Frazeologiniai junginiai su asmenvardžiais

J. LIPSKIENĖ Phraseological compounds with personal nouns In Lithuanian language, besides other phraseological compounds, there are also many phraseological compounds that are related to nomina propria, i.e. they include personal names or place names (names of places of residence, sometimes also water names). Other languages also have such phraseological combinations. They are used to describe some human weakness or unacceptable, deviating from usual norms behaviour in a figurative, often ironic way. Such Lithuanian phrases, it seems, have not yet been studied, so some of them are presented and though. briefly discuss them. The article attempts to review only such figurative expressions, one component of which is the proper name. The phraseological compounds in question are mainly composed of Christian names derived from Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Slavic and other languages. Most of them have come into the Lithuanian language through the Polish!. The history of these names in Lithuanian language began after the introduction of Christianity, and they probably entered into phraseological combinations much later, because this process, as the present material shows, is still taking place in some cases at present. Phraseological compounds with people's names are presented and discussed here, trying to group them by origin. There are groups of names with the following names: 1) biblical origin, 2) calendar origin, 3) customary origin, 4) local origin, 5) book literary origin, 6) not quite clear origin. 1. A number of personal noun phraseological combinations in Lithuanian kala boja are related to the Bible. The content of many of these compositions clearly indicates their direct connection with religion, since they reflect the motives of the Old and New Testaments or the generalizations of the thought of individual episodes. In Lithuanian, the origin of many such combinations was probably given by passages from the Gospels read in churches during services, as well as sermons, canticle hymns, etc. Some of them are comparative in nature and are made up of popular names of testament characters and later saints, which have entered our name book. For example: : Adam: He lived like Adam in paradise (very well lived) while he was a driver in Varn? ; Drs. Adam, leva: Lives like Adam with Eve behind the shoulder of God (lives very well) Mark. All children are the same as Adam with Eve Krv P. Tupinėja as Adam about Eve Šk. 1 J. Dumčius, Ancient names in Lithuanian folk language- ,,,Works of Vilnius State University named after V. Kapsuko- “, XIII, 1957, p. 171. 2 Here and further in such cases the first abbreviation indicates the place of writing the sentence, and the abbreviations after the semicolon — where the phraseological combination is still known. 188 Katryna: Happiness as St. Catherine (says luck) Krš; NN, NN, NN. Mary: I'm tired like Mrs. Mary (I'm very tired) Ref. Sitting when Mary in the saltpan (about doing nothing) Jnš; S.K., S.K., S.K., S.K.. Mark: Begging like Mark through hell (heavily begging) Al; Krishna, Shva, VI. Grains like Mark the po Hell (very rough ką doing) Vrd. Where nature glows like Mark the į Hell (very obsessive flying) JNSH. He was placed in the Holy Spirit's arms as a saint. Peter: He lives like Saint Peter with God on the corner (he lives very well) Shred; Bb. Gina as St. Peter's Gate of Heaven (very protective, protects) Mrk. Rock: Obedient as a puppy of Saint Rock (very obedient) SI. Some of the phraseologisms of this kind were helped to form by paintings of religious themes, e.g.: em Ieva: Ko stovi kai Ieva su lapu, rankas susidėjus (about doing nothing). Jnsh: Sk. Jurgis: Horse like St. George (very good) Ašm. In all the mentioned phraseologies, the phenomena of present life, the behaviour and characters of people in a particular situation are ar usually only compared with the actions of biblical characters or later Christian saints, their characteristic features or characteristics of their manner. Be These, of biblical origin, are other phraseologisir ms of a comparative nature, formed with the names of positive and negative characters mentioned in the Testaments. Though for various reasons these names have not entered our dictionary, the phraseologisms composed į of them are quite ir numerous and abundant. su Some of them seem to be international and come into Lithuanian from other languages. iš Some are jų used relatively frequently, emphasizing negative characteristics of human manners or