Sijono pavadinimai lietuvių kalboje

XXXVII (1997) PROBLEMS OF LEXICOGRAFY AND LEXICOLOGY Danutė SABALIAUSKAITĖ-LIUTKEVIČIENĖ NAME OF SION IN LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE Sijonas —“woman’s garment, going from the waist down”. There is no common name for the Indo-European reality, as the reality itself appeared much later. For example, in the classical Greek and Roman costume, the skirt is not yet (Buck 1949: 423). The skirt, as a separate garment, apparently did not exist in Europe in the 10th-12th centuries (Adomonis 1976: 94). Its functions were probably performed by a kind of unseamless garment, consisting of several piles, which were held by an apron and a ribbon. Data, though very scarce, about this garment is already from the 6th century (Volkaitė-Kulikauskienė 1970: 129—130). 130; At Pr 23). There are opinions that a bra was sewn to such a skirt (Adomonis 1976: 94). Such an unseamless garment with a blouse formed the female costume not only in Lithuania, but also in Estonia and Latvia. By the way, this clothing last disappeared in Estonia — in the first half of the 19th century it was still widespread there. In Lithuania it disappeared much earlier, but from this garment to the sewn skirt in various In Lithuania, it is not used at all. There is a great lack of data about this process, but based on iconographic material and inventory books, it can be said that in the 16th century in Lithuania the sewn skirt already prevailed (Acts 22-23). Eastern In Prussia, the unsewed garment survived longer, it was worn even in the XVII18th century (Brand 1702: 96-97; Lepner 1744: 67-68; Mastonytė 1967: 9). What was the name of this garment (or skirt) is not quite clear. According to some authors, it could have been called a margin. Now this name means simply a fringe skirt. If we follow the assumption that in fact the eighteenth century Eastern In Prussia, such an “unsewn skirt” was still widespread, and it is quite possible that K. Donelaitis meant it when he wrote in “Metai”: “O mergaitės krosytų marginių nemėgsta)... O nenaudėlės mergaitės su kedelačiais... pasirodyt jau nesigėd’ (Vd 351, 353). Maybe this is the transition from the unsewn to the sewn skirt? Anyway, the skirt was one of the most important parts of the women's costume in the 19th century. Taking into account that not one, but several skirts were worn, that they were of different colors, patterns, etc., there are quite a few names for this reality in Lithuanian. The main name of this garment is the common word skirt (there are also variants sejonas, sejonas, saxon). This is Belarusianism, cf. s. brus. CAgHB “thick bottom skirt; wool home skirt" (Fraenkel 1955-1965: 756; Skardžius 1931: 195; Palionis 1967: 280; Zinkevičius III 137; Sabaliauskas 1990: 250), but plg. brus. dial. cagH, cerarr (DABM 933, 934, 937,938). This word is also used in some other Slavic languages, such as Polish. sajan “narrow men’s blouse; a certain wide women’s dress”, rus. 88 cagH “sarafan, high skirt". Į Slavic languages he came iš from the Italian language, cf. it. saione : saio “military jacket", hereinafter su referred to as lot. sagum “short military cloak” (Brūckner 1927: 479; Boreysho 1990: 176; Fasmer III This 567). loanword is in Latvian, ir cf. la. cyan ‘sijonas’ (At Pr 12 j. ). Probably it is Lithuanism, because it is recorded only On the Latvian border near Lithuania. The script variant sejonas, which probably appeared in the Lithuanian language next to the variant sajonas, appeared already in the XVII a. (SD (1)71, (3)152 — the meaning of summer coat; 1931: 195.) Skirt was first recorded some time later, in the 18th century. pab. — XIX