Veiksmažodžių abstraktų darybos tipų istorinė kaita

LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE SANDARS STUDIES LITHUANIAN LINGUISTICAL QUESTIONS, XXVI (1987) SAULIUS AMBRAZAS HISTORICAL CHANGE OF THE WORDS WORKING TYPES OF WORDS WORKING TYPES PARADIGMA!. The most important place in it is occupied by one or several productive types, the significance of the work of which coincides with the significance of the entire category. They are the semantic center of the category, and other types of action with narrower or more specialized meanings are its periphery. The aim of this article is to review changes in the semantic center of the abstract (nomina actionis; hereinafter —NA) category of Lithuanian verbs. In modern Lithuanian, the center of the NA category consists only of the -imas/-ymas derivatives. They can be made from any verb and usually retain the categorical meaning of action or state*. Limb derivatives are now peripheral. They are often used in contemporary language with specialized meanings and often go along with terms from various fields®. When examining the abstracts of verbs in the writings of the 16th—17th centuries, it becomes clear that the situation of this category was different at that time. The derivatives of the endings, which now have more specific or specialized meanings, were still used in the ancient writings simply as the names of actions. This can be seen from the following examples, NA battle in M. Daukšos Postilas still has only the meaning of “beating”: mufBiu ptaBtakų ir kūm/ciu... kąkino WieBpatį DP 167193, (t. p. 16044, 1614, 55; orig. bicie, karanie, policzki, razy®). It was used in the same sense in many other XVI — 17th-century Lithuanian language monuments (VInE 42,,, 51,; BB Pat 17,10; 18,8; 20,30; 28, 6; Lex 75, 84a; SD? 13; SIG II 81,; Ch! Luke 12,18; Acts 16,18; 2 PvK 6,5; 11,23; 11,24; 1 Ptr 2,24). The meaning of "fight, battle," typical of the present language, the derivative battle is found only in a few places in ancient writings: Bitwd. Pugna. Coffee | mufis SD? 1 Wellmann H. German word formation: types and trends in contemporary language. 2nd head. The noun. —Diisseldorf, 1975, S, 19—20; Mopoxosckas D. SI, OcnoBubie acIiektGI OONIEŽ TEODHH JIKHTBHCTHYUECKHX Mmozmeneit. —Kues, 1975, c. 82; Ilsiragenro I'. II. 1998-1999 O CJIOBOOGpa3OBATEJILHOH MapajurmMe —OJIHOM H3 KOMIIOHEHTOB TEOpHH CJIOBOOGpa30BAHHA. — B xx. : Vi3ysenne TpaMMATHUeCKOTO CTDOS M ItperroJiaBaHHe TpaMMATHKH B By3e H mkone (Marepzajisi Bcecoro3Hoit koud.). Kunmues, 1976, c. 72—73; Mypsicos P. 3. O cjioB006pa30BaTeJIbHEIX rtapajarMAx. —B KH. : Ciosoo6pasosanne u Opa3s006pa3oBanue: Tes. noxs. Haydn. KOHO. | M., 1979, c. 57-59, 2? Plg. Furdik J. The development of the Slovak word-making. —Bratislava, 1971, p. 16. 3 Urbutis V. Theory of word formation. V., 1978, pp. 161, 215, 268-269. 4 Keinys S. Galūninė terminų daryba. - Kn. : Social Linguistics Problems (Lithuanian Linguistics Issues), V., 1979, t. 19, p. 167—168. 5 Kudzinowski Cz. Indeks-stownik do ‘Daukšos Postilė’ (hereinafter referred to as ‘KI’). —Poznan, another 1977, t. 1, s. 647. 