Lietuviška leksika 1724 m. Europos kelionių vadove

Ladd SB “Tei UneV. (FU Too Br A Ri MA GEN Qk 0 Gp bi ded L'I'B. T YU 'VnO:.8S T SR MOK SLU AKADEMIJA Z. In 1724 in Leipzig appeared a guide for travels around Europe, Leit-Stern der Reifendenl, It consisted of three parts with separate paginations: in the first part (152 p.) a collection of prayers and sacred hymns needed at the time of travel was presented, in the second part (48 p.) medical advice and prescriptions for medicines were written, in the third, the largest part (215 p.), European countries were described and everything related to traveling through them was explained. A preface by L. J. Feller is attached at the beginning of the publication. The date of its writing is 1681.11.29. The book must have been prepared almost half a century before it was published. This means that it contains data from the second half or even the middle of the 17th century. The book itself is published in a convenient pocket format, printed in fine print and adapted in all respects to use on the road. We are most interested in the third part of this publication, which deals with Lithuania and the Lithuanian language, and presents a list of Lithuanian words and sentences with German translations. This section has a separate title page and a separate heading, as if it were an independent book?. It was designed by Gottfried Kirch. As can be seen from its title in the title itself (der Stern-Kun/- |t Ergebenen) and in L. J. Felleri's preface (in der Aftronomie 1 Any Years) it is customary for the book to have a long title. Pilna ji tokia: Indispensable threefold guide-star of the ranked /So deeply rightly guides I. 3ur true god-fear through D. Joh, Habermann's Morning and Evening Blessings, and Other Prayers and Songs /II. 3u regain fther youth by a short lesson of preservation of the same and use of healing remedies /III. 3u true BrkinntniB of the paths by Gottfried Kirchs, European Wandersmann, the etliche Kupffer beygefligt /in which the paths and cities on a gant3 new way are gegeiget. With a foreword by L. Joachim Fellers, Poé[. P. P. at the University of Leipzig. With Churfurftl. Sdch|. A privilege. Leipzig, 3u find bey Gottfried He||ens Witbe. It is 1724. —One copy of this book was in Riga with Prof. M. Rudzyte, who kindly allowed the author of this article to use it. For this, let us express our heartfelt thanks to her. Later she donated this copy to the Vilnius University Library (preserved in the rare publications department). * And here the title is long: Europai|- cher Wandersmann, Welcher, als ein getreuer Reije-Geferte, aufs allerkūrt3e|te die Lander und Kėnigreiche in Europa eržehlet; Also as a tolmet cher gives good news of those usual languages of the Linder, without which a mature dafelbft [chwerlich can get by.Here you will also find calculating tables, which partly serve to change local and foreign currencies, partly to buy and sell, but others to calculate 3eit and place. Everything to the ranked gum be [ten alo arranged and given out by Gottfried Kirchen, the devotee of the star-Kun- |t. Leipzig, 3u find bey Gottfr. Hej fens Wittwe, Anno 1724, 15. 225 wohlgegründete Mann), most likely it was the well-known German astronomer Gottfried Kirch (1639—1710- ). J. J. Faller considers the authors to be notable calendar compilers. And indeed, the astronomer G. Kirch was engaged in the preparation of calendars until 1700, when he was invited to the newly established Academy of Sciences in Berlin.”