situations condemned by the people. For example: : Abel: White-haired as Abel's child (beautiful, bright) Up. "Abel's Calf" (humilious, peaceful) Krz. a Herodas, Kristus: What are you asking me about here as Herodas Kristy (you are asking, you are asking), I will not tell you anyway. Jesus: Stopped when the Jews Mr. Jesus (obsessed with what he clung to) Shkn. Mūčyj when the Jews Mr. Jesus (very ką disturbing) Shkn; J.Sc. The Jews were not allowed to worship Jesus (cf. Mt. Judas[Christ]: He walks like Judas, squealing money (about the rich man) Al; Kn. Runs as Judas, who betrayed Christ Sk; Mrk, Pln, Vs. Plg. other words of the same meaning su On behalf of: Runs as Moving, looking for a dry branch (about slowly walking, closing) Krtv. Runs as Repeat the moves until you find a tree. You betrayed a man like Judas for thirty red coins (about the accuser) Jn. Christ: Act like Jews Christ (very annoying) Krsn; MI. The whole gang is da not giving us peace, torturing us like Jews Christ (very annoying) JNSH. Emma ir revolted all as the Jews against Christ Klvr. Lucifer: Spilled eyes (drunken) ir goes like Lucifer's all over the place (Rudely behaving) Sk. 189 Pontius (Interjection) Pilots: He's been like this Pontius Pilot, wash your hands (about pretending to be innocent) JNSH. Ką tu iš jo wants the truth to get, wash as Pontius Pilot hands, go, ir you'll be tu guilty* Rd. Similar to the į latter phraseology of the Lithuanian language is in ir the Russian language, only there Pontius The pilot is understood as the names of two persons, plg. we're sleeping om Ioxmua K Munamy". So it is more appropriate to the phraseology of the Lithuanian language to go from Ainošiaus pas Somehow. Be dialects of the Lithuanian language are used probably phraseology of later times, in which Pontius The pilot's name is no longer mentioned, e.g. So you washed your hands (pretending to be innocent): you're whistling to yourself again! Sk. (plg. Rye ymoieamo kukhu “pretend to be innocent”)*. Almost the same meaning, only more generalized generally describing a person has — — ir su the noun phraseology formed by that personal name — Pontius Pilot, like Nothing tu iš such as Pontius Pilot You won't get it, you can't nė Yes. Other names, ir su named after į unknown names, comparative phraseologisms. For example: Solomon: Jo head as Saliamono (about capable, intelligent) Jnš; Sk. It could be like Solomon (clever, wise), still the same Sk; Tl. Mandrus. as Solomon (smart, wise) Shkn; JNSH. Samson: Dropping his hair when Samson (about a fallen) Škn. Be comparative phraseologisms, biblical images have different ir structures, phraseological compounds performing mainly noun functions, also composed of popular names that have entered our traditional su nomenclature. į For example: : Adam: Rugių — The Fields of Adam (very many; large areas), when we ir will cut! As. Beans have grown The Fields of Adam Screw it. I'm going down to Adam's Cloak (nude), brandu brandu, o viscous is, I did not ir find |axis) This. Adam, Ieva (?): Well, you ir started with Adomo ir Ievos (very far iš away) [tell] Shkn. Ieva: I'm walking past, jin o standing by su Eve's costume (nude), i ką tu to her; si J.Sc. (Plg. Russian 6 xocmiome Eeoi*", Bulgarian 6 esurn "Kocmiom". Peter: This child of the holy Peter released (bad, bad?) Tvr. Tamošius: Go you, go you think I'm a liar, — unworthy tu TamoSiau® (about hard to convince) that I say, then believe Shl. O or Tamošius is no soldier! Tu anam describe clearly, ans neviery, i both Škn. M. A. Leonidova points out that the latter phraseology in Bulgarian is particularly interesting in that the lexical weight is distributed through both components, sometimes by means of -. t. y. name nevierninkas can be transformed noun used independently of į personal noun, ir sometimes in the individual writing be of the writer in o phraseology 2 Where the saying comes from iš the Gospel of Luke, which tells us that Pontius Pilate, conveying to the Jewish demands to crucify She washes her hands to show that she is not guilty of his death. 4 H. C. Amyknu, M. I. Amykuna, Kpksrnarsie chaosa, Mocksa, 1966, p. 532. 5 Idem, p. 685. 6 Opaseojjornueckult CI0Baph PYCCKOTO f3bika, noi perakimeii A. MH. Moaorkosa, MocKBa, 1967, p. 210; (Further: A. H. Mosotkos PCPS). " Bbarapcko-pycku dpaseosiornuen peuruk, cocrapuan A. Komejres u M. Jleonunosa, Coun — Mocksa, 1974, p. 195; (Further: A. Koweses, M. Jleonn pink BPOP). 8 Where the saying comes from iš Gospel of John, which speaks of the apostle Thomas, unbelieving in Christ's resurrection. 