Lietuvių kalbos a-kamieniai veiksmažodžiai (tipas „bėgti“)

LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES SANDAROS INVESTIGATOR MAY LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS MAY, XXVI (1987) AUDRONĖ JAKULIENĖ LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES 4-CAMPIONI VERBS (TYPE BEGTI) "Dictionary of Lithuanian Language" I— XIII t., "Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian ir Language" in other sources 8 CėC type verbs: three basic, used a) throughout the Lithuanian language area bėgti, ėsti, sėsti, three dialectal kėsti — b) — „to intend, to want“, pėksti ‘screaming (about birds)“, sėkti „cut, engrave“, irregular, whose a-kamiené c) du present tense structure does not match semantics from the point of view su of contemporary ir Lithuanian language is unusual — Feed „aprimti, atlyžti“, (pa)kėzti „to swell, to bleed“. The morphological structure of these verbs in the present past tense is discussed, its ir variation in dialects, morphological structure of the root, ir semantics, operative relations. ir (synchronousir ly diachronic). All three main verbs in the dialect sėkti can be ir considered Praindo-European, because they have a corresponding in related languages (<ide. *bhėg*-, *(H)éd-, *sėdir *sėk-). In addition to thematic forms of the main verbs in the present time, athematic forms can be used in dialects and writing monuments. As etymological data show, the oldest athematic verb is considered to be ėsti, a relatively old and athematic form of sit. The verb běžet can be reconstructed as thematic (thematic forms new), old and thematic forms of other verbs. In addition to thematic forms with zero affix, forms with the preposition in are used not only in the Baltic languages, but also in other Indo-European languages. The most diverse is the present tense structure of the verb sit (in dialects, ancient writings and related languages, there are both athematic and thematic forms with a zero affix, prepositions in and sf, intarpinés and reduplicative forms). The present tense forms of dialectal and irregular verbs are questionable — some of them can also be interpreted as idresp. Stachymenium. The present tense forms vary in the Baltic dialects: the use of 4 or é-kamieniy forms is usually related to semantics, as well as to the structure of the present tense. The equivalents in other related languages are usually thematic aorists (it is noteworthy that the equivalents of CeC-type verbs are mostly sigmatic aorists). The root of the verbs in question lies. It's her. ė (a fractional preposition indicates that there was an old movable paradigm) ~sl. č, but in other related languages there is 113 usually a short ě (rarely o, 0). The elongation of the Baltic and Slavic roots is apparently inseparable from the formation of the opposition of times. The consonantization of C type verbs is characterized by the fact that C, can be different. consonants (only the verb ėsti begins with a null consonant, but historically it is possible to guess that there was a laryngal), and C, —the necessarily explosive consonant. Irregular verbs and dialectal peepsti differ significantly from the basic ones in the morphological structure of the root (there may be a strong prefix, and C, — blowing consonants or consonant conjugation). Both in root consonantism and semantics, the basic verbs and the dialectic sėkti (partly kėsti) are close to the CeC type verbs—mostly denoting movement and changing the structure of an object. The verbs in question are usually used to make various types of iteratives – causatives. The oldest Vedic adverbs —ide. *eje (~balt. 7), *a, balt. *in(a); very old derivative of the verb sit with suffix *é, denoting a state (sit). Thus, the true CīC type verbs (as the analysis of the various conjugations has shown, they do not include the irregular ones and the dialect pėkšti) form a fairly cohesive structural-- - the semantic type. The dialectal pėkšti and the irregular kėzti and lėšti differ in all respects from the above group and are most likely to be considered as new imitation-type derivatives. KOPHEBbIE IMIATMOJIbi HA -A B JIHTOBCKOM S13bIKE (THI BEGTI) Pe31roMe B I-XIII Tomax CijioBapsi TMTOBCKOr'O S3bIKa H B APYIMX HCTO4HHKAX OOGHapyxeHO 8 KopHeBEBIX INIaroJIOB Tuna CėC: run, eat, sit | m. -e.* bhėgt „Gexars“, *(H)éd-„ecrsL“, *sēd-,cecTs, CHJETL“/; TOJILKO B ĮiMaJIEKTAX H3BecTHEIe sėkti (<u. -e. *sék-,ceun, pe3arTs“), késti „HaMepeBarbes“ |/<G6anxr. *(s)ket-“pacumapsres, xBaTrATs“/, pėkšti „kKprmuarL (O rrTHIIax)“ H HeperyJISp-- Hele (crpyKTYpa He COOTBETCTBYET CeMaHTHKe) kėzti „myxmyrTs“ x Iėšti “ycnOKOHTELCSA, YMEHbLNIHATbCSH“, B mpe3eHce IpanH/I06BporešcKHX raroios bégti, valgti, sėkti paJIOM Cc JIDEBHHMH TeMATHYECKHMH (dopMaMu Ha -« (K. -e. 0/e) B JmajiekKTAX IMCbMEHHOCTH H B POJICTBEHHbIX A3bIKaX VIIOTDEOIISIOTCA TEMATHYECKHE (opmel japyroro tama (CyOdOHKcaJILHLIE, HHĖOKHKCAJILH5IE, DEĮYTUIMIUIKpOBAHHbIe- ), a TaKxe aTeMATH4UecKHe bOopMEI. I'm going to eat, CaMbIe pa3HOoO0Gpa3HbIE IIpe3eHTHbLIC (DOpMBbI —sit. B GanTmiickux s3eikax (DOpMbI IpONeHNNIETO BpeMeHH HA H Ha € HaXOJISTCHA B TecHONH B3aMMOCBS3H C IIDpDE3€HTHLIMH (dOopMaMH H C CEMAHTHKOM rJIaroJia. B pOACTBEHHBIX A3BIKAX HM COOTBETCTBYIOT pa3Hbie IpeTepHTajbHble (DODpMEI, OJĮHAKO Halle BCEro BCTpeYaeTcs TEeMATHYeCKH aOpHuCT. I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry. Kpome Toro, HM cBoiicTBeHHa onpesenennas OOHOMOpOĖOJIOTHYUEeCKAS CTpYKTypa KOpPHSA: B3DbIBHBIE COTJIACHBIE B aycllayTe, JIATOBCKas HECXOISINAs /JATHIIICKAs NpepbiBUCTas HHTOHAILMA,. Mak 4 npamnpoeBponeickux riarona (0TYacTH H JIMAJIEKTHEINŪ kėsti) COCTABIAIOT €OHHYIO CTpyKTYp-- HO-CEMAHTHYECKYIO Irpymny. B 3Ty rpymry He BOHCHIBAIOTCA 06a HeperyiaspHBIX Ijarojia u JaHa-nexTHLIN pėkšti. Cxopee BCEro OHH SBJISIOTCA HOBOOOPA30BAHMAMHM WMHTATHBHOTO THIIA. 114