Senųjų dvigarsių „an“ (>„ą“), „en“ (>„ę“), „in“ (>„į“), „un“ variantai tam tikrų žodžių šaknyse ir formose

QUESTIONS OF LITHUANIAN LINGUISTICS, XXXIV (1994) LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE DIARCHEMS AND THEIR STUDIES Vytautas VITKAUSKAS 3 VARIANTAS OF OLD an (>g), en (>¢), in (>i), un IN CERTAIN WORDS SENTS AND FORMS It is a puzzle to replace these diftongs and the second sando with vowels i, u, sonants!, r (see LD 137, Zinkevičius, 1957, 78). Obviously, this is not a firm and consistent phonetic law, such a phenomenon has been observed in these cases. 1. The old diphthongs an, en, un are translated as diphthongs ai, ei, ut: brurišė "kuoja, mekšras" —desn. brū:n'č'e Vn, Kv, Pj, Grg (cf. LKŽ 1? 1094) —brgis'e Prk, Sl, Jdr, brūtši Sdr (cf. LKŽ I? 1079), bruišinis BzF 102, bruižis CII224, Plng, LKA I 154 (82 zem.) recorded brūiša, brūišė, bruizé, brunčė, brūnšė, bruūiš (see also Urbutis, drąsūs —desn. drancis Vn, Vdk, Pgr, drui.cus Krš, dré-ncos Tri, Rdn, dra-sus Jrb et al. —draisus Dks, Mr) (Labutis 107). drezti "to tear while wearing, to tear, to tear" —desn. d¥'é.n'¢t'i Bt, Skdv, Grd, d'r'ė.n'č'- t'e Rdn, dren’. dt 1981, 164—167). Kim, Kis, dv'é st Grz (v.aukst.) — dreižti "to waste, to drag, to rob by dragging, to slip” Krs, Ll, Uzv, „Pvn (cf. LKZ II? 679), ple. sentence: dn! She's a gentleman. i7 rugs / kd. m tūok'i n'et'ė.kus'i komba.ina pal'é.ida Rdn. gelgsti "to end" —deésn. Jlelii-sc Drsk, Rtn, Vs, Rdm —Jul. nuos. g'eld.isk "galask" Drsk, Lzd, Rdm, Rtn, Vs, Krks. drill —deésn. grad. čc Nik; 1999. pp. 10. "Gro-néc Rdn —grad". stas, graidte lis Mrj, Dkš (Goodbye to 107—108). threats.) gr'é.n'c't'i Krš, Krtv, LI, Vdk, gr'ėis't'e Akm, Skd, Plng, gr'és't Pln, Plt, gr'é-s't'i {gr é st vak. height. —gr'é. isttli ZTP 9 (Father, i Nemunynas). grezioti “often “to drill” —desn. gr endžūoti Krš, Krtv, Šauk, gr'en'dž'ūot- 'e Pj, gr'in'dž'ūot- 'e Rdn, Pvn, gr'e:ž'6-t vak. height. >> return to page 1 bite —desn. kd. nienis, Vdk, LI, Vn, Pgr, kūn'e'n'is Krš, kū.n'c'n'is Rdn, TI, Pvn —kd.is'n'is Zt, ŽTP 11 (Tove, pė, Nemungnas). digging —desc. kd.n'c't'i Vdk LI, Bt, Vn, kūn'e'ti Krš, ké.n'c't'e Trš, Rdn, TI, Lkv —kdisti (Virne pakdisti Pr t. ŽTP 11 (Tėvė, Isė, Ne munynas). mastyti "to speculate, to consider" J —désn. mon'c'ti-t'e Janapolė, Užv, mūstyti I (in some manuscripts he is written and žūsį)'—sumaistyti Jrb (LKŽ VII 745), maistyti Erž, Skr (ibid.). 107 razytis —desn. 1999: 1st place in the 100m freestyle, 2nd place in the 100m freestyle, 3rd place in the 100m freestyle, 4th place in the 100m freestyle, 5th place in the 100m freestyle, 6th place in the 100m freestyle, 7th place in the 100m freestyle, 8th place in the 100m freestyle, 9th place in the 100m freestyle, 11th place in the 100m freestyle, 12th place in the 100m freestyle, 13th place in the 100m freestyle, 14th place in the 100m freestyle, 15th place in the 100m freestyle, 16th place in the 100m freestyle, 17th place in the 100m freestyle, 18th place in the 100m freestyle, 19th