88 17 (t. p. SD? 21, 136); Battle of Abazo Mupis Lex 35; mufis (Battle) PK 535, plg. similar meaning ‘homicide (Murder)“: Karaliftes jiames iefko ... waydays muSieys ir SP II 155,;. NA Zinia in the ancient scriptures marks only ne “information”, but ir ‘knowledge’. In the latter sense, this derivative is particularly often used K. Sirvydo Points. Iš 26. uses In 23, the NA message has a meaning "knowledge- ", e.g. gituma žinios ape wifa kas | deftis I 14,5. Words umiejetno$é, wiadomosč, in which translated K. Sirvydo Zinia, in the old Polish language also meant "knowledge, knowledge." This value has mė been ir recorded in other XVI — In the a. 17th century, e.g. : Dok us pine druktibe ir showed MZ 535; tobius mok/flo ... or žinids fawos DP 436, plg. but Szinne (Understanding) BB Pat acc. 5,12; s.g. szinné (Wiseness) Ps 7,4; The message was discovered Rožančiaws GIS II 714; have a fine wifu habit Ch* ApD 26,3. In modern dialects, the meaning has ši only been preserved in emphasized compounds: my short message "a little I know" Dec: a lot of knowledyr ge in mind "I know a lot" Psv (LKZK). Same value M. Daukšos In the post-it you have ir NA knowledge: from knowledne ge iptikeiimo fawo knew 404; (orig wiadomos¢). In modern dialects, this derivative is used with a more special meaning "knowledge" ("knowledge, knowledge"). XVIThe a. correspondir ing suffixes of marker XVII -tis vedinys pažintis"). The opposite value — "ignorance" in the ancient scriptures had NA. not known, e.g. : kas waik/czioia tamfumūfia (no knowledir ge of knuckles) DP 510, (t. p. 23455, 29915, 52833, 6105; — orig. unknown); Niešvjadomošči | Imprudentia. Non-approval does not affect SD* 218 (t. p. SP I 10453, 1175, 248,,, 29444; II 8,5, 314, 112,). The word NA "unknown" is often used to mean "unknown" or "unknownness". NA prayer, the be dominant meaning of "appeal to į god; the text of this appeal”, in 16th-17th century writings still occasionally used with the meaning of “request” (in M. Daukša’s 2 iš 200): / Christ] we are seen tefia fawefp DP 380,5 (t. p. 5455, — orig. request); klaufik balfa maldos (tais. i afuftoghimo) mana BB Ps 28,2 (t. p. Ps 31,23 — orig. begging); malda (Please) Job 6,8; Lex 18; Vorbitt malda Lex 101a; Projba | Petitio, precatio. Prayer SD3 346 (similar to some later "letters, see LKZ VI 790). The meaning of "request" agrees with the Inmollsenon meaning of the verb *mel-| "to speak, to ask", which until now has been retained by the verb melsti "to ask". In the 16th century, it was fixed in the meaning of “prayer”: daboiefi prafchimo mana BB Ps 66,19 (orig. Prayer, t. p. Mz 3625, NA nuolaida, now having various specialized and specific meanings 3655, 3925, 393,). (LK Ž VIII 934), in M. Daukšos Postilae was still the name of the process: nig uptekéiimo Jaules net’ ik’ nūlaidai garbūs yrd wdrdas io 487,,. "Reczek S. Podreczny stownik dawnej polszczyzny" (in Polish). —Wroclaw etc., 1968, p. 548. ? Ambrazas S. Abstracts of Priesaginés's working verbs in M. Daukšos Postilé. — Kalbotyra, 1983, vol. 34(1), p. 80. 8 Szemerėnnyi O. Principles of Etymological Research in Indo-European Languages. —In: Ethnology and Ethnomusicology /Hrsg. by R. Schmitt. Darmstadt, 1977, S. 338—345 su lit. ; HBanosB Bsu. Bc. Hi there, I'm the owner of this site. —M., 1981, sometimes used in later writings, e.g.: nuolaidos (i.e. landing) virvė LC 1884, 5 (LKŽ VIII 934). c 171, 89 In the 16th—17th centuries, NA pusaka had the meaning of “story”: Neniekink.