Lietuvių asmenvardžių priesagų paplitimas XVII a.

LIETUVIŲ AREALINĖS LINGVISTIKOS KLAUSIMAI LIETUVOS TSR MOKSLŲ AKADEMIJA V. MACIEJAUSKIENĖ THE DISTRIBUTION OF SUFFIXES IN LITHUANIAN PERSONAL NAMES IN THE 17TH CENTURY The 17th century occupies an important place in the process of Lithuanian surname formation. During this period, the two-part Lithuanian anthroponymic system continued to develop and become established; its beginnings can already be found in the 14th–15th centuries. In various 17th-century documents, there was not yet a standard, uniform practice for recording people—there are cases in which individuals are recorded with a single personal name (e.g., Baniul, Mikolay, Staniul), with the person’s profession, occupation, social status, or the like indicated alongside it; with three personal names (e.g., Joz eph Blagnius Smilgis, Adamelis Grigavitis Gudszunaytis, Ambros Macieiewicz Butkaytis); or even with four personal names (e.g., Jan Walentynowicz Staniewicz Pella, pleban uzwenski…). However, most often during this period people were recorded with two personal names, e.g., Stanislaw Mockaytis, Michal Kubilaytis, Stasius Matulionis, Stanislaw Meszk unas, Matys Dawidowicz, Franciszek Gienielevicz, Mikolay Stasiulienas, Jurgis Pakalniskis, Franciszek Baltmagis, Petras Bikas, Adam Dagis, Kazimierz Pilkius, etc. By formation, the second personal names can be divided into two large groups: 1) personal names with various suffixes, which in the 17th century are most often patronymic, and 2) personal names without suffixes. This article will discuss the first group of personal names, that is, suffixed personal names. These will most often be patronymics, which during this period were not yet always inherited or stable. This is evidenced by examples such as: Daniel Miko-laiūnas syn Mikolaia Petrana, Maciey Tamulanis syn Tamula Minkuna, C capas Stanislaw anis syn Stanislawa Jasiuna, and others. In addition, one can observe that in the 17th century there are fewer patronymics alongside a person’s given name than in the 16th century, while in the 18th century they are even rarer. This suggests that in the 17th century a patronymic could often still be unstable, non-inherited, and not always become a surname. The same can be said of second personal names without patronymic suffixes, which in the 17th century were not all inherited either, e.g., Marcin Wazgis, and his son Januc Martinaytis, Jasius Petranis syn Petra Wileysza, and others. Thus, most 17th-century personal names used alongside a person’s given name were not yet surnames, although they performed a distinguishing function similar to that of our surnames today. Not all of them had the defining characteristics of a surname—to be part of the designation shared by family members and to be inherited across more than two generations1. Therefore, speaking of the suffixes of 17th-century surnames would be somewhat imprecise. It is more appropriate to speak of the suffixes of 17th-century personal names. 1 Žr. B. A. Никонов, До фамилий, Имя и общество, Москва, 1974, p. 176–177; В. К. Чичагов, Из истории русских имен, отчеств и фамилий, Москва, 1959, p. 109. 159 The article discusses 17th-century suffixed personal names, the popularity of their suffixes during this period, and their geographical distribution. The material for the article was collected from several published and manuscript sources². Of approximately 5,000 recorded personal names used alongside a person’s given name to identify them, about 900 are unsuffixed. The remaining personal names are formed with suffixes. When comparing the suffixes of 17th-century personal names with those of suffixed personal names from the 16th century, it is particularly striking that Lithuanian patronymic suffixes were very popular and widespread in the 17th century. In the first half of the 16th century, the most popular patronymic suffixes were the Slavic -ovičius and -evičius; in the second half of the 16th century, the Slavic patronymic suffix -ovičius was only slightly less common than the most popular suffix of the period, -aitis, whereas in the 17th century Slavic patronymic suffixes were relatively rare, and the Lithuanian suffixes -aitis, -ūnas, -onis, and others, were widespread. The most productive patronymic suffix in 17th-century personal names is -aitis. Derivatives with this suffix make up 35.5% of all suffixed personal names in the 17th century. They are formed in various ways: 1) From Christian given