Dėl frazeologizmų pateikimo „Lietuvių kalbos žodyne“

LITHUANIAN LEXICON IR TERMINOLOGY PROBLEMS LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS, XXIX (1991) KLEMENTINA VOSYLYTĖ ON THE PRESENTATION OF PHRASEOLOGISM IN THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE DICTIONARY (hereinafter referred to as — LCZ) separately (behind the (Y sign) are given constant combinations of words, called phraseologisms. A more attentive reader of the Dictionary will notice certain inconsistencies and inaccuracies. Some of them have been mentioned by Z. Jonikaitė in her article „Phraseologisms in the Lithuanian Language Dictionary“, published in the volume IV of „Lithuanian Linguistics Questions“ (V., 2008). In this article, we wanted to draw attention to other more frequently occurring inconsistencies and inaccuracies, and discuss how they should be avoided. The 1961). article mainly relies on examples į iš LKŽ XIII ir XIV volumes, if necessair iš ry, other volumes. 1. A large group of phraseologisms denotes action. The main word of the grammatical structure (grammatical dominant) of such phraseologisms is always a verb. The heading of these phraseologisms, as is ir appropriate, usually contains the communicative form of the verb, e.g.: kdjas spdusti į "to go fast, to hurry": į eye (on the eye) spit „to humiliate, to despise“; spitting on the beard "not to pay attention"; spit fire “to blaspheme, to blaspheme”; on the neck ride (yoti) ‘exploit; torture, harassment’; legs suck off "die"; akūotą (perch) strausti „to be proud, to puff up“; 2) „to influence, to seize“, 2) „to strive, to make to love“. Occasionally there are discrepancies. ir For example, a well-presented headline of a phraseology denoting a ma form action (let go) “to teach obedience, submission”, but there also similar grammatical structure of the same function ir phraseology provided no longer verb communicate, present tense o 3rd person, e.g. į sprandq musa (Knocks) ‘requires (does not translate)’. Another obvious example of inconsistency. The phraseology shikinę smageieško po presented in volume XIII ni „habinėjasi, priekabiauja“, o volume XIV of this phraseology already a different title form — po fucking funny to look for "ask unclear, unknown, ko harass". Since all these phraseologisms denote an action, the heading of the verbs should provide a communicativjų e. Thus, the title forms of the aforementioned phraseologisms should be as follows: į (not to be po killed); Fucking smagenii search. 2. Another large group consists of phraseologisms denoting a state. Some of the forms jų coincide with the su structure of the binary sentence. E.g.: eyes stand in a column "it's getting scary"; eyes iš forehead burst (about great surprise); eyes [from something] (1) explodes, said to be 2) amazed, ką said to be trying hard); dakys slides “beautiful, 208 pleasant to watch, can not be drunk”:; farms rot “becoming a shame”; the stone slips from the heart “it becomes easier, calmer”; Gsharas twirls eye ‘becoming grainy’; aiisys svila (1) said when it is very hot), 2) “shame to hear (said when listening to bleyzgs, scary stories)”; (whose) flea "very afraid"; the clay bolster sprégo "broke up great friendship"; Nustduge diphyllum (which) “what is missing”; the head explodes [pusidu] “heavy thoughts overwhelm me”; kdilis (snout) shivers “take fear”; the kick of the inning "lived"; The feet smell of crap. ‘very outdated- ’; foot į ground smefiga "there is strength, weakness"; the collar stiffens (stuck) in the nerves “it gets scary, clumsy”; the tongue stops (is) in the column "can't speak"; tongue-in- -cheek (tongue-in-cheek) stood up to the stick "hard to speak"; the tongue sucked in (sucked out) “mustifatigo parolare- ”; feet (foots, heels, tails, feet) rot “becoming dangerous, anxious for whom”; shower shaft (about a big worry); horns subsided "the desire passed"; on the neck cube scourge ‘gresia pyla®; the brain does not lead to "dementia"; the brain softened (dried out) “the mind weakened”; sand bjra (about aged); smeftis looks (véizi) into the eyes “near