190 Tom can be replaced by an adjective (e.g., #eseprume O y wi ut) or other personal nouns (e.g., Keeepnusm T odop). In addition, the name of the person, Tom, is widely known. from the gospel legend, became a symbol of unbelief, in fiction literature sometimes used in that sense independently (e.g., Tom6u»i). The latter case also occurs in Russian fictional literature, cf. Mayakovsky paraphrased this phraseology, "HO MexcOy Hamu xodum Poma, u on HU 60 4umo He eepum*®. Meanwhile, our scarce material shows that in Lithuanian there is also a possibility of splitting this phraseology, but its functions can be performed only by the first element — the adjective nevierninkas, which is used independently, cf., Nu ir nevierninkas! What you want to believe, what I can do for you, what you don't believe Sl. In addition to the above, there are also phraseological combinations performing verb and adverb functions, formed with names mentioned in wills, which are not incorporated into the Lithuanian nomenclature. For example, the name Abraham is almost always used in jokes to express the concept of “dying” or “waiting for death”, “being near death”. The phonetic form of this personal name varies greatly in the proverbs. : Abraomas: Looks like he'll be drinking beer at Abraomas's Dbg. (see Belarusian noexays (nadyi) da Abpama Ha niea)*. What you see is that Abraham is not beyond the mountains, right here Rd. He went to Abraham to feed the sheep. I will go to Abraham Pun. Already I was an Abraham riding Pnm; Because, Vdšk. Nobody can do it, you'll have to go to Abraham Bd. Abram: That man has already gone to Abram. Abrachamas: Soon we will go to Abrachamą RS. Abravomas: All the others went to Abravomas, we left two Krš. There is also a phraseology used with this name with a slightly different meaning, for example, "Silence, or I will send to Abraham (kill) Pun." Such phraseological compounds, which describe thunderstorm, thunderstorm, include the name of the mythical prophet Aliosha, e.g. : Alioche rides through the sky Pun. I, when I started grazing, I thought — Alioshi rides a couple of horses Kp. It's rushing, Alijošius with his wheels is driving through the rocks Rš. As soon as it starts to thunder, it says —Alioshi drives, with a revolver and shoots devils Dbg. There are more such phraseological combinations, formed with names unknown and unused in our dictionary, e.g. : Ainošius, Kaipošius: This is how you walk from Ainošius to Kaipošius (you walk a lot, you are sent), until you get to Krtn. Maybe the gentleman to go from Ainošius to Kaipošiai (to turn everywhere, what to ask), still won't lose the case Jrb. It is not known if he went to the castle to seek refuge from the Turks (see below). What will I get there, the messengers from Ainošius at I'll go from one place to another, and I'll come back with nothing Jnš. Jesus: You will fall into the nails of them —you will know the grace of Jesus" (you will suffer a lot, you will suffer). Now what is not (well, easy) sermėgą call, and what was before * For example, M. A. JIeonngosBa, Mecro co6CTBEHHOrO HMEHH B jJeKcHueckofi H OpaseojnornuecKOii cHeTeMe si3blka (Ha MaTepuajie pycckoro H Čojirapekoro si3bIKOB), „Dojnntuitunk na codaiieKH YHHBEPCHTET (any Ter NO C/IaBAHCKH Oujiojiorau’ 1974, p. 92—93. 10 O. Slukoycki, Benapyckis npbika3ki, TpbiMayki, Opa3eojioriaMsi, Minck, 1962, p. 495. (More: O. finkoycki, Benapyckis npeikaski...). "L The grace of Jesus stems from the iš church’s interpretation that the ir tribulati- — on is God’s grace: sin will be borne on earth and thus avoid punishment in the afterlife. 191 had to sew a vest (such a garment) —knowing the grace of Jesus (experiencing much trouble) Brs; Wife. Judošius: With Judošium of one year (about old) Btg. Religious origins are also felt in such phraseological combinations as: You look like rags Jesus (about torn, fatty, weak-looking). Ig. Standing as a bean Jesus PPr 416. Christ: How old were you when you were a genius? You know that I was already in the year of Christ (33 years) in Cairo. Jin has already completely overlooked Christ (he does not count with anyone): go like an animal with his head raised, do whatever Jnš wants. Reflections of the color of religion are noticeable in the phraseology composed with the name of Lazarus, for example, when you go to them, it Lazarus sings'® (laments, complains, pretends to be poor), and so it katras with his light goes Skn. It seems, although there is no more complete material collected for this purpose, that some of the phraseological compounds of biblical