names, e.g., Jan Adamaytis, Moteius Ambrasaytis, Michal Ambrozeiavytis, Andrulis Andraytis, Marcin Andrulaytis, Jarosz Augustynaytis, Urban Baltromieiavytis, Czeputis Bartkaytis, Bartłomiej Brazaytis, Walęty Czapaytis, Symon Danielkaytis, Adam Filipaytis, Woyczys Gabraytis, Symon Grigaytis, Adam Jakstzaytis, Jan Jakubaytis, Stanisław Jakubelavytis, Jurgis Jakutaytis, Stas Janaytis, Ambrozy Janutaytis, Jerzy Jasaytis, Stasiulis Jasiulaytis, Jan Jokubaytis, Dawid Jonaytis, Jurgialis Jonelaytis, Mikutis Jozepaytis, Kasper Jurgaytis, Staniulis Jurgielaytis, Stanisław Jurkaytis, Baltromiey Jusaytis, Stanisław Juzaytis, Andrzej Juzapaytis, Mikolay Kasperaytis, Mikolay Lawrynaytis, Stanisław Lukoszaytis, Jan Macaytis, Jons Martynaytis, Misius Masiulaytis, Balcius Mikolaiaytis, Stanisław Mockaytis, Mikolay Morkaytis, Jonkus Norkaytis, Maczulis Petraytis, Misius Petrutaytis, Krysius Pilipaytis, Janel Powilaytis, Adam Sygmuntaytis, Jan Symonaytis, Jasius Stanelaytis, Grigalis Stanislawaytis, Matutis Stankaytis, Kasper Stephanytis, Abram Tamoszaytis, Piotr Urbaytis, Jasiulis Urbanaytis, Jakub Wayciulaytis, Pawel Waytekaytis. As the examples show, personal names with the suffix -aitis are formed from full forms of Christian baptismal names as well as from shortened and diminutive forms of these names, which were widespread and in use in the 17th century. 2) From various personal names derived from nicknames or of other origins, whose roots most often contain some appellative, adjective, or the like, e.g., Lukasz Akmenaytis, Baltromiey Akrutaytis, Mikolay Apszutaitis, Marcin Astreikaytis, Jurgis Audenaytis, Piotr Baciulaytis, Szymas Baioraytis, Lawryn Balandytis, Stefan Balczaytis, Jerzy Balsaytis, Ian Baltutatis, Maciey Baranaytis, Woyciech Barzdaytis, Walenty 2 Inventories of Lithuania (17th c.), compiled by K. Jablonskis and M. Jučas, Vilnius, 1962; K. Jablonskis, Lithuanian Words in the Language of the Chanceries of Old Lithuania, Kaunas, 1941; K. Jablonskis, Lithuanian Culture and Its Prominent Figures, Vilnius, 1973; K. Jablonskis, Disputes of Lithuanian Peasants and Townspeople with Estate Managers, vol. 1, Vilnius, 1959; Acts published by the Vilnius Commission for the Examination of Ancient Documents, vol. 25, Vilna, 1897; Acts Relating to the History of Western Russia, vol. 5, St. Petersburg, 1853; Samogitian Land Court (manuscript), — Central State Historical Archives of the Lithuanian SSR, SA 19518ᵇ; Księga aktowa 1673—1674 (manuscript), — the aforementioned archive (collection 458, inventory 4, file 3); Инвентарь городских имений 1533—1650 (manuscript), — the aforementioned archive (collection 458, inventory 1, file 52); Инвентарь городских имений 1639 (manuscript), — the aforementioned archive (collection 458, inventory 1, file 3). 160 Bebrąytis, Piotr Birbelaytis, Herman Bitinaytis, Adam Brynklaytis, Michal Budrikaytis, Maczul Burnaytis, Woyciech Czebotaraytis, Krzyszop Dagaytis, Jan Dagilaytis, Andrzej Dailidaytis, Jasiulis Dawkszaytis, Mikolay Dedaytis, Marcina Doktoraycia, Ambrozy Dudaycis, Jan Dwaronaytis, Jozef Gaydaytis, Jozep Girgzdaytis, Tamulis Gudaytis, Jasiulis Gurklaytis, Jakub Jawnaytis, Maciej Kayraytis, Walenty Kalwaytis, Mikolay Katinaytis, Jan Kazemiekaytis, Zygmont Kieturnitaytis, Adam Kliszaytis, Stasialis Kosaytis, Jerzy Kowaytis, Lawryn Krawczaytis, Michal Kubilaytis, Pawel Kulnaytis, Abram Kumelaytis, Krysiuk Kupraycis, Stanislaw Lokaytis, Marcin Mazulaytis, Tomasz Mazutaytis, Jasiulis Melnikaytys, Mikas Nowikaytis, Grygutyś Pempaytys, Jan Pilkaytis, Krzyszoph Platukaytis, Jan Plikaytis, Jan Ploksztaytys, Gavlus Rudaytys, Michal Sawsaytis, Gasius Smilgaytis, Kasper Stawgaytis, Kryscus Stumbraytis, Michal Swikaytis, Grygas Szakaytis, Baltromiey Szarkaytis, Jurgis Szaszaytis, Stanislaw Szawlaytis, Jurgis Szyłaytis, Jons Szowdaytis, Jerzy Tahutayc, Pawel Tyiumaytis, Jan Tryszonaytis, Andrzej Waywadaytis, Abrutis Wanagaytis, Abram Zebraycis, Maczul Zylaytis. The meanings of the words in the stems of most of these personal names were undoubtedly once associated with the people bearing them; these names referred to a person’s appearance and character traits, place of residence, ethnicity, social status, and so on. The considerable number of personal names whose stems contain the name of an animal, beast, or bird indicates that people were seen as resembling or compared with them. 3) Relatively rarely in the 17th century, patronymics are formed from old Lithuanian dithematic personal names