death”; Smoky spotted “cares, fears that it is necessary to hurry”; snargljs outright about the (1) attentive laugh, 2) is said after a long wait); the table (tables) breaks “very many (meals)”; strangely missing "pašlijo, nesulaikė sveikata" (slipped, failed health); Swing-tailed shark "ima fear": the bristles are thrusting "encompasses excellence"; Serys pushed "angry"; shadow cruise ‘suspected- ’; the heart “becomes frightening, terrifying”; the heart stabs “anxiously”; the heart stiffens “it gets scary, crazy”; tfulžis sprégo "broke out in anger"; The winds are blowing in my head "very frivolous"; the ground slips from under your feet “it gets unsafe”. There are also comparative phraseologisms denoting a state, the form of which coincides with the structure of the binary sentence, e.g., as akmué numuško „the difficulty passed, it subsided”; as if the kdine su slipped down "very relieved"; how shiogas subsided "very relieved, became calm"; as a garbage dump whistles "noisy where". As can be seen from the given iš examples, phraseologisms, which have the same structure as the binary sentence, are given in the ir heading in the following form: singular plural noun of nouns, present tense verbs of course verbs. — ar — ko 3rd person, past tense of o verbs of the event verb — The 3rd person. Incidentally, it should be noted that the prefix ne always determines the verb. Moments and instant verbs are also event verbs, e.g. explode, break, etc. So the headings of the phraseologies already mentioned are quite well presented: the clay barrel exploded, o ne the clay block explodes; strangely lacking, o ne Strangely missing. However, in the ir presentation of phraseologisms of this type, inconsistencies are sometimes inevitable. In particular, always ne grammatical dominant noun is given — in the noun vowel, verb present tense past o tense — ar 3rd person, e.g. to dry up the belly to the strény (about very hungry, lean); to smoke a cigarette "to live modestly". The heading form of these phraseologisms should be as follows: the belly to the thighs dried up, roasted, stuck); Smokey ( "started to live more modestly." Ne the verb is always in the ir participle, e.g. eyes turn “it becomes clear”; hair (kdilis) moans "fear encompasses" (well present- — ed hair shivers [on the head)]); the brain turns “gets clear”; heart failure “anger, na restlessness” the heart ; beats the heart ir chokes “it becomes weak, you want something 209 stronger, more delicious” (well — the heart beats and the heart chokes); the heart is slowing down; wellnias turns (about a reckless act). These phraseologisms should be raised as follows: ūkys atsliūiko "it became clear"; the hair (coat) mocks “fear covered”; the brain turns away “it became clear”; the heart subsided “the anger, the restlessness passed” (by the way, the word heart is presented in this way); the heart became weak, you want something stronger, more delicious®; širdis nu(si)smoko (the word heart has already been given as such); The winds are blowing in. The form of phraseologisms, denoting a state, can coincide with the structure of a word compound or a monosyllabic sentence. The main word in the grammatical structure of these phraseologisms is no longer a noun, but a verb. Since these phraseologisms also denote not an action but a state, their title form should not provide the communicative form of the verb, but the 3rd person of the present tense of the course verb, the 3rd person of the past participle of the event verb. In most cases, this is done, e.g.: eye kicks (to) "very hard"; on the chest stands "unpleasant, unpleasant"; on smagenij swirls (they say, something forgotten a little can be remembered); on $irdiés sūkasi (1) is said when not remembering a well-known thing), 2) “always remembers- ”; the head sépa "cares"; the head "long cared"; dzērves (gegūtes) milk stiūga (said when everything is there); the beam stiffness of the beam is “unreasonable”; (work) from the expressions slips “does not succeed (work)*; transverse (galle) throat stiffness “swelling, not wanting to eat”; in the