Nomina regionalia lietuvių kalbos tarmėse

LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE SPECIAL LEXICON LITHUANIAN LINGUISTICAL QUESTIONS, XXII (1983) M. LENKEVIČIŪTĖ-- NORKAITIENĖ REGIONAL NOMINATION IN LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE TERMS Pronouns (nomina regionalia) refer to people according to their origin or place of residence. To identify more pronounced tendencies in the formation and use of the above-mentioned names in Lithuanian dialects; material was collected from the academic Lithuanian Language Dictionary (hereinafter —LDD), as well as its and the Lithuanian Language Atlas (hereinafter —LLA) archives and V. Vitkauskas’s North-East Dune Speaking Dictionary! Over a thousand examples have been collected, which show that in Lithuanian dialects two ways are used to name people according to their place of origin or residence: the descriptive and the adjective. Adverbs Adverbs are not singulars, but compounds. They are of two types: (a) several nouns, one of which is the origin of the place name (in order to specify the place of birth or residence of a person). For example: : I myself am the LKZ III 308 (Shv) of the birth of Švėkšnos?. It is the birthplace of Alv. The surname suits, but we are not even tribes of the tribe — I am Martinkus Želvių, and he is Martinkus Lazdininkų LKZ III 239 (Dr.). The village is located on the RD 163 (Route 163). Where do you come from, —Alytus man!? A raven. Cherry is so good —Kuršėnai bobs nailed LKŽ VIII 500 (Krš). (b) compounds with prepositions. For example: : Are you from afar on the carpet? —Carpet I from Švėkšnos LKŽV 778 (J. Jabl). It is located at 1093 W. 10th Street. She comes from Zvirgždai, but lives in Varėna Pv. My mother was going from Palanga LKŽ II 1074 (Plng). He came out of Rakų Nč. I dream that those girls from Alizavos Slm. Murod, you're from Šilalė, you're from LKŽ VIII 430 (Grd). We wrote Kukliais (surname) from Kaziuliai (village) LKŽ XI 216 (Dv). You perverts from the Tintagel Garden! LKZ VI 641 (Dr.) A man from Kaunas Rs. He's from Agurkiškės VšR. A man from Rūdiškiai Trak. They are from beyond Girdžiai LCC IX 155 (Jrb). 1 Vitkauskas V. North-East mudworker's dialects dictionary. —V., 1976. * Abbreviations as "Dictionary of the English Language". * Sentences su with the following abbreviatiiš on take the article: Grinaveckienė E. The north-western slope of the mountain is very steep. ir — Kn. : Lithuanian Linguistics. V., 1967, vol. 9, pp. 151-170. 137 From The Rise jo of Syntauts LKŽ V 778 (Plv). Ji expires from Pašakių LKŽ II 1093 (PC). Anas from Utenos (from Utenos apylinkių) LKŽ VIII 902 (Ktk). That man being from Pasvalio LKŽ VIII 902 (Dj). Man nok The Goddess. Those motera te kur nok Varėna Pv. Along the way I only guess that from Daugėliškio LKZ 1X 247 (Snoring) Pagudišką had a teacher — ar nu Šiauliai, ar nu Tauragės LKŽ IX 100 (Sts.) Ji is from beyond Šiauliai LKK IX 157 (Jrb). They're from the other side of Šimkaičiai. LKK IX 157 (Jrb). In su sentences with a prefix iš (or sampling su beyond) the iš place of birth (residence) of the person is said exactly. These sentences are synonymous with the first (a) subset sentences. When indicating the approximate place of residence, i.e. ne a specific settlement, a o wider area, is translated with constructions prefix from su (or similar constructions with contemporasu ry prepositions from anapus, from siapus). In colloquial language, a person's place of residence