with the suffix -aitis, e.g., Jurgis Aszmataytis, Kasper Batnaraytis, Mikolay Butwilaytis, Jurgiel Daugwilaytis, Andrzej Dawkin taytis, Andrutus Dimgaylaytis, Jonas Galminaytis, Jozeph Kintrimaytis, Dawid Kongalaytis, Woyciech Mantwilaytis, Krzyszoph Montwidayc, Jan Narwayszaytis, Dawid Norgelaytis, Stanislaw Norwilaytis, Станислав Савнорайтис, Piotr Talmontaytis. In the 17th century, the suffix -aitis was not only the most productive but also the most widespread of all the patronymic suffixes of this period3. Personal names with this suffix are found in various parts of Lithuania in the 17th century. Their greatest concentration is in Samogitia. Particularly many are recorded around Akmenė, Kretinga, Salantai, Sėda, Šaukėnai, Švėkšna, and Tauragė. Numerous derivatives with the suffix -aitis also occur in Western Aukštaitija. The main concentrations in this area are around Ariogala and Šiaulėnai, on both sides of the Nemunas (Gelgaudiškis, Jurbarkas, Kriūkai, Seredžius, Veliuona, and Vilkija), and around Alvitas and Kybartai. Elsewhere in Lithuania this suffix is considerably less frequent in the 17th century. Somewhat larger concentrations of its derivatives are also found around Jonava, Kėdainiai, Linkuva, Panevėžys, and Raguva, while only a few personal names with the suffix -aitis are recorded around Adutiškis, Aukštadvaris, Eišiškės, Kamajai, Linkmenys, Maišiagala, Merkinė, Molėtai, Nemenčinė, Papilys, Šventežeris, and Trakai. The second most productive personal-name suffix in the 17th century is -onis. Its derivatives account for 20.7% of all examples in this period (whereas in the second half of the 16th century there were almost five times fewer). Personal names with this patronymic suffix are formed: 3Although personal names from nearly all parts of Lithuania are recorded for the 17th century, some margin of error is possible when discussing the distribution of suffixes, owing to the uneven quantity of material from different parts of Lithuania. It is probably impossible to record all personal names from the 17th century; therefore, the article’s conclusions are based on the material collected. 11. Užš. Nr. 1026 161 1) From full baptismal names, their shortened forms, and diminutive forms, e.g., Krys Adamanis, Mikczelis Andrukaniec, Mathias Andrulamis, Woyciech Augustianis, Jakubas Bagdananis, Banis Banionis, Andrzej Baniulanis, Motieus Brazionis, Павел Дону-лонис, Janel Grygalanis, Marcin Gryganis, Matulis Grygonis, Czepuk Ignatanis, Jurgis Imbrasanis, Walulis Jakubonis, Jurgis Jakutanas, Mikolay Jananis, Jasius Janaszkzanis, Czepas Janiulonis, Andrzej Jurgionis, Stanislaw Jurgielanis, Jurgis Kasperanis, Walis Klimonis, Piotr Koziulonis, Pawilas Lawrynanis, Janis Macionis, Stasius Maciulanis, Mikolay Mackonis, Czepul Mackielanis, Tomasz Maczulanis, Mikolay Marcinanis, Jurgis Masiulanis, Stasius Matulonis, Банюнас Микалйонис, Michal Paulukanis, Adamas Pawilonis, Endreius Petronis, Jonas Petrukonis, Matul Powilonis, Marcin Pranionis, Woycius Samulanis, Macas Stanionis, Jurgis Stanislawanis, Krzysztoph Stasiulonis, Banis Szymkonis, Jasius Tamulonis, Jonas Urbononis, Jakub Wayciulanis, Czap­as Walientynonis, Mikolay Wenslawanis, Jakub Woyciulanis. 2) From various other personal names, often of nickname origin, e.g., Krisius Akmenionis, Jan Aksztoris, Jan Awizanis, Baltromiej Bacianis, Stanislaw Balubaniec, Piotr Balwanis, Adam Barzdanis, Stanislaw Bezdzionis, Tamul Birlanis, Jan Budranis, Janel Blakanis, Stakiel Bulkanis, Maciej Burneikonis, Jasius Czernikanis, Jan Daylidanis, Jury Dauksianis, Grygas Dylgonis, Яңелис Довкионис, Krzysztof Druskanieec, Woyciech Dudanis, Jasius Dundulonis, Walenti Dwaronis, Adam Dzidziukanis, Mikolay Gaydanis, Stanislaw Gienanis, Czepuk Gilanis, Jas Gineiczionis, Jakub Girniamis, Palis Gruzulanis, Mikolay Gudanis, Joseph Gudgalanis, Krys Grodzianis, Mikolay Ikamanis, Dawid Ilayczanis, Jakub Jodzianis, Dawid Kayranis, Pawel Kalwianis, Maciej Kibonis, Jasius Kierszulanis, Krzysz­toph Kikilanis, Urban Kinczonis, Andrul Klawsanis, Jan Kliszonis, Petras Krypanis, Kazimierz Kupranis, Kazius Kuszlanis, Krzysz­toph Lotyszan iec, Palulis Mazulanis, Woyciech Nareysz­onis, Moteyko Niemonionis, Jerzy Plikonis, Jan Plonianis, Marcin Pupelanis, Jurek Puszkanis, Jerzy Rudelanis, Marcin Skrypkonis, Marcin Szarkianis, Grigas Szylaykanis, Janelis Uszkuranis, Moteius Waywad anis, Maciey Wanaganis, Piotr Wilkanis, Jan Wirszulanis, Andrus Woytelanis, Piotr Zydanis, Matas Zydukonis. 