* The latter circumstance makes our assumption almost unquestionable. The present part of the publication first briefly discusses the globe, then Europe, and then the individual European countries of that time, from west to east (pp. 6-79). Apart from Germany, Spain, France, Bohemia (i.e. Czech Republic), Hungary, Turkey, Italy, England, Sweden, Poland and Lithuania are discussed more extensively. Add lists of the most necessary words and phrases for travellers in these countries. Other European countries (Portugal, Denmark, Norway and the Principality of Moscow) are discussed more narrowly and their language examples are not given. Then follow extensive chapters (pp. 79—215) containing certain schematics to help the traveller orient himself in geography, and various tables to help him calculate (e.g. money), to get to grips with the foreign system of money and measures-times, etc. A lot of space is given to calendar matters, such as the given tables of holidays, time setting, moon phases, etc., and quite extensive descriptions of their use. Below is the full text about Lithuania and Lithuanian language (p. 73—78). Lithuania. The Lithuanian language is not related to the Polish language. It is the land of the Jews among all | fo the Cron Poles | the gro [fefte | has the title of a Grand Duke | and even fo many offices and services | as Poles [elb ft. Vilna or the Wilde it the capital city therein | here one finds for mancherley faith practice | or religions | than anywhere else in the world | and one has every week 3 Sabbaths or rest days: the Turks theirs on Friday | the Jews on Saturday | and the Christians on Sunday. The Provint3 Lithuania has 10. Woyewoden | I. to Vilna, 2. 3u Grodno | 3. gu Minsko | 4. gu Movigrodek, 5. ju Bre tia, 6. in Volhinia, 7. 3u Polochko, 8. gu Vitebsk, 9. 3u Minsko, and 10. gu Mizeslau. Diefe Woywodchafften Jind as well as Hertgogthimer. The Lithaui/che language he [treckt [ich in Preuffen |ift fonderlich gur Momel and Tilfith | among the common people in use. Lithaui fch. Teut fch. Deews | GOtt. Kru/chtina | Grain. Dona | Ship. Backpack | Efig. Allaus | Village beer. Pufpiwe | Half beer | or bar beer. Piewe | City beer. Skincks | Kofent. Me/fYes | Fleifch. Ognes | fire. Malka | Holt. Schaudey | Straw. Drupka | Saltz. Schenes | Hay. Swiefta | Butter. Awifcha | News. Brush | Coffee. Me [che | Ger [te. Schauk fta | Loffel. Rugai | Korn. Tolerus | Teller. Lapene | Kraut | Kohl. Bindus* | Schiiffel. Kdpure | Hut. Schowis | Fifche. Mutge | Miitze. Schirna | Erb fen. Miles | Cloth | 3eug. Ropes | Rubbing. Biographical- -Literary Handbook of the History of the Exact Sciences... collected by J. C. Poggendorff, I, Leipzig, 1863, p. 1257. 4 Maybe instead of Indus, t. y. Indas? 226 Aude klos | Canvas. Jauthis | Ohh. Karwe | Cow. Arklis | Horse. Awis | Sheep. Eritis | Lamb. Oda | Fell. Shoes | Shoe. Buxwos | Ho fen. Streplis | Stripes. Pir [chtines | Hand-glove. Schmogus | Man. Moterifchka | Woman. Jumprowa | Virgin. GeJellis | Fallen. Kudikis | Child. Weirs® | Boy. Margeike® | Mdagdlein. Kings | Lord. Pohns | Sir. Schupohna | Woman. *kk k k shit* % Gerey | good. Picktey | bo faith. Trumpop | kurt3. Ilgis or | Each | long. Platos | wide. Sauros | fehmal. Die Numbers. Be one of | them. Du | 3wey. Triefl | drey. Four | four. Penki | was nffe. She's a good girl. | Septine | [ieben. Afchtone | eight. Nine | witches. De fchims | 3th. Winolke | eilffe. Two | golfs. Trielika | dreygehn. Katurolika | fourteen. Penkulke' fünffzehn. | Chefholika | fechs3ehn. Septinolke | [seventeen. A [chtonolika | eighteen. Dewinolka neungehn. 