Ne liaudies etimologijos (kelių germanizmų kilmės patikslinimas)

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XXXVIII (1997) Nijolė ČEPIENĖ NE Linguists sometimes, not being able to explain the borrowed origin, not finding a suitable parent word, link mo jį su with a similarly sounding word of similar iš meaning, which coincides with the morphemic composition of the part, i.e. based on folk etymology. The German data allows to clarify the origin of some of the borrowed words without adjusting to their own words. jų Auslander, aūslenderis zool. ‘carob (Melolontha)“ ir other variants, spread about Tauragė (see LKA I 157, map 84) and about Šilalė, Telšiai have the forms aūslinda, auslinda, auslinda, probably originated from v. Linde „liepa“, cf. s.s. linda, s. germ. lind (Kluge 1957: 441), Prussian /hereinafter Pr.v./Lenne "maple" (Fr II 20) (nn i$ nd dél assimilation, Lasch 1914: § 323), with the addition of the German prefix aus "from". Forms with -a may have come from German dialects with a vocalized -a instead of -er, cf. raka "breakhead", broda "brother" (Mitzka 1919: § 61), muta "mother", fota "father" (Wenzel 1919: § 110). In these places, the carp is called "liepnis (maple), from liepa (maple)", because it feeds on the leaves of these trees. The above forms should not be associated with, listi į ausį," cf. LKŽ I 505 next to this word: "Children, in the evening beware that the earplug does not get into the ear" (Užv). Baldė "wooden vessel, half bowl, low building" is recorded in J. Basanavičius' tales (BsMt II 186), used in Žemaičių dialects (Prk, Klp, Plng), cf. Pr. v. Balge "large tub for washing laundry" (Fr 51), w.v.w. ba/ge „kubilas, vonia“ (Sehwers 1953: 8). Buss (1987: 142) believes that the consonant d' may have arisen from contamination with lit. ba/dai. However, it is not necessary to combine this loanword with furniture, because in W. Ziesemeri dictionary we find Pr.v. forms with d: bald), baldj "wooden vessel" (PrW I 379), which is probably the basis of lit. baldė. In addition, lit. ba/dai with the meaning “various household items”, found in the writings of S. Daukanto, M. Valančiaus, A. Juška’s dictionary, could have originated from Pr.v. bald). The connection of the lexicon bardai with bélsti in E. Fraenkel's Zodyn is not convincing. The sentences in the large LKZ show the closeness of the Lithuanian meaning of the word to the German. S. Daukantas refers to vessels as furniture: “They made their own furniture for the house, by the way: tubs, bosses, yarns, aktainiai, legeras, rakandas, wicker” (LKŽ I 589). Furniture is widespread in the western and northern part of Lithuania, where there was contact with the German language. And the meaning “room furnishings (tables, chairs, cupboards, etc.)” is probably new, outgrown 180 ir iš “wooden containers”. Precious wine "vodka" is found mainly Eastern Prussia in Lithuanian writings (C 1122, B284, R II 82, MZ, N, K, Kel 1881, 45, KlvD 168, K. Donel, PVG 287, KZ) bei JV 640, Rdm. K. Alminauskis derives the šį word v.v.Z. iš Brantwin, which is adapted to lit. sparkling wine. However, W. Ziesemeri dictionary contains Eastern Pr.v. Branwin form ‘t.p.’ (PrW I 764), plg. v.g. brandewin (Sehwers 1953: 16). In most Eastern The sound combination of Prussian German dialects was gutturalized nd į ng (Mitzka 1919: $$ 74, 123, Ziesemer 1924: 123, 130, 132). In addition, in a large area of Middle German Samogitian, nd was pronounced in place of 7, although nd remained in the spelling (Lasch 1914: 324). Therefore, it is not necessary to combine a debt wine with an expensive wine. Buse, -is “a metal part of the hub that holds the axle; the part of the machinery in which the shaft rotates; sleeve”. In addition to the borrowed buksal, KZ, Vrn, Klm, Šlčn, Krkl, būksė Krtn, būksas KZ, Up, Vdk, Skd, Sién, būkšas "etc." N, K, KŽ, Br, Snt and other variants (see LKA I 100, 40 maps) written with words and without k: būšė Klp, bušis BzF 104, J, Pln, Rt, Grg. K. Aliminauskis believes that the bush originated from Pr.v. buxse "t.p.", after k, in combination with lit. ašis. But in W. Ziesemeri dictionary we find Pr.v.ž. form without the consonant x (v. x is usually consonant K in borrowed words): busse „t.p.