Keletas naujesnių Punsko šnektos linksniavimo ir kirčiavimo ypatybių

LITHUANIAN LINGUISTICS QUESTIONS, XXXIV (1994) LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE DIARCHEMS AND THEIR STUDIES Laima GRUMADIENĖ SOME FEATURES OF THE LINKSNING AND PRONUNCIATION OF THE NEW PUNSK SCHNECKT 1. Object. The Punsk dialect is the western part of the Southern Highland dialect, separated from the main dialect area not by language characteristics, but by the Lithuanian-Polish state border (see more. Mikalauskaitė, 1933; Sukytė, 1951; Savukynas, 1955; Buch, 1961; Grinaveckienė, 1961; Uzdila, 1963; Valentukevičiūte, 1967; Grinaveckis, 1972; Smoczynski, 1977; Hasiuk, 1978; Aleksaitė I., 1985; Aleksaitė B., 1985; Stoskeliūnaitė, 1990; Garšva, Stoskeliūnaitė, Vaina, 1991). This is the way this speech is treated in the main works of Lithuanian dialectology —"Atlas of Lithuanian language" (T.1, 1977; T.2, 1982; T.3, 1991) and Z. Zinkevičius' "Lithuanian dialectology" (1966). The inhabitants of the Punsko area have preserved their Lithuanianness, continuity of language and cultural traditions (see Pokropek, 1975; Gajda, 1987; Gataj, 1987; Garšva, Grumadienė, 1988). Like other dialects of the Lithuanian language, the Punsk dialect is still used in everyday life. However, the fact that in recent times all representatives of the dialect (except for preschool children) in the Punskas area are already bilingual (they speak both Lithuanian and Polish) and that the common language has less influence than other Lithuanian dialects, gives the Šnektai specificity. The common language affects the Punske Lithuanians through radio, television, press, schools and church, but its influence is still weaker than in Lithuania. Lithuanian radio, television, and especially the press are not permanent satellites of Punsk Lithuanians, because they are often outcompeted by their Polish counterparts, especially in the life of young people. But even in those schools where Lithuanian is taught, many textbooks are Polish. It is true, that in recent times there has been an increase in direct contacts with Lithuanians living in Lithuania, and a considerable number of local young people are going to study in Lithuania. 2. Method, research material and presenters. Part of the research on Lithuanian dialects has been carried out according to the principles of structuralism, but the prevailing method of geographic dialectology, which has changed little since J. Gilliëron’s time, is intended to meet the needs of historical-comparative linguistics. Dialect data is usually collected from old providers. In recent decades, the European Atlas of Languages programmes have taken into account the need to interview respondents from various age groups and social backgrounds, but there are still few analytical works using this type of data. Thus, in Lithuanian dialectology there is almost no tradition of more consistently comparing the language of speakers of different ages, i.e., different generations (one of the exceptions —I. Remenytė (1992) darbai). This article compares some features of the language of the older, middle and younger generations of the Punsk schnekt, i.e. introduces sociolinguistic dimensions of dialectology. 97 — (Labov, 1966). Comparing the language data of three generations of speakers, i.e. by studying the changes of the mo ar corresponding syllabical pronunciation characteristic in visual time, it is possible to determine the direction and intensity of the current language change, find the su connection with other ongoing changes. The study of diachronic and ne synchronic o sociolinguistics. object of dialectology are the current — changes in language. For this purpose, the material ir collected by the author 1989—1992 m. according to The Lithuanian Language Institute prepared the "Dictionary of Lithuanian ir jų interaction study program" manuscript (hereinafter referred to as — "Dialectic Interoperability Program"). Most data collected by punskietés Irena Gasperavičiūtė ir Gražina Sorokaite, who wrote thesis on the basis of the collected ir data at Vilnius University (Gasperowicz, 1992; Sorokaitė, 1992). Šnektos data were collected by speaking speakers=* tape su recordings. ir iš ju mo Iš answers