throughout In Lithuania, it is usually indicated in a descriptive way. This would indicate that this method is old. In old documents, acts of registry, it was also written in this way, indicating the place of residence of the person being registered, e.g. : ar Mikolajūnas iš Norbutų k.), (1742 Jaraitis iš The Village (1702 Voice.) ir Mr. * to, Be there are place names whose iš constructive way (usually, as we will see below, for phonetic reasons) it is difficult to make names of inhabitants, so in this case also the descriptive way comes to the rescue. In some places in Lithuania it is even the only one. For example, Kėdainiai region. Krakių, Panevėžio raj. In the vicinity of Upytės, about Kaišiadorys, Trakai, Vilnius The locals say te that a man is iš Panevėžys, nu Krekenavos, iš Kalvių, iš Rūdiškių, Nemenčinės. iš In other cases, the compounds are used to accelerate su with adjectives du made of one-word conjunctivear s, e.g. : Miežiškiuose (Panevėžys district) says ir panevėžietis, ir man iš Panevėžys; Varėnos raj. Valkininkų, Marcinkonių apylinkėse sakoma iš(nuo) ir Marcinkonių, iš (from) Varėnos, marcinkoniškis, ir varėniškis, varėnis. Similar practices are used in the districts of Šakiai, Kapsukas, Vilkaviškis, Alytus, Vilnius, Šalčininkai and Molėtai. Verbs Verbs that are made of one word: a) noun or adjective derivatives of suffixes, e.g.: salantiškis, -ė, punėnas, pakruojietis, -ė, veliuonytis, -ė, žagarininkas, -ė, tverečinis, -ė, etc. ; noun endings b) -is Vedic, e.g. ariogalis, -ė, šeduvis, -ė, širvintis, -é. Most of the time, the name of the group is not mentioned. There are many different suffixes for this purpose, e.g.: -iškis, -ė; -ietis, -ė; -een; -inis, -ė; -(in)inkas (-ykas), -ė; -ytis, -ė; -(iJukas, -ė; -(iJutis, -is; -(i)okas, -ė; -onas, -¢, etc. Not all of them are used equally widely and frequently (the prevalence and use is more clearly seen in Zemélapio*). We will discuss them according to their productive potential. 4 Zinkevičius Z. Lithuanian anthroponymics. —V., 1977, p. 35. * Numbers on the map indicate dialectological points as in the “Atlas of Lithuanian Language”. 138 Total In Lithuania (perhaps only except for northern panevėžiškiai bordering ir su them šiauliškiai area) used old suffix -iškis, -ė, which is almost the only means of making words of this kind in the language of the Zemgales. For example: : Kretingians worked rounds in large long ropes LKŽ VI 555 (Slnt). Ans yr, rodos, mosėdiškių iš LKŽ VIII 354 (Slnt). Adam yr sediškis, iš Kirklių Angry. Kuršėniškiai speak thicker, papilėniškiai thinner LKŽ VI 972 (Pp). Aš I'm already a pure Laukviškė born here, — grown up all my life spent ir LKŽ VIII 189 (Lv. Rietava people speak ulba like tetervinas LKZ XI 582 (Lv. Blinda was a classmate, Klasė an's homeland LKŽ VII 691 (Uzhv). Ans yr iš right here, Mažeikiai LKŽ VII 967 (Ms.) Aš I'm a iš longtime palangish LKŽ IV 157 (Plng). The first man of the year was from Palanga LKZ IX. 238 (Ms.) Germination was broad LKŽ II 525 (Sts.) Plungės ir keit (changes) already (speaks differently) LKZ X 350 (Krtn). Gargždieši kitip fields work LKŽ 11 570 (Krtn). Mas, raudėniškiai, similarly su telšiškiais speak LKŽ XI 249 (Rdn). Gruzdziu — savages, Shakiniai — foresters LKŽ VII 181 (Sk). That old man was a Salantian Grg. Po rusniškius looked for eels LKŽ XI 1020 (Rsn). Priekuli people speak beautifully LKŽ X 651 (File). The Palanga people promised not to give up Tiškevičius LKŽ V 866 (Dr.) Kelmiškės do