mistletoe (about the father of an illegitimate child); (whose) thief is not a „small-minded” person; in the swing sings “unknown where, lost”; heart (soul) sopa “cares”; the heart was broken; the heart pérsopéjo; the heart prasopéjo; the heart sucks "meramu"; heart (on the heart) pasuieka „was troubled, was overcome with anxiety“; one rod is missing "fool". This includes comparative phraseologisms, e.g.: as on the puzzle stands "clear, obvious"; as if through (grains) the land meant; as if (as) into the earth (žemėn) meant "suddenly, unexpectedly disappeared" and so on. The presentation of state-indicating phraseologisms, the form of which coincides with the structure of a word combination or a monosyllabic sentence, is particularly often varied and inconsistent. For example, at the end of the verb stojo stojo (says not being able to quickly remember a well-known thing) and on the same page —stojo stojoti „prisiminti“ (it should be —stojo stojo „prisiminė“), and next to the verb stovėti — stovėti ant liežuvio (liežuvio) galo stovėti (it should be —ant liežuvio (liežuvio) gūlo stovi). In the nest of the word heart, the verbs of phraseologisms are also often presented inconsistently, e.g.: on the heart floats (floats) (said without remembering a well-known thing), with the same meaning on the heart stands; on Sirdiés swirls, but at the same time — on širdiės skrūdėti (skrūpsoti, slūgauti) “to give no rest, to worry”. It should be placed on the heart fliūdi (skrūpso, slūgo). At the word skrūpsoti the heart (heart, on the heart) is presented as skrūtso; and to the verb skūdėti —at the heart skūdėti (it should be —at the heart skūdi). In addition, the forms of the verbs of phraseologisms in the verb twist nest are also presented inconsistently, for example, dušią sūsuka (suvirko) and sielą suvirti. The following forms of these phraseologisms are possible: dušį suvirpa „darosi blogai, vimdo“; the soul twisted "it got bad". In the verb freeze, the phraseology nei šildo, nei šaldo (kas ko) „neveikia, nerūpi“ is presented, and in the same volume, in the verb šildyti, it is presented differently, inconsistently —nmei šildyti, nei šaldyti. 210 The title form and some other phraseologisms denoting the state should be clarified. For example, it is necessary to raise not on kelio stovėti, but on kelio stévi 1) “is ready to go somewhere”, 2) “is an obstacle to someone’s intention, activity, hinders”; not thought to stand, but thought to stand 1) “is in thoughts all the time”, 2) “appears- ”; not in gdlvq to get stuck, but in the head got stuck “some thought came to mind”; not to hurt the heart, but to hurt the heart “feels heartache, unpleasantness”; not kdulu (hard tail) stuck in the throat, but bone (hard tail) stuck in the throat “is unbearable”; not to stand up across the gerkle, but across the gerkle stood up “Jabai įgriso”; not Gožiu smirdéti, but Gožiu smirdi (about the old man); not to press the heart, but to punch the heart |) “sad, sad, painful”, 2) “causes trouble”; 3, When determining the heading form of a phraseology, it is very important to pay attention to its syntactic connections in the sentence, to determine whether it (usually some of its elements) has paradigmatic forms, i.e., whether it is variable. Paradigmatic forms of phraseology usually depend on its function in the sentence. The paradigm forms are phraseologisms that perform the function of verbs and nouns. They often lack adverbs (sometimes they have a number or a genus), emoticons, phraseologisms that perform the function of modal words. For example, to the last straw “very carefully (searched, scraped)”; 1) "straight to the ground", 2) "very fast, with headache- "; with pointed teeth "reluctantly (eats)"; with upright eyes "without seeing". The paradigmatic forms of adjective phraseologisms are usually expressed only by gender and number (e.g., ne iš kėlmo spirtas "beautiful, clever, nimble"), and sometimes they are not present at all (e.g., to patiés molio "the same, of one nature": košto molio "beautiful"). These phraseologisms presented in the LKŽ do not