place in the 100m freestyle, 20th place in the 100m freestyle, 21st place in the 100m freestyle, 22nd place in the 100m freestyle, 23rd place in the 100m freestyle, 24th place in the 100m freestyle, 25th place in the 100m freestyle, 26th place in the 100m freestyle, 27th place in the 100m freestyle, 28th place in the 100m freestyle, 29th place in the 100m freestyle, 30th place in the 100m freestyle, 31st place in the 100m freestyle, 32nd place in the 100m freestyle, 33rd place in the 100m freestyle, 34th place in the 100m freestyle. LKZ XI 96). rėšė "such a bird" —desn. r'é.n'¢i Krš, LI, Ldv, r'ė.n'č'e Rdn, Pj, Kv, Rt (plg. LKZ XI 480) —released by J. Jabl (LKŽ XI 213). réztis —désn. r'ė.n'č'ti- -s Kis, Vdk, Gr, r'ė.n'č't'- čis Rdn, Trg, r'é-s't'is 8g, Btg —rėižti K, Zvr, įsirčižti Gs, Jrb, Žvr, KzR, Jrb (cf. LKŽ XI 401 —402), įsireižimas Alk, įsirčižimas K (LKŽ XI 401), cf. dar r'čišėt'is "rūžtis" Mrj, Dkš, Brt, Lp (LKŽ XI 401). chambers —desn. sld-stai Jd, S| —sld.istai, slaistūkai ZTP 11 (mentioned locations). traps —desn. spd.nctai Vdk, Nmk, spincta: Krs, spo.ncta: Rdn, Tl, Pj — spilistai Mrj, Dkš (Labutis 107). spésti —desn. s'p'č. n'e't'i Krš, Sauk, Krtv, s'p'ė.n'c'- t'e Uzv, Varn, Trš, Eig — spé.isti ZTP 9. decide —desn. s'p'r'é. neti Krs, Sauk, Ll, Pgr, s'p'r'ė-n'- e't'e Rdn, Tl, Lkv, s'p'r'ė:s'- t' Škn, Šl, Btg —spré.ist 7T PY (ibid.), s'p'r'é.ist DKS, Pjv, Kbr. gąslai —désn. žūncla: Krs, Sauk, Zd.nclai Prg, Vdk, Ldv, Z¢.ncld-Rdn, Eig, Lkv, Vn, Zd-slai Skn —Zd.isld-Sol zd. isla(i) Rsn, Zd.islai Kbr, Pjv, Plv, Mrj (Labutis 107), pg. Zaisflai MZ II 348, C II 1032, Ns 1826, 1.8 and others. 1999: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band: Remastered. sa.n'm'iežlin'is Vn, sd-m'e-Z'- inis Pjv, Kbr, Jrb —saim'iein- 'i Per, Zgé (plg. LKZ XII 149, LD 1366, sd. bmiežliniis Pgr. joint —desn. sé-nar'is Rdn, Eig, nr Krš, sanar’t-s Vdk, Gr, Vn — sdinaris Gilija (LKZ XII 14). sgspara —désn. sidncpara Krš, sé.nepara Zr, Rt —sdispara Gilija, Vikv, Kbr, Pjv (see LKZ XII 14, LD 137). The White House: The White House. ba.ltun'ji Krš —bd.ltaini Pgr, Vn “white”, ba.ltuji Krš, Krtv (eliminated sonant m, not prolonged before the past vowel), bd.ltaine "white" Pgr; jeni.je —jei.ne "Egg" Pgr, Vn; baltam'ė.n'- je Pgr, Vn —baltam'en.- jie Žv —baltam'ė.in'ie "white" Pgr, Vn, baltam'é-jie(ei>e-) Šv, baltam'i-jie Krš, baltam'é-jie Trš, Rdn, Pp). balt dsias —désn. baltd.n'c'es Vdk, Ll, Sauk, Ki, balté.n'c'es, d'edž'6.n'c'- es Tl, Lkv, ands, td's Irb; Jd —andis, tais, gerdisias, baltdisias, didžiaisias, etc. 107), Kbr, Pijų, Alvt, Žvr, Lzd, Trs, gražč.is'es, saldž'ė'is'- es ŽTP 41 (min. locality). Or with that phenomenon only has no connection vns. in. with td.i Krš, Krtv, Sauk, Kim, Tt (see also Labutis 107), but with túoje Krš, Krtv, so tio je Rdn and so on. Run from the compound -anj-? There are many different types of thermal processing in the field. PgrT 51—52; Zinkevičius 1957, 30, 78 and others. 