not pay thanks LKŽ I 17 (LI). The people of Šilutė, Priekulė always twist the word LKŽ VI 501 (Sg). We don't get su together, we don't meet Pgg. Tą the song also plateliškiai, plungiškiai, alsėdiškiai liuob būriūs|e) sing in the fields[e] talkosle i Plt. Other broadcasir ts about When they are ready, they are called fermented. LKZ X 80 (Plt). Te[n] pas jum cibuliy kraštas: the people of Shakyni are already no ancient cibulninkai LKŽ II 20 (Zg). In those years he wrote songs and lyrics for the people of Eržvilkas LKZ 11 1152 (Erg.) Veliuoniskiai plaukia (speak Zemaiciuodami) LKZ VII 75 (Ilg.) DarZeli papartisciidae LKZIX 350 (Ppr). Panemunės farmers are already harvesting rye LKZ IX 333 (PnmA). RamygaliSkés went marchy [i elsewhere] LKZ XI 124 (Rom.) Kirdeikiskiai promised next Sunday kermoSiun music su atvaZivot LKZ V 833 (Trgn). It's a mushroom iš berry living ir LKZ VII 3 (Trgn). T. I'm not gonna let you go, you'll be a ma killer ir Slk. Antazaviskis took it in the dusk LKZ I 158 (Ds). DusetiSkiui only paSokt, pamiegot, o kamajiskiui panciai vpt LKZ II 918 (DKK). Horse racingésle] beautifully rode obelisk LKZ VIII 987 (Ob). Jis iš Originated in Prienai, prieniSkis LKZ X 664 (Prn). They were full. Prienai birstoniskiy LKZ I 846 (Prn). "Many through the loyalists iš only mushrooms lived LKZ 1X 839 (Alv.) Iš these eZedubičiry či catch a lot of fish LKZ 11 781 (DbS). Daugiskiy land mountainous ta LKZ II 322 (Alv.) MieZioniskis, -é, skaivoniskis, -é, skraicioniskis, -ė LKK 1X 193 (Dv)®. Dainaviskis, -é, kréliskis, -é, kurpefiskis, -é, narbutoniskis, -é, nar&ioniskis, -é, naugardiskis, -ė, pagiriskis, -é, vilniskis, -é, zaseciskis, -ė, zieteliskis. -¢ LKK XI (Zt)". = * Examples iš of the article: Lipskienė J., Vidugiris A. The Goddess. — Kn. : Lithuanian Linguistics, t. 9, p. 193, * Examples iš of the article: Vidugiris A. The Zitela dialect noun. — Kn. : Lithuanian Linguistics. V., 1969, t. 11, p. 157. 139 Panevėžiškių (especially northern) ir part of the person's residence in Šiauliai likes to describe (human from Smilgių, iš Upytės ir ir pan.), but occasionally becomes a vedic ir suffix su -ietis, -ė. For example: : Šiandie šilely very many panevėžiečiai uogauja LKŽ IX 334 (Krs). The people of Panevėžys, that's them, because they speak differently, like us LKŽ IX 334 (M.Sc.) Apskevilys takairiečive ai (Kairių sodžiaus bernai), pareini i burbulu su Cf. Baisogalietis į doesn't look at others LKŽ I 69 (Bsg). The railroads arrived. It should be noted that ši this suffix is not the only one in these and other places in Lithuania: other vedic compounds are used synonymously. ir ar E.g.: boba Jo biržietė LKŽ I 850 (Ds), but is from Biržai ir (Skp), birželis (Vb). Da several girls from — ir leliūnai all guests LKŽ VII 319 (Dbk), but says ir People of Leliūnai (Out). ; Lyduocetes aš LKŽ VII 410 (Kkl) — ir iš (new) Lyduokių (Ldk). My grandfather LKŽ 1X 33 (Craps) — ir iš Pandėlio (RK). Took the very iš Pan-Muslim LKŽ IX 333 (Kp) — ir iš Panemunio (Rk). True, sometimes between adverbs -ischialgia, -ė ir -ietis, -ė Vedic there is a difference in meaning. For example, the Samogitians of Šilutė and Tauragė call the inhabitants of Klaipėda Klaipėdiškiai, o Klaipėdos krašto gyventojai — Klaipėdiečiai. In the vicinity of Kairiai (Šiauliai district) of some villager to name the adverb used to ga -iškis, -ė, which is useful when talking ir about a temporary visitor. The inhabitants of the area are known as the Aiguénois. -ietis, in -ė