have paradigmatic forms, e.g.: velnias nusisūktų koją (about a big mess in the room): even in piFstą kąsk; nors į ūgnį šok: even if you fall to the ground (said when you are in a difficult, hopeless situation); even to the wound put (about a very gentle, helpful person); only the eyes squeeze (about very weak, faded); adieu, Rūtka, with spurs! (says something lost). However, there are cases in the LKŽ where phraseologisms that do not have paradigmatic forms are presented as having them. For example, the given phraseologisms smilga pērdurti "very lean, thin" and žēmę badyti sūbina "Jabai stengtis" are illustrated by such sentences: Tai priganei karves —smilga perdurtai Vlk. You can't talk to her, koc subine zem badyk Sml. illustrative sentences show that these phraseologisms cannot be changed, so their title forms should be the same as in the sentences, i.e. smilga pėrdurtum (peddurtai); Koc sūbine zemę badyk. 4.Some phraseologisms, especially those that perform the function of adverbs, are associated with words of a certain semantic group, i.e. they have a constant environment of words of a defined lexical meaning and grammatical category. The degree of definition of the meaning of environmental words is usually uneven. Some phraseologisms have very narrow, individual meanings of the surrounding words, others have broader, more general meanings of the surrounding words of certain categories. In the context of a defined environment, phraseologisms that perform the function of adverbs acquire a constant generalized meaning, which is described by synonyms of the corresponding parts of speech that perform the function. Those synonyms usually have a very general meaning, while the meaning of phraseology is actually specific; defined. The definition of the value is specified by the environment. The meaning of the environment is not part of the meaning of phraseology, but is a decisive factor that allows it to be precisely 211 defined. The definition of the meaning of phraseologisms performing the function of adverbs varies in LKŽ, is not consistent. Often even the necessary phraseological context is not indicated at all, occasionally it is indicated after the heading before the interpretation of the meaning or at the interpretation of the meaning of phraseology in parentheses. In the dictionaries of other languages (e.g., „Opa3eojiornueckuli cjaoBapb pycckoro sasweika- “, M., 1967) the biological phraseological environment is highlighted in the heading of the phraseology, distinguishing it by font or brackets. In our opinion, it is most convenient to present the phraseological environment in the LKŽ not at the heading of the phraseologism, but at the interpretation of the meaning, because the elements of the environment of some phraseologisms have a relatively broad meaning, often not described by one word. In addition, phraseology can have not one, but several meanings. The phraseological environment of each meaning is usually different. Finally, the phraseological environment of the LKŽ is usually referred to in the interpretation of the meaning. E.g.: as if he was “a lot, everywhere (running)”; snukiū drdamas „drunk (goes)“: with a broken spira „worried (runs)“; tail flickers "a lot, constantly (flying)". These phraseologisms have an environment of narrow, individual meaning. It is difficult to list words of wider, more general meaning, so they are usually described (in parentheses petitu) only by their general semantic characteristics. For example, how stops 1) "as much as it can hold, as long as it holds when pouring (about the measure, container- )", 2) "in total (about the quantity)- ". However, the ir presentation here varies greatly. Often the environment iš is not specified at all, e.g.: nė spiktės „nei kiek“ (unspecified environment words —negavo, nėra); 1) „straight to the ground“, 2) „very fast, with difficulty“ (unspecified environment — collapsed, gave up, is running, is sinking, etc.); vertical kdsniu 1) 2) ir "greedy without chewing" (there is no surrounding word —ryja). If a verb goes with the word of the