- .. pafakos wirefnių DP 6652 (t. p. 16644, 27241, 37133, 4755, —orig. powieszcz, przypowiesc®); On that pafaka dkis stand SIG II 20,4 (similar to II 21,, 26,); nothing else would be done, as if they were new clothes Ch* Acts 17,21 (cf. PvTit 1,14; PK 48,,); We call her Hiftoria, because she ufrakina... tykrq pafakq ape tey, what nufidawe Ch Job (introduction) (cf. Ex. (introduction); Shh! 2 PvTm 4,4). NA attack (attack) in the 16th—17th centuries meant “disaster; half; „unexpected event“: ij¢ Swetimy priepūlių | mokikites DP 65, (11x —orig. przypadek, przypadlosé, przygoda'- ®); wifoki priepuoley (wpelakie praypddki) SP I 109, (t. p. II 14,); 1. sg. wifokiame pripūliy SIG II 2.5 (in Zadnia przygoda; vol. p. II 164, 404); Case | prgygoda. Cafus repentinus, euentum Attack of SD? 364 (t. p. SD* 147, 148, 171; SD? 242, 319, 364, 414, 446); Zufall pripilis, prigadas Lex 110a (similarly PK 73,4, 112,,, 251,... 9x; AK 85,5; BK 54,,; Ch! 1 PvK 7,15); iB przypuło takiego iflifutas (w swym upadku... podZwigniony'?). The now common meaning, disease markejimas® is quite new; it is fixed only XX a. In Saltiniuose®®. The fact that in the 16th—17th centuries the derivatives of the endings had preserved the categoring NA meaning better than in the present language is also shown by the fact that the same terminological meaning was often given not only to the derivative of the ending, but also to the derivative of the suffix -imas|-ymas, used for acceleration, or to some other prepositional NA. For example, M. Daukša used the suffix -mė in the specialized meaning of “religious crime” in addition to the ending of the vedic word oddžia (187x) in the form of the vedic word nuodėmė (K. Sirvydas and S. M. Slavočinskis — only the latter), and in the ancient writings of Lesser Lithuania there is also the word nuodėmė. The same meaning has the rare derivative of the suffix -tis (grzech) AK 2351, 3628, 3948.21; BK 64, 16,3. The -ė derivative of the ending gailé is used in K. Sirvydas' writings not only in the categorical meaning of "pity" (e.g. Zal | jalowdnie | šdlošč. Poenitentia, dolor. Gayli/ta | gaile SD? 520), but also in the meaning of "repentance" (e.g. Sakramento gailes —Sakramenta pokuty SP II 1304) in conjunction with the other derivative of the ending gailius (pokuta) SP I 159,, and the prepositional derivatives gailysta, gailystėjimas, e.g. : If | Punitentia, poena, mulcta, fatisfactio pro defectibus fufcepta. Gaylifta | gayle SD* 319; daritu gaylifti aju fawo nufideiimus (34 graech fwoy pokutowal) SP II 1165; acc. s.g. gayliftawimu (pokuta) SP I 57,4, Other authors of the 16th—17th centuries used prepositions NA for this purpose: gailėjimas(is) DP 143x; SE 1235; AK 10,_3, 24,; BK 235; gailesys (gailesis) ® Kudzinowski Cz. KI, t. 2, s. 50. 10 Kudzinowski Cz. KI, t. 2, s. 153. 1 Lebedys J. Dictionary. - Kn. : Slavocinskis S. M. Hymns suitable for Catholic faith. V., 1958, p. 502. 12 Lebedys J. Idem. 13 Plg, also Būga K. Rinktiniai raštai /Sud. Z. Zinkevičius, —V., 1959, t. 2, p. 39. 14 Plg, dar Zinkevičius Z. A few remarks in Lithuanian XVI17th a. Century Lexicon. — Kn. : Problems of Social Linguistics (Questions of Lithuanian Linguistics). V., 1979, t. 19, p. 121— prisivertimas 122. 