Vedic. This is the case ir in the Salcininkai district. In many places su suffix -ietis, used to -ė name the inhabitants of larger cities (vilnietis, kaunietis, panevėžietis, šiaulietis). The Suvalkians, when using other suffixes, refer to the inhabitants of Zinomesniu places as the derivatives of the suffixes -ietis, -ė, e.g. kaunietis, šakietis (Alk, Kdl), and the suffixes -iškis, -ė are needed in the case of talking about people from smaller settlements or when they want to say the place from where a person came who was temporarily there, but did not live there, e.g. : Shaki people came (those who were in Shaki) Nm. In Kuršėnai, when describing the former place of residence of the visitor, they also use the suffix -iškis, -ė, e.g. : Are you already sleeping in Riga? LKŽ XI 594 (Krš). This suffix is also appropriate here when speaking about a person temporarily absent: Rygiškiai dar neparvažiavo LKŽ XI 594 (Krš). In the Varena region, when talking about people who are not locals but live elsewhere or met outside their place of residence, the suffix -iškis, -ė is used (Kauniškiai came. Other times they are translated by descriptive names, and the suffix -ietis, -ė is rare and used by almost the younger generation. As we see, the suffix -ietis, -ė in dialects is only secondary. It seems that its descendants were initially called neighbours, inhabitants of nearby neighbourhoods, People from larger settlements. Šnekamojoje kalboje ir dabar -ietis, -ė vedinių daugiausia tarmių paribiuos. In literary language, the Vedic names of persons according to their place of residence or place of residence are made almost exclusively with the suffix -ietis, -ė." For these 7 Plg. Grammar of the Lithuanian language. —V., 1965, vol. 1, p. 411 (hereinafter ‘LKG’). 140 Vedic names succeed to take hold probably because for phonetic reasons with suffix -iškis, -ė is not always possible to make names of inhabitants. Even Žemaičiai, who speak almost only -iškis, -ė vedic, have tryškiečiai (: Tryškiai). They are also known as the Triškiai man (Rdn). Tauragė raj. The inhabitants of the village are called the "Priests". The inhabitants of Kupiškis, Anykščiai region, Rokiškis district and their nearest neighbors often make nomina regionalia with the suffix -ėnas, e.g. : That he was from Anykščiai, I knew from the language LKŽ 1 141 (An). The 1967-68 DFB-Pokal (German: 2. The 927 is the successor of the 926 (Kp). The 1990s saw the development of the 1991-92 season, which saw the club winning the FA Cup, the FA Community Shield, and the FA Community Shield Cup. The speakers of the language are Brž. 816) 816 – John of Gaunt (d. The vedas of this suffix in the mentioned places sometimes denote not a specific settlement, but the inhabitant of those surroundings, the representative of the dialect, e.g.: salamiestėnas, kupiškėnas, vabalninkėnas, kupreliškėnas (Slm), juodupėnas, rokiškėnas, anykštėnas (On). To say that an inhabitant is from the town itself, local people say: salamiestietis, alizavietis, antašavietis, papilietis, rokiškietis, juodupietis (Slm) or obeliškis, kamajiškis (Rk), čedasiškis (On), biržiškis (Skp). In comparison: the inhabitants of Tilžė and Ragainė neighborhoods were called tilžėnai (Shu) and ragainénai (Ragainėnai i tur its dialect LKŽ XI 14 (Pgg), and the inhabitants of those cities —tilžiškiai and ragainiškiai (Sha). As we can see from the map, the -ėnas adverbs are also found in other places in Lithuania. in the area of