3) From old Lithuanian dithematic personal names, e.g., Jus Daugwilonis, Jonas Daw naronis, Szym Eybutonis, Banis Juoswilonis, Ambros Milwidonis, Czepulis Narbutonis, Matul Nartawtanis, Matul Narwidonis, Janelis Waysznaronis. Unlike personal names with the suffix -aitis, derivatives with the patronymic suffix -onis were most widespread in Aukštaitija in the 17th century. The largest number was recorded in the area bounded by Ramygala, Linkuva, Papilys, and Kamajai. A marked concentration of these personal names is also evident in other parts of Eastern Aukštaitija—around Anykščiai (Kavarskas, Kurkliai), Ukmergė, Utena, Daugailiai, Linkmenys, Švenčionėliai, Dubingiai, Maišiagala, and Nemenčinė. In southern Lithuania these personal names are more widespread around Aukštadvaris, Trakai, Leipalingis, and Šventežeris. Derivatives with the suffix -onis are rare in Western Aukštaitija (Raudondvaris, Vilkija), while in Samogitia they are recorded in only two places—a few personal names around Švėkšna and several around Sėda. Derivatives with the Lithuanian patronymic suffix -ūnas account for about 13% of all examples in the 17th century (there were almost twice as few in the second half of the 16th century). No patronymics formed with this suffix from old Lithuanian dithematic personal names are recorded for this period; therefore, 17th-century personal names with the suffix -ūnas may be classified as follows: 1) from various forms of baptismal names, e.g., Kasper Alexieūnas, Woyciech Alexiun, Jasiul Andre- 162 iunas, Augustyn Andrunas, Kazimierz Baltrunas, Tomasz Bartlomiejūnas, Stanisław Boltrunas, Jozepḥ Gryciunas, Stanislaw Grygalunas, Boltrus Fronckielun, Jurgis Ywaszkunas, Jurgis Jankunas, Maciul Jasiunas, Brazilis Jonikunas, Matulis Jurgiunas, Krysiuk Łukaszunas, Tomasz Maciejunas, Mik as Mackielunas, Bartłomiej Markunas, Morkus Mikolaiunas, Symon Motejunas, Tomasz Narkun, Mikolay Petkunas, Pawel Pietraszun, Baltrus Pronckielun, Maciej Rymkunas, Mikolay Stasiunas, Pranis Szymkunas, Jakutis Tomaszunas, Jakub Waytekunas, Stanislawa Winciena, Baniulis Woyciechun, Staniul Woyt kunas; 2) from personal names of other origins, e.g., Bartłomiej Akmeniunas, Jakub Atkaczunas, Stanisław Balczunas, Woyciech Baltaszun, Stas Blauzdzunas, Jan Bojarunas, Stanisław Buczunas, Pawel Burniunas, Matul Czebot arun, Mikolay Gaydelunas, Iwan Gospodarunas, Danis Grawzun, Kasper Gudz iunas, Juodel Judkun, Jozepḥ Karaliun, Maciej Karp iunas, Tomasz Kiszkun, Piotr Kowalunas, Jozepḥ Krowczunas, Czep Kubilun, Jurgis Lelunas, Jakub Meldziun, Stanisław Meszkunas, Jarosz Naudziunas, Юркели Немейкуонас, Walancius Pikciunas, Jakub Plikun, Maciej Podziunas, Ciastas Rawdziunas, Adam Skiawterun, Ewart Smiligunas, Stasius Treyn iunas, Juruk Wierbelunas, Jozepḥ Ziamayciunas, Stanisław Zolnierunas. Personal names with the patronymic suffix -ūnas are most widespread east of the line Žeimėlis, Linkuva, Šeduva, Jós vainiai, Kaunas. They are especially numerous in the quadrangle between Linkuva, Nemunėlio Radviliškis, Rokiškis, and Ukmergė (together with formations bearing the patronymic suffix -onis). These personal names are rarer in other parts of eastern Lithuania (Daū gailiai, Adutiškis, Dubingiai, Maišiagala, Nemenčinė). In the 17th century, this patronymic suffix is also attested in southern Lithuania—quite a number of personal names with this suffix were recorded around K apčiamestis, Leipalingis, Šventežeris, and Veisiejus, and somewhat fewer around Aukštadvaris, Stakliškės, and Trakai. In the western Aukštaitian area, formations with the suffix -ūnas are found on both sides of the Nemunas (Jurbarkas, Gelgaudiškis, Kriūkai, Plokščiai, Raudóndvaris, Serėdžius, Vilkija). Elsewhere in Lithuania, according to the material collected, the suffix -ūnas is not attested in the 17th century. After these fairly productive 17th-century Lithuanian patronymic suffixes comes the Slavic suffix -ovičius, which was not popular during this period. In the second half of the 16th century, formations with this suffix accounted for about 17.2% of all suffixed personal names, whereas in the 17th century they account for about 6.8%. Most are personal names formed with this suffix from various forms of Christian names, e.g., Jozepḥ Abromowicz, Jasius Ambrosowicz, Balul Andrzejowicz, Gryg Bernatowicz, Jan Bogdanowicz, Matys Dawidowicz, Юркел Довмейкович, Stanisław Grzegorowicz, Lousta Grycunowicz, Pawel Grigowicz, Pawel Jakubowicz, Mik Janikowicz, Michał Jonowicz, Ян Яникувич, Tomas