Skonio semantikos hidronimai Latvijoje

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS, XXXII (1993) STUDIES OF BALTIC ONOMASTICS LAIMUTĖ BALUODĖ SKONIO SEMANTICAL HYDRONIMATIONS IN LATVIA Water quality (taste, colour, temperature, etc.) ir semantics hydronyms are typical only of the ne Baltic languages*, but generally of the ir Indo-European noun. The semantics of taste is one of the most hydronymous, because it refers to one of the most important characteristics of water (Vanagas 1981, Lt). There are iš approximately 100 known hydronyms of 55 water taste in Lithuania. In Latvia such hydronyms are registered about 30. In Latvia, the most common salty-tasting semantic hydronyms — have been recorded 16. These are adjective subordinates. Sai-up +up. Buy 1970, Pure? -upite +up., rst. Kalu (according to the — informant, the salt was ir broken out of the salt) 1958 : lat. salts "salty (sour)" ME III 803. Si the root is observed in ir esocards Salija® up. Cool. E II 162, = ? Maz-sélija® up. Snép U IV 162 k (1963), ir subsequent works in iš the original title Sally? - sudmal®-dikis tv. Snép 1963, In the hall, on the TV. Aizp U IV 16 : lat. Salium, = tarm. form saleys "salty; salt-containing (sour; sour)" ME III 802. Su with the semantics of salty taste are closely related such ir noun-origin Latvian hydronyms as Freeze-dried shlt. J-laic 1963 ir +mail. Viesn (was in a mound near Gaizinio kalno) p, Sals*-ęźrs hedgehog. L-str Env. XII 24029 k (1972), Sals®-likums river bend Zebra 1958, Sals*-valks upl. GrikE II 93 : lat.. salts "the Salt (sugar)" ME III 802—803. Gal ir Sals-ace //Salce up. Skank 1966, although in this case it is probably only a folk etymology, a salt that binds the subconsciošį us. su J. Endzelynas ir K. Boge šį considers the hydronym finougrizmu — plg. is. Salatsi sodyba <*Salatsa (Būga RR III 648, Endzelyno "Dictionary of Local Names". It is also known by the Latin name ir Latium. iš combination of nouns das "1. einmalige salts; the 2. Salt lake” ME III salims, 802, salims "the Salzlake (salting, salty salt)" ME there — Salijuma dikis tv. Strut U V 509, = Salima dikis E II 142 k (1959), Diki TV. V-au U V 463, Salijuma upite upl. Other 1958, = Salima upite U V 455 k, Salijuma* upile upl. Write E I 115. About 4>1 see FBR XII 128. Si the root is quite widespread in kity ir latviy toponimy, pa- * "Latvian Hydronyms zr. E n d z e 1 i n 1934, 124—126; - Balode 1983, 25-34; for hydronyms of color semantics in Baltic languages see Baluodeé L. Iš latvig—lietuviy—priisy hidroniminiy paralelių //Colloquium Pruthenicum. Warszawa, vyzdžiui: 1992. P. 157-172. Sala" lama gn. Dob (near the river Berze) 1959, Sdlif-tilts ti. Snep 1963, Salijas* farm Dign 1961, Snep farm E II 104, Salij-kalns kin. ibid. 1963, ”Salejas” pv. Dign U V 324, Saleji“ namas Dund E II 146, Sales? mountain kin. “av U IV 77, Sals-stone stone Viesn p, 8 mountain names Sals-krins, Sals*-kūpa kopa Anc (it is said that a ship with salt cargo sank here) 1964, Sals*-lama pv. Eng 1959, Sals*-puērs? rst. Aizp 1958, Salijum-birzs +beržynėlis Adul 1972, Salijum-kalns kin. Gras 1970, Suggestions? farm Rop E I 56, Salumi house Sark 1973, Salimi* km. Kris E II 168. Perhaps it is appropriate to mention here such Latin farm names as Salavas Gram 1955, Salavi Durb 1964, Priekl E II 42. In Latvian Klabas dialects, another adjective of salty taste semantics, sūrs salzig" is quite widely known. "1. ME III but this 1134, same adjective stirs is used in dialects with the meaning "2. bitter, herbe; sauer (bitter; sour)" ME there — Cheese up. Lubn pear up. Rug (pronounced sgyura?, near The village) 1974, Sūrupite up. Autumn 1963. This