2. The diphthong n is replaced by other sonants I, r. 108 tėvas "father" —desn. t'ė.nus Krš, Krtv, t'ė.nus Tl, Eig, Varn, Lkv —t'ė.lųs Jn (Kv), Pj. gēšē —desn. g'é.n'de Rt (see g'ė.n'dži Kis) —gėršė K, K 1709; RB, MZ, Kel 1881, 238 (see LKZ III 78). tisoti —désn. tinctdot Kr3, tincūot'e Rdn, Varn —tirso-t Ss, Sn (Tursūčiai village). vąšas —désn. un.čas Krs, 6rnčas Eig, Rdn, Trš, vé-néas Pvn, Vds, Pj, va: as Skn, Zg, Btg —é-rsos Mzk, Plt, Stk, Brzr (in 1947 M.Untulis has written the form va'rišas in Vafniuose —there it is now said almost exclusively w6nčas. 3. the second mixed diphthong n in one word is replaced in various ways — £, u, r (this is how a number of synonyms have appeared in various places of Western Lithuania and Žemaitija). oak —desn. dndzi.ls Rdn, Trš, d.ndzi-ls Pj, ūndžu:ls Krš, d.nzu-ls Vdk, Nmk, Vn —aizuolas PrL (LKZ I? 48), drzuolas Dkš, Mrj, Vlkv, Kbr, Pvj, Nm, Sil (cf. LKZ I? 324, LKA II 63, zem. 44), dužuolas K; RD 62, Cp (cf. LKZ I? 518). Also pronounced and derived words: arZuolynas LKZ I? 324 (J.Slapelio uzr.), arzuolinis Gs, Kbr, Pjv (see LKZ I 324), arzuolravis BsMt II 138, arzuoljnas K, Pvj, Kbr; R 111 (LKZ I? 519), azuolin K, Pjv; R, RD107, auzuolynée K I 333, auZuolinis R. pasąža “writing, writing” —désn. Pashtun Krš, pasé.ndza Lk, Trs, Eig, Pvn, pasd.ndza Pasilé (near Kražių) —pasdiza Up, (paša'ža) Sv, Nmk (LKZ IX 549—550), pasarza St, Krkn, Rd (LKZ IX 559), pasduza J, Krtv, Pd (LKZ IX 560, plg. kaū<kafi "ka, tatu<tan "that", katrau<- katran "each" Pd, Krtv). Another interesting fact: in the area of Šakyna šnektas studied by A. Jonaitytė, both pašd'ža and pašd.iža are pronounced (Žagarės and pasd.iza||- pasd“za). stirrups —desn. šūnčlavas Krš, ša.nčlavas Krtv, Pd, Šln, šė.nčlavas Rdn, Trš, šd“slavas Skn, Zg, Jd —sd.rslavas Trg, Vn (see LKŽ XII 167), saišlavos Rdm, Bd; Bs Mt I 114 (Brt) (LKŽ XII 15), šdišlavos 395) (Gilgamesh, 395). The reasons. The pronunciation is uncomfortable, so in a large area of the Lithuanian language these so-called nasal vowels have been replaced by the prolonged preceding vowel. The examples given here may indicate that this phenomenon of wrongful substitution has been taking place for a long time, even before an, en, in, un > a‘, e’, i“, u’. Geography shows that it was in the western part of Lithuania. Thus, the western part of Lithuania — the Principality of Žemaitija and the areas adjacent to it — replaced the combinations n+s, š, žŽ, j, v in certain cases with 1, u, I, t, T, 8, §, v, Z j, rather than prolonging the preceding vowel. As the acoustical studies of the "Lithuanian Grammar" (LKG I 81, 83, 85, 86) show, when pronouncing the combination n+s, š, j, Z, v, the tongue must change its position dimetrically opposite. Perhaps that is why many of the western Highlanders (Grinaveckienė, 1957, 168, 179) and the Žemaičių šnektai generally cannot pronounce s, š, z, ž after n, but pronounce c, č, dz, džir, thus avoiding the difficulty of breaking the 109 tongue; perhaps that is why there were old vad, nasal vowels even in Šiauliai dialect (cf. This phenomenon