collected several times from each po age group į *" "Programming Languages". The answers to the questions of the į "Morphology" section were used for this article. Some pronunciation characteristics are described by analyzing A the variation of conjugation of object names in visual time. Additional facts were sought by listening to others The recordings of the Punk Schneck language. The Punsk schnekt recordings, transcribed texts and ir completed "Dialect Interaction Program" cards are stored in the Lithuanian Language Institute's Dialectology Funds. Snect facts collect Sniffles iš (10 km į southeast of Punsko) ir Kreivėnų (at bed) The villagers of the villages surrounding the villages always speak the local dialect. The middle-aged younger Schnaps respondents ir avoided tape recordings, so most of the answers are obtained during interviews. jų Fewer respondents in these two age groups were interviewed, but they were often long; su communication. The senior speakers ir were kind i enough to allow the speech to be recorded on a tape recorder, so jų the answers jų į " Morphology" section questions to select iš records. In this way, we have to listen to many recorded texts, so there are more speakers of the older generation, whose speech data were used. bu 0 yes t Older, old, generations (hereinafter referred to as — SK) submitted by: Petronėlė Pečiulytė-Gavenienė (g. 1912 m.), Juozas Uzdila (g. 1905 m.), Judzas Krivickai (g. 1924 m.), Juozas Kliukinskas (g. 1924 m.), Adėlė Kliukinskienė (g. 19 m.), Magdė Grigutienė (g. 1925 m.) iš Žvikelių, Katrė Krivickienė (g. 1905 m.) ir Juliana Gasperavičienė (g. 1917 m.) iš Kreivėnų; middle generation (hereinafter referred to as — UK): Yen (g. 1943 m.) ir Juozas (g. 1954 m.) Gasperavičiai iš Žvikelių; the younger generation (hereinafter referred to as — UK): Irena Vainaitė (g. 1967 m.), Zita Jankauskaitė (g. 1969 m.), Irena Gasperaviciuteé (g. 1969 m.) iš Gvikelių ir Gražina Sorokaitė (g. 1969 m.) iš Kreivėnai. The aim of the thesis is to — determine what changes are now taking place in the Punsk Schneck noun conjugation systems. ir 3. A few trends in the noun conjugation system: cijų. Variations in the linking system are related to the productivity su of the stems, the mixture, jų the phonetic adaptation of individual link endings, the use of certain links with certain prefixes su (see also section 4.4). Grumadienė, 1993, p. 6). When the noun's genus changes, the conjugation paradigm and the stem change. In the language of the older Punsk schnekts ve rus, anglis are mot. g. i-stem nouns, and in the younger ones — already v. g. and completely or partly tape 40-stems: Vns. Dgs. SK VK, UK SK VK, UK V. Zve rus Zve Tus ZvE Tits PE Tits K. Zvs-riés žvĖ'ro./žvE"riės FvE'TU Zoe ri N. Zvé-rag žvE rug, Z0E rel. m Zug rd.m/Zve re.m G. Zvé:ri: Zé rir Z0E rus Zé rus In. 2000: The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire. žoE*rai.- s/žvE "rum. See Zve-runi. /Zug Ti F0E Ti" sa Zve riose/ Z0E run 30e rie sha Also pg. SK: g'eré-s angl'iés rai.ktu nusipur.- ke; JK: I'm 20 years old. glo: vusd.i n'edat.k susnaudé i. Analogisky changes occur in other strains. SK uses mot. g. č-kamienį dal’gle (LKA I Zemél. Nr. 50), while UK —jau vyr. g. ia-kamienj dal.g'is (cf. Zinkevičius, 1966, p. 219), SK —pavé-ss-, UK —pavé-Sis, TT 7 ~ 2 + -N /~ r 17 7. e.g., EN: aewsé ju kuf. pavé-sei | tai nat langv'ed. ; 2000. pp. 22. "G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra". r oe. "5A ie. . . . in A... In the UK, the old-fashioned iu-kamieni kisd-n'‘us is less commonly used, because the younger generation i * V į. il A d 1 -HEAR uses the more common go0-stame kida-n'is (cf. Zinkevičius, 1966, p. 254). However, even in this case, the endings of some vowels, especially those specific to the dialect, are retained by the youth, siera, 7. EU to R «day t.y. taria vns. N. kiša:n'u, also from the iu stem vns. G. kišū:n'u", In. kisan's and see kiša-n'ui. The transition of Zodziy forms from one trunk type to another is not only a matter of trunk productivity. The general language also influences the youth, although, as mentioned, less than in Lithuania. Therefore, as in other dialects, endings that are very different from the common language are often