5 t. y. Wiers. 4 Maybe | instead of Margeite, i. e. girl? " -ulke instead of -olke. 8 y.o. Dwidefchims. ? Instead of Sweik Dwikefchims* | 3 years. Dwide [chims erwena | 21. Trief defchims | 30. Shit a | hundred. Tuxtontis | tau fend. Afeh | ich. To | or Tu | you. Jup | ihr. No, no, no, | no. Tawa | dein. How expensive? How dear deep? Cape Ward? how does deep heap? Ant Litufchki | on Lithaui fch. Wokifchka | German fch. Lovely Wokifchka? Can you speak German? Yes | yes. Moku | I can. Armocki Letufchka? Can you speak Lithuanian? Afch ni moka I | can't. Laps rieds | good - Tomorrow. Goodbye to all of | us Tag. Laps wackar | boys Evening. Decku | groffen Danck. Sweids® parejes | welcome. Po Where? um How much? Dunes | das The ship. Arnor Donas? wants du The ship. Dog Donas gib | mi The ship. Artaug nori how | much do you want? 227 Ufch Grafchi | before a Count. Ufch triB Grofchi | 3 years ago Countess. Dog ma | Give it to me. Stopa Piewa | a fabric beer. Pup Stopa | a half fabric. Eick [cha | go here. Eich fchalm" | go away. Tilleck | Jehweig ftill. Lieckeick®* Burna | shut your mouth. What do you want? What do you want? Mata millo | an elle cloth. Keip | wie | Dang** | viel | Mile | Meilen | tra"? I'll be there for you. Keip dang'* Mile ira ik | Mumela? how many miles ift biB MOmel. Keip ptoli ** ira Thilfcha | wie weit ift biB Thil fe. Afch noru walgit i | will effen. Afch noru gerti I | want to drink. Afch noru megoti I | will [sleep. Where do you want to go? wo Would you du like to go? Ifch where's Pareif? Where did you come from? Ifch when efchi*®? Of whom do you speak? Ka Efi? What are you doing? Does it work? What are you biting at one? Mel fchu I beg you. | Rodick ma | 3eige mir | Tickra Kūle den | rechten Weg ant | Karlatfche | gen Kinigsberg. Eick gehe | [chie diefen | Kile Go away. Pafkui rafi | hernach wir ft du find | du Kale wey | Ways. Tatay eicke good Dafchna | fo gehe jur Rights; Na ant keyra | not 3ur link. Ar nd ir [chifchi WokitiB? ift not in wo Teut [cher here; Tagul [fchach pareit laf | him here. Afch noru I will | | Bo jim with | him | Talk to | Kalbeti. Where ir Kart3[chema? wo ift das Wirthshaus | or the Krug. Afch melfcho I | ask you palleikik keep me | per ma | | [chi Nakti | diefe Night zeal. Arng galbu*® afch I | can't fchie | Nakti | diefe Night | paPjuf | bey euch per | Nakt woti | stay overnight? Afch ng per ma nau tawe | I don't trust you. Afch I na know a lot Letowifchke | I can't do much Littauifch. On where to go fchif Kalis? where does the deep path go? Ant Karlat3fch | to Konigsberg. NB. In Lithauifcher language no one gets geihrt3et- "" fondern jederman gedutzet® | er fey who He wants. Dews dus dantes | God has given the Zdhne: Dews dus Donas | God will also give bread. Lithaui [that Coins. Tolerus | Thaler | ift a Reichsthaler. Puff Tolerus half | Thaler. 10 t. y. Eick fchalin. . Leickieck. “ A lot (a lot). . ira ‘is’. . How far away. . Effi. y. capability. 17 niemand geihrtget "no one is called You. '* dutty "called you." 228 11, t 12 +, WR ta < t t. 14 t, t t. Roudon Akfinas | ein rother Gold guilders | That ift an | Ducat | gilt 2. Thaler. Ak female | Gulden | 3. Guild ift 1. Thaler. Grifina | Mark: 9. Mark ift 2. Thir. Grafchis | Size: Drey Polnifche Making Gro chen | 1. Kdy fer-Gro Jchen: 30. Gro [chen Polni [ch ift I. Gulden | 3. Guilds I. Thir. Tret fchokis | Diitchen | of 30. making 1. Reichstaler. Sche fchroksTM | 2. Diitchen | or, 6. Polnifche Gro [chen. Tripolikes | 3. Pélchen | ift 1. Brompton or | Half Polnifche Gro chen. Schilling | Schilling | 3. Making | shillings 1. Polnifche Countess. A Jehtonolikincies | 18. 