A. Salys (1992, 190) has observed quite a long time ago and considers it a combinational law of phonetics —epenthesis, i.e., in the name Ai ia A AA BW of the same fluency, convenience of pronunciation. Such an incorrect substitution of n with other sonants and vowels was unstable and varied even in one speech (the aforementioned past and present in the vicinity of Šakyna i and Žagarė). It is even possible to think about the variation of the presence of m/énca —mé-sa ||m' in some dialect (in Pajūris, Vainute, Laūkuva), rejecting A. Girdenis- 's opinion about the non-etymological origin of m 'Ensal|m'- e*nca —mrncd sonant n —in Slavism imprinted n as | gi. nla, bažn'i.nč- 'e et al. (Girdenis, | 1992, 44). Alongside the Prussian menso, the Latvian miesa "body" fits perfectly with the Žemaičių, besiribojusiy with Skalviai, m'ėncd (or need some additional evidence and facts). ; This case of epentesis (?) is an important phenomenon, which seems to have formed a certain law, but formed in a different way (as compensatory vowel elongation), and other "tryings" remained as phonetic relics. In general, the following examples (cf. Karulis, 1992, 242): baigti (beigti vak. dz.; Pn) —bėžtyti (ž.)y Urbutis, 1981, 95—104 seem to show that there has been a certain change in the Avilalsių“ i and dvigarsių (left by the menics relics). steigli "stengtis" 7. —delete "e.g." Z., stengti "t.p. " and h. talžyti (in Lithuanian; z., in Lithuanian high) —i i Per, Bt (cf. LKZ XV télzti "hard to break, viscous” (LKZ XV 1185) —tčižti "e.g. " 1098) and Gräfin (c. 732) "Vérzas "upévardis" Pgg, Plsk —Véizas Ktč, Pgg, Slu, Rsn, VIkS". LITERATURA Girdenis A. Simonas Stanevičius' spelling and phonological system of his dialect // Aitvarai V., 1992, No. 3. P. 34—50.. GrinaveckienéE. The phonetic of the Mituva river dialect /f. Lithuanian Linguistics. T. 1. V., 1957. P. 119-180. " Karalian a s S. Kalbotyros pastabos //Lietuviy kalbotyros klausimai. T. 29. V., 1991. P. 65—79. ; - Kar'ulisJ. Etymology of the word. T. 1-2. Riga, 1992. f Labutis V. Marian Epiphany t (in) // Linguistics. T. 42(1). 1993. P. 107-108. i " Country A. Widgets: T. 4. Rama, 1992. Urbutis V. Ethnologue Ethnologue. V., 1981. ZinkeviciusZ. The Lithuanian language is a dialect of the Lithuanian language. V., All 1957. abbreviations as LKZ in the last onthe, except ZTP = Gerullis J. . and Stangas Chr. Fishing in Prussia. K., 1933. 110 ON THE VARIANTS OF DIPHTONGS an (>a), en (>¢), in (>), un IN THE INDIVIDUAL ROOTS AND FORMS Summary That diphtongs are substitute of diphtongs as, al, ar, au, er, il, ir, ui įrregular: kasti (< kansti) —kaisti "bite oft", sprésti (<sprensti) —spréisii "solve"; ąžuolas < angžuolas) —dižuolas, driuolas, duzuolas "oak", gerąsias (< gerdnsias- ).” best" tai. žacc..f:) —.gerdisias:and other. "This phonetic' pheriomenon is archaic and occuer in that time, when Lithuahian Western dialects search of the-combination n —5, Aš z n—Z n —j, n —v It is the irregular facts, because phonetic law had been unformed. 111