avoided: SK ii 6-kamienį riešuci's UK usually replaces o-kamieniu riešutas (cf. Zinkevičius, 1966, p. 221), SK danci“s, debesi's —i-kamieniais dancis, debešis (cf. LKA III zemel. Nr. 25, 26; Zinkevičius, 1966, p. 241), SK wkamienius badūs, šaškūs —o-kamieniais ba-das, $d Skas (cf. Zinkevičius, 1966, p. 253). In the elderly, the vns is heard. K. gender va*g'o*, pcs. In. vag'ū, dgs. V. vag'ei., dgs. In. vag'ai.s, i.e. just passed from the i stem to the more productive (i)id stem, are replaced by young people with vns that have come from the common language. K. vag'i€s, vns. In. Vaglim., dgs. V. vargs, dgs. In. vaglim: (the latter is often abbreviated not only in dialects). Instead of the older ones, the vns were taken from the io stem. In. the nakcū sex uses nakcwm., i.e. "atitaiso". ; ) In Punsk dialect, many consonants are hardened quite consistently, but, for example, vns. K. žvE*riės [r] is pronounced conditionally soft for historical reasons. Young people pronounce the s before the front vowels like in Polish —[š]. After the slash is a rarer variant. 99 There are cases when noun endings are given to adjectives. Older people in the Punsk area use the adjective vns. N. gender avezan'u, ba.ltu, maejnn'y, vakari-kiéu (by the way, near these neighborhoods there is an isogloss of the distribution of noun forms with the endings -u and wi, cf. LKA III map no. 36). Young, though d-stem nouns vns. N. endings usually retain traditional dialects (i.e. -u, not -ui), with adjectives in this case treated differently: used avužėn'ui, bd.ltui, mazžim'ui, vakari"kščui. These are noun endings. It is possible that this is done with a view to general language, but without knowing that the norm of general language is the nominative endings of adjectives. Perhaps also because of the influence of common language and the older people use old dgs. See gender krū"muos(- a), mė*žuos(a), namios(a), danci-s(a), aki-s(a), šako:s(a) (see LKA III map No. 67—70; Zinkevičius, 1966, p. 238) the youth changes genders respectively with -140$€, -ide, -0se, in whose endings the frontal row vowel e is pronounced, and before it — the Polish alveolar [§]. It is important to note that young people do not use shortened genders, saying only suprieveiksmejusia namaos. And locals with different endings are pronounced as the elders pronounce their own, e.g.: aki: $e, Sako se, laukūoše. Young people rarely use iliativ. In those cases where the iliative of the old is used as a locative (as in the case of all Southern Highlanders, cf. LKA III map no. 44; Zinkevičius, 1966, pp. 201—202), the young choose the gender of the locative of the nouns, although the iliative of the pronouns is used, e.g., SK: tai. It was "bevė.ik ko'žnan. so jun./tai. I'm gonna let you go. kašūkan dracūnan /is vandenin. this. I'm fine. long. nega:li bic; VK: It's burning. aZariki ied. Nobody's gonna sit down. ; JK: Yes. turn tan. coat / tan. water: pld.uk'o-je. The old iliative is used in its own meaning, i.e. as an internal transitive pronoun (only vns.), and the young use the compound with the preposition —in + G.: SK: galvč"n —JK in ga.lvu:, SK Zameen —JK in. 1999. pp. 10. J. J. Stubbs. stūbu“, | \ \: oh A 2% e.g., SK: gavo: galvé'n ir_nucwlo: /ir_lran.ke: Zi-me-n tu: skleni-éu:; VK: išč'jo: muskan. ir_black Is; UK: significantly. give it to me. in_gd.lvu. - U-Zai. Not found in in_stubu-. The older generations also do not use the plural iliativ, replacing it with a compound with the prefix —in + G. (see LKA III map no. 48), e.g., SK: ainū in laukūs pazirre-c; UK: ied. raike važūoc | ba i(n)_namis neinsilai.s In the language of the youth, only the conjugated gender lad.kan (all Punics pronounce this gender in the root) remains. In Punsk dialect, aliterates are not common, but in the older generations there are prefixed forms of them ruden'op, galop, vakarop (a short 0 is recorded), e.g. SK: vakarėp baf.n'o: būvo" | ka(p) pars:-jeū. /vakarop tas žvaurblūkas ir_ dazbeige“ /ruden'ėp paraikald.u in vai.sku:. The elderly use both nouns and adjectives vns. gender of the locus mažūki: duburūki:, mežzūni: kružūki: (cf. LKA III Zemél. No. 48—49) young people tend to combine differently: the gender of the locus of nouns retains the dialects, while