Širvintiškiai —kiauklėnai, šašuolėnai Šš, čiobiškėnai Cb; in the Utenish dialect — uZpalénai Sdk, kuktiskénai (That person is maybe a kuktiskénas? LKZ VI 809 (Ut); In Ignalina region —daugéliskénai (There are no longer anywhere such singers as daugėliškėnai LKŽ II 313 (Dglš), tverečėnai (Tverečėnai call the people of Adutiškis cross-cutters (Ad); in the western Samogitian area —plikėnai Grg, grabupénai Grdm; In Klaipėda region, the inhabitants of Viesvile —viešulvėnai Jrb (there are also viešviliškiai); in the south of Vysoké Tatry — žaslėnai Ppr, vieviškėnai Vvs (there are also žasliškiai Žsl, vieviškiai Trak), ratnyčėnai (This land of ratnyčėnų LKŽ XI 244 (Drsk. There are no examples of the feminine form of the suffix -ėnas in the printed volumes of the Lithuanian Language Dictionary, nor in its and the LKA catalogues, although it may be used somewhere in the living language. So, can the absence of the feminine form of the genus show that at the beginning the Vedas with the suffix -ēnas were called all the inhabitants of that land in the plural form (we will talk about this further)? This is confirmed by the use of double suffixes, e.g. : Kuktiškėniškiams naravu: has railway, where you want, you can go LKŽ VI 809 (Trgn). The 1981-82 season saw a 36-18 record for the Cowboys. The language is spoken by Skp. In other words, the suffix -énčia indicates that the person is from that region, and -iškpaikslina indicates a specific place. As we can see from the given examples, the use of the -iškis, -ė, -ietis, -ė and -ėnas suffixes in the same localities is explained by their different semantic function. In some cases, the semantic difference is not pronounced or is not at all. For example, according to J. Otrembskis, in Tverečius's speech, the same function as the suffixes -iškis, -ė has also the suffix -inis, -ė. 141 It is interesting that the suffix -iškis, -ė of some place names remains in the derivatives, while the derivatives of other place names with -inis, -ė are not made, e.g. : Royals — royals, but Latakia — latakian- .” The area of use of the adverb -inis, -ė is not as wide as, for example, -iškis, -ė. Its derivatives are most often made in the Vilnius and Kaunas dialect areas and very rarely elsewhere. These vedas denote a person who lives there or who came from there, who arrived there. It should be noted that the history of the development of personal names shows that the suffixes -inis, -ė some personal names also denoted the place of origin of the person (e.g., Sudervinis —from Sudervė) or belonging (e.g., Geldinis —to Gelda, to Gelda family, to Gelda siinus)®. The -inis, -ė Vedic adverbs are used more often as adjectives than as nouns. For example: : He was also a member of the 104th Airborne Division (104th AAF). The Dūkštiniai boys release the sheet (letter) LKŽ 11 811 (Dglš). I saw one dull and single-breasted girl LKZ TI 811 (Sik). The Jewish Jewish. 1948) 1948 – Dr. William C. (b. The Priest of Tauragi Trg. This Slavic doctor told me Slv. The doctors from Pilviškiai do not try to treat, they send LKZ 1X 1029 (Plv) to Vilkaviškis. My son, you know, the beautiful KzR. Squirrel Doctor Kps. The priest KzR. The cockpit was flat. Pupiškinis Zinkevičius Šlčn. Samavinės bobos Zr. We were Svėdasų people, a branch of Svėdasų, before the First World War we separated Admiral Ryginė Petronienė (from Riga) LKŽ XI 594 (Kp). 