root also occurs in other forms in Latvian place names: Sour branch apple Poc 1958, Sūrcelš kl., Sūr-kallinš kln. ir Sour-blue pv. Kurma 1963, there is also Sūr-kruogs hostel U IV 131, in addition to the hostel and Kul U IV 127, Sūras pv. Grik E II 93, pv. Plan E II 97, Sūra purv rst. J-laic ("sūrs plaut, cieta zale” (mowing with salt, hard grass) 1963, Sūr*-tērce dam Priekl 1979, Sūrūju birch birch Smil 1961. However, in those areas where the influence of Finno-Ugric languages is possible, this root should sometimes be associated with lyb. str "gross" Kett. 388, est. on "the same" Wied. 1096 — for example, Surkangar-kalns kln. Dund E II 147. It is also known as the "Dundalk of the West" or "Dundalk of the East". U IV 255, " fuhr-muzza” miškas U IV 258, ” f uhr-muzza-iarra” |. -U IV 259, in the neighbouring Ances village the Finno-Ugric name of the former farm Sūrlag 1964 and the field name Sūrlagda //Diž-klajums 1964, where the parallel name is Finno-Ugric lime. In Lithuania, the number of hydronyms of this semantics is about the same as in Latvia. It is the name of 15 rivers and 1 lake, made from the Lithuanian adjective sūrūs LKZ XIV 220: Suré up., Siris up. -Sūrūsis up., Sūrava up., Sūrėlė up., Surinis ež. and others. EZ 320. In addition, there are several names for settlements: lit. Suriskiai k., Sur-upis k. Ladms. 295. Hydronyms such as Drūskinis, Drūskinė up., Druskinė up., Druskonis, Drūskis ež., Drūskupis up. and others are also associated with the semantics of salty taste: lietuv. druska LKŽ II 767 (EZ 92—93). In Prussian there is also one sub-noun S u r e 1385 and several toponyms —Suriken k,Suriti,- Surik,Surke rst.(Apr. 177), which are also associated with the aforementioned Lithuanian and Latvian salty-tasting semantic vowels (Apr. 177; Daubaras 1990, 105), although the corresponding appellative has not survived in Prussian (but cf. the pr. noun suris "cheese" Mažiulis 1981, 314). In Latvia there are many hydronyms made in the semantic lexicon of sweet taste —from the Latin adjectives salds “sūss” ME 111 669, saldens “the same”, t.e. forms saldans, saldins, saldains ME III 668 —Sald-dzijums depth in Lake Engure Mērs U IV 207, Sald-upe up. Zau 1969, Saldanha aliotens® (tarm. Form) Good morning. 1962, Saldendes? laws. Acne (Radzupe inlet1) UV 8 RE 277 pp. (in French) "Le Monde diplomatique". Dign U V 326. This root can be seen in such Latin hydronyms as Saldus®¢- zers ež. Broc EI 99, Saldus" river up. Sald 1953, which are related to the town name Saldus? * ME III 670. In addition, there are more Latin toponyms derived from this adjective: Saldais? homestead Ruc E II 45, Saldais purvs b. Bel 1956, Salda plava pv. Ezern 1979, Saldie k. Dag 1972, Saldanie k. Karsav E II 178 et al. ’ This root is often found in Lithuanian hydronyms —Saldus up., Saldeikis up., Sald-upis up., Salduškis ežeras (EŽ 288), and in oikonymes and microtoponimes —Salda pik., Sal-ū-dirvė dr., Saldė pv., Saldėnis b., Saldynė gn. et al. (EŽ 288), Saldėnė k., Saldūtiškis k. (Ladms. 270). ; —It should be added that lit. gėlas vanduo = lat. saldidens "sūsses (nicht salziges) Wasser” ME III 670. Thus, from a semantic point of view, Latvian hydronyms with the word "sweet" can also be compared with Lithuanian water names Gélys ež., Géla up., Gėlainis ež., Gėliškkė up., Gėluotas ež., Gėlūžis ež., Gėl-iupis up., Gėl-upis up., lit. gėlas, gėlas "without salt, b~ acid, preskas, sweet" LKŽ III 209 (EZ III; otherwise Savukynas 1966, 188). Thus, the Latvian root seldhidronima could be considered in part as the antonyms of the root soir sūrhidronima. There are no preserved hydronyms for sweet-green in Prussian, and su there