“ (Ibid., pp. 853). Thus, the consonant x has already disappeared in German. In addition, in some dialects of Prussian German, x was pronounced as a soft $ (Riemann 1974: 44). Thus, the bush, bush is not necessary to align to the axles. Anchor. Already in the 16th century (BP I 203, R, MZ, NdZ, JD, KlpD) and used in common language, the borrowed ifikaras “a device (hook) to attach a ship to the shore or sea, lake or river bottom” K. Alminauskis, based on A. Leskienas (LsB 446), derives from v. Anker “t.p.”, which is adapted to Lithuanian kdrti due to popular etymology, and has the added prefix m -(f). This is also the origin of the word explained by E. Fraenkel (FrnW 185). Other researchers are also based on these linguists. The origin of this debt can be clarified. In the eastern part of East Prussia, a could be pronounced as e or even;, particularly before /joined (/, /t, /d, IP) and nasal consonants (Natau 1937: $$ 11, 13). In the 16th-century German we find the written variant Enker "anchor" (ME I 570). Let’s compare the Latvian anikurs, ankurs “incaras- ”, derived from v. Anker, Enker. Thus lit. ifūikaras could have come from the East Prussian German Enker or 'Inker „etc.“ And ankara „iron or wooden anchor“, recorded from Grūžiai (Pasvalio r.), probably came directly from v. Anker, cf. s.v.a. anchar, and has not come through the Polish ankra „sankaba, hook, anchor“, as E. Fraenkelis (FrnvW 185) believes, based on A. Leskien and K. Brugmann (LB 201). Krimka. In addition to the borrowed form, there is also "chewed, sucked tobacco, gum", Ss, Vikv, Prk, has and krimke V.Kudir., Krok, cf. v. Krimkė probably is not adapted to lit. krimsti, because there are more borrowed words with the consonant k instead of p or variants with p and 4 e.g.: kraposas “chief of the army prison” N, K, cf. v. Profof ‘t.p.’ ; purmonas „vežikas, vazmininkas“ MZ II kūrmonas 181 200, N, K, Nv ir ‘t.p.’ OZ 28, BM 13, LB 164, Er, kurman Ds, BM 192, Alks, A.Vien., plg. v. Fuhrmann, 1. furman, brus. churman; plécius "place, area, square" H, Q 354, B 850, R II 303, N, K, KZ, JD 1162, Bs Mt II 51, Ck, ir Jn klécius' Lex 68, C 333, II 221, 402, O 391, R 63, II 148, MZ II 374, N, /K/, KZ, kiécius C II 61, B 927,981, 1014, kiécis ‘calf pasture’ LKZ VI 23 (Rt), plg. v. Square, 1. square, square. Robber. Let's compare the Slavisms ir pleban klebonas, iš derived from the Polish p/eban, kleban (LKŽ X 121, VI 21). For the aforementioned borrowings no German su base word consonant was found £. Therefore, perhaps these words su £ entered į the Lithuanian language through iš Slavs or other dialects. "Playing the Harp" NdZ, FrnW, plg. v.v.g. Jute „Jiutnė“ (such a flute) (MndW II 754). E. Fraenkel explains that the word ur /urtūoti "to play with harps" may have come from the imitation of sounds in folk etymology, adapted to ar the Lithuanian /uitioti "(with clay) to putty, to smear" (FrnW 389). In Lithuanian dialects there are more borrowed diphthongs ur, e.g.: ruimas (rūimas) "spacious ir free place; room, room“, ir ruilis (rūilis) „wheel, su roller for leveling the ground“, Ššrūi/ė (Suilé) „school“, builis „bull“, steering wheel, ship’s helm“ and others. In the eastern part of East Prussia, the German 7, 6, 0 were diphthongized into ui, of (see Čepienė 1994: 158-161), so the aforementioned borrowings originated from the base words of East Prussian German dialects. Thus the verb /urtūoti "to play with harps" is derived from the borrowed Yuit "harps". Orškis (urskis) "sausage. 1999. pp. 10. "Skolinj orskis Alm, ūrškis KZ, Klp, Prk K. Alminauskis kildina iš v.z. worst „t.p.“ and combines with lit. varškės. However, in Lithuanian there are variants of words with the consonants fir 4, e.g.: builtis „thick nail for wheel rims“ G 80, KZ, Krt and bulkis Rt, cf. Pr. v. bult "screw, screw, arrow, thick nail, rod, thread" (Alm), v.v.z. bo/te “arrow, screw” (Sehwers 1953: 20); spunta „volė“ in East Prussian Lithuanian dictionaries from the 17th century, spuntas N, Prk, Lž, Dov and spūnka Rtr, Š, NdZ, KZ, S.Dauk., Sln, Rk, Rd, Slv, plg. Prv. spunt, spunt ‘t.p.’ (Alm (PrW)), v.s. spind ‘t.p.’ (Sehwers 1953: 118). In Lithuanian words on the eastern-southern edges of Lithuania #’ is confused with k'(o d’with g) (Zinkevičius 1966: § 154; Savičiūtė, Vitkauskas 1976: 146-148). But provided borrowed with & written in western and northern Lithuania. In addition, the loan spunta t is not soft. Lexical variants with Zir £ are also found in German, cf. v.z. Matenir Maken "girl, girl" (Hinze 1985: 33), Eastern Pr.v. "Stinntir" (Fr II 372). Therefore, in the borrowed orškis (ūrškis) "sausage" consonant £ did not arise due to adaptation to lit. varške. "Rakuten Kobo: Kobo's Kitchen". K. Būga considered this word Lithuanian and associated it with ragas. In the great LKŽ (XI 36) ragole KII1168, Žgč, Trg, Žv, Sk, NmS derives from 1. regaf Probably this loanword has entered into Lithuanian! Probably mistaken Mr. Skardžius (Skardžius 1931: 103) considers the consonant k/čcius in the k-borrowing as a spelling error, because this word appears in many East Prussian Lithuanian dictionaries. 