811) 811 – 812: Otto II (r. We were attacked by Sasnavi SS. The Erzvétinis was OG 176. It was built in 1766. "Ropidinė (Ropidu villager) Krs. There were people from Varėna and Marcinkonys, and I saw people from Eišiškės. Other adjective derivatives are also used. For example: : When you see a dusty man in another city, you will immediately know that he is a dusty man LKŽ II 924 (Ds). Naumiestiškis [Įdaktaras] drives to Švėkšna LKZ VIII 592 (Vn). "BMW 950i Coupe (P15)". All the bobs of Raudėniškis are known in LKŽ XI 249 (Krš). There was a man from Alanya with the same issue in LKZ I 91 (Dbk). The women of Pabradiškės are good at making (painting) JušM. Ievutė from Varėna neither calls nor answers Pv. A doctor from Panevėžys arrived LKŽ 1X 334 (Krs). The doctor treated Ssk. "The 22-year-- old and the 22-year-- old" (PDF). There are a number of rarer derivatives. With the suffix -(in)inkas (-nykas), -ė they are more common in the Žemaičiai, elsewhere —rare, e.g.: tarbūčninkai 2g; vegetarian, vegetarian, vegetarian Vgr; archer Skd; karklininkas Krg: nesting, feeding, preiling Nd; ventininkai Prk; alkininkai Grdm; rygininské Klk; canners Jrb; molétnykai Dbg; We, hornists, she gave- * Otrebski J. Wschodniolitewskie narzecze twereckie. Grammar. —Krakow, 1934, vol. I, p. 170-172 (hereinafter referred to as — OG). * Zinkevičius Z. Min. ill., p. 241. 142 jo a nice swing LKZ XII 4 (Rdz). Those gaspadoriai, who live near Šilelis, shout shielnykas Faster. Iš Southwestern Latvia (Kurši) displaced Curonian Spit Fishermen locally called kurinieki, kopininkai (Dov). A. Jonaitytė, who has studied the influence of Latvian on the grammatical structure of Palatine West Highland dialects, notes that "due to the influence of Latvian on these dialects" the suffix -(i)nivks ~ -ininkas sometimes acquires Lithuanian suffixes -iškis, -ietis meaning, e.g. dūobelninks "inhabitant of a pit" (we were there: at those diiobelninkus Žg), ėlnioks "Elias inhabitant" (That's what the elves want) Kyb), tarbū'čnioks "The k. Inhabitant of Tarbuci" (ana po" vaidu šūuk those tarbū'čnivkai Dilb), vegérnivks "inhabitant of the district of Vegere" (vegé'rninkai da' daugau lat'v'ūoj mum Škn); ir ūž Ri'ginioks "Rygos gyventojas" (Id'uk'am, ga'l', sū*ko'm, mūsu ri*ginipkai ši' ménesi parvoz'uos ant aplavku Škn). Plg. lat. dobelnieks „duobeliškis“, ridzinieks „rygiškis“, liepajnieks „Jiepojiškis“. Mat lat. Appendix -(i)none of these dialects have their own suffixes -(i)niks equivalent, cf. borrowings: deržinioks, lat. ddrznieks; mašinikos „motoristas“, lat. mašinieks et al.” The semantic meaning of the word is unclear. For example, in Kuršēni, those who regularly travel to Riga are called rygininkai (LKŽ XI 594). In other places, this is the name given to local people who have moved to Riga, e.g. : Ale ka mis rygininkai this time do not arrive long LKŽ XI 594 (Škn). With the suffix -ytis only a few vedic names occurred, e.g.: veliuonytis Jrb, zarasytis (Nuvažiavo milicija zarasyčia Zr), šiaulytis Rdn, Lk, Akm, Trk. In general, the term also refers to a person who speaks a dialect. The Vedas are composed about su Šilutė. -ujis, e.g.: archery player (: 1996) 1910 – Lazūnas, Lithuanian lažybininkas (d. There are a few very rare derivatives. With the suffix -(i)ukas, -é kazlinuké (: Kazlų Rūda) Kps, pasėkiukai (: Pasėkė) Krkn; with prefix -(i) utis: kauniutis (: Kaunas) Ut. In addition to the above mentioned, there are also other (and more rare) species that are found in the area. For example: -onas, -ė, -(i)onis, -ė: rygionis, -ė Brž, Ps, Grž: During the war rygionai