are no ar recorded adjectives for ir this semantic.] = A peculiar relationship of such ir adjectives of Latvian-Lithuanian language taste semantics : lit. acid lat. = skabs, liet. karlūs = lat. bitter. Iš Latvian adjective skūbs "sour (acid)" ME III made 878 only one Hydronyms of Latvia — I'm on tv. Sjöl 1952. However, water names of noun origin ir should be mentioned here Fuck up. Aizp E II 163 : shelves "the Saure (rugstis)’ ME III 878, Skabuma balla šit. M-sal 1965 = Vella skabuma bajlina šit. M-sal 1952 : skdbums "the Saure’ ME III 878. Si root is common in other Latvian ir place names, for example : Skdaba’plava pv. Cir 1958, The Scary Mountain kin. Bell 1960, Skaba® bivouac Ziemn U IV 65, Skabie sodyba Pals E I 81, Skabji* farmhouse Bėn E II 131 ir kt Only one lake name of this semantics is registered in Lithuania Rūkštijs : liet. acidic LKZ XI 903 (EZ and several 284) microtoponyms — 1995. pp. 15. "P.A.S.H.". (EZ 284) ir oikonimų — Rūgšteliškis k. (Ladms. 267). * E. The Norwegians were forced su to withdraw from the northern part of su Latvia. jam "lower, with "Floods in the South Sea, a small salt swamp" suggests that the word is ir Latin. “sweet could once have meant "low, swampy place, bare gray area" (Blese 1933, 111—113). However, A. Vanagas correctly points out that such a reconstruction would fit the root sal-, but may have nothing in common with toponyms having the root sald-. su It is difficult to say which ir Lithuanian-Latvian place su names sald could have retained the old form of this root (more — precisely the root sal-) meaning, o which are somewhat later, Baltic derivatives, related to su lit. sweet, lat. sweet (EZ 288—289). Most of them seem to have died. ir lat. the toponyms can be written simply liet. iš sweet, lat. sweet (Endzelins 1933, 157—158; EŽ 289). This semantics of Lithuanian hydronyms includes water names such as Spalis ež.: lit. spahis "sour" (EZ 310) and Skob-upis up.<(?) * Skob-upis: lat. skabs "sour" (EZ 333) (Vanagas 1981, 117). In Prussian, the place names Ructiten, Roctiten are recorded, which may have retained the root "sauer" of the Prussian adjective ruktan (Ap. 145—146). The hydroelectric power plant has not been rebuilt. The root of the Latvian adjective rūgts "bitter, herb" ME III 568 is found only in the name of one Latvian lake — Riglens Kras E II 168: lat. rūgtęns "etwas bitter, bitterlich" ME III 568. This root is rare in Latvian toponymy, there are only a few place names — all registered in Latgale: Rūgtais kalns kin. Bel 1965, Rūgtęns pv. Kras 1957 et al. This semantic field in Latvia (more precisely, in Latvian hydronymy) seems to correspond to the second meaning "bitter" of the adjective surs already mentioned (see s. v. surs). In Lithuania there are many sub-notions of this semantics: Karé-tupis, Karé-iupys, Kdrt-upis, Kart-upis, Kartenalė and others: lit. kartūs LKŽ V 347 (EZ 147, 148; Vanagas 1981, 117), there are also many oikonyms, most of which are of hydronymic origin: Karé-iupis k., Karé-iupys k., Kdré-rudeé k. (Latms. 123), Kart-upenai k., Kaftena mstl. and others (Latms. 125). Although the Prussian adjective "kartus" (Mažiulis 1981, 278) is known, there are no surviving Prussian place names that could be made from this lexicon. In addition to the already analyzed taste adjectives saąlš, sūrs, salds, saldęns, skabs, rūgts, in Latvian language are used also ass "spicy, pungent", kuédigs "spicy", pliekans "sweet, sweet", saj§ "sweet, tasteless", salkans "sweet, half-sweet", sivs "spicy, pungent; times", skūnš, "sour, acidic, gaizus”, skebigs "swelled, cooked", škėrms "gaizus, Aitrus". However, the roots of these adjectives