Kasperowicz, Piotr Klimowicz, Jan Lawrynowicz, Jurko Macieykowicz, Jasiuk Maciukowic, Staniul Marcinowicz, Jarosz Pawlowicz, Walulis Piotrowicz, Symon Sebestiianowicz, Iana Symonowicza, Matul Stanislawowicz, Stanisław Stephankowicz, Ambrozy Szczepanowicz, Maciej Szymkowicz, Woyciech Urbanowicz, Mikolay Walencinowicz, Szczepan Woyciechowicz, Krzyszto ph Wolukowicz. In addition, personal names with the Slavic patronymic suffix -ovičius were also formed in the 17th century from personal names of various other origins, e.g., Kazimierza Arefjtowi cza, Walul Byczkowicz, Krzysztof Bilatowicz, Jerzego Burakowicza, Maciej Ciwunowicz, Jerzy Dobryanowicz, Lawryn Dziugowicz, Piotr Gaydymowicz, Pawel Gitowicz, Bartłomiej Kinczowicz, Marcin Kliszowicz, Ambrozy Kniustowicz, Michalko Litwinowicz, Jan Niemowicz, Matys Płoskowicz, Stasia Railowicza, Olbrych Rudo- 11* 163 wicz, Krzyszto ph Sokolowicz, Kazimierz Trakowicz, Mikolay Trykniowicz, Mikśza Trynitowicz, Kazimierz Warnowicz, Jan Węgrzynowicz, Jan Wingelowicz, Kazimierz Woytowicz, Woyciech Zubowicz and from old Lithuanian dithematic personal names, e.g., Czap Butrymowicz, Andrzej Butwilowicz, Piotr Girdwaynowicz, Pietrasz Jawoyszo-wicz, Maciej Kontrymowicz, Woyciecha Montwidowicza, Lawrzyn Narwidowicz, Grig Narwilowicz, Maczul Woysznarowicz. The formations with the suffix -ovičius had no defined area of distribution in the 17th century. During this period, they are found in various parts of Lithuania alongside personal names with other patronymic suffixes. Indeed, no particular concentration of them in any one place can be observed. Perhaps the situation changed later, and it became possible to establish a defined territory for the distribution of this suffix4. There are somewhat fewer personal names with the Slavic patronymic suffix -evičius. They make up 5.4% of all examples and, like other personal names of this period, are formed from various forms of Christian names, e.g., Jan Alexiewicz, Stanisław Ambrosewicz, Marcin Andrzejewicz, Baniul Baltruszkiewicz, Klim Bartłomiejewicz, Marcin Bortkiewicz, Jasius Grycewicz, Lukasz Janczykiewicz, Niemon Januszewicz, Matylus Юркгелевич, Maciej Juriewicz, Woyciech Lukaszewicz, Krzyszto ph Maciukiewicz, Rym Mar ciewicz, Mikolay Matulewicz, Stephan Mikielewicz, Gryg Mikolaiewicz, Antoni Praniewicz, Krzyszto ph Proniukiewicz, Jan Staniulewicz, Adam Stasiewicz, Stefana Teresewicza, Enulis Tomaszewicz, Mikolay Walukiewicz, Awgustyn Wenckiewycz and from personal names of various other origins, e.g., Symona Bocewicza, Iana Bunciewicza, Maciej Burniewicz, Piotr Diakiewicz, Franciszka Gienielewicza, Piotra Gilewicza, Matys Girniewicz, Stanisław Jodelewicz, Walis Juodzewicz, Krzyszto ph Kawlewic, Jakub Kiaułkiewicz, Stanisław Kliszewicz, Andrzej Koplewicz, Stephan Koralewicz, Krzyszto ph Ławn ikiewicz, Balczus Niemoiewicz, Jan Okieliewicz, Trakim Piekielewicz, Tomul Ruzgiewicz, Adam Saulewicz, Adam Sruogiewicz, Ian Szpigiewicz, Jozeph Zomoyciewicz. Like personal names with the suffix -ovičius, formations with the suffix -evičius had no defined area of distribution in the 17th century. They were recorded in various parts of Lithuania alongside personal names with Lithuanian patronymic suffixes. The Lithuanian personal-name suffix -ėnas was rare in the 17th century (about 2.5% of all examples). Personal names with this suffix derive from Christian names (e.g., Stas Doroten, Stasius Elenas, Krzyszto ph Jakien, Stanisław Jakubenis, Jan Kazenas, Janel Mikienas, Adam Mikolonėnas, Maciej Powilenas, Mikolay Stasiulienas, Jan Tumulenas, Jakubas Wincenas) and from personal names of other origins (e.g., Stas Alanenas, Adam Barzdalen as, Marcin Bikienas, Jakub Butenas, Adam Ciekienas, Szymas Dakutenas, Jurgis Giadenas, Petras Gulbenas, Jurgis Gumbenas, Janul Kaymenas, Janul Nimen as, Jurgis Niksztelenas, Walenty Plikienas, Iana Skl iuczena, Stanisław Skrebenas, Jurgis Szarkienas, Jan Ulantenas, Matulia Zemoytiena). Although it was not very productive in the 17th century, the patronymic suffix -ėnas has a more or less defined area of distribution. Personal names with this suffix are concentrated in eastern Lithuania. Most were recorded in the northeastern part of Lithuania, in the quadrangle formed by Smilgiai, Nemunėlio Radviliškis, Panemunis (Rokiškis district), and Ramygala. Individual personal names were also recorded in other parts of eastern Lithuania (around Daũgailius, Drūkšius, Dūbingius, Maišiagala, Nemenčinė, and Ukmergė). In addition, after a few- 4 Žr. Lietuvių kalbos rašybos žodynas, Kaunas, 1948, p. 133. 