had begun to leave Riga LKŽ XI 594 (Lnkv); biržionis, -ė: Maybe a man will understand, what biržionys (biržėnai) čekčioja LKŽ II 62 (Trgn); vilnionis, -ė Mlt; salakonas, -ė: Both true salakonai, only Antanas had left Slk. Salakonas and ardamas dances, without him and belly plays Ds. The Salanons speak Alv differently. Salakony and dance, and weave Ds; narčionis, -ė Zt. A. Vidugiris compares the latter example with the old borrowed word miesčionis of similar meaning and use and notes that in the vicinity of Zietela the derivative narčioniškis is used more often than nardionis*® to name the inhabitant of the village Narčiai, 10 This is Joniškio raj. Skaistgirio and Žagarė districts, Šiauliai region. Gruzdžių, Šakynos and Šiupylių districts and Akmenės district. "Snoopy's Neighborhood Snooker". Jonaitytė A. The influence of Latvian language on the grammatical structure of Palatine West Highland dialects. - Kn. : Lithuanian Language Studies, vol. 9, p. 174-175. 12 See. Vidugiris A. Min. str., p. 157. 143 -(i)okas, -ė. “The names of persons with this suffix, made of the iš tų real names of persons’ places of residence, sometimes having a ir side-shade of derogatory meaning (in addition to the — meaning of origin), used almost exclusively in Southern Highland dialects se (Alytus, Kaišiadorys, Kapsukas, Veisiejai), for example: kaišiadoridkas, -ė, kauniokas, -ė, lazdijokas, -ė, palomenidkas, -ė, prienidkas, +-ė, seirijokas, -ė, veisiejokas, -ė“*“. Occasionally, there are other ir su (especially Slavic) derivatives of prepositions, e.g. raguvekas, traupekas Tršk, Vilnius Zr, švenčenskas Ck, ignalinskas Ign, adutin Ad, smėlinskis Zr, paringuckas Ign, druskineckas Lzd, butrimancas Šlčn kt. ir Limbs -is derivatives are few. Ju more common In the dialects of Pakruojis, Radviliškis, Panevėžys, Ukmergės districts. For example: : Linkuva: linkuvis, -ė Sdb. We, the inhabitants of Žeimelis (Žeimiečiai), speak the same language, the Livonians speak the same language, the Pašvitiniečiai speak the same language again. Linkuvės very beautiful mills were woven by LKŽ VII 551 (Lnkv). We are feeding in new bait, and the linkuviai are feeding LKZ TI 1016 (Rz). Pušalotas: pusalotis, -é. Lithuanian songs recorded in the district of Pušaločiai and Veliuona LKŽ XI 105 (JD title page). Šeduva: šeduvis, -ė Rz, Klov, Sdb, Pšš, Sml, Rm. He's already mastered Rd. The 15th century saw the arrival of the 100 cents. He's a master, and I'm a terrible Bsg. 1569) 1569 – John of Gaunt, Scots bishop (b. The Baisogalians are very different from the Sheduvians in their language LKZ 1 569 (Šd). 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) 124 (1996) Raguva: raguvis, -ē. Where are you from? —Raguvė LKŽ XI 43 (Ukm). 2nd ed. pp. 398. I fled from the cold doctors Mr. The outer walls of the crypt were covered with marble. 2nd ed., ed. by Dg. As we can see from the map, the areas of use of the operative means almost coincide with the areas of dialects. More productive suffixes alternate with more dialectic ones, forming duplicate synonymous forms (especially on the borders of dialects). The distribution of means of production is therefore determined by the linguistic (dialectal) unity of the population. Semantically, it is possible to distinguish not only a group of derivatives, Denoting persons according to origin or affiliation, but also a group of derivatives, which Denotes a larger group of People, united by common activities, participating in some