182 language iš Pr.v. ragd/ ‘shelf’ as specified K. Alminauskis (plg. v.v.Z. king "order, order" (Month W III 453)), o not composed iš liet. ragas. In order to understand the origin of the borrowed words, we should first look for the base words in the borrowed iš language, in its dialects. LITERATŪRA Alm: Alminauskis K. The Germanisms of Lithuanian. Tėil 1: Die deutschen Lehnwėrter in der Litauischen, Kaunas: Šv. 1934. (in Lithuanian) Kazimiero d-jos knygynas. Bušs O. 1987: No germanism vēstures (balla, bajge, balva).—Latvian language contact studies, Riga: Zinatne, 135-145. 1994: The origin of the diphthong ui in German borrowings. —Questions of Lithuanian Linguistics 34, 158-161. Hinze FE 1985: Two German loanwords in the Baltic languages. —Baltistica 21(1), 33-36. Kluge FE 1957: Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, 17th edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. L asch A. 1914: Grammar of Middle Low German, Halle: Verlag von Max Niemeyer. LKZ: Lietuviy kalbos Zodynas, Vilnius: Mokslas [and others], 1956-1996. T. 1-17. ME: K. Milenbacha Latviesu valodas vardnica I, edited, supplemented, completed J. Endzelins, Riga: Kultūras fonda izdevums, 1923-1925. Mitzka W. 1919: East Prussian Low German north of the Ermland, Marburg: N.G. Elwert'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. MndW: Schiller K,Libben A. Middle Low German Dictionary II, Miinster in Westf. : New York: HarperCollins, 1931. N atau O. 1937: Language and Settlement in the Northeastern OstreuBen, Königsberg and Berlin: Ost-Europa-Verlag. Prof. W. ZiesemerW. Preußisches Worterbuch 1-2, Königsberg, 1935-1944. P. V. G.: Gromates, threats and tales of the Prussian authorities to Lithuanian peasants. 1960. (in Lithuanian) Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla, 1960. Riemann E. 1974: Prussian dictionary I, Neumünster: Karl Wachholtz Verlag. Savičiūtė G,VitkauskasV Priebalsių £:k and d:; g mixing in Švendubrė dialect. — Baltistica 12 (2), 146-149. Sehwers J. 1953: Linguistic and cultural-- historical investigations primarily on the German influence in Latvian, Berlin. Skardžius Pr. 1931: The Slavic loanwords in Old Lithuanian, Kaunas: Akc. "Spindulio b-vés spaustuvė". Wenzel FE 1919: Studies on the Dialectography of the Siedliche Upper Lusatia and North Bohemia, Marburg: N. G. Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Ziesemer W. 1924: Die ostpreuBischen Mundarten, Breslau: Ferdinand Hirt. Zinkevičius Z. 1966: Lithuanian dialectology, Vilnius: Mintis. The abbreviations of the names of sources and places of residence given after the examples are the same as in the Great Lithuanian Dictionary. 183 KEINE VOLKSETYMOLOGIEN (CLARIFICATION DES ORIGIN EINIGER GERMANISM IM LITHUANIAN) Summary At the Explanation of the Origin of the Wörter stūtzen sich die Linguists sometimes refer to the Folk etymology. Die Information of the German language allow the Clarification of the Origin of some Loan words without their Ankniipfung an native Lithuanian words. Bed. 4uslenderis (islanderis)zool. ,Maikifer (Melolontha)" and the Forms ads/inda, auslinda, auslinda do not connect with. lit. "You'll į get an ear" (‘ins Ohr kriechen®), they come from the German. Linde. Es is not necessarily lit. baldé ,,Wood factory, low factory“the Wort ba/dai „Mėbel“ to adapt, the da dt. Form with d (soon), soon ,HolzgefaB) im W. Ziesemers "Prussian Worterbuch® stands. AuBerdem is the in E. Fraenkel’s “Lithuanian etymological dictionary” presented Reference to the lit. furniture 'Mobel' an bélsti „pochen“ not convincing. Die Significance ‘Mēbel (tables, stands, cabinets, etc.)” is probably new, the “HolzgefaBen” emerged. Brangvynas,- brandy is not the lit. expensive wine (expensive wine) because the Voice nd in connection many German Mouthpieces OstpreuBens zu ng was gutturalized, cf. dt. dial. brapwin. Im Article will be the Origin still this Borrowing words practiced: base, -is (Biichse), ifikaras (Anchor), krimké (Priemchen), melted (on the Playing lutes), orskis (Screaming) (Sausage- ), ragole (grunts) (Regal for Kiichengeschirr). So at Explanation of the Origin of the borrowed words mul man first after the Basic words of in Loan language, their mouths search and not focus on the Folk etymology stiezen. 184