchyma [pakūnės — pikutės], trauka [kontuzija], skalkutes [eczema], priepola, priepuolis, prietvarius, prietvaris [lien, volvulus], putmena [acdema], raZulis [raZulys] = Saline therapy, nocturnal asthma, sleep apnea [sliding — catarrh], smoke [smoke] — Alyargia? ], Smurglys [ozaena], springulis [springulys — laryngitis], Slapūsys [febra larvata], šašnagis [onychia onyxis], Vistakis, viStupis [hemeralopia], Ziogulis [Ziogulys —singultus]- ), Zvarbos [febra] and others. Some disease names are not found iš anywhere elseWrite: gibas [gybas — garb], LiSunis [LieZ ?], equilibrium [lumbago]. Rare word in the birthplace [uterus]. 3. Military terms Zodynéliai Military vocabulary is given considerable attention, because K. He was interested in various historical issues, wars and weapons. ir About Lithuanian weapons is 8 Our antiquitt. y, II, N4(9), 1939, p. 611—614. 269 his,,Notatki o broni u Litwinėdw“ (F, —2543, 26 p.), where knowledge about the arming of ancient Lithuanians is presented from various sources and Lithuanian names of weapons are given in brackets and in the text itself in many places. For example: :,,To the small arms belong above all arrows thrown at the enemy. The original arrows were called sig jétis (13), later the word jétis began to mean cave, and the arrows themselves were called Saudykle (arrow) (14)* [p. 7].,,The archers were called Kkilpininkai* [p. 9].,,There were other big thick fingers at the end, which could be tied as a maczuga- -and bulawa, they were called būze [buožė] (31), or kulė [kale] (32) [12 p.]. 1) The Polish-Lithuanian dictionary of Sarvuotes It is in the manuscript,,Apie arvus“ (F, —2544), which initially (p. 1—12) writes in Lithuanian about the armor and weapons of ancient Lithuanians (XI—XV c.). Then comes the dictionary of letters A—M (14 pages): 72 terms with Polish explanations and Lithuanian equivalents, written in blue pencil and taken from the dictionaries of K. Širvydas, F. Kuršaitis, A. Miežinis, etc. For example: : Arsenal, šarvinyčia (Šyrv.), Artylerja, in Poland from the 17th century, artillery. Bayonet, from France in 1/2 of the 17th century, durtuvė (Miež.), Bardysz, two-handed weapon, a kind of axe or halebard, used by Mockwe, dalgykirtis (Šyrv., Kurš.). Most of the terms in this glossary are the same as in the glossary below. 2) Polish-Lithuanian dictionary of military terms (F, —2405, very small format, 50 pp.), containing about 120 Polish headings with Polish explanations and in some places with Lithuanian, Latin, German and Russian equivalents, e.g. : Arsenal, a place for storing weapons or military weapons (from Arabic dar essana), chekhauz, armoury; apceHaJi = zeughaus, šarvavietė (Syrv.), šarvinyčia (Kurš.), Rząd, ordo, series, eila (Šyr.), eilė, Reihe (Kurš.). 4. A list of maritime terms (Jureivyste, F, —2409, p. 2) List of 30 terms with Polish equivalents, e.g. anka, pętla, w której stoi reja, arta, reja, bukszprit, artolis, pal do przytrzymania w rei, aulaukis SV, auštrinis NO, brangd, kelmedis, kolano tėdki, kurpelis, czerpaczka do polewania zagli, eldže „,eldija“, eže, mielizna, kodryne, flaga, pamenes [pamenės], trzecia mieszcz lodzi, parage, kajuta w koncu lodzi, pirmragos, Vordersteven, ribantai, oczka zagli, tulis, Stecksel, etc. 5. Sarasély of fishing terms (,,Zvejyste”, F, —2439, 3p.) In Sarasély 28 terms, e.g.: aptvara, powroz kolo sieci; bradine, bradinys, — a net used by two fishermen [...]; bučius, varZas, bukis, sie¢, bucz?, gantine Stocknetz (u Bezzenb.), mitas [mita?)], leidinge skrzydlo sieci, salpa —Fischerwinkel et al. 6. Sarasélis (,,Dishes“, F, —2412, 6 p.) 40 dish names found not alphabetically, with Polish equivalents, e.g.: legis —z owocow, kartofli, bebre —z piwa, sqkaponiai, kapotine —siekauka, gruZliai —male kluski, karaisis, oladek, apora —otadek z kwasnej, owsianej maki, sike, otadek, semensikę, blin oleju etc. 270 na ir The material for the list iš is collected by dictionariiš es, but it is not known where the word sąkabiniai was taken ,,kapotiné*, which until now unknown iš from other sources sounds like a ir novelty. Interesting Lithuanian dish names have not been found, there is little material for culinary terminology. 7. Relative terms sheet (F, —2439) It is a collection of words denoting kinship (more like a scheme 30) containing old terms, e.g. ir : avinas, brotuszis, deveris, intė, mosza, laigonas ir etc. The volume of the dictionaries and lists of the aforementioned terms is small, they provide a small K. In the time of Drąsutavičius, part. It, for example, does not at all reflect the legal terms, although the K. Drąsutavičius was a lawyer, in some ir manuscripts jo (F, — 2374, 2375, 2377, 2400, 2534) can be found legal terms (e.g.: litigator, litigation fees, case, truthfulness, truthful, truthfulness, ir courtroom, etc.). Gausiame K. Drąsutavičius’ manuscript legacy is full of terms from ir other fields used in contemporary literature in the press. ir Especially a lot of terminology can be found K. Drąsutavičius Lithuanian-Pir olish Polish-Lithuanian dictionaries (F, — 2393, 2394, 2395, 2396, 2414, 2415). Therefore, the task of terminologists is to — su K. Drąsutavičius terminology, to investigate the process of collection and creation of terms of that jų period and K. History of terminology. | J. Kruopas |