pr. a. in writings (D. Pošk; P). All three options are found 19th a. century dictionaries and folklore collections (Sut; N; Kos 90; J; JV 988). The current version is. Šis pavadinimas, anksčiau vartotas daugiau Žemaičiuose bei Užnemunėje, ima stumti iš vartosenos kitose Lietuvos tarmėse paplitusius pavadinimus, pvz., andarokas (LKA I 193; DūnŽ 531; DrskŽ 324; LKŽ XII 17, LIETUVIŠKOS KILMĖS PAVADINIMAI Galima sakyti, kad vienintelis nežymėtas lietuviškos kilmės pavadinimas, reiškiantis 317, 538). sijoną apskritai, yra apsagalas: apsčėpgti. The word is rarely used, occurring more frequently in later writings (V. Krēv; Vaižg; A. Vien; LKŽ I, 256). Another, as neutral, name is flying. However, it would be too bold to firmly state that it has no additional semantic or stylistic characteristics, since there is a lack of data — the word is found only in the dictionary of A. Juška (LKŽ XII 1031). It can only be said about it that it is probably a word of Lithuanian origin, related to lit. skraistė, to fly. Other names are already semantically connoted, have some additional meaning. Conditionally, they could be divided into two subgroups: names indicating the purpose of the skirt and names describing its appearance (color, shape or material from which it is sewn). The first subgroup would include words meaning the lower skirt. apatinė, apatinis, apatinūkas, apatininkas, apatninkas: apatinis, -ė. The lexicon apatinė was first recorded in 1644 (SP II 177). One another of these variants are used in some conversations, but it would be difficult to precisely define the area of use (LKŽ I, 185). In recent times, the words apatinis and apatinūkas have become common language. They mean not so much a lower skirt as a certain undergarment for women (DŽ, 18). padurikai: padufkas "skirt bottom", pūrti "to add, to sew" (Būga II 391). It is an old word, recorded in 17th-19th century writings (Lex 100; C II 826; R 267; K II 276; Kos 223; LKŽ IX 62). It is no longer used in this sense. The usual meaning is "the bottom of the skirt". The word has it now. pasagalas, pasagutė, pasaga, pasegalas, pasegamoji, pasegūtė, paseginė, pasegtinė, pasegas, pasegtinis “etc.” : run. It is used in the Utenis and northern Vilnius schnekts, occurs in the written 89 language (Blv; LzP; NdZ; LKŽ IX 442, pavilkinys, pavilkinis, pavilkinė: pavilkti. It is used in Žemaitija, presented in 20th-century dictionaries (NdŽ; DiinZ 252; LKŽ IX 696; DŽ, 531). In the 20th-cent461). ury writings, the term is sometimes used in the meaning of "man's sleeveless Russian garment". prisisegalas: to swear. Used in Belarusian Lithuanian Rodūnia dialect (LKŽ X 759). The second subgroup includes the following names: wrap skirt | “skirt wrapped at the waist on a rope”: wrap. This value is rare (LKZ I, 274). Sometimes they are referred to as covered furs. “canvas skirt": canvas, -€. It occurs in some places of eastern Lithuania (ESK). is7/ginis “such a garment, a skirt with a waistcoat, sewn from one": išri(gas. Fixed from writings (K II 133; M. Valanč; Sh; LKŽ IV venge “a skirt of this kind”: kefšas. It occurs in Lithuania (LKŽ V 623). monastic “long antique skirt": k/dsté. 149) (Sr; LKŽ VI 149). bordered “printed skirt; skirt": mottled (Skardžius 187, 188). 