90 MZ 3353; Vln 6915; BP II 2295; MT 244, 54,, 6111, 6719 ...; DP 6x; pity pity SE 57544, 2574; BK 43,5; BP 6x; melting (is) Wine, VInE 4x; BP 2x. In most cases, while retaining a categorical meaning, the NA XVI — In the 17th a. century, semantic differences between the derivatives of the suffix -imas[-ymas were minimal. In the old scripts there is a tendency not to use the suffix -imas|-ymas in synonymous derivatives of the Vedic endings made su by the verb itself. iš to XVILimb a. constructions in Lithuanian monuments of the XVII century NA, without the corresponding -imas|-ymas derivatives, usually form from to 48 9094, o among ty, which have such concomitant derivatives, the ending derivatives are used more frequently than the corresponding -imas|-ymas suffixes NA. The relationship between these NA groups varies in different texts. This was influenced by two circumstances: the 1) total amount of limb productioNA n; the 2) authors’ tendency to use synonyms. Where relatively few limbs NA are made, corresponding suffixes are less ir common su -ing/-ing. Yes, it is. Lithuania Minor in the writings (Mž, Vln, BP, BB ir kt ). For B. example, in the Wilens writings the su appropriate Vedic suffix -imas|-ymas has only endings 99, NA. In the scriptures of Greater Lithuania, where the NA end-word works are significantly more, the ir corresponding su Vedic suffixes are used more often -im|-im. Most of such proximities are M. Daukšos In the post office? *, which is generally characterized by the ir abundance of synonyms ivairumul®. In the meantime M. Daukšos In the Catechism, where synonyms are fewer, the corresponding suffixes -imas|-ymas derivatives 17% have about the end-forms NA. XVIXVII many a. types of limb construNA ction (especially venous su limbs) -a, -is|-ys, -ia) were more productive than they are now. In most of to the period's writings, the ending NA is more than the prepositional (except for the -imas|-ymas derivatives of the preposition). NA is particularly common in the writings of M. Daukša, K. Sirvydas, S. M. Slavočinskis. Many of the terminal derivatives used in the 16th-17th century writings are either not used at all or are very rare. For example, 469% of the NAs of this group, recorded in K. Sirvydo Points, are not characteristic of the present language, 28% — M. 26% of the population, i.e. Petkevičius' Catechism, 22% —S. M. Slavočinski's hymn. The data presented here suggests that the semantic center of the NA category of action in the 16th—17th centuries consisted not only of the -imas|-ymas derivatives of the suffix (as is the case now), but also of the derivatives of the endings. The adverb -imas|-ymas is only independent in the Lithuanian language. development period!". Even in older times, from which we do not have written sources, the semantic center of the NA category was made up of some ending derivatives, which occupy an important place in the paradigms of other related languages. 15 Ambrazas S. Abstracts of the verbs in the Postila of M. Daukša. —Baltistica, 1980, vol. 16(1), p. 68. 16 Plg, Tangl E. The Accusativus and Nominativus cum Participio in Old Lithuanian. — Weimar, 1928, S. 8—11; Skardžius P. Daukša the first creator of a common language in Greater Lithuania. —Archivum Philologicum, 1933, vol. 4, p. 12, 15; Lebedys J. The 1930s in Lithuania. V., 1963, pp. 308-318. 7 Ambrazas S. On the development of abstract verbs with suffix -imas/-ymas. — Baltistica, 1983, vol. 19(1), pp. 66-69. 