164 personal names with the suffix -ėnas are recorded around Aukštadvaris, Raudondvaris, and Šventėžeris. A separate group consists of personal names with so-called diminutive and hypocoristic suffixes. They are not particularly popular in this period. Derivatives with the suffixes -elis, -elė, -ėlis, -ėlė⁵ are more frequent in the 17th century, accounting for about 9% of all examples. Personal names with other diminutive suffixes (-ukas, -(i)ulis, -utis) are rarer and account for about 4% of the suffixed personal names from this period. The personal-name suffixes discussed above for the 17th century were patronymic; as for the suffixes -elis, -elė, -ėlis, -ėlė, it is quite difficult to determine where they have the meaning of a patronymic suffix—that is, where a personal name with these suffixes is derived from the father’s name or a second personal name written after the given name. The material of the Atlas of the Lithuanian Language shows that, in our dialects today, the surnames of children (boys, adolescents, and young men) are formed from the father’s surname with the suffixes -elis, -ėlis. Thus, personal names formed from one or another form of a baptismal name with these suffixes could often also have a patronymic meaning, e.g., Tomasz Banelis, Maciej Bochdanelis, Jan Jakielis, Dawid Janel, Piotr Jozanelis, Stanisław Łuksziale, Jędrzej Martenelis, Kazimierz Pawłelis, Maciej Rymkielis, Mikołay Romanelis, Jan Stanelis. Other personal names with these suffixes are usually of nickname or other origin, e.g., Szym Akiela, Narkus Augela, Baltromiey Awinelis, Jurgis Awizela, Jakub Baczkelis, Piotr Biskupelis, Walulis Bitynelis, Franciszek Boidarelis, Mikiel Boronelis, Stasius Bruzgelis, Urban Bukiel, Krzystoph Butkanelis, Stanisław Dagielis, Tomasz Dudela, Juz Gaidelis, Martinas Gaygalelis, Jakub Garnalis, Jan Giervela, Krzystoph Gławdeli, Walulis Jodkunelis, Jakub Kaylelis, Kasper Kayrel, Maciej Katynelis, Jurgis Kazemekielis, Samuel Kiewnialo, Tomasza Kiszkiela, Szczesny Kuprelis, Kazimierz Kurszelis, Andrzej Lapela, Jurgis Łotwelis, Łukasz Margielis, Jan Meszkiela, Paweł Miltelis, Boltrus Miszkielis, Bartłomiey Paputelis, Pảlul Perkunelis, Balul Pilkiel, Pawel Pilwelis, Jasiulis Plikielis, Pawel Pruselis, Walis Puodelis, Marcin Rudelis, Mikołay Rutalis, Манея Садунеля, Czap Skilundelis, Michał Strazdelis, Jerzy Szwedelis, Niecius Uselis, Mikołay Wanagiel, Baltromiey Wilkielis, Brasiuk Wingrel, Walulis Wirbalelis, Tomasz Womzdelis, Szymuk Woszkiel, Bartłomiey Zemaitelis, Piotr Zyrnielis, Piotr Zolnierelis. In some cases, the suffixes -elis, -elė, -ėlis, -ėlė in these personal names may be patronymic (cf. the many 17th-century personal names without these suffixes—Jakub Baran, Baltromiey Bruzgis, Jakub Butkus, Adam Dagis, Jakub Duda, Jan Gaydis, Jakub Gierwa, Wilm Gudas, Kasper Kayrys, Symon Kiszkis, Matulis Kupris, Mikolay Lacwis, Kazimierz Pilkius, Pietruk Plikis, Piotr Rudis, Mikolay Wanag, Jan Wilkas, Andrius Wingris, Kazimierz Wirbal, etc.). However, in many cases it is entirely impossible to determine whether personal names with these suffixes derive from other, non-derived personal names (in which case these suffixes would be patronymic), or whether diminutive forms of common nouns have become nickname-based personal names. In the 17th century, personal names with the suffixes -elis, -elė, -ėlis, -ėlė were widespread throughout Lithuania. Most are recorded in northeastern Lithuania (around Krinčinas, Pápilis, Pándėlys, Kāmājas), in southern Lithuania (around Lazdijai and Šventėžeris), and in western Lithuania (around Švėkšna, Plungė, Kartėna, and Kretinga). 5 Because of the spelling conventions in various printed and manuscript sources, it is difficult to distinguish these suffixes; they are therefore discussed together. 