origin were used quite widely in the Lithuanian language. Such combinations as go from Ainošius to Kaipošiai, also meaning death (with the name of Abraham) and other concepts, were probably known almost throughout Lithuania. Such a presumption can be made for the following reasons: a) the conditions for the spread of the aforementioned phraseological combinations were created by the constant repetition of the same biblical legends, with the same names of characters and fragments of their lives, during the service in every church; b) a considerable number of such phraseological combinations are international, i.e. known and used in languages of other nations, e.g. : Adam’s robe (cf. rusy 6 xocmrome Adama“, Bulgarian 6 addmo8 Kocmiom- **; neviernas (nevierninkas) Tamošius (cf. Latvian neticigais Toms'®, Russian Poma resepnoiwi, neeepyrowmuii), Bulgarian Hesperus Tom." However, at present, some of the aforementioned phraseological compounds are mostly used only by the older generation of people or are known from earlier written sources. This shows that with the change of people’s attitude to religion, with the emergence of new social, economic, cultural conditions of life, some phraseological combinations become obsolete and are gradually forgotten. Some of them, a possible thing, will still be used in the future, but for many people the images of their comparison will no longer be understandable, and the origin of phraseology itself is not clear at all. 2. Other phraseological combinations made up of the same or similar (i.e. mainly Christian) names no longer have a direct connection with the Bible. Most of them are calendar! 12 The basis for the formation of the proverb was given by the Gospel of Luke, which talks about the hungry lame Lazarus lying at the rich man's gate. Therefore, in ancient times, all the beggars, asking for alms, sang hymns in which Lazarus was mentioned. 13 A. H. Mojorkos, ECR 210. 14 A, Komenios, M. Jleonnnosa, BPOP 36. 15 JĮ, D, Caubulina, N. Ozolina, A. Plésuma, Latvian-- Russian Phraseological Dictionary, p. 479. 16 A, U. Moaorkos, PCPS 502. 13 A. Komejies, M. Jleoungosa, BPOEP 362. 18 Calendar and customary phraseological compounds are quite closely related, but they are not grouped together because in the calendar (except for John/George's race?) it is almost impossible to trace the custom that gave the pretext for the appearance of phraseology. One component of calendar phraseological compounds usually consists of a calendar date, named after a Christian saint or holiday, and the other — various phenomena of nature, human or social life associated with this date (generalizations of folk meteorological observations, the beginning or end of various livestock and agricultural work, fair markets, etc.). 192 as well as dates dedicated to the worship of various — saints, su festivities, seasonal characteristics of this holiday. The content of such a frequent phraseological combination usually reflects a separate reality of the household. Let’s say, the sayings bearing the name of Jurgis mainly relate to su animal feeding. Proverbs su In the name of Anna means the new harvest, the fulfillment of expectations ir t. t. Still others perform calendar functions. Plg. : Barbora: Barbora at night (since December 22 d. the night is no longer) Grv. Jonas: Lyn when too holy John (about warm rain) Sl. Nu ir warm as a holy Jong, it's o September. Skn. Ne always holy Jono (not always happens; ne always is, you'd like) ko Plv; Svn. Ne everyday holy Jono PPr 387. Frozen when for holy Jon on the ice (iron. ridiculed when it is not cold, complained o that it is cold) Jnš; Sk, Škn, Zg. Šventas Jonas — pieponas no Rd. Joseph: Joseph the liar (about unstable weather in March): 19 lies in winter, lies in summer Grv. Josephus the Liar—One Day This, Another That Grv. Jurgis [Mykolas]: Nothing, fast George will open the garden of God, not for long in ease Sk. Šventas Jurgis sometimes su comes with a hay carriage (April 23 d. is a large grass can ir defend livestock) Rš. J urgis on the heap masturbates (said when "Snow Day" (feat. You have to buy half an acre, stay in a hut, so you don't have to ride bi Jurgio ir Mykolo (rising iš from one place to į another) Skd. Sigmet George unlocked the sky early. Jaugi George unlocked the sky before his naming ceremony (thunderstorm) — thunderstorm, good summer will be Dv. The latter phrase may have been derived from a popular reconstruction of the biblical story, according to which the keys of heaven were entrusted to the apostle Peter. Plg. a