91 NA took hold before the first written monuments appeared, perhaps in the era of the Slavic language union'! ?, Many of these types of Vedas have been found in Indo-Iranian languages since ancient times!®. In classical Greek, the endings *-4-NA*?? were very common. In the ‘Germany’ language group, the NA endings (especially with the ending *-0-) are most typical of the Gothic and Old Germanic High Germanic languages*? *!, Many researchers associate the spread of the limb derivatives, which occurred at different times in individual Indo-European languages, with the differentiation of the masculine and feminine genders and the associated increase in the productivity of the 0 and 4 stems*?- *?. + Before the spread of ending derivatives in the NA paradigm of Indo-European languages, the privileged place was occupied by derivatives with the formants *-fei-/-tiir *-teu-|-tou-|-tu-, which had different meanings- *?“. From NA with the formant *-fubaltic emerged the aim, and in Prussian — also to communicate with the formant -tvei. However, in the eastern Baltic languages, this type of action lost productivity early. From the old NA with the formant *-ful in Lithuanian and Latvian 18 Meite A. OOmecnassuckuit a351K, —M., 1951, c. 273; Bepnurrein C, 5. 1974. pp. 10. "Yepenmosammst, VMmenunie OcHOBa, —M., 1974, €". 276—277, 302-333; Vondrak W. Comparative Slavic Grammar. —Göttingen, 1924, vol. 1, pp. 494 ff. ; Stawski F.j The outline of Prastovian stowotwolnictwo. —In: Stownik prastowianiski. Wroclaw etc., 1974, vol. 1, pp. 58–61; Wojtytla- -Swierzowska M. Praslowianskie nomen agentis. —Wroclaw etc., 1974, pp. 12-16. 1» Wackernagel J., Debrunner A. Ancient Indian grammar. —Gottingen, 1954, Bd. 2, T. 2, S.219-235,- 238—251; Burrow T. The Sanskrit Language. —London, 1959, p. 123 ff. ; Tepuenbepr JI. Ta. Mopdonorayeckasst CTPYKTYpa cJtoBa JPEBHHX HHIOHPAHCKHX S35IKOB. — JI., 1972, c. 240, 245; Enusapenkosa T. SI. 'pammaraka Bemmiickoro si351Ka. —M., 1982, c, cm. 136 20 Debrunner A. Greek word formation. —Heidelberg, 1917, S. 141-142; Chantraine P. The Formation of Nouns in Ancient Greek. —Paris, 1933, p. 19-23; Arend E. Verbalabstrakta bei Herodot und ihre Vorgeschichte. Partial print: The Verbabstrakta on -oc and -n. —Berlin, 1936, pp. 13-41. 21 Bahder K. The verb abstracts in the Germanic languages. —Halle (Saale), 1880, pp. 40 ff. ; Meid W. Germanic linguistics. Bd. 3. Word formation. —Berlin, 1967, S. 59—60; Hinderling R. Studies on the strong verbal abstracts of Germanic. —Berlin, 1967, pp. 42 ff. ; I'm sorry, I'm sorry. —M., 1963, T. 3, c. 76-1717. 22 Plg, Burrow T. Op. cit., p. 121 ff. ; Gagnepain J. The Greek nouns in -oc and -&: Contribution to the study of the genus in Indo-European. —Paris, 1959; Kurylowicz J. The Inflectional Categories of Indo-European. —Heidelberg, 1964, p. 216-217; Birnbaum H. Indo-European Nominal Formation Submerged in Slavic. —In: The Slavic Word: Proceedings of International Slavistic Colloquium at UCLA/Ed. by D.S. Worth. The Hague, 1972, pp. 162—163; Maziulis V. The Relationship of the Baltic and Other Indo-European Languages (Declination). —V., 1970, p. 306-308; Georgiev V. I. The Luvian Abstrakta auf-ahi, the Hittite Nomina actionis auf-(a)ai and the @ voice. —KZ, 1974, Bd. 88, H. 1, S. 121; Watkins C. The representation of the laryngeals in certain morphological categories in the Indo-European languages of Anatolia. —In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Linguistics and Linguistics. Regensburg, 9-14. September 1973/Hrsg. by H. Rix. Wiesbaden, 1975, pp. 363 ff. ; Bepumrein C. 5. Vkas3. cou., c. 134-135; Brosman P. W. The Development of the PIE Feminine. —The J. of Indo-European Studies, vol. 1982, 10, N 3—4, p. 253-272. 