necessary circumstance, it is presented in the LKŽ as follows: the 3rd person of the present tense of the action verb, the 3rd person of the past participle of the event verb, e.g.: kaip šieną pjoves „griežiai (valgo)“; 1) „no one knows where (helped, pushed)“, 2) „for nothing (going)“. Sometimes unnecessarily presents the conjugation of the surrounding verbs, e.g.: kaip šiėną "abundantly, after much (to consume- )"; and warm, and hot “everything, and good, and bad (to experience, to see)”; as a warm breeze "very pleasantly (accept)- ". The following forms are available for these environmental verbs: experienced, seen; adopted. It happens that the environmental verb is used only in the future tense, for example, as your ears "surely ("you will see", i.e. you will not see, you will not get)". This is usually the case for phraseologisms that perform the function of modal words. 5. The syntactic relationships of phraseology in language are not limited only to lexical connection. As with individual words, phraseologisms in a sentence are connected by various syntactic connections; tuning, control casting. In the dictionaries of phraseologisms, these connections are usually ir tried to be indicated, the syntactic connections of LKŽ phraseologisms are sometimes also indicated, e.g.: akis sparia (kam) „labai sunku“; on (whose) neck; on the neck (without) |) ‘accidentally (referring to burden, exploitation, hardship)”, 212 2) “exploiting, oppressing”; (whose) aSaras to “experience failures when doing something wrong”; nustaugė dieglioji (ką) "was gone what"; wings floats (whose) "rich"; water lizard does not coexist (among other things) (about very close friendship, coexistence). However, the syntactic relationships of phraseologisms are indicated very rarely and inconsistently in LK Ž. In particular, they should be referred to phraseologisms, meaning the state. Syntactic relationships of such phraseologisms as: dkys iš priekės išpūko (kam); feet pėrsprogo (to); Siaudij head (of whom); the heart explodes [in half] (of whom, for whom). 6.The word order of some phraseologisms is always the same, it does not change, while others can change, vary. In the heading of phraseology should be the same word order as it is used in speech. If the order of words is not strictly established, the components of phraseology should be presented in the order that is the most characteristic, most often used. Individually change the word order of phraseology is not possible. Unfortunately, such cases occur in LKZ. For example, the given čemerys nesūks, and the illustrative examples show that only nesūks čemerys is used. The given bear would shake off its head: velnias would shake off its leg, and the examples show that only the bear would shake off its head:; I'm gonna take my leg off. It is given neither šidudo pakrapšt'iti dafit'i, and in the language is used neither (nei) straudo dafit'iti. LKŽ is raised snūpą galdsti: snūpą [palkaišioti; beak whistling; insert the muzzle; the muzzle to carry; open the snout, and the examples show that it should be raised: sharpen snapq; [pa]cashing the muzzle; squeeze the snorkel; insert a snorkel; carry a snoop; open the muzzle. 7. In language some phraseologisms always have the same structure, others differ in the formal variants of some phraseologisms. For example, phraseologisms can vary in the noun's vowel and prepositional construction: as (like) a cow on ice (in ice); as (like) mixed (with mixed). In addition, in order to save space, the various components of the component synonyms of phraseologisms are often presented together, e.g., prepositional constructions of nouns: agurkas; like a pig about the shadow (about the rain). Since the formal variants or variations of component synonyms can be both prepositional constructions and nouns without prepositions, all variations of prepositional constructions must be presented with prepositions in parentheses. E.g.: on akiū (in the farm, in the eyes, on the head) shitti; on the dantū (on the tongue) to stand; on the head (on the neck) uZsadniti; as honey (with