phraseology written in one of the phrasebooks, which also describes the first thunder in spring: Already unlocked the heavens holy Petras Dbg. However, there is reason to believe that the phrase George unlocked the sky, the reasons for the appearance could be completely different? ?. Be to, Jurgio ir The alternance of Peter's names is observed in the term phraseologisms ir belonging to the field of botany. For example, the spring primrose (Primula veris), otherwise known as — Peter's keys or saint The Keys of Peter (keys), in dialects still have the name of the keys of St. Urge J ((keys), plg. : In our garden The keys of Peter bloom Vk§. In the ka forest sprouted holy Packets full of — Peter's keys Skn. In our cherry tree there was again a holy George's keys; Lky? ?. Also compare phraseological su combinations made up of other personal nouns, e.g. : Kazimieras: Occasionally ir Kazimierz praised the calf, there have been such years in the Šl. My mom used to say: Kazimierz's crooked track (from March 4 d. deteriorating sled track) Sk. 19 Specifically: in Švenčionys, Dieveniškiai neighborhoods there are songs, where George is understood as the guardian of the keys of summer or land. Songs are asked to unlock Jurgis would move the sky, move the cloud, rain would start, grass would grow green, the sensitive (,,tepaima Jurgis keys, theatre in the earth, theatre releases silky grass, honeyed grass: grass will be for horses, honeyed grass for horses", — V. Misevičienė, Catalogue of Lithuanian Folk Songs, Vilnius, 1972, p. 221). * In the case of the species (with personal nouns) terminological phraseologisms see Page 10 J. Lipsk. Terminological Phraseologisms su with Personal Pronouns, LKK XVI, 248—253, 13. Užs. No. 1026 193 Liucė, Andrius (?): Lucie Andrių pamyžo (it is said, when Andrew's Day in — November 30th frost, o Lucia's — December It's — raining on the 13th. (f1k). Mat: On the holy Mataušo, kišk rūrą į kepaluš (already cold) Cairo. Mykolas: Pradings John, as a Jew par Mykola (this phraseology is probably related to the traditional Jewish day su dedicated to ,,for the cleansing of sins“) Dov. She: Good as Holy Ona, came with a su fresh taste Square. Šventa The Lady — of Bread (from July 26 d. Rye reaping begins) Pln. You can't do anything, suffer, holy She took out the evening (after July 26 d. dinner no longer eaten) Cairo. The roots of some of the other phraseological combinations of this kind may go deeper than Christianity, they are related to archaic t. y. ancient customs, e.g. su : George's race (first spring dew); Jono race (Ionian morning dew) (plg. : You need to drive the cows an George Rush. Per John, you can't get iš the animals up in the morning, an so that the dew doesn't come out John, ba, if on the dew John will leave milk — will break, then already milk be Grv. ). Although the latter expressions ir are related to su church calendar dates, it is difficult to see any Christian features and images in them. Most likely, their origins will have been found in pagan festivals, which were later identified with the church dates of Christian names. su (plg. celebrated in our days The Celebration of Roses — Jonines). Such phraseological combinations are not widely known in the Lithuanian language at present. Su calendorin Agot's day is a related constant ir word combination Agotos: bread „,a piece of bread is consecrated in the church during ritual ceremonies, which, allegedly, can help protect against fire and avoid other dangers“. To the part of phraseological compounds of calendar iš origin belong such ir constant compounds, which in individual parts of the Lithuanian language area are linked to the dates of Christian names su established by the church. They were previously used to name fairs, trade fairs. The first component of such constant compounds is always a personal noun, the o second component consists of a more common dialect word, which has retained its nominative meaning, usually a word of Slavic origin, e.g. jomarkas. worms. Į the following compounds were included: The names of Andrew, Anton, Bartholomew, Barbara, Izidor, Jerome, Joachim, James, John, Julius, Joseph, George, Justin, Casimir, Catherine, Lawrence, Leon, Mary, Martin, Matthew, Michael, Nicholas, Mark, Matthew, Anna, Peter, Philip, Paul, Francis, Rock, Simon-Jud, Stanislaus, Vladislav, Ursula, cf. Andrew's Day (November) 30 Akm, Klt, Nv, Plt; Jacob's Day (Decembe25 r) Pun, Sk: Simono-Judo jomarkas (market on the calendar day of Simon-Judo — in October, 28 ar po (see below), plg. Oh, one year, I remember how big