22 Benveniste E. Agent names and action names in Indo-European. —Paris, 1948, p. 112. 92 only a few left: lie. rain (rain), la. lictus: lie. Itti, la. bed; lie. lunch, cf. pyti “drink moisture, boil, Zliugti; to release the milk’ < ide. *pi-|poi- "to drink"?? ; la. false "deception": hope to "deceive- "; mitus (miétus) "change- ": mitiés "to change, to alter"; 1 (1st ed.). pp. 10. "About Us" (PDF). Many NAs with various formant *-teu-|-tou-|-tuvariants in Baltic languages acquired instrumental meanings. For example, in this way the names of Lithuanian language instruments with suffixes were formed -tub, -tub. In Eastern Baltic languages, the semantic center of the NA category was initially composed of vedic with the formant *-ti-. Only after this type of verb has lost its productivity, and many derivatives with the formant *-tis have become communicative forms, their place in the NA verb paradigm has been taken by the derivatives of the endings. This had to have happened in the times of the Lithuanian and Latvian language union, because in both Lithuanian and Latvian there are few?® NA with the formant *-ziy, while the derivatives of endings are abundant and a large part of them have equivalents in both languages. During the period of independent development of Lithuanian language, with the spread of the suffix -imas|-ymas NA, the functional powers of the ending derivatives began to narrow. This process is already reflected in the Lithuanian language monuments of the 16th—17th centuries. In the writings of Lesser Lithuania, NA was used much less frequently than in Greater Lithuania. For example, NA for limbs. In J. Bretkūno Postilas there is twice less than in K. Sirvydo Punktuose, which is smaller in volume. Similar is the ratio of the number of NA in the manuscript Lexicon Lithuanicum and the dictionary of K. Sirvydas. Apparently, the productivity of the NA in the Lesser Lithuania western Highland dialect decreased earlier. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the literature of Lithuania grew rapidly. There are only a few of them in the anonymous 1605 ed. In the catechisms of Bellarmine, although they are written on the basis of the eastern Altay dialect, as are the writings of K. Sirvydas, characterized by the abundance of terminal vedic. The fluctuation of the ta number of Vedic ne words in the finals may have been influenced by the fact that all ancient writings equally reflect the living language of the people. It should be noted that most of the limb derivatives we find M. Daukšos, K. Sirvydo, S. M. Slavočinski's writings, which best represent the vocabulary of the spoken language of the people of Greater Lithuania. On the other hand, pronouns -imas|-ymas derivative standardization, especially noticeable B. In the Eastern Orthodox ir Churches, the liturgical texts are written in the liturgical style. It has been observed that in the Old Slavic language, the NA ir suffixes The use of -nije|-tije