Ekskliuzyviniai žodžių variantai su balsiais „a“ ir „u“

LITHUANIAN LEXICON 1R TERMINOLOGY PROBLEMS LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS, XXIX (1991) VYTAUTAS VITKAUSKAS EXCLUSIVE ZODZIU OPTIONS SU Vowels 4 IR U* of word variants su a ir « in the Lithuanian language, especially in its dialects, is quite a lot. Jų abundant LKŽ in volumes. They all seem to be divided into several į groups. I. This is probably the simplest group, where a : u on onomatopoeia. First of all, there will be various verbs, sound words, where the vowel variants indicate a softer sound, a su lighter slower a action, a louder vowel: kabeldoti ir kubeldoti, dadnoti dudnoti „to talk, ar vograuti“, kramėnti o su kruménti „to w cough“, krapinėti || krupinéti || || || "walk, barely walk", raresys || ruresys "bildesys", rare || ruréti “bildėti”, stapalinéti || stupalinéti ‘walkiotis’ ir t. t. (about a hundred recorded such examples). It is only a means of animating the action. One doubt: the examples are from different iš dialects, in one dialect only a part of the examples are used in one — su -a-, kitur su -u-: pakšt pūkšt, || šmakštelėti šmakštelėt- || i, etc. ; ir alliotes "screaming" in many places In ir Lithuania w/iéti In the region of Kupiškis: ul I'm out of here, I'm out of here. Yes, I do. There are quite strange variants of a few words in this group. You all know that the word ‘Bufalo vulgaris; such a curse" variant E. Frenkel's fence su crawling ‘ropoti’ ir etc. Dialects (in the ir Samogitian Dzūkians) it clearly has elements of play: rapužė rėpūža is said as a || joke, hiding the curse from children. šį Replacemew nt of a vowel by a g vowel has a humorous meaning, it is not constant, so phonetic laws do not apply here. Especially this is clear in the word sabiūikaulis "buttock bone", that, in Žemaičiai be heard sabinikė ir "butt". Be no lawfulsubsmų w tituting vowels a, word sabifikaulis can already be said more publicly, o word sabinikė even joke with children. su The same is ir su Dictionary of ir words matufzé muturzé ‘liquid ta soup; Niek. burna”. In the Dzūkian language, it also has a euphemistical meaning: muturzė (—>mutnūs, mutinys, mūtė) is the primary form, a bit rougher, maturzeé as if softer, o “playful” form. II. 1998-1999 There is a large number of su a | u variants of the word, derived from ide. syllables I, m, n, r>al, am, an, ar || ul, um, un, (karkti kutkti, ur skarti || skūrti skūris || skūris, — karkuljs kurkulps, || skarulys skurulps || || ir t. t.). This is the form that appeared in different dialects gamalas gumulas, || gramulys "gniutulas" grumulys || ‘grumstas’, ramoti "be calm" || rummi "quiet silence", saluva ‘sala’ BB | * The article was prepared on the I basis of a presentation at an international conference on Baltic studies. 204 sulava N (the word sala Fraenkelis associates with salėti, cf. salčti, salvėti and sula, suléti). There are several roots intertwined here, the whole chain of production has no speech — only isolated facts have survived. This to intertwining leads to new words, such as mama || muma || moma "mother". Now most linguists consider the Žemaičių mun-, consonant to be a natural phonetic change (even V. Toporovas changed his opinion in the “Prussian language dictionary- ”, speaking of kamas). (Tonopos, 1980, 200). It seems to me that there is something more important here, I separated, because to in many speeches can not be based on any law (in Raseiniai, Western Samogitians am, in one syllable an does not change, differently o se — ir ne in all žemaičiūosše). Especially the left bank of the Nemunas (Kafklė, even Gūsta —LKŽ kartoteka, V. Kurtinaičio notation), the western and southern Samogitians of Raseiniai do not give any basis for the phonetic law. Forget about Ch. I'm afraid