it was Simmons-- j Judd's — ko lobster wasn't there! JNSH. Similar combinations of constant words ir occur in other languages, e.g. in Latvian: Mikela tirgus (market on the calendar day of St. Michael — September 30th): The whole May left empty uz Mikėla tirgu, Mikėla tirgu vié visi gaidija*". Some of the phraseological compounds of that group are no longer relevant today and have no longer their ir earlier popularity, therefore the sphere of use in jų Lithuanian dialects ir It is severely narrowed. ti R. Kagaine, Terminological un dialectal terminological noun combinations Ergemes izloksné, Varda — semantics, Rigu, 1971, p. 82. ; 194 3. A separate group consists of those few sayings that relate to the custom of greeting the namesake. These are customary expressions that have a close relationship with calendar dates of names, e.g. : Today Antanas binding, girls pinkit wreaths Vb; Let's go tonight to throw John Skn; Jnš, Sk; Ionian binding, that is, hanging crowns on the shoulders or wearing a crown M. Catch. I'll have to go pick up Peter today. Skn; Maybe ir we should go To tie Peter, do you think? Btg; Vb. Beje, tokių frazeologinių junginių asmenvardiniu komponentu dabar, ypač tarmėse, palaipsniui tampa kone visi vardai, t. y. progai pasitaikius,,rišama“,, keliama“, krikstijama® , ir Vytautas, ir Artūras, ir Laima, et ir al., pg. : The women said that their whole brigade would go to Vytautas' baptism Sk; I saw their whole family from big to small breaking Richard's tie Rs; So, how about the traffic last night to pick up Dalia? JNSH. Today, these sayings are still used in dialects, although the ethnographic rituals of the custom are almost disappearing. To that group, it seems, also belongs a phrase, composed of su In the name of Andrew, for example, as when now ir girls Andrew sits Canapėm Grv. The saying is associated su with a to calendar name day (November 30-th), when, according to the si living custom, girls sail to dream the future. During burial, burianThree times she sits poppy seeds about herself, about the well she says: Saint ir Andrew,, dream me, where I will live su Grv. The common origin is probably ir such a compound, whose name is in the structure: turned into a generic ir word, but, nevertheless, having a clear connection with the real personal su name — Katrė, Katryna, e.g., Easter Katrė (Cotter) (There is no mention of the dress code.) : Go you, Easter Four! Tl. Dress in all sorts of: bad clothes, come, say Easter — Kotrė Rs. This phraseological compound probably originated iš from a once quite popular custom. The name of Katrė is used in Žemaitija for a woman-shaped sculpture mounted on the wheel of a sleigh carriage carried on Easter Day, cf. ir ir Well, it's Easter They're taking ar Kotryna, see? ! You. Su with the same ethnographic custom another ir name Moran, pp. 10. In the evening, when the dogs began to bark, we saw a group of young people Morę M. Valanč. This name also made it possible to create another phraseological jun gin, p.g. : Distracted as Easter More (about the restless, distracted) J; Mores yomark (Carnival fair) this year less visited LC 1889, 28. Difficult to decide, ar Morės name is related su to real name Mare, although o the place a could have appeared under Kotrė < Let's make an analogy. Compare another comparative phraseology: Sitting like a mulberry kissed Brs. Morynė probably another name or More: Moryně may have arisen under Kotryna: Kotryna example. (Compare more Polish Maryna, in Russian Mapuna). Tų phraseologisms composed of su Katrės ir The name of the area must have been limited only to the Žemaičių dialects, depending on the custom that prevailed there. L. Jucevičius mentions in his writings another phraseological junof customary origin. ginį — senaji Priestess. This was called the "Ashes Wednesday" calico. Su a wreath of fir ir trees was carried ji from house to house. The author believes that the rite could have come from deep antiquity and had some iš mythological significance. ir The compound old Kuniškė applied to lovers of gardening? ?, Still other phraseological compounds, also made up of Christian names, by the 4. nature of their images are of local origin formed in Lithuanian soil. su — * L. A. Jucevičius, Raštai, Vilnius, Lithuania 1959, p. 536—7. 