vedas also depends on the style of the script*". The end recorded in the ancient monuments of the Lithuanian language to NA developmental stage, when the limb derivatives were still at the centre of the category. NA the rearrangement of the paradigm of production, which began before the beginning of writing, has ended in the last few centuries: 4 Fraenkel E. The Baltic States Languages. — Heidelberg, 1950, S. 37; Lithuanian etymology A word book. — Heidelberg, Gottingen, 1962, S. 588; Pokorny J. Indo-European etymological dictionary. — Bern, Bd. 1959, 1, S. 839—840. 25 Endzelins J. Grammar of the Latvian language. — Riga, 1pp. 1951, 380. 26 Endzelins J. Up. cit., Ipp. 380. 27 Baitau A. PYKOBOACTBO IO I'm sorry, I'm sorry. — M., 1952, c. 228. 93 in the center of this category remained one of the -imas|-ymas derivatives. The scope of use of limb derivatives has significantly narrowed. At the moment they are no longer suffixes -imas|-ymas Vedic synonyms, o have more special meanings, cf. battle ir beating, tale ir storytelling, message ir Zindjimas ir pan. In Latvian there is also a tendency to specialize the derivatives of the extremities? ?, and to denote the action process, the -Ššana prepositions are generalized and standardized, which approximately correspond NA to the Lithuanian language in terms of their place in the action paradigm. -ing|-ing derivatives. A similar process took ir place in the Slavic languages. In the Old Slavic language, the derivatives of the extremities were still used as -nije/-tije Vedic synonyms? ?. It has been found that in Old Russian the derivatives of the endings made up about all verb nouns*? ?. 8094 During the period of independent development of individual Slavic languages, the sphere of use of endings narrowed, meanings were NA specialized, adverbs mo jų o The -nije|-tije Vedic became the ir core of the NA category. Such a regrouping of verb types has been observed in Russian**, bulgary®?, Czech**, Slovak**, Polish**. Thus, we see a clear parallelism in the development of NA endings in Baltic and Slavic languages. It is particularly noteworthy ta that in both groups of languages, the place of the ending derivatives in the action paradigm was NA taken by predicative action types, which were widespread only during the independent development of the rų individual languages. *¥ Grammar of the modern Latvian literary language. — Riga, 1959, s. I, Ipp. 100, 106—108; Crynuxns B. O6pa3oBanHe TEDMHHOB TEXHHYCCKHX HAYK B JIATbLINICKOM s3bike: ABToped. IHC. ... Kana, ¢unon. HayK. — Pure, 1969, c. 12. * Batam A. Vkas. neck. c. 228-229, % Bap6or X. X. [IpeBrHepycckoe MMeHHOe Passo Sante. — M., 1969, c. 18. #1 Auerbach I. Nomina abstracta im Russian des 16. Century: Ein Contribution to History of abstract suffixes in Slavic languages. —Miinchen, 1973, pp. 118—139 with previous lit. ; Menge-Verbeeck R. Nullsuffixes and nullsuffixing in Russian: A theory of word formation. — Miinchen, 1973; Dulewiczowa I. Nomina actionis in we contemporary Russian.