are not recorded in the Latin hydronyms (perhaps the adjective sivs is in the subordinate Siviekste Lubn p; cf. another Latin river name —Aiviekste’E I 115). In Lithuanian hydronymy, in addition to the already mentioned lit. adjectives, there are also registered derivatives from the taste adjectives gilūs, aitris, gailūs, gaižūs, gorūs, laiskis (Vanagas 1981, 117). When comparing hydronyms of individual subgroups of quality semantics in quantitative terms, it can be seen that in both Latvian and Lithuanian language hydronyms of color semantics are more abundant than those of taste semantics, and even fewer are those of water clarity, cleanliness, temperature, etc. ir semantics of water names. Abbreviations of place names Adul —Aduliena (Gulbenes raj.) Aiv' — Aiviekstė (Jekabpilio raj.) Aizp — Aizputė (Liepaja district) Acne — Aknysta (Jekabpilio raj.) Anc — Ance (Ventspils district) 10 a ka NL MS et —— = = FEE Good morning. Dign Dund Durb Eng Ezern Gav Gram Gras Greek J-laic Kalu Kars Cool. Kurma Lim L-str Lubn Lubez M-sal Pals Pérk Plan Ruc Rug Sald Sark Sal Aneniekai (Duobelės raj.) Bėnė (Duobelės raj.) Bruocenai (Saldaus raj.) Cyrava (Liepojos raj.) Dagda (Kraslavos raj.) Duobelė Dignaja (Jekabpils raj.) (Duobelės raj.) Dundaga (Talsios raj.) Gramzda Durbė (Liepoja district) Engurė (Tukumo district) Ezerniekai (Dagda district) Gaviezė (Liepoja district) (Liepojos raj.) Grikiai Grašiai (Maduona district) (Kuldygos raj.) Jaunlaicenė (Alūksnės raj.) Kalupė (Daugpilio raj.) Karsava (Karsava district) Kraslava (Kraslavos raj.) Kuldyga (Kuldyga district) Limbažiai Kurmalė (Kuldyga district) (Limbažių district) Lielstraupe (Cėsių district) Lubana (Maduona district) Lubezerė (Talsu district) Mersragas (Talsu district) Mazsalaca (Valmieras district) Palsmanė (Valka district) Perkūnė (Liepaja district) Planyca (Kuldyga district) Puociemas (Limbaži district) Priekulė (Liepoja district) Priekuliai (Cėsių district) Ruopažiai (Riga district) Rucava (Liepoja district) Rugajai (Balvu district) Saldus (Saldaus district) Sarkanmuiža (Ventspils district) Sėliai (Valmiera district) 11 Skay —Skankalnė (Valmiera district) Skriv —Skryveriai (Ugrė district) Smil —Smiltenė (Valka district) Snép + Snėpelė (Kuldyga district) Str —Straupe (Cėsių district) | Strut —Strutelė (Tukumo district) | V-au —Vecaucė (Duobelės district) Viesn —Viesiena (Madonas district): Zau —Zaube (Cesis district) | 2000. pp. 12. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish).. "Zemsta" (in Polish). —Estonian p —additional material ež. —ežeras fig. —surname gn. —grazing plg. —compare il. —įlankos pr. —prūsių k —adjusted, refined pv. —pieva k. —kaimas rst. —raistas kl. —kelias s. v. —subverb kin. —mountain slt. —source L —field tarm. —dialect of lat. —Latvian ti. —bridge lyb. —lybiy tv. —tvenkinys | lit. —lietuvių up. —upė | Zr. - Look. upl. —stream | + © —before the name of the object (4eZ.) indicates that the object no longer exists | | 1956...1978 —year after the hydronym indicates the time of the expedition AZ, \¢ —coincidence of intonation LITERARY ABBREVIATIONS | Apr. —Gerullis G. Die altpreussischen Ortsnamen. Berlin—Leipzig, Balode 1983 —Balode L. Ipasibas vards Latvijas 1922. : PRS lauku nosaukumu darinššanš. //LPSR ZA Vestis, 1983. No. 1. 25.—34. p. 12 Blese 1933 Būga RR Daubaras 1990 Endzelin 1934 E I-II Endzelins Endzelins 1933 EŽ an Hydronyms. V., FBR XII Kett Env. I-XXII Ladms. LKŽ Mažiulis 1981 ME I-IV Savukynas 1966 UŪ IV-V Vanagas 1981 Wied. Blese E. Some thoughts on the names of Liepāja and Saldus.—Articles of the Philologists’ Society. Riga, 1933. S. 13. 108.