13% 195 In the Lithuanian language they have arisen because of some ar different specific circumstances. Most expressions of this type are usually related to a real person, the basis su for their emergence t. y. has been given by a person whose characteristics of manner, actions and actions dissonate with the environment. In such su compounds, the critical attitude of people to inappropriate unusual behavior, negative character traits, etc. į is most ar reflected. ir This is particularly true of the comparative phraseology. Plg. : Adam: Ką this is a bit like Adam the squirrel (says some nasty ką work) KzR; Smn. Barbie: It is calculated as: Barbie from oral Ldvn. Aš ar 100 mg/ day Barbie the Wonder Woman (I'm very interested, I'm asking) Pp. Parsprogo ligau Barbie Crow Cooking Sts. Jau ir tu you start to talk like Barborytė Krs. Land: Lingoes like The po Cross of St. Mary. Jesus (Christ): It is neither po Jesus, neither po Kristum (about the indifferent) Ms. One eye į Jesus, another į lady (about the gravel) Ml. Jurgis: Ką you're like Jurgis shit (about slowly, not eating) Shkn. Katrė, Kotryna: Boasts as Katrea with garlic (about empty bragging) Rtn. Boasts as Katrė gudo vyžais No. Boasts as Catherine as third child Ashm. Kazys: You collapsed when Kazio fence (about a sloppy, messy). You raced when Kazio wheels (you spoke nothing). Both phraseologisms originate from the Pelesa neighborhood. (It is said that there lived a sloppy, disorderly Kazys N.) Kristė, Kristina: Tai užsigundo kaip Kristė siausti Vlkv. She was deceived like Kristina with her seventh baby Krėv P. Magdė: Where so finely mentioned as Magdutė (you go with small steps) Krs. (It is said that earlier, for the sake of selection, the name of that woman was added to the comparative part: sometimes this is done even now), e.g., What is so mentioned as Ramanaucko Magdutė, ar eit nebemoki? Krs. Marytė: Goes like Marytė with pundles Pkn. "Ištižęs kaip Marytės siris (apie prašį, ištižėlį) TI" (in Lithuanian). Martynas: Silent when Martynas with bitémis TZ 111 376. He was appointed as the bishop of Christchurch (now Christchurch) in 1993. Matas: Utarija when Matas in the room (about speaking badly) Pls. When you see such a woman, throw your Ona aside (say about a beautiful woman?) Rapol: Twisted like Rapol's macek (very twisted) (macek —,,wooden bag for tobacco, money“) Ggr. He's like a monster, he's like a monster, he's like a monster. Tamošius: Clearly as Tamošius during the sermon (not quite clear) Btrm. Zoska: Going when Zoska (very nice, going straight) Rod. (It is said that there was a woman who lived near Rodūniai, famous for her beautiful walk.) In addition to comparative phraseologisms, binary phraseological compounds with a constant number of components performing noun functions, e.g. : ir ir The Canvases of Urša (about very thin, beautiful canvases); Uršulė is a money changer (some people are said to be successful in business). Both of these examples mention L. Jucevičius, indicating the reasons for the appearance of these compounds**. ?** Uršulė once lived in Ukmergė, who wove such thin beautiful canvases that they were in ir demand even abroad. Uršula’s business gave her a great profit and she bought a large village in Žemaitija Uršiškius (plg. L. A. Jucevičius, min. ill., p. 528—9). 196 is also recorded in Polish dictionaries, and the above-mentioned phraseologisms* are also presented with them?, This case shows that already in the 18th century incomprehensible and unhistorical Polish sayings were attempted to come up with historical interpretations®!. The discussed phraseological combinations of Lithuanian language with personal names are almost all composed with popular Christian names. Only one of the other is composed of a name from the Old Testament, which is not used in our nomenclature, and ancient names are also found in phraseological combinations of book-literary origin. So far, almost no phraseological combinations with old Lithuanian names or names of other strata of the nomenclature have been recorded (but this does not mean that they are not present at all). This phenomenon may partly be explained by the fact that in Lithuania, due to the monopoly of the church, Lithuanian names were not used at all from about the 16th century until the end of the 19th century. There were also no phraseological combinations, one of the components of which would be the name of a historical person or any social actor. Meanwhile, in other nations such examples occur, e.g. in the Russian language there is a known phrase Koxdpauuxa xeamuA (cemykrnyA), “about sudden death”, which is derived from the name of the ataman who led the rebels, Kondratiy Afanasiev, who successfully destroyed the troops of Prince Dolgoruky*?. In English, Big Ben, “big Ben” — the name of the clock of the English Parliament, derived