1943: 265; Buck 1949: 423). We find this word already in 1601 and 1606 in the texts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, cf. morgienia, morginia “mottled cloth, skirt” (Jablonskis 1941: 128, 360; Zinkevičius III 120-121). Thus, at least at that time, the name was apparently also used in Greater Lithuania. In the dialects of Lesser Lithuania in the 18th and 20th centuries it was quite widespread (Brand 1902: 95; K. Donel; MŽ 158; Glagau 1970: 235; Kapeleris 1970: 347; LB 39; KlvD 373; K 1461, 462; II 133). In the 19th century, Šileksema also occurred in north-eastern Žemaitija, but here it more often meant a shoulder covering (At Pr 163). The word is now rarely used in dialects, the meaning of sijon is found only in some places of Žemaitija (LKŽ VII 853; Janavičienė 1992: 77). It is also recorded in the Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian Language (DZ, 382). However, in general, its worse meaning is "marbled fabric", cf. lit. margénis "patterned, checked fabric", margiénis "poor home-made coloured fabric", marginys "marbled home-made marbled fabric". According to some sources, at the end of the 19th century such a lexicon (borrowed from Lithuanian) was also known in some parts of Latvia, but there, as most often in Žemaitija, it meant a kind of shoulder covering (At Pr 22). By the way, in Estonian the same word often meant both the shoulder covering and the above mentioned unsewed skirt (Acts 23). The word has also been used in some Polish and Belarusian dialects. marginja “fabric of linen yarns mixed with wool and cotton” (Urbutis 1992: 65; Laučiūtė 1982: 80), brus.vMapreHs5 “waffled fabric” (SBG III 32). This is also the case in the German dialects of East Prussia. Marginne’s little one “small print skirt": smu/kus. Recorded about Rietava 90 “margas sijonas", but it is sometimes mistakenly associated with lit. margas, not lit. su margin (Bielfeldt 1970: 49; "Skardžius 1972: 92). pašlavinis “toks skersstrižis sijonas": šluostyti". "Rare word (LKŽ IX 574)". puskudtis, puškūotinis “skirt of curled fabric": curled, puff. It was recorded in Plungė area (LKŽ X 1116). rainys, rainėlė, rainiukas “rained skirt": rdinas. It is found in the writings of some 19th-century writers (Blv; A. Vien). It is used in the dialect of Panevėžys and in some other places in Lithuania (LKŽ XI 55, 56; ESK). “thick coarse skirt": skirt. Recorded about Utena (LKZ XI stripe, striped “pink skirt": rose. It occurs in certain places in Lithuania (LKŽ XI 982, 983). skefsé, 507). cross-stripe, cross-stripe, step-grandson “cross-striped skirt". Used by the Žemaičiai, some western and southern Vysotsky schnekts, occurs in 20th century writings, common language word (NdŽ; V. Krėv; Mastonytė 1964: 145; LKŽ XII 825, 827; DŽ, 701). (LKŽ XIII 221). centaklostis, hundraklostis “pleated women’s garment (e.g. skirt or jacket)": sirūtas+ pletė. 1580) John (c. ¢emOras "a wide skirt worn by old women", cf. pol. czamara “long men’s outer garment” (LKŽ II, 67). It is a rather rare word, recorded in this meaning about Jurbarkas. There is a similar name in Belarusian, cf. gamapka “long outer garment made of buckskin”. The word came into Polish in the 16th century through italy, see also it. cimarra, it. dial. aciamarra “long garment; Fur, or through Spanish, cf. isp. chamarra (s. isp. gamarra) “fur coats”, from the Arabic language, cf. arab. sammur “fur coats; kailis" (Borejszo 1990: 134; Bartkiewicz 1974: 150; Fasmer IV 330). In Lithuanian, the more common name of this root is cemdrka “such an outer garment” (Guzevičiūtė 1991: 4, 17, 18; LKŽ II, 66). pasamėonai “daily, simple skirt or other clothing", cf. pl. pasamon“edge, dress edge" (Fraenkel 1955-1965: 543; LKZ IX 453). Otherwise in Lithuanian language more common meanings are “long skirt or clothes bottom; skirt edges". The word came into Polish in the 16th century from Italian, cf. Italian passamano “t.p.” (Brūckner 1927: 338; Borejszo 1990: 166). In Lithuanian language, the meaning of skirt is used in some places in southern and southwestern Lithuania, as well as in Punske (Ibid., pp. 453). žerstūkas, Zerstukas ‘skirt’. The origin is not quite clear. It is 91 probably derived from the Polish plg. left. szorstuch‘prijuostė‘, szarstuch ‘skara; Apron”. Į The word came from the German language, cf. Mitteldeutsch. a. schurztuoch “a apron; such a garment; outer clothing; Blouse" (Brūckner 1927: 541, 552; Borejszo 1990: 181). The German forms are composed of two words: Schurz “a apron” + TZūch “a skewer, rag” (Grimm XV 2070). The name is quite rare, occurring in some places in the south and south-west and east of Lithuania (LKA I 115 p., 193; LKZ K; LEB 344; Mastonyté 1961: 179). Many more often in Lithuanian are used words of these roots, which came from German or Polish languages and have the meaning of apron, cf. 127, 150; LKZ XIV 667, 698, 967) Šiurstokas, siurctukas, Ziurstokas, žiurstokas, šerštūkas, sestukas (Alminauskis I 127, 150; LKZ XIV 667, 698, 967). In writings as separate variants are already recorded from the XVI-XVII centuries (s7urctukas — BB1Moz 3, 7; Sestukas — SD(3) 437). BALTARUSISMS kabačikas “to wear, to support a skirt”, cf. brus. x20arrikx: "Ka6ar" (warm) vest". The word is also used in other Slavic languages, such as Polish. kabat“a tight blouse; durtinys”, rus. x204r, czech. kabatir kt. In some of them he was already known in the X-XI century, cf. s. x262r5B5 “such a long closure cloth" (Niderle 1956: 230). In Belarusian the word probably came from Polish (ĒSBM IV 9; SBG II 352). The Polish took it from the Hungarians in the 15th century. pocket “surdutas”. The origin of the word is rather unclear. Similar names are found in Persian, Arabic, Greek, Turkish, etc. (Stawski II 9; Borejszo 1990: 145; Fasmer II 150; Machek 1968: 233). This is rare in the Lithuanian language (Škn; LKŽ V 3). Somewhat more frequently used are also the Slavic kabacius, kabacikas, kabaciukas, kabacikas “dress without sleeves”, kobotas, kabotas “warm women’s clothing; vest’ (Ibid., pp. 281, 282). kvalbonučtis (hebr.) “skirt with buttons”, cf. lit. kva/bonas “mot. for embellishment of clothing (e.g. skirt, apron) sewed certain folds, pleats", cf. brus. xBa/s5OyorHa” pleated hem, rauktinukas”. Quite rare name (Ggr; LKŽ VI 1039). kvaldėtis (hebr.) “such a pleated skirt”, cf. lit. kva/da “klosté”, brus. xBaJ/pta “t.p.” Rare word (Sts; LKZ VI 1039). spadnycia, spadnincia, spadnica, spadnyca, sparnycia, spanycia “skirt (e.g. of a purchased fabric); bottom skirt". It probably came from the Belarusian language, pgl. brus. crrazHina, crraHiga ‘skirt’ (LKA I 193). Some variants may sometimes have come from Polish, cf. polk. shorts, shorts ‘t.p.’ The name of the Polish language comes from the Polish. spodni ‘apatinis’: spod<pod ‘po’ (Brūckner 1927: 424-425; Buck 1949: 423). In Lithuanian writings this word appeared only in the 20th century (NS 130; NdZ). It is used mainly in eastern Snekta, but also occurs in southern and western Lithuania (LKA I 115 g.; 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 299, 300, 299, 300, 299, 300, 299, 300, 299, 300, 301, 301, 301, 302, 302, 303, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309. 92 šimtakvėldis, šimtakvoldė (hebr.) "pleated women's garment, ppr. skirt or jacket, Simtaklostis”: Šimtakvoldis, -e “with many pleats” < Šrrūtas + kvoldas “fold”, cf. brus. xBavyra ‘t.p.’ It is a rare word, occurring in the 20th century language (LKŽ XIV 815). Similar hybrids are also used in Lithuanian: šimtakvaldė “clothed $varkelis”, Šimtakvolde “female sermega” (LKŽ XIV 815). NEAPIBREŽTIEJI SLAVIZMAI andarėkas, anderokas, andarékas, anderėkas “sijonas”, plg. lenk. andarak “t.p.”, brush. aHgapak, aH/[92paK “homemade striped or checked skirt" (Fraenkel 1955-1965: 10; LKA I 193). The word is also used in some other Slavic languages, e.g. aHzapak, Mi “wool skirt; apatinis sijonas“, ukr.azyrapaK sijonas", bulg. aHzapak “e.g.” The origin is not completely clear, but it probably came into the Slavic languages from the Germanic language, cf. Underrock“apatinis sijonas“ < unter “po” + Rock “sijonas” (Fasmer I 78; ĒSBM I 112-113; Kartowicz I 35). This name has also been borrowed by the Estonians, cf. undruk, undrok, undrek" skirt" (Acts 12). In Lithuanian writings, the word has been recorded only since the 19th century (JD 107). However, it must have entered the Lithuanian language much earlier, since it is one of the most common names of the skirt in Lithuania, along with the skirt used in Žemaitija and Užnemunė (LKŽ I, 134, 135; LKA I 115 p., 193; LzŽži21; DrskŽ 15; Dub 196). The word is now replaced by the common language word sijonas. It is also possible that the placenames Andarokine, Andarokinės tiltas (Būga 111 454) are related to andarokas. In the Lithuanian soil, derivatives of this name with stylistic connotations have also appeared, cf. andarėkšlis, andarokšlis "old, poor skirt". These words are also found in Belarusian Lithuanian dialects (LKŽ I, 134). indarokas “skirt”, cf. pol. Good luck, brother. dial. xHnzHepak “t.p.” (LKA I 193; Fraenkel 1955-1965: 10; Būga III 454). It is probably derived from the Germanic language of the Slavic languages. Unterrock "underskirt" (Brūckner 1927: 92; Borejszo 1990: 143-144; Bartkiewicz 1974: 174; ESBM I 112-113). In Lithuanian it is a much rarer variant than andarokas (J; JR 67; LKA I 193; LKZ IV 105). But Mr. andarcokas. jupik, jupikis “skirt”, pajupa (Hebrew) “underskirt”, cf. lit. jupa “such an upper garment”, jupkis “women’s jacket”, which in turn are related to the Polish. jupa, jupka, s. brus. roma “an ancient female garment; jacket", ronka skirt". The name comes from the German language, pgl. Joppe, Juppe "coat, vest". Germans borrowed this name of the garment from the Italian language about 1200 years ago, cf. it. giuppa “coat; undergarment- ", derived from the Arabic, cf. arab. gubba “outer garment with long sleeves; Cotton underwear’ (Brūckner 1927: 209; Stawski I 591; Fasmer IV 525; Kluge 1957: 333; Pfeifer 599-600). The same Arabic word was also the original source for lit. s7ba, Ziponas. This is how the skirt is called by the southern Samogitians of Raseiny (LKŽ IV 430; LKA I 193). 93 The variant may be recorded in ancient writings (C II 323; B; [K]; LKŽ IX lionas "sijonas- ", plg. rus. 136). Ca/rOI, rush. caror, left. salopa “a kind of outer women's clothing, a cloak". The word came to Slavic languages from Western Europe, see French salope, German. Saloppe "female cloak" (Fasmer III 550; Kartowicz VI 12; Kluge 1957: 621-622; Dauzat 1954: 17). It is a rare name found in eastern Lithuania (LKZ XII 354). More frequently used in Lithuanian are sa/opas, saliopas, sėliopas “warm long women’s cloak; apsiaustas" (LKŽ XII 81, 82, 354). sukenka, sukienka “skirt”, cf. pl. sukienka: suknra““ suknelė" (Borejszo 1990: 180), brush. cykeHka: CYKHA “e.g.”, used about Druskininkai and in some Belarusian Lithuanian dialects (DrskŽ 355; LKA I 193). See also dress. dress (hebr.), dress “skirt”, cf. brus. cyKHz “wool skirt; 1937) and dresses (c. „dress” means a dress; a kind of pleated skirt" (Fraenkel 1955— 1965: 938). Other Slavic languages also have the word, e.g. Russian cyKHg “suknelé- ”, Czech. dress “skirt” and others. It is a Slavic word, related to Rus. cyKzio, Polish. sukno “gelumbė", which in turn are related to the verb * sskati, cf. rus. 2nd ed., pg. sukac ‘sukinéti’ (Fasmer III 799; Brūckner 1927: 525; Buck 