5. folche Stiicke thun I. Reichsthir. In Comparison of Lithaui [chen Mūnt3e with the Meifinifchen can man [I the fourth WechOperate the Jel-Tafel. Who da matures | mup [I acht in take dap not | er am Gelde Damage suffered by: Because an several Places you get on Reichsthaler and Ducaten quite a lot Bonuses | also on other good Mount: As a good Achtgro [chen Embroid- | er some here Guilden here [fen and | on the Sixteenth century Embroid- | er the man here 2. The guild's gone. Malftos | Elle. Pundas | Pound. Armines® | in Stein. Ketwirtis | ein Scheffel. Berteinif} | in Quarter. Lithuanian language dialects are — called aukstaitiSka. They had to be taken iš Eastern Prussian Lithuanians. This is especially evident in their vocabulary, e.g. ; The (= Buxhoev- < edens. Biichsen) "trousers", Eris (=lamb) ‘ériukas’, Ge/ellis (Voice. "Gesetzer, Gesetze, Gesetzeszusätze" (in ja German). and) ‘yes’, Jumprowa (=yourtest<v. Virgin) ‘panelé’, Brush (plg. kéZas <vox. Kise) ‘siris; varškė', Krufchtina (plg. krustiné, krustiéné) ‘barley grains of dead barley’, (= Lapene lapiéné) ‘kopustas’, Mutze mice (= muce vok. ar < dial. mutze) "hat" (plg. Kdpure = kepūre ‘skrybélé’), Piewe (plg. pyvas < 1. beer) ‘pirktinis alus’ (plg. beers ‘naminis alus’), Puppiwe (=piispyvé, plg. vok. Halbbier) 'stalo alus', Ruckpiwe (= sourdough) ‘actas’, Skincks (= distinctive) 'weak home-brewed beer, gira', Stopa (I'm a < steppe. dial. step) ‘likvidu matas par litru’ 1'/, (plg. Footprint Piewa ‘stopa alaus’, Puf Footprint 'half stopa'), Streplis (=stripped ar I'm iš stunned. Stripes on dial. form) ‘kojinés’, Tolerus (= tolierius) 'plate', Schupohna (=aunt < sen. 1. Zupani) ‘ponia’. In Lithuanian sentences mentioned Eastern Provinces of Prussia Karaliaučius (dial. Karliducius), Tilžė (Thilfcha), Klaipėda (if applicable) Mūmela ‘iki Klaipėda"). Phonetic characteristics of words also indicate Eastern Prussian Lithuanian „striukių“ dialect, cf. limb reduction: Dews (=thieves) ‘god’, Pohns (=puns) ‘ponas’, Laps rieds (=good morning < laps ric) ‘good morning’, g. sg. Mana (=where) ‘mano’, Tawa (=tava) ‘tavo’ kt. ir Writing Ak/enas ‘gold’, Roudonas Akfinas ‘red gold’, on Karlatfche ‘i Queens' orient us į ta the part of the jackets where the solids du, di, monophthongize éi (translad, ting é). But plg. d. s.g. ma (=md) ‘man’, sg. i. m. jim (fastest distorted Eastern Prussian Lithuanian forjuom ma or made by myself "same') ‘juo’, 3. praes. go 'one', pair 19 t. y. Sche/chtoks. 20 t. y. stones., 229 “come, come", adv. fchd (var. [chie, i. e. §¢) “Sen, cia'), which were quite widely used in the Lithuanian dialects of East Prussia at that time. The short vowels w, i had to be pronounced very openly. They are often marked with the letters 0, e, e.g., Ognes ‘fire’, Schowis ‘fish’, Platos ‘wide’, fo ‘with’, mel/cho (< begging) ‘please’, Elks ‘long’, er ‘and’, Schefche ‘six’, a. pl. dantes ‘teeth’, etc. It is possible that not all words are taken from the same dialect. This is due to the presence of doublets, such as Ilgis | oder Elks | lang, or To | oder Tu | du. In the writing Labu denu | guten Tag we could see the end of the eastern highlander. P.G.S.G. Don and Dunes "bread", 2. sg. imper. Dog ‘give’ next to 3. fut. dus ‘duos’. The second example of these pairs suggests a southern Zemgalian dialect. Sui (i.e. i) is replaced