—Wroclaw etc., 1976,p. 17-22; Bonkos C. C. Habmonenns Bax IpOH3BOJIHbIMH Geccyd- ¢dukcubIX cymecTsuTenbabX B aKTax XVII B. (lekcudeckne HoBooGpa3osanus). - B ku. : Bompocs! "TEOpHH H HCTODpHH si3bika: COOpHHK B yecTh mpodeccopa B. A. Jlapuna. JI., 1963, c. 53 cn; OyGorpaesa M. Beccydhdukcansubie OTIIaroJIbHbIC CYNIECTBHTEJIbHbLIE B pYCCKOM si35IKe XI — XVII BB. : ABroped). Muck. ... chicken. Oujioj. Hayk. — Munck, 1970, c. 20; AxmMerosa I". XI. UmeHa I'm sorry, I'm B sorry. XV — XVI BB. (cJioB006pa30BaTeJI5HbIe THIIbI H JIEKCHKO-I'paMMATHYECKHE cBoicTBa): Asroped). Mc... chicken. Oh, shit. Hayk. —JI., 1975, c. 15, 17; Pycckas rpaMmatuka. — M., 1980, T. I, c. 220—221. #2 Szymanski T. Conjugation of nouns in Butgar texts of the 17th —18th centuries. — Wroclaw, 1968, s. 94. *2 Created words in češtinė. —Praha, 1967, pp. 592—607, 610—617; Armen B. II. CnoB00G6pa30BaHHe AČCTDpaKTHbIX CYINIECTBHTEJILHbIX B 4EIICKOM s5335IKe: ABTOped. Amc... Cassie. Good. Mayk. — Munck, 1979, c. 7-8. “4 Furdik J. "Up. cit.,'s. 54 tt. # Klemensiewicz Z., Lehr-Sptawinski T., Urbanczyk S. Historical grammar of the Polish language. —Warszawa, 1955, s. 207; Fokker A.A. Derivation of Nouns from Verbs in Contemporary Literary Polish. —Lingua, 1964—1965, vol. 13, p. 395 ff. ; Puzynina J. Names of activities in contemporary Polish language. —Warszawa, 1969, s. 34—40; Rospond S. ‘Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego. — Warsaw, Poland 1979, s. 181. 94 ABBREVIATIONS BK — Trump Moksto Krikscioniszko Assembly/Nude Roberto Belldirmino A to question-and-answer. — Vilnae, 1677. LKŽ — Dictionary of the English Language. — V., 1957—1984, t. 1—13. LKŽK — Lithuanian language dictionary. KZ — Journal for comparative Language research on the Areas of Indo-European Languages, begr. of A. Kuhn. — Berlin etc. Other abbreviations as in capital Dictionary of the English Language. HCTOPHYECKAS CMEHA CJIOBOOEBPA3OBATEJIbHbIX THUIOB HMEH JEACTBHUA Pe3:roMe B - Yeah. - Yeah. MACEMEHHOCTH 3ACBHJIETEJILCTBOBAH KOKHEI TOTO IIeEpHOJIa, Korma (DJIEKTHBHBIC TPOH3BO/IHBIC BMECTE C IDOH3BOJHLIMH C I'm sorry, I'm sorry. THYECKHH NeHTp CATEGORY MMeH CategoryTBHS (nomina actionis; B JrajisHeiineEM — na. B XVI-- XVII BB. dOurekTHBHbIe JI erte B OCHOBHOM COXDAaHSIM KATETODHAJILHOC 3HAYCHAE H YVIIOTDpEOJIAJIMCb KaK HA3BAHMA JCHCTBHI H COCTOSHHÉ, HANp. : battle ‘OuTLe’, HLIHe cpaxemmne, seizure ‘Oejia, HecuacTbe; yna]oK“, HbHE ‘TipHIraNoK’, Finid „3HaHHe, [MO3HAHWE, IOHHMAHHe“, HBIHE ‘cooOImemne, KEĒdOpMAuHa’. B TedeHHWe TIOCJIENYIONIHX CTOJIETHÉ (DJIEKTHBGLIE IIMpOKH3BOJIBBIE NOCTENCHHO CY3HJIH CĖdepy YNoTpeOJEHHSA, NOOJIYSHJIH GOJIEC CIEIMAJILHEIC BHAUCHHA H TMEpEMECTHJIKC5 B NiepAdepuro xateropun UJI. B rexrpe KareropHH OCTAJIHCB JIMIN6 IIDOH3BOJIHBIE C coOÉurcoM -im|-im. CXOIHBIA IpOLECC CIenHaJIH3anLHH (DJIEKTHBHEIX WI nabmromaercs B mePHOJZ CAMOCTOSITEJILHOTO Pa3BUTHS JIATLINICKOTO H MHOTHX CJIABAHCKHX S3BIKOB, Ile MECTO (DJIEKTHBHBIX IDOH3BOJHBEIX B Map Murme WI/I 3amsi]mm TaKxe CJIOBOOGpa30BaTeJIbHBIC THIIbI CYOOHKCAJIILHLIX IIEDOH3BOJTH5IX: B JIATLONICKOM — WJ] Ha - §ana, B CJIABAHCKHX s3bIKax — WJ ma -Not them. Ha ocrOBaHWH CpaBHHTeJILHOTO aHAM3a ŠGAJITHŪCKHX S3BIKOB BEISBJIEHA CIIEAYIOLIAs MOCJIeJĮOBATEJILBHOCTb CMEHBI CJIOBOOOpa3OBATEeJILHLIX THIIOB B CEMAHTHYECKOM IEHTDpe KaTerOpHH JSC natosckoro s3uika: 1) WI c hopmarTom *-youu *-tuo6mebantriic- (B kom); 2) UJI c hopmanTOM *-typeH- (B HeM BOCTO4HO-GanTHiickoM); 3) dnextusrbie UJI (B MO31HEM BOCTOYHO-GANTHIAC~ COM); 4) OJIeKTHBHLIe MJT BMecTe C IPOM3BOAHEIME ¢ cyddukcom -ing/-ing (B IpeBHETHTOBCxoM); 5) UJI c cybdukcom -imas/-ymas (B COBPEMEHHOM JTHTOBCKOM SI3BIKE).