butter) to spread over the heart; though to the heart (to the heart) dék: [from] the mind (from the head, from the wisdom, from the rudeness) to replace; with back (with ūtkala, with ūtkara) heart; from §duksto (from Ičtenų) to slip. The cases in LK Ž where jvairuojancios prepositional constructions in parentheses are presented without prepositions may mislead the reader, e.g.: prieš ūkstiną (ūkstinus, aksting) kišti; from Ičtenų (nariij) down; on the memory (head, tongue [end], thoughts, thought, memory) swirls. Presented in this way, the reader can understand that there are also such phraseologisms as: ūkstinus spdrti; sentenced to death; head twitching and so on. Thus, in the heading, the components of phraseologisms that vary should be presented as follows: spdrti before ūkstiną (against ūkstinus, against ūkštiną); from the slow (from the limbs) to judge; on the memory (on the head, on the tip of the tongue, on the thoughts, on the thoughts, on the péméties) swirls. 213 There is no consistency in the pronunciation of the structural components of phraseologisms — some pronouns, prepositions, particles, conjunctions. It seems that there should be no doubt that neither in the title of the phraseology nor in the illustrative sentence those structural components that are attached to the pronounced word and form one accentuation unit with it, i.e., proclitics and enclitics, should not be pronounced. This is often done in LKŽ, e.g.: akiū nėra kur pasūkti; unsaturated; slips from the hands; the earth slips from under your feet; from the spoon (from the slow) to slip; what there smūlą: that you smūlas; that (you) might (could) hurt (hurtdi); even if in the sophomore put; though spit and catch; even in the earth inscribe; only smeFties to invite (offer); even the soles dropped; smurgai do ussaaros; stingrays and stingrays; shines and crackles; a snake with a muzzle; just close your eyes; not far shot; not thrown out of the keel (out of the lump) [dog, rabbit]; §6na almost explodes with laughter; crooked leg (not on that leg) to get up [from bed]; neither walk (run) nor stand; this [this] to you; she [it is for you) that (if) you want. Nevertheless, quite often the proclitic and enclitic components of phraseologisms are pronounced without any basis. For example: apiė (apliūk) aušį sukti; giltinė suka [about the tail]; no kuf to turn; can't even turn around; neither she, nor duok; as a spike; as in some mud; to (lig, ligi) bone (bone) marrow: to (lig, ligi) snupo; do not take a breath; neither (neither) speak; there is pressure, there is no pain; not squeeze or swallow; not to pull or push; neither push nor pull; show your heart; neither heats nor cools. 9. Both the LKŽ instruction and the introduction state that phraseologisms are presented in alphabetical order. Unfortunately, the instructions and this tradition, especially recently, some editors ignore. Since we consider phraseologisms as independent units of the language system with all their form, generalized meaning and usage peculiarities, it is necessary to take this into account when presenting them, i.e. they cannot be divided into separate components or constructive forms. A typical example of this division is the presentation of phraseologisms with the word heart in volume XIV. In the alphabetical classification of these phraseologisms, neither noun endings nor verb prefixes were taken into account. Let's say, hardly anyone could easily understand on what principle such phraseologisms are arranged: the heart (heart) pierces; the heart found a heel; the heart is dried; the heart is drying out (drying up). Only after turning the head considerably, it is possible to understand that these phraseologisms are presented alphabetically by the root of the verb, despite the prepositions and the endings of the noun heart. The question arises how to break down morphologically, for example, the phraseology the heart found the heel, if the verb without the prefix is not used at all. After all, in Lithuanian language there is no phraseology heart-dried heel. This approach is contrary