—113. p. K. Collective Writings. V., 1958-1961. T. 1-3. I've got a huge body weight. Įlucc. Ha coucr. yu. cTen. Ya. Ha. OmIon. H. Busrsroc, 1990, Endzelin J. The Latvian water names. Journal of Slavic Philology. Wiesbaden, 1934. Bd. II. 1998-1999 H. 12. S. 112.—150. J. Place names of Latvia. I. d. : Vidzemes vardi. Riga, 1922; 2. d.: Frogs of Kurland and Latgale. Riga, 1925. Notices on the names of Liepāja and Saldus //Proceedings of the Philological Society. Riga, 1933. S. 13. 157–158; Ipp. Vanagas A. Etymological Dictionary of Lithuani1981. Hauzenberga E. What place do nouns give to phonetics in Latvian? Riga, 1932. S. 12. 115.—148. Ipp. : Kettunen L. Dictionary of Livonian Language with Grammatical Introduction. Helsinki, 1938. Latvian Conversation noun. Riga, 1927—1940. S. 1.— 22. Lietuvos "Administrative-territorial division of the TSR". V., 1976. T. 2. Dictionary of the English Language. V., 1968—1988. T. 1—14. Mažiulis V. Monuments of the Prussian language. V., 1981. T. 2. Mūlenbach K. Latvian language vocabulary // Editing, adding, continuing J. Endzelins. Riga, 1923—1932, S. 1.—4. Savukynas B. Lakes names. // Issues of Lithuanian Linguistics T. 8 : The development of the Lithuanian language lexicon. V., 1966. P. 183—194, P1akis J. Latvian place names un Latvian surnames. D. 1: Names of Kurzemes. // Latvia University of California Press. Philosophy un of Philosophy. Riga, 1936. S. 4; D. 2: The Zemgale fjords. // Latvia University of California Press. Philosophy un of Philosophy)a. Riga, 1937. S. 5. 213.—528. p. Vanagas A. Semantics of Lithuanian hydronyms // Lithuanian Linguistics. T. 21: Lithuanian Onomastics. V., 1981. P. 4—154. Wiedemann F. J. Estonian-German dictionary A word book. St. Petersburg, 1869 (Tallinn, Estonia) 1973). 13. THE HYDRONYMS OF TASTE SEMANTICS IN LATVIA Summary The hydranyms of salty taste are the most widespread hydronyms of this type. of in Latvia: about 16 names, derivated from Latv. adjective sali "salty", Latv. substantives sals "salt", "salting", "salting" "brine". Approximately the same number such hydronyms of is “ao in Lithuania, too. Another Latv. adjective stirs "1. salty” is wellknown in Latvian dialects (of. potamonyms The word also has the it meaning of a "bitter". sour”. In the area finno-ugric of influence, such toponyms might derived be from Liv. on, East. on “big, large”. One hydronym with this root — Sure has — been registrated in Prussian, too. There is a rather large number of hydronyms of sweet taste in Latvia. These hydronyms might be compare with hydronyms of the same Lith. root Saldand another root Gék: Lith. adj. glass [vandud]=Lat. saldidens "fresh water”. Strange relations might be mentioned between Lith. acidic = Latv. urgency "sour", Lith. times = Latv. bitter "bitter". Latv. adjective skūbs is mentioned only one in hydronym — Skūbais dikis, but there are some more hydronyms substantive origin of — Skūbj"-upe, Skabuma balla etc.. There is is only one lymnonym Riikstgs in Lithuania, too. Latv. root rigis "bitter" is mentioned only one in lake-name: Acid: adj. 'rather bitter'. This semantic field in Latvian hydronymics evidently is taken up by the second meaning of Latv. adjective surs "2. bitter” — mentioned above. Other Latv. taste of (such ass, as kuddigs, plickans, sajš, salkans, sivs, skūnš, ikebigs, §kérms) are not mentioned the derivation in of Latvian Hydronyms. Maybe the hydronyms taste semantics of are very ancient, their semantics one the most hydronymical. is of But /f we compare this group with another hydronyms water of quality semantics, one must note, that the group taste semantics more numerous of than, for example, is the group colour semantics. of 14 ll Sill LL