from the name of Benjamin Hall, who led its installation**, is used. Most of them partly objectively reflect the former Lithuanian cultural social relations, the influence of the church on people's consciousness and views. Some cases of use of such phraseologisms clearly reflect the negative attitude of People to negative character traits of individuals who actually existed and their actions. Some of these phraseological combinations are no longer popular in dialects, because new social circumstances require the inclusion of more and more different comparison images, more in line with today's reality. However, the described phraseological compounds are still quite valuable and necessary material for science, helping to reveal the culture of the Lithuanian society in the past, its traditions. 0 Zr Stownik języka polskiego, utożony pod redakcją Jana Kartowicza, Adama Krynskiego i Wladislawa Niedzwiedzkiego, I, Warsaw, 1900, p. 742; Stownik jezyka polskiego, editor-in-- chief Witold Doroszewski, II, Warsaw, 1960, p. 873; S. Skorupka, Stownik phraseologiczny języka polskiego, I, Warsaw, 1967, p. “1 It is true that in the Polish encyclopedia, based on the writer Reja, it is stated that Philip of hemp is the nickname of a hare, whose hemp protects him from the foals — (its pungent smell): jumping out of hemp, he could be in danger at any moment (see A. Briichner, Encyklopedia staropolska, p. 328). In addition, in the Czech language, the hare also has a nickname – macek. It is a diminutive form of a very popular Czech Christian name — Maciej (see V. P. Cienkowski, Sekrety imion wlasnych, Lodz, 1965, p. 54). 12 A. H. MonoTrkos, DCPS 203. 8 B. Kynuau, Ppaseojiorust coBpeMeHHoro auramiickoro s3bika, Mocksa, 1972, p. 28. 203 A. JIAIICKEHE GPA3EO0OJIOTHUECKHE COUETAHHS C JIMU4HbIMH HMEHAMH Peaiome IlpuBojnsires (dpa3eojiornuecKHe COUeTAHHA C JIHUHBIMH HMeHAMH, ĄAaeTCS HX KpaTKuii pa360op. Koncrarupyverces, 4To B COCTaB TaKHX (pa3e0JIOTH3MOB MOYTH BCErja BXOAHT XPHCTHAHCKOE HMS H 4TO MO MPOHCXOKAEHHIO HX MOXKHO pacrpeieynTh Ha Heckosbko rpynn. K dpaseoaornYeCKHM couyePaHHAM OuG.efiCKOro MPOHCXOXKIEHHS OTHOCATCSA Te, B KOTOPHIX OTpaxKaloTCs MOTHBHI CTaporo H HOBOTO 3aBeTOB, Hanp., Živeno kao Adamas raj[...], Kun xak Anam B palo (T.e. XH. OueHb xOpomo)’; neviernas Tamošius “OoMa nesepylomuii- ”. Hexkortopsie ¢pa3€0JIOTHUECKHE COYETaHHS ITO rpynmbl B CBOE BpeMsS OUeHb IIMPOKO OBITOBAJIH B JIHTOBCKHX roBopax, HO B Hall JHH OHH MOCTENeHHO OTXOAAT B MaccuBHbli (oH peur. Ppaseosornueckne COYETAHHS KaJeHJapHOrO MPOHCXOXKAEHHS CBA3aHbl C ONpe/ie/eHHBIMH JaTaMH LIEpKOBHOTO Kajenaaps, Hanp., Nulijo kaip per šventą Joną,npowen 10XAb, Kak B HBaHoB jens (T.e. Tenasii, xopoumit paoxauk)". [Ipexnonaraercs, uTO yacTh TaKuX (pa3eoJOrHueCKHX COuerTaHHH CBOMM IPOHCXOMKACHHEM CBS3aHa C JOXPHCTHAHCKHMH IPa3HHKaMH, OGbIua51MH H TOJIbKO Mo3JHee OHH ObijIH NPHYPOYEHH K COOTBETCTBYIOUMM JdaTaM XpPHCTHAHCKOro HepKOBHOTO Kaneujaps. Ppaszeosornyeckue cOueTaHHA OOps1JĮOBOTO NMPOHCXOKACHHS CBA3AHBI C PA3 IHYHBIMI sTHOrpaduyeckuMu OGbiuas1 MH H OGpsijlaMn, Hanp., Joną kelti,xauats Honaca (T.e. no ycTaHoBJIEHHOMY OOpS;JĮy mo3jpaBiasiTe C AHeM aureJia)’. K OpazseojiornuecKuM COUeTaHHAM MeCTHOTO NIpOHCXOXJĮEHHSA OTHOCATCHA TaKHe, BO3HHKHOBEHHE KOTODbIX OGYCJIOBJIEHO KOHKDpETHLIMH MeCTHbIMH OOCTOSITEJIbCTBAMH, HATIp., CTpaHHOCTSMH XApaKTepa pealibHO CYyIeCTBOBABIIEro UeJIOBEKA, ETO NOBeJeHHeM, OTKJIOHAIOLIĮHMCSA OT NpHHATOH HOPMBI H T.1. V TBEPKAAeTCSH, UTO TaKHe Opa3e0JIOTH3MbI Ha TEppHTOpHH PACNPOCTPAHEHHS JIHTOBCKOTO S513bIKA Vale BCero 3aHHMAIOT oueHb HeGOjIbuIHe apeaJibl, TaK Kak OHH OOBIYHO CBA3aHbI TOJIbKO C OjįHON OnpejiejieHHOl MecTHOCTbIO. OlHAaKO KH3BeCTHbI CJIyyaH, KOT/a IMepBOHAYaJIbHO MeCTHbIH Opa3e0JIOTH3M pacnpocrtpaHSETCsl Ha CpaBHHTEJIbHO 6OJIbIION TePPUTOPHH, HANp., Raseinių Magdé. Kpome Toro, HeKOTOpHe H3 HHX BMECTe C pacmmpsiouieiics TeppHTOpHel ynorpe6jenus MojyyaloT H HOBBIE 3HAUCHHSA, T.€. CTAHOBATCH MHOTO3HAUHbIMH. OrjnjejnbHyto Tpyriny COCTaB/sAOT Opa3eojiornuecKue CoueTaHHsi KHHKHO-JIHTepaTypHOTO NMPOHCXOXKJAeHHA. DTH (Ppa3eo/OrH3Mbl walle Bcero o6pasoBaHbl C aHTHYHHIMH HMEHAMH, Hanp., Achilles' heel,Axunecoa nara". B orgejisbHyto rpynny BbULEJISIOTCA: Opa3e0jiornuecKHE COUeTAHHA C HEesICHBIM NPOHCXOKJAEHHEeM, Hanp., molio Motiejus „pacrsna, HeyK. JIOXKui UeJIOBEK (JA0CJ0BHO —rumHsHbl Marseit)’. Koncratupyercsi, 4TO B JHTOBCKOM f3bIKe MOKa He oOHapyKeHbl (ppaseosorHueckue COyeTaHus, o0pa3oBaHHbIe C JOXPHCTHAHCKHMH JIH TOBCKHMH HMEHaMH, a TaKXe C HMeHaMH HCTOPHHECKHX JIMYHOCTeH HJIH OČINECTBEHHbIX es! TJEIENH.