adjectives are replaced with those characteristic of the common language, e.g. UK: mažūkam aZariki-, maejunem namūki: (shortened genders are also typical of spoken common language). However, young people do not always choose the variant of the common language, and when using the gender of the common language, they do not always use the same spelling as in the common language. For example, the elderly use the consonant stem vns. K. gender mo-teris (cf. Kazlauskas, 1968, p. 254) instead of youth says mo-teriés; in the elderly. In. sex of the female is a trunk, and the younger mo'terum. —+ stem, but pronounced differently than in common language. The older Punks now use the gender shuva more often, although it is also used as a conjunctive for dog. (cf. Zinkevičius, 1966, p. 256), but the young people have given up the gender shuva and use only shudi (cf. LKA II map no. 67 and comments). The older people use the vowel of multisyllabic 10-stem nouns with the & stem vowel ending: te-vile, vai.kel'e (I is not used). Young people in this case use the vocal ending -i of stem 10: te vuli, vaikė" Li. 100 | Sometimes in the speech of young people change the gender of only one other word from the whole system. For example, all Punics use the ending -ai for the two-syllable o-kamieniy vowels: té-vai, jo'nai, but only the youth say žd.nte, and all others —Zd.ntag. Young people are increasingly using adverbs with prepositions. In Punsk dialect the prepositions ik(1), lig(i), per, po, prie are common with the noun, e.g. SK: iždė.rk ig. /dd.rbudabai.k ligi ga-li /pū'sako"k per_nai.ji | ba negirdé jew /po. I'm going to get you /ko_paprasi-c. | kat pabi-tu prie_vai.ki. Perhaps because the gender of the noun with the ancient ending -¢, which is given to nouns of various conjugation types (mostly masculine- ), is very different from the one used in common language, young people tend to change the construction itself, i.e. they use the mentioned prepositions in combinations not with the noun, but, as in common language, with the noun, e.g., in UK: ar. ižgė*rai igi dūgno“ /po. da.rbo“ bunt bai.šeį pan.lsus. Comparing the morphological characteristics of the language of the Punsk schnekts of different generations, it becomes clear that, although the Polish language now has a great influence on the bilingual Punks without exception, especially on the lexicon and phonetics, this influence on the conjugation system is less than that of the common Lithuanian language. However, there are cases of interference in youth language, especially in the use of syllables with prepositions, e.g., UK: ai.k | an_ br: "Vo" sakaū. “go, I say to the brother (kalkė from le. do brata); uš penk'ė-lika sapci:n'o-s va:lando's “before fifteen seven” (kalkė from le. za pietnašcie minut siédma stunda). Thus, in the language of young people, the endings of more specific dialect verbs disappear, there is a transition from one type of verb to another (all or only some verbs), there are more compounds with prepositions, the control of prepositions changes. These are common phenomena to all present Lithuanian dialects. The main reason is the influence of the common language, although in the Punsk dialect the development of some phenomena may also be catalyzed by the Polish language. 4. Several trends in accent mixing. One of the most eye-catching 101 One of the falling pronunciation innovations in the Punsk youth language (see also Grumadienė, 1993, p.11) is that words of the 3rd accent of the dialect tend to be pronounced as 4th*, i.e. 3—4; cf. SK, UK: pé-das /pe da, pe dd.m /perdėm, pé-dus /pé das’ (3) and UK: pé-das, pe daii., pe'dd.m, pe dis (4); SK, UK: žarnė, Zarné n, Zarné m, zd.rnas (3) and UK: žarna, Zarné n, Zarné-m, žarnas (4); SK, UK: fats., td.ukus (3) and UK: fats., fatty (4); SK, VK dré-gnas, dre gna, dregniem, dregném, dré gnus, dré-gnas, dré-gnai (3) ir. JK: dre-gnas, dre gna, dre-gniem, dre gno-m, dre-gnus, dre:gnas, dre gna (4); SK, UK: gi-vas, gi-va, gi-viem, gi-vé'm, givus, gi-vas, givai(3) and UK: 7 os I ef ir lyk _ 2° ty oh 7 pil gi'vas, gi'va, girviem, gi'vé'm, gious, gi-vas, grvai; SK, VK: 4.lgas, ilga, §d.ltas, Salta, Salciem, Salto m, šaltūs, šaltas, ša.ltai (4); SK,VK: one,. + 7. Zz 4 4 