165 Other diminutive and hypocoristic suffixes (-(i)ulis, -utis, -ukas) are rare. The stems of personal names with these suffixes may contain a baptismal name or some common noun, adjective, and so on: (i)ulis — Maciej Aniul, Dawid Aniulis, Piotr Awgiul, Mikołaj Бавюлис, Jan Bondziul, Piotr Burbulis, Jasius Dundatis, Mikołay Dziurgul, Krysčius Grumulis, Waliul Kazialis, Stanisław Kierulis, Piotr Kukulis, Jan Kuziulis, Kazimierz Masilis, Миколай Мисюлис, Woyciech Murmulis, Filip Palulis, Jonelis Petrulis, Dawid Pieciulis, Jakub Pilutis, Woyciech Ratul, Stanisław Stanulis, Zemel Stasiulis, Mikolay Tyrulis, Dawid Wieszkulis, Marcin Zlempulis; -utis — Dawid Barutys, Paweł Degutis, Piotr Gawdutis, Krzysztof Gialutis, Michała Jonucia, Andrus Kiezucis, Grigas Kirkutis, Waluk Kiszkucis, Woyciech Kukucis, Jan Kurutis, Matutis Ladutis, Jerzy Meszkutis, Jozeph Milkutis, Paweł Osobutis, Michał Peciutis, Bartłomiej Rakuc, Jan Rosteykutis, Jasius Saldutis, Janel Sawutis, Lawryn Stakutis, Jan Szeputis, Krzyszioph Szyrwuc, Adam Tałutys, Stanisław Twoskutis, Mikołay Walutis, Adam Waszkutis, Jurgis Wieszkutis; -ukas — Andrzej Matuk, Mikolay Misiuk, Jan Miszuk, Andrzej Paulukas, Sczesny Radziuk, Kazimierz Rudziuk, Matul Siawruk, Matuselis Zyndukas, Dawid Zonduk. These diminutive suffixes are not always patronymic either. Personal names with these suffixes may often have arisen from diminutive common nouns, or a diminutive form of one or another baptismal name may occur as a second personal name. In general, diminutive forms of Christian names were very popular and widely used in both the 16th and 17th centuries, e.g., Abrutis, Andrulis, Andrūtis, Baniulis, Czepulis, Czeputis, Janul, Jasiulis, Jurgialis, Matulis, Matutis, Mikutis, Staniulis, Stasiulis, etc. (cf. patronymics formed from them—Andrulonis, Andruty­tis, Baniulaytis, Czepulaytis, Czaputaytis, Janulanis, Jasiulonis, Jurgielaytis, etc.). It is difficult to determine the distribution of personal names with the suffixes -(i)ulis, -utis, -ukas in the 17th century because the material is sparse. However, these suffixes probably did not have a defined area of distribution, since even the few personal names with these suffixes are recorded in various parts of Lithuania: with the suffix -(i)ulis—around Akmenė, Betygala, Adutiškis, Giedraičiai, Kėdainiai, Kurtuvėnai, Nemenčinė, Pagėgiai, Rūguva, Raudondvaris, Sėda, Švėkšna, Tauragnai; with the suffix -utis—around Kurtuvėnai, Adutiškis, Plungė, Rūguva, Sėda, Svedasai, Švėkšna, Šventėžeris, Tauragnai; with the suffix -ukas—around Aukštadvaris, Betygala, Šešuoliai, Švenčionėliai, Trakai, Vabalninkas, Viduklė. A very rare personal-name suffix in the 17th century is -iškis (about 0.5% of all examples), e.g., Zim Bawliszkis, Marcin Brunkiisz­kis, Maciej Dilbiszk, Jus Dyrszyskis, Jusa Jakowiszkia, Urban Jamantisz­kis, Piotr Jodyszskis, Jan Karasiszkis, Woyciech Konowiszkisz, Jurgis Pakalniszkis, Jan Petryszkis, Woyciech Stagiszkis, Adam Szukiszkis, Alexia Wilniszkis: they are recorded around Gaurė, Gelvonai, Kėdainiai, Panemunis (Rokiškis District), Švėkšna, and Šventėžeris. In addition to the 17th-century personal-name suffixes discussed above, the overall picture of suffixed personal names from this period is enriched by derivatives with the Slavic suffixes -ovskis, -inskis, -evskis, -eckis, -ickis, and others (together accounting for about 2.5% of the examples). Personal names with the suffix -ovskis are more numerous in this period, e.g., Mikolay Baranowski, Jozas Borowski, Matyasz Burowski, Jan Ciszkowski, Jerzy Czapkowski, Piotr Daynowski, Stanisław Gielwanowski, Sebestian Grabowski, Jędrzej Iwanowski, Jan Jankowski, Mikolay Kompowski, Krzysztof Kozłowski, Marcin Krasowski, Jan Lisowski, Andrzej 166 Nagłowski, Dawid Ostrowski, Mikołay Piotrowski, Krzysztoф Rutkowski, Jan Sokołowski, Marcin Stronowski, Piotr Szydłowski, Szym Sweykowski, Jakub Tyrlikowski, Jan Żebrowski, Kaspar Złotkowski, Mikołay Zwierkowski. Other Slavic suffixes were rare during this period, e.g., -inskis: Mikolay Berzynski, Krzysztof Ciwiński, Bartłomiej Erminski, Matys Kuczyński, Marek Łukaszynski, Woyciech Pilwinski, Jerzy Puszynski, Krzysztof Skowrynski, Jan Wiertinski; -evskis: Marys Gayzewski, Jozepł Janczewski, Andrzej Kopaczewski, Piotr Łukaszewski, Marcin Maliszewski, Jan Sobolewski, Woyciech Tumaszewski, Jerzy Wiszniewski, Jan Zwerenski; -eckis: Jan Giegiecki, Mikolay Gotowiecki, Andrzej Jałowiecki, Jan Poniemiecki, Matulis Woroneckis; -ickis: Łukasz Czernicki, Adam Jakubicki, Kasper Łaywickis, Matiasz Sawicki, Andrzej Walicki, Krzysztof Zubrycki. In the 17th century, these suffixes did not have a clearly defined area of distribution. Personal names containing them were recorded in various parts of Lithuania. Only a few personal names with these suffixes (as with the -ovičius, -evičius discussed above) may belong to people of other nationalities who had migrated from elsewhere. Most of them entered the records through official documents, which in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries were usually written in languages other than Lithuanian by scribes