1949: 423). In the meaning of skirt, jj is used only by the Southern Highlanders (DrskZ 355; Mastonyté 1961: 178; LKA I 193; LKZ XIV 77). GERMANISMS kedelys, kėdilis "skirt, bottom skirt", cf. german. Jam. Keddel, East Prussia. kédel “short cloak; skirt" (Alminauskis I 64; Būga II 296; Fraenkel 1955-1965: 234). It is a dialect of the German. Kitte/“ (working) robe; blouse; jacket’ form. The word came to European languages from Arabic, cf. arab. gutn, gutun “cotton”, and reached German in the 12th century (Kluge 1957: 371; Pfeifer 658; Klein 848). There have been attempts to interpret this word by reference to Germanic or Indo-European languages in general (Vries 1971: 317). In Lithuanian, kedelys was first recorded in the 17th century (Lex 54 (in the meaning of a coat); Pr LXVII 19). It is found in later dictionaries of Lesser Lithuania, in folklore collections, in the works of K. Donelaitis (B; R 384; MŽ 5 16; K; N; KZ: Jrk12; KIvD 35; KlpD 19; Kabelka 1964: 109). It is also found in A. Juška's dictionary and his collections of folk tales (J; JD 258; JV 1022). This name is used by the western Žemaites, the Highlanders of Klaipėda region and some of the western Highlanders of Kaunas (LKA I 115 p., 193; At Pr 12 p.; LKŽ V 480, 482). The Latvians also borrowed this word from the Germans, cf. lat. kedele, kedelis “skirt”, the Curonian Spit residents, cf. kuršinink. kedile ‘t. p.”, and Poles, cf. polk. kiedel “skirt” (Sehwers 1953: 62, 232; ME II 359; Pietsch 1982: 78; Stawski nyderis “lower (skirt)”, cf. foot ‘Zemyn’. It is found in the Kuršėnai area (DūnŽ rūikis, razkinis, raikis, raikinis “packed skirt; "Silver-plated", pg. Rock “skirt” (Alminauskis I 113; Fraenkel 1955-1965: 746). According to K. Būga, the loanword entered the Lithuanian language through the Curonian language (Būga II 304), but it was probably derived directly from the German language. In some East Prussian German dialects, the transitional sound 2/iJ was pronounced after 0. Therefore, the expression is derived from the East Prussian ro2k “skirt” (Čepienė 1994: 160). The origin of German Rock is rather unclear. Some linguists try to associate it with s. air. rucht “tunic, woollen undergarment for men", others think it is a word of Germanic origin (Kluge 1957: 604; Pfeifer 1133). This name of the skirt is used in some places of Žemaitija, found in several dictionaries of the late 19th — 20th centuries (J rude meaning 94 IT 179-180). Other names from the same source are also used in Lithuanian, e.g. kedelys “jacket- ”, kitelis, kitlius “jacket with a military cut; canvas jacket’ (Ibid., pp. 904, 905). bad clothing; 513). KŽ; LKŽ XI 51, 911; LKA I 115 ž., 193). “Short skirt”, cf. German. Schurze, East Prussia. sorz, sšertš “a apron" (Alminauskis I 150; Fraenkel 1955-1965: 1316). It is a dialect of German. Schurz, Schiirze form. The name is of Germanic origin, linked to the English shirt “shirt”, short “short” (Kluge 1957: 685). The original meaning of shirt was “short garment” (Klein 1436). It occurs in Lithuanian scripts (Kos 159; NdZ; LKZ XIV 966). The word is also used in the meaning of apron. “skirt”, cf. German. dial. schlabbe “(children- ’s) apron, bib” (LKŽ XIV 1031-1032; Frischbier II 277). It is of German origin. schlabbern “to squeeze, to scrape” (Grimm XV 229, 230). It is very rare in the meaning of skirt (LKZ XIV 1032). It can also mean a long, sleeved, overhead outerwear for women or children, a short sleeveless outerwear (e.g. warm, fur), a vest, a jacket, a sleeveless dress. šliūcas “skirt with a side slit”, cf. Schlitz “siono skiltukas” (Frischbier II 287; LKŽ XIV1087). The Germanic word (Kluge 1957: 659). This is a very rare