event, e.g. : What would rain on those Calvary (Calvarie indulgence participants) LKŽ V 165 (Als). In dialects of names made with suffixes, especially with the suffix -iškis, -ė. Perhaps the most important reasons for the prevalence of the suffix -ietis, -ė are grammatical: 1) nomina regionalia with the suffix -ietis, -ė are usually used only as nouns; Names with the suffix -iškis, -ė are used not only as nouns, but also as adjectives, e.g. : Many people of Perloja lived only from mushrooms LKŽ IX 839 (Alv) and Perloja baron LKŽ IX 839 (K. Big); Vilniškiai has already been used in Pv and Vilniškė publika DZ 940; 2) it is used to 18 LKG, vol. I, p. 413. 144 form both masculine and feminine names (e.g., with the suffix -ėnas, which is widely used by the eastern Highlanders, usually only masculine names are formed); 3) suffixes -ietis, -ė Vedic stylistically neutral (this cannot be said, for example, about Vedic with suffix -okas: Lazdijokai even harsher speak LKŽ VII 213 (Rdm). The fact that the suffixes -iškis, -ė are still used in dialects could perhaps be explained by: 1) the old tradition of such use (especially in Žemaitija, Dzūkija and partly in Altaja); 2) suffixes -iškis, -ė in nouns of adjectives'*, It should be noted that, regardless of the suffix with which the names are made, they are often used in the plural form, e.g. : Turgun met all Avily LKŽ I 526 (Avl). In 2006, there were 348 LKŽ II (Dbk) in Anykščiai. There are no such singers anywhere as the Daugeliškėnai LKŽ II 313 (Dglš). The people of Papilėniškis love the songs LKŽ TX 362 (Pp). This is the case in other languages as well. Special Russian dictionaries present the plural form as the main and primary! *, It seems that the explanation that plural is “convenient in that it expresses the idea of a group without specifying the gender of the persons who make it up” would be quite justified here! *., As a result, the names acquire greater semantic abstraction. The plural pronoun is even conjugated, acquiring a more general lexical meaning and already performing the function of a local circumstance in the sentence. For example: : Višur skurdutės (skudučiai) pas mus biržiečiuose RdN. It is located at 3111 N. 3rd Street (now 3111 N. 3rd St.). The LCZ IX 331 (Pnd) does not say this. For three years I have lived in Palanga (in the vicinity of Palanga) LKŽ IX 238 (Ms). He lived and learned to say douna, peins LKZ 1X 362 (Krš). I have lived in Rietavaikiu two times LKŽ XI 582 (Jdr). He was a member of the IMB. The language is spoken by 2,000 people. Svėdasiškiuos are already beginning to mow rye Dbk. Son svėdasiniuos was an agronomist Adm. It is also important to note that not all of these names are intended to be used in the same way, and that some of them may have different meanings. This is due to the phonetic and morphological structure of the placename. Instead of conclusions, we will present some fact-affirming remarks: 1) If the place name itself has the suffix -iškis, which is added to the stem ending in a consonant k (e.g., Grinkiškis, Duokiškis, Karsakiškis, Rokiškis), then nomina regionalia in such case are never made with the suffix -iškis, apparently in order to avoid phonetic repetition (it would be grinkiškiškis, etc.). 14, "About the creation of the 4th wing," pp. 14. English Grammar, Vol. 1, p. 574. 15 Chalapa Ha3Baunit xureneit PCOCP. —M., 1964; Cnosaps Ka3sBanuit xureneit CCCP, — M., 16 1975, CnoBapb Ha3Banuii xureneit CCCP, —M., 1975, c. 145