that we might be from the ty ide. syllable */, m, n, r (Stang, 1966, 34—35). In fact, why do we not argue about some phonetic peculiarity of skdrti and skūrti, but we argue about an analogous mun- (Zinkevičius, 1966, 299; Grinaveckis, 1960, 77; Grinaveckis, 1973, 172; Vanagienė, Vitkauskas, 1969, 212—214). After all, ir here, there ir the air alternates u quite evenly, some — snickets have one form, others different. o III. A large group of word variants su a || w is associatsu ed with the entry of the a vowel change sequence in Baltic languages į u row in different conversations: ganidti ‘vyti’ Nm, Lp || guniéti Auk, Lnkv || gonidti Dbk (and gdiniéti || guinioti), plajoti End || plujoti "walkiotis" (and washed), layou luus || "fast loving" (break, broke), whistling || whistling Rs || gukchioti “hiccup” Ds, Skd, grajoti ‘graibstyti’ || grujéti Sug, gramaiitas || grumafitas Pnd, Shkn (gromaites Krš), in a quiet || Romanian (seemed down.) || calm, smooth | flowing || streams; sweating || sweating || sweating. IV. Most of these words are exclusively vowels, and are not su onomatopoeic. a ir d be ir For example: : až ir already, sa || water; Traditionir al dialects of the old people Minapiai Telšių raj. m'énapé: (curry) In the duchy of Kėdainiai — as if iš Fleas ir "Short History of the Prussianir s, pg. Prussian monkey ‘river’); abas Smn úbas || Sd; abaslaite Smn || Abbasiate Shvnč, Str; Daburjis PrL || double; dabuik Akm || doughnut Krš "pit in the river, lake", piece || bulge J, pcs; Gabalin || Rdn (gobal'in'is cė.kros); Guppys || J. M. Valang, sugubéti ‘be able to’ Kltn; Gabéta Ak || gubieta Bsg “Goddess”, cf. Gabia "Goddess, holy fire"; gabsta ‘gabana’ Kair || Gubsna ‘bouquet’ Sl; gabose Prk, Rs, J || gubuzas ‘pound’ Brz, Sg, kabti ‘die’ Ds, Kp, Mlt hang, chew || "sufficient to provide" || to whine ,satiate, give much“, kakoryt OG421 || corn „užporyt“ Vrn; Kudar J, Vrd || kuduras K, Klp, Kin, plg. dar skūdaras ‘kadaras’ Ut || scrapers; Kapurna Lzd || kupūrna ‘kupstas’ Drak, Mrk: kasula ;‘kekė’ Lkm | kusulps ‘gumulas’ J || cough; Oatmeal i kusula sušooka Kr: thieves „throw“ prs || cruising ‘rauti’ Rdm; katulys ‘kutenimas’ Sint, Dr || burning sensation; lazgėti ‘floating’ Krt || luzgéti "to vibrate, to move" Tl, Sint; /grown on land. J "talk" | lugini „vilioti“ B; lūkatas || lukutas ‘rag’ LI, Up, Lkv, Kltn; /sighs ‘rag’ M. Valanč || lipatas žem. ; luggage "box for travel ką packing, manta" | lugaminas Q397 ‘food stocks’ || /kgumas J; latus "small ir thick" Rgv || loutis "trampy 205 leg fat" žem. ; magéti "to want" || mugéti (in dd.rbu' nū"t mūga,very much want" Rod, Kargaudū k.); maguoti ‘to wish’ Vdš, Kvr, Ldk, VIk mugūoti „passion- || ate to be“ zem., J; 1999: "There's Nothing I Can Do" (feat., B.B. King, B.B. King, B.B. King, B.B. King, B.B. King). measles vaccine Żuków || mūsulas žem. ; node | node Žvr, Nm; Finfish Sts; Ggr || pluduiiké || pludufigé žem. ‘stray’; plūkė „mekšras“ PrL || plūkė „tokia žuvis“; beat "to beat" || to plough "lines"; lock || smoke "lake roars, smoke t. y. growing, growing; rapūkas || ropūtė || rupūtė "potato" Vvr, Sv, Jdr —LKA I 161; rapti "not being well" || rapti "being smallpox, having smallpox- "; rasnoti ‘Jlynoti’ Grg, Grk rusneti || "slowly flowing" Kv; rolling around || routinéti rolling around Rod, Dv; salig ‘sulig’ J, LD427, Jrb, Rs, Žž, Ad | salyg Stl, Jrb, Slv and salig, salei Jz; stirrup || stirrup; smaklé "knot loop" J || smuklė "loop: Zabangos* Grv, Ln, A. Baran; skaprūs || skubrūs "nimble, swift"; staguté warklas; 105" and "Stupé LKA I 105. There are quite a few examples. The reasons for their appearance are probably as follows: a) Similarity or substitution of vowels: bambas || gūbulas (ubalinis), kratulys, kapūrna || kupūrna. This is an old phenomenon: cf. lit. nūgara || nugara || nugura (Klp) (only recorded in 1977 in the village of Kukuliškiai, unknown in LKZ, la. mugura); b) Distant relationship with the change of the vowels of the ag-order: gab-, gob-, gub-, pla-, plo-(plu-); c) Some of the w words may have iš acquired an ide. *6. The above-mentioned Stango, dar According ir to Endzelins, “r, /, m, n* prieksa white w (6) sometimes mijas or white a, e..: then perhaps no sakotnėja unužverta o (un n) vajinūjuma (Endzelins, 1951, 53). It may be assumed that stūgė, mūzgas, muguūoti, pluduiiké, skubrūs, etc. has uiš *o: Plg. J. Kazlauskas (Kasnayckac, 1962, 24), V. Mažiulis (Mažiulis, 1970, 16—18) statements about the existence of *j (contrary opinion: Zinkevičius, 1980, 58—59). Couldn't stuga (next to stagutė), mūzgas Nm, Žvr, etc. and several dozen more words have arisen from *0? How else to explain quite a number of parallel forms with the root vowels a and u? Old borrowings have also contributed to this change of the vowels a and w, where u: a from the Slavic *5: sabata || sūbata, kravduninkas || kruvduninkas (it is completely unbelievable that kuduras from the time of K. Alminauskas would be considered a borrowing, cf. skūdaras || skūduras; kadarys || skadarys, etc. ; cf. another analogous case: rumulai we consider our word, and ramaloti || rūmuloti Germanisms; "Skælskør og Skælskør Sogn". Interesting is the presence of the diphthong -aianalogo -wi in similar words of different dialects: rdinas || rūinas, rdinyti | rūinyti "to be rainam®, rdišas || rūišas, raišti || rūišti (raiščioti || rūištioti, raišis || rūišis), raižyti || rūžyti, raikis "skirt" Skdv | rūikis Sv, Vn, Grdm and so on. This is just the beginning of the exploration. That a and u like rushing has been observed for a long time, but there was no time to sit down. If the things described here turn out not to be nothing, not winds, it will be further investigated. Prof. M. Rudzytė at the Baltic Conference in 1985 has pointed out that similar phenomena are also present in Latvian dialects, such as the Augzemniekų vonuks “vanagas” and others. Endzelins J. Grammar of the Latvian language. Riga, 1951. Grinaveckis V. Phonetic characteristics of the north-western mud dialects and their development //Proceedings of the Vilnius State Pedagogical Institute. 1960. T. 11. 206 The history V. of the Greenwich Village. V., 1973. Kazlauskas J. Historical grammar of the Lithuanian language. V., a 1968. young man V. Other ir Indo-European languages. V., Stang 1970. Chr. S. Comparative Grammar of Baltic Sea Languages. Oslo-Bergen-Tromso, 1966. Vanagienė B., Vitkauskas V. For the Samogitian ir munnum- || Lithuanian Linguistics. 1969. T. 11. Zinkevičius Z. Lithuanian dialectology. V., 1966. Zinkevičius Z. Historical grammar of the Lithuanian language. V., 1980. T. 1. Kazaayckac M. K pa3sxTHro oOugeGajiruūckKoH CHCTEMEI riacHeiX // BoripoCbi 3bIKO3HAaus. 1962. Mo 4, Tonopos B. H. Ilpycceranit s3LiK /CrnoBaps K. M., 1980. B. BATKAVCKAC DKCKJIIO3HBHbIE BAPHAHTbI CJIOB C PROGRAMME 4 U U Peszome B JIMTOBCKOM #3bIKE CYIIECTBYET HEMAJIO CJIOB C BapHaHTAMH, Pa3iH4alOLIMMHCH TJIaCHbIMH a Huh. : Bce npumepsl MOXKHO JIEJIATb Ha 4eTbIpe Mpyribi: 1. CnoBa OHOMATONIEHYECKOTO TIPOUCXOXKNeHUsA: dadnoti dudndti || „roBopuTe“, raresys || ruresys „rpoxoT“ Hu JIp. | 2. What, rae a || u I'm not or sure. */, m, n, r> al, am, an, ar || ul, um, un, ur: gums gums || "kxoM, KNYyG6", ramoti || rumdti ‘ObiTb CHOKOHHBIMTM H JP. 3, Cnosa, rae BapHaHTbi C APPLICATION @ H HU CBSI3aHbl C 4epeJIOBAHHeM KOPHEBBLIX TJIAaCHbIX all ull ganioti o: gunidti || gonidti || 'nporoHsTs', burst || streams || "Tekyauū" H e.g. 4. Cnosa, re a || u, mo MHEHHIO aBTOPa, HpOHCXOJIHJIO OT ApesHebanTuiickoro *o: gabūs gubiis || cnocobuelit”, dbas ibas || 'crapuHHas neyka' staguté || stuge ‘coxa’ ap. x"