by three other words: Wokitif "German- ", Winolke "eleven" and Ant Litufchki "Lithuanian". The last two words are very distorted. The latter may have a i due to German (auf) Lithauifch, plg. Letowifchke "in Lithuanian". Next to Winolke ‘eleven’ is written Wenes ‘one’ (with e = ie; for -Ike cf. Trielika ‘thirteen’). In addition to the above examples, the letters o, e (ee) are now used everywhere instead of the present-- day Lithuanian literary uo, ie. In addition, there is a monophthongation of the ending -(i)ai, e.g., n. pl. Schirna "Peas', Me/che "barley', adv. "in German", Letowifchke "in Lithuanian". The person who wrote the Lithuanian examples must have been a German. This is due to the absence of a stable, solid base. Schaudey ‘Siaudai’, Rugai ‘rugiai’, Sauros ‘naujas’, Kdturolika “14°, Dewinolka ‘19’, etc. He also poorly distinguished the muffled consonants from the corresponding skardZiuju, e.g., rieds ‘morning’, Artaug “or a lot’, Dog ‘give’, Grifina “grivina’. Instead of the nominative, he sometimes wrote other forms of the noun, such as Allaus | Dorff-Beer, Swiefta | Butter, Schaukfta | Lēffel. In general, the person was poorly oriented in the Lithuanian ending system: as is typical of the German, he often wrote -es, -e instead of -as, -a, and sometimes confused other endings, e.g., Schenes "sienas', Miles'mile', Wenes 'one', Schimtes 'a hundred', Septinolke'seventeen', Trumpop'short', UJfch trif Grofchi "už tris graSius', du Kdle 'two ways', etc. Poor language proficiency is also shown by the inappropriate joining or splitting of words, e.g., Armoki “or moki’, Artaug “or much’, Arnd “or not’, Keip ptoli “how far’, Aude klos “cloth’, per Nakt woti “to spend the night”, nd per ma nau (=nepermanau) ‘I do not understand’. However, there may also be typographical errors. It must be said that in this book not only Lithuanian, but also other language words added to the description of the respective countries are inaccurately written. The Polish examples are almost as distorted as the Lithuanian ones. The spelling of Lithuanian examples is overly Germanic, e.g., ie instead of y (Trief "three", Dwielika "twelve", rieds "morning..."), ei instead of ai (Keip 'how', palleikik'support', BerteinipB "bertainis'...- ), consonant duplication after the short vowel (Allaus "beer", millo "mile", Schillingas "shilling"...). The combination of letters sch not only denotes the Lithuanian consonant š, but also ž, even the Afrikaans dž: Schowis 'zuvis', Awifcha "oats", Schmogus *žmogus', Melfchu "plead, please" and so on. There is no evidence that G. Kirchas himself knew at least a little bit of Lithuanian. Most likely, the examples of Lithuanian, as well as other languages, will have been compiled by other persons. The informant was probably some elderly German in East Prussia, 230 3. 3HHKS1BHUIOC JIMKTOBCKASI JIEKCHKA B MYTEBOAUTEJIE IO EBPOMNE 1724 r. Peaiome Brnepsbie nyGjinmkyeTe1 CNMHCOK JHTOBCKHX CJIOB H (no, thank a you cCBejeHHs1 O JlaTBe H JHTOBCKOM s3blke, COJĮep>xkKalILHeCs B KHHTe "Lead Star of Reifenden“, n3jgannoji B 1724 r. B Jleiinunre. YCTaHaB/MBAGTCA, “TO KHHTa Obijia COCTaBJeHa paHblie H nyOJiHuKYeEMbIe JaHHbie OTHOcates Ko II nojioBHHe nan paxe cepeaune XVII Beka. McTOUHHKOM JHTOBCKOTO TeKeTa nocay- *HJIa pa3roBopHasn peu* JIHTOBILeB B Bocrounofi Ipycenn, Ho OGHapyxHBAIOTCHS TakKe HEKOTOpHIe JJIEMeEHTbhI ApyTHX AKHajiekTOB. HHdopMaropoM aBTOpa GbiJIO HeH3BeCTHOS uno, BCeli IO BEPOSTHOCTH HeMell, KaKoe-TO Bpems npoxusiiuii B Bocrounoit [Tpyceuu.