of various nationalities. This circumstance undoubtedly also accounts for the abundance of the Slavic patronymic suffixes -ovičius, -evičius in the 15th century and the first half of the 16th century. Only in the second half of the 16th century, and especially in the 17th century, did Lithuanian patronymic suffixes begin to displace them. Having discussed all the personal names formed with suffixes in the 17th century, it is also interesting to note that during this period there were several localities in Lithuania where nearly all, or at least most, of the personal-name suffixes of the 17th century were recorded. These include Šventėžeris, where personal names with 12 suffixes discussed for this period were recorded: -aitis, -onis, -ūnas, -elis, -ulis, -utis, -ovičius, -evskis, -ovskis, -inskis, -ickis, -evičius; Švėkšna: -aitis, -onis (although their derivatives in the 17th century are concentrated in Aukštaitija), -elis, -ulis, -utis, -ovičius, -evičius, -iškis, -evskis, -ovskis, -inskis (11 suffixes in all); Trakai, where personal names with Lithuanian suffixes -aitis, -onis, -ūnas, -ėnas, -elis, -ukas and Slavic suffixes -ovičius, -ovskis, -evskis were recorded (9 suffixes); Maišiagala, where nearly all Lithuanian patronymic suffixes occur in the 17th century: -aitis, -ūnas, -onis, -ėnas, and the Slavic suffixes -ovi-, čius, -ovskis, -evskis, -inskis, -ickis (9 in all); Nemenčinė: -aitis, -onis, -ūnas, -elis, -ulis, -iškis, -ovičius, -evskis (8 suffixes); and Aukštadvarýs: -aitis, -onis, -ūnas, -ėnas, -elis, -ukas, -ovičius (7 suffixes). CONCLUSIONS 1. Lithuanian personal-name suffixes in the 17th century are diverse. Alongside Lithuanian suffixes -aitis, -onis, -ūnas, -ėnas, -elis, -elė, -(i)ulis, -utis, -iškis and others, many personal names bear Slavic suffixes -ovičius, -evičius, -ovskis, -evskis, -eckis, -inskis and others. 2. The highly productive Slavic suffixes of the 16th century, -ovičius, -evičius, denoting origin or affiliation with a family or kin group, were largely replaced in the 17th century by the Lithuanian patronymic suffixes -aitis, -onis, -ūnas. 3. Nearly all Lithuanian patronymic suffixes in 17th-century personal names had more or less clearly defined areas of distribution during this period. The greatest concentration of the suffix -aitis is in Samogitia and Western Aukštaitija; derivatives with -ėnis, -ūnas and -ėnas are concentrated in Aukštaitija (especially in the northeastern part of Lithuania). 167 4. Slavic personal-name suffixes in the 17th century have no clearly defined area of distribution. Derivatives formed with them are recorded in various parts of Lithuania alongside personal names with Lithuanian suffixes. В. В. МАЦЯУСКЕНЕ DISTRIBUTION OF SUFFIXES OF LITHUANIAN PERSONAL NAMES IN THE 17TH CENTURY Summary Using several published and manuscript historical sources from the 17th century, the article analyzes Lithuanian personal names formed with various suffixes and identifies the areas in which these suffixes were distributed. In the 17th century, there was not yet a single uniform form for naming a person. One-part, two-part, three-part, and even four-part designations of a person are found. The two-part designation was the most typical for this period. The second element of such a designation was most often a patronymic form of a personal name, formed with various suffixes. These personal names are very similar in form and function to Lithuanian surnames, but in this period they were by no means all surnames. In many cases, they were not yet hereditary and did not unite members of the same family. Alongside Lithuanian patronymic suffixes -aitis, -onis, -ūnas, -ėnas, -elis, -elė, -iškis, etc., many Lithuanian personal names formed with Slavic suffixes -ovičius, -evičius, -ovskis, -eckis, -inskis, etc., are found in the 17th century. The most productive suffixes of Lithuanian personal names in the 17th century are -aitis, -onis, -ūnas. Almost all Lithuanian patronymic suffixes of the 17th century have distinct areas of distribution. Personal names formed with the suffix -aitis are concentrated in Samogitia and eastern Aukštaitija. The suffixes -onis, -ūnas, -ėnas are concentrated in Aukštaitija (especially in the northeastern part of Lithuania). Slavic personal-name suffixes of the 17th century have no clearly defined areas of distribution. Personal names formed with these suffixes are found in various parts of Lithuania alongside personal names with Lithuanian suffixes.