ip. - Mr. one, one, one, one, one (3) and UK one, one, one, one, one, one (4). In the cases discussed, the middle generation usually pronounces the same as the older generation, only the pronunciation of the youth is different. But there are words, which not only the younger, but also the middle generation do not pronounce with the 3—iaja, although the old- "it pronounces 3—iaja, e.g., SK: gardūs, garzi, garžiems, gar3'é-m, gd.r3'us, ga.r3es, ga.r3ai (3), and VK, UK: gardūs, gar3i, garziem, gary'é-m, garą'ūs, garždės, ga.rjei (4); SK: saldūs, sal3ži, salziem, sal3é-m, sd.l3'us, sa.l3es, sd.l3ei (3), 0 VK, UK: saldūs, salzi, salziem, saly'é-m, salą'ūs, saly ės, sa.lžezį Thus, the accent is moved to the end even in those cases where the base of the strongly accented syllable is diphthongs or mixed diphthongs, and their prepositions are clearly pronounced and distinguished in the speech. It should be noted that the dgs is more frequently pronounced at the end. G. sex than vns. Inn., i.e. it occurs when saying kie tus, kietas, bet kietu (in conversation the masculine and feminine endings coincide), pedis, but pė du. The opposite phenomenon has also been observed, when both UK and VK words of the 4th accent of the dialect are pronounced with the 3rd accent, i.e. 4—3, cf. SK: hrklė“, gerklĖ-n, gerklé -m, gerklės (4) and UK, UK: gerklė“, gerkle-n, gerklĖė-- m, geėrklas (3) (in common language also 3); SK: gle-bi-s, gle-bin, gle-beė.- m, gle-b'ūs (4) and VK, UK: 2 This refers only to the position of the accent in the word paradigm, the accent's preposition is not taken into account. It is not clear why the idea of adding a circle to the circle was abandoned. | Snekta facts for this section are presented according to the requirements of the section "Dialectic interaction rs ”Splitting”, i.e. the nouns vns are indicated. Ris 11 le dgs. N. and G. genders and adjectives and numerals respectively male and female g. vns. V., dgs. N. and G. and mot. g. vns. N. Gender. If the examples are given in a different order, it means that the requested genders are not heard in the live speech. 102 glz-bi-s, gle bini., gle-beč.- m, glE:b'us (3); SK: ka-klas, kaklan., kakld.m, kakliai (4) and UK, UK: kaklas, kaklan., kakla.m, kū“klus (3). In the 19th century, the word was used to refer to the 3rd grade, and the 4th grade was used to refer to the 4th grade. The noun strazdas is pronounced with the 3rd accent only in VK, and with the 4th accent in SK and UK. And in the case of 4-3, dgs is excreted. G.: here the interjection is more often than expected not at the end, but vns. It is often used as a back-up. It is also noted a tendency to pronounce words of the 2nd accent with the 1st accent, i.e. 251, but it is not as common as 3-4. By the way, this is true not only for the UK, but also for the UK language, cf. SK: gul'be:, gul.be'm, gulbės (2) and UK, UK: gulbes, gul'.be-m, gul bees (1); SK: laū.me“, lati.me-m, laumės (2) and UK, UK: laū.me“, laū.mem, laū.mes (1); SK: al.ksnis, al.ksnaem, al.ksn'ūs (2) and UK, UK: al.ksnis, al.ksnem, al ksn'us (1); SK: ra-stas, ra stam, rastus (2) and UK, UK: raštas, ra: Stam, raštus (1); SK: sausai.nis, sausai.nem, sausain'us (2) and UK, UK: sausai.nis, sausai.nem, sausai.n'us (1). Perhaps the word found in accent-free dialects is nevertheless not circumcised with the 1st accent, and all other cases mentioned occur. In many dialects, where swan is pronounced strongly, biscuit can be a new dialect word, usually replaced by borrowed ones. By the way, the second-pronounced word place tends to be pronounced constantly in the root by young people. The UK and UK tend to pronounce some words of the 3rd accent with the 1st accent, i.e. 3—1, cf. SK: ké-tas, ko-td.m, ké-tus (3) and UK: ké-tas, ko tam, ké-tus (1); SK: Zd.ndas, žanda.m, zZi.ndus (3) and UK, UK: zd.ndas, Zd.ndam, Zd.ndus (1); SK: dd. jkias, daikta.m, dd.iktus (3) and UK, UK: dd.iktas, da.iktam, da.iktus (1). Of course, the pronunciation of such words as daiktas can be interpreted as the old baritons (preserved in some dialects even now), but it is not SK, but VK and UK, so it is more reasonable to consider it a new phenomenon, perhaps not having such deep roots. In the vicinity of Punsk, the coop plural is used