loanword in Lithuanian. NAME OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN liūčius, /fūčas, ličas “worn, poor skirt". The German language is spoken by the German-speaking population of Germany, the Germans. Litze “strip, border” (Fraenkel 1955-1965: 363). The word may have been derived from the Polish. fyczak “maiSinis audeklas". In Lithuanian writings the word appeared only in the 20th century, it is found in the area between Rokiškis, Kupiškis, Panevėžys, Pakruojis, Radviliškis, Raseiniai and Kėdainiai (LKŽ VII 95 400, 597; LKA see, as 1115 we see, 193). found about the number of skirt 40 names excluding (į šį variants). About half of them appeared in Lithuanian. However, names of Lithuanian origin are not very common. Even the basic name of this garment is Belarusian — skirt. The second most widespread — also Slavic — is the Andorok. Almost all names of Lithuanian origin have semantic connotations (except apsagalas and possibly skraidonas). 5 of them denotes the lower skirt, 14 defines the appearance of the skirt (color, material from which it is sewn). It should be noted that, as a rule, these names have a clearly defined meaning. Three names of Lithuanian origin are recorded as early as the 17th century — these are apatinė, padurkai and marginė. Other names appear in the language of the writings later — 7 names from the 19th-20th centuries are given in the Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian Language (1993): apatinis (apatinūkas), apsagalas, padurkas, pasagalas, pavilkinys, marginė, skersė (by the way, not all of them here mean skirt). It is hard to say whether all of them are used in colloquial language. 22 names of skirts came into Lithuanian from other languages. Some of them are quite common in Lithuanian dialects, others are more rare. Their meaning is often not as clearly defined as that of the words of their origin, e.g. žerstūkas, žerstūkas “skirt”; “shearer, shearer” apron; leather apron; poor apron”, Šiūrsė “lower skirt; apron”, “skirt”; long, sleeved, overhead outer garment for women or children; short outerwear without sleeves, vest, jacket; dress, sleeveless dress" and so on. The most borrowed words into Lithuanian came from Slavic languages (including hybrids) — 15 (6 Belarusisms, 3 Polonisms, 6 indefinite Slavisms). Germanisms found 6. In the common language, two names of foreign origin are used: Slavisms szjonas and suknia (suknčlė), but only the first in the meaning of skirt. In the 17th century writings, two borrowed forms are recorded: s7jonas (more precisely, the form sejonas) and the Germanism kedelys. LITTERACY AND SOURCES TRL i Alminauskis K I: The Germanisms of Lithuanian. The German Loan Words in Lithuanian 1, Kaunas, [1934]. At Pr —Hcropuko-stHorpaguieckuri arinac IlpkO6a/rruxn. Onexzaa, Pura: 3uHaTtHe,1986. B —Lexicon Germanico-Lithvanicum et Lithvanico-Germanicum, darinnen- ... by Iacobo Brodovskij. (Rankratinis vokie€iy-- lietuviy kalbų žodynas, du tomai, apie 1740 m.) Bartkiewicz M. 1974: Odziez i wngtrza domow mieszczanskich w Polsce w drugiej pofowie XVI iw XVII wieku, Wroclaw.- .. etc. : Zakład narodowy imienia Ossolifiskich Publishing House National Academy of Sciences. BB —Biblia tatai esti wissas Schwentas Raschtas Lietuwischkai perguldytasperJang Bre tk un a Lietuwos Plebong Karaliaucziuie. Bdr-Jablonskis I. Budriy kaimas, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijy leidykla, 1993. Bielfeldt H. H. 1970: The Baltic loanwords and relic words in German. — Domum Balticum, Stockholm, Sweden. Blv-Jonas Balvočius —Gerutis (1842-1915- ), his writings. Borejszo M. 1990: Names of clothing in Polish until 1600, Poznan: Wydawnictwo 96