to the principle of phraseology and is therefore unacceptable. Phraseologisms could also be presented according to other criteria, say, according to grammatical dominance or similar. Since the LKŽ writing is coming to an end, it is no longer worth changing the principles of presenting phraseologisms. It is important that all those who write and edit the Dictionary follow the instructions and the established traditional principles, i.e. present phraseologisms strictly in alphabetical order. jo ir 214 K. BOCUJINTE O NPUHLIMIIAX PACIOJIOXKEHUSI ®PA3EOJIOTU3MOB B,,CJIOBAPE JIMTOBCKOI'O S3BIKA* Peziome B crarpe ofpaujaercsi BHAMaHHE Ha HEKOTOPbIE HETOYHOCTH H HENOC/EAOBATENLHOCTH B pacrioJIJOxeHHH H JekcHkorpahuyeckoi paspabotke dpaseonoruzmor B „CjioBape JTHTOBCKOTO s3bLiKa“ (nanee —CJA). r 1, B 3arosioBke cJioBapHoOH CTaTLH TpaMMaTHYECKas JIJOMHHAaHTA —Miaroji (pa3e0JIOTH3MOB, o603HauaIOnIHX jedtcTBH E, NpejcTaBJIACTCA B HeonpejieJieHHOH dbopMe, Hanp.. in the feet spduti "ObICTpO HATH, CINeElMmHTs". 2. ®opma dpa3zeonoru3Mos, 0603HAYAIOMMX COCTOSHHE, MOXET OTOXKIECTBIATHCH CO CTPYKTYpPO# [IBYCOCTABHOTO HJIM OJIHOCOCTABHOTO Mpe/IoKeHust ui crnosocoderanns. CoberBeHHO OOpMA (pa3eosOru3MoB, CTPYKTYpa KOTOPBIX OTOKIECTBISETCH CO CTPYKTYpO# IBYCOCTABHOI'O IpeUIOKEHHs, IpeicTaBiseT COOOH cleayroniee: HMS CYLIECTBHTEIBHOE —B €IMHCTBEHHOM WJM MHOXECTBEHHOM U4HCJIE, HMEHHTEJILHOM NaJekKe, Miarojibi HECOBEpIIEHHOTO BHJa —B 3-M JIMLIE HACTOSILLUErO BPEMEHH, A TJIATOJIbi COBEPIIEHHOrO BHAA —B 3-M JIMIIE nmpoulemero BpeMeHu. Tak xe rpejcTaBJIieHbI (DOpMbI r1aronioB H B (paseonormsmax, gopma KOTODp5IX B CBOIO O4epellb OTOXKIECTBISAETCA CO CTpyKTYpoH CJIOBOCO4EeTAHHS HJIK OJIHOCOCTABHOTO NpejUIOXCEHHSA, Hanp., akis spiria (KOMY) „O4eHb TsbKejio“:; HenpuarHo stands on the chest; head sopa ‘yrneraeT (naeut) 3abora (koro)’. 3. Ilpu ycraxoBjieHHH coOcTBeHHO (OpMLI (hpaseonorniMa BaxHO OOpaTHTH BHHMaHHE Ha ero CHHTaKCHYECKHE CBSi3H B IPEUIOKEHHH, ONIpeIe/TUTh KaJiHYKHE napagurmarundecknx opm bpa3€0J0ru3Ma (Kak IIpaBHJIO, OHH HJIK OIrpaHH4eHbI, HIM COBCEM OTCYTCTBYIOT. 4. Hepenko ob3artensHOe (pa3eosiornyeckoe OKPYKEHHE HE yKasbiBaeTCs IOJHOCTHIO, a HHOI 1a YKa3bIBaeTCs, HO €ro npejicTaBJIEHHE Bapbupyer. O6s3aTenbHOe (pa3eoiornieckoe OKDpyxeHne B CJIS no TpamMumuyu Bcerjia HaeTcsi TaM, re TOJIKOBaHHE 3Ha4eHHs (B ckobkax), Hamp., lyg prisviles „Muoro, se3me (Geraer)“. 5. CunrakcnueckKHe CBS3H (Dpa3eOJIOTH3MOB B CJIS yka3bIBaItOTCS O4UCHb PEIKO H HENOCIenoBaTeJIbHO. DTH CBS3H OCOOEHHO HEOČXOJIHMO YKa3bIiBATb NPH JIEKCHKOTDpaODOHYeCKOM ONHCAHHH (dpaseonorusmos, O0Go3HatatolLIIHX COcTOSHHE, Hanp., a cloud burst out of his forehead (xoMy); heart explodes in pusidu (KOro, Komy). 6. B 3arojioBke cjiOBapHoH cTaTLH (Dpa3e0jJIOTH3MA JIOJIXECH ObITh TaKON Xe NOpa/IOK CJIOB, KaKOH OOHApYXHBACTCHA B s3bike. ECM MOPAIOK CJIOB elie TBEDJIO HE ONPEIE/IHIICH, KOMIIOHEHTHI (bpa3eojioru3Ma CJIEJYIOT B TAKOM NODpHA/IKĖ, KOTODEIN sBisieTcs Gojiee XapaKTEPpHELIM, Yale BCTpewaeTca. 7. Hepenko B 3arojioBKe CJIOBapHOH CTATLH B CKOOKAX JIaIOTCA BADpbHDYPONIHE KOMINOHEHTEI KOMIOHEHTHBIX CHHOHHMOB (dpa3e0JIiOTH3MOB. Bce BapbHDpyOlIO- <HE NpelUIOXHbICE KOHCTPYKLIHH ynoTpebnsioTcs ¢ NpejpIOTAMAH, Hanp., to be implanted on the head (neck); as honey (with butter) to spread over the heart. 8. Ha kroMrioHeHTaX (Dpa3eOJIOTH3MOB, NPUMKHYBIIHX K YJIaDHOMY CJIOBY H OOpa3yrOnIHX C HUM aKLUEHTYALHOHHYIO CAHHHILY, T. €. NpOKJIATHKH H DHKJIATHKH, YJIapeHHe He CTaBHTCSA, Haup., from the ribs slips; even the mucus has gone. 9: Tak kak (ppa3eonOru3Mbl CUHTAIOTCA CAMOCTOSITEJILHLIMH €IHHHLIAMH SBLIKOBON CHCTEMEI CO BCEMH OCOOEHHOCTSMH HX (DOpMBI, OOOOINIeHHOTO 3HAYCHHS H YNOTDpEeOIIEHHSA, TO H PH HX ONpejlCTAaBJIEHHH HeJIb351 MX PACY/ICHATh Ha OTJEJIbHbICE KOMITOHEHTEI HJIH TMpOH3BOJIHbICe dOpMAHTBI. H B HHCTpyKLHH K CJS, HH BO BBeeHHH K HEMY YKA3bIBaeTCS, YTO (Dpa3eOJIOTH3MEI JIatOTCA B andaBHTHOM nOpsJIKe. IlosTOMY ovens BaxHO, 4uTOOLI CJISI cocTaBisuIics H PelaKTHPOBAJICH B CTpOTOM COOTBETCTBHH C HHCTPYKIHEH H CJIOXKHBIOAMHCS TPAJAHIIMOHHBIMH NpHHUKITAMMH, T. €. B aJiOaBHTHOM pugs. 215