very actively, so the final pronunciation of relative terms or personal names, especially dgs, is completely measured. V. and K., sometimes also N. and G., although the singular genders are pronounced with the 1st accent, e.g., 'presenters of different ages pronounce uosvei., uosv'i, uošvė.m, uošv'ūs; baltaduonei., baltaduon'i- -, baltaduond- .m, baltaduon'is. It is an archaic dialect pronunciation. A case of transition of a completely different nature 1—4 has been observed, when the baritone preserved by the old generation is replaced by the younger generation of the common language norm, e.g., SK, VK: nd.uda, na.udo-m, nd.udas (1) UK pronounces naudė, naudo“m, naudas (4). There are also few examples of the transition from the constant to the variable type of pronunciation (in this case 1—2), cf. SK: gimind.icis, gimind.icem, gimind.ic'us (1) and UK, UK: giminai.cis, giminai.cem, giminaic'ūs (2). There are also few examples of the opposite phenomenon, i.e., when the type of pronunciation changes from variable to constant (4—1), cf. SK: pre-tas, pro-tan., prota, pro-ii, 103 pro-tai. (4) ir VK, JK: protas, pré-tan, pré-tu, proti, pré-tai/pro-tai. (1). Not many, but there are 2-3 examples of transition, cf. SK: aké clos, aké co'm, ake cas (2) ir VK, JK: aké clos, ake c'é'm, aké ces (3). (By the way, the reverse direction phenomenon, i.e. 3—2, was not observed at all). The fact that Punsk dialect tends to pronounce words of different types of pronunciation constantly or at least more constantly, and not only in the speech of young people, but also in the speech of older people, could already be the basis of one of the interpretations. In all the cases discussed so far, except 3—1, the whims and the functioning of the Sosiur and Fortunatov laws related to them are ignored: words pronounced firmly are pronounced as firm beginnings, although the whim remains. Therefore, there is a strong tendency toward a constant type of pronunciation. This hypothesis would hardly be refuted by the recorded examples of transition 1-3, cf. SK: li*gus, ligi, lki-giem, li-glo-m, li-g'us, li ges, lige (1) and UK, UK: li" gus, li-gi, li-giem, li-g'é-m, li-g'us, li-gees, li-gaei /li-géé.3 (3), because in the younger language the general language norm takes effect. In a certain sense, the tendency to move from the variable type of pronunciation to the constant or more constant one is also shown by the phenomenon 4—2, cf. SK: ru-sus, ru*šda.- m, ru-3us (4) and UK, UK: rarša.m, ru-sis (2); SK, UK: pa-das, padd.m, pados (4) and UK: pa-das, pa-dam, padis (2) (as in common language- ); SK: kandé:, kandé-m, pandas (4) and UK: kani.de, kari.de'm, kandas (2). If we look at the direction of changes, it is clear that the 3rd accent is changing the most — it is disappearing (cf. Stundžia, 1984). The most prominent of all is the 3-4 tendency, although from the point of view of whims it is "unjustifiable": the strong beginnings are pronounced as strong ends. The fact that the process is not phonetic in nature is shown by 3—1, i.e., that there can be a transition from one strongly orthographically pronounced paradigm to another, also strongly orthographically pronounced (in the case of diphthongs). The transition 2—1 is also paradoxical from the point of view of conjugations, confirming the establishment of the tendency to move to the constant type of pronunciation (see Mikulėnienė, 1993). The 4-2 and 2-4 tendencies are naturally explained from the point of view of the adverbs. Although 4-3 cases are significant; but the nature of the variation of their use seems to imply further variation —4—3—1. Apparently, it is possible to put forward the hypothesis that the pronunciation system of the current Punsk schnekt is polarizing: in various ways, but still some words tend to be pronounced constantly, i.e. moving towards the 1st accent. Other words tend to be pronounced with a variable type of pronunciation, usually the fourth. The most important thing to note when discussing the new trends in pronunciation is that they are going in a direction that does not change the Soshirov-Fortunatov law at all. The colony's territory is expanding. LITTERACY Aleksaitė B. 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