F. W. Haacko „Vocabvlarivm Litthvanico–Germanicvm, et Germanico–Litthvanicvm“ (Halle, 1730)

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XXXIX (1998) Vincent DROTVINAS Vilnius Pedagogical University F.W. HAACKO,,VOCABVLARIVM LITTHVANICO-GERMANICVM, GERMANICO-LITTHVANICVM¢ ET (HALLE, 1730)’ 1. Hearing pietism. XVII pab. a. The Lutheran Church in Germany has a long history of — pietism. Jo pioneer German theologian Philippas Jakobas Spener in the (1635-1705) software The Pia desideria sought to improve the life of the church through expanding individual piety. ir To implement these ideas in practice began Spener's friend the priest Augustas Hermannas Francke (1663-1727). After studying theology ir and oriental modern languages, he proclaimed his Southernist ideas in Leipzig and Erfurt, became one of the most active Spener's followers Halles (Brandenburg) Land. 1692 m. Francke was invited į Halle for the position of a ir priest university professor. The University of Halle, founded in 1694, became the center of Southernism. Francke began his work with 4 Taler and 16 Groschen, caring for the poor children of Glaucha in the suburbs of Halle in his parish house. His Southernist propaganda was accompanied by energetic organizational pedagogical activities. In the first decades of the 18th century, Halle began to operate schools of several levels, a shelter for homeless and poor people (orphanage) with production and agricultural units (bread bakery, laundry, pharmacy, printing press with publishing house, botanical garden, etc.) was established. In 1730 there were 3,000 pupils and educators. Pietism as a religious movement soon spread to European countries, both because of the distribution of Pietist literature in various languages and because of the students from many countries who studied in Halle. Southernist mission activities aimed at Russia, India, the North America. ' This article is based on an extended paper read at the colloquium Halle als Zentrum der Übersetzungstatigkeit (Halle as the Centre of Translation Activities) in Halle on 14 November 1996. For the German version of the article, see (Drotvinas: 1998). For the opportunity to study Lithuanian studies in Halle and to work in the Halle archives and library, I sincerely thank Prof. Dr. Dr. J. K. Franke, Director of the Franckeschen Stiftungen of the Faculty of Theology of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. Paul Raabe and the director of the Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Southernism at the faculty, Prof. Dr. Udo Strater, as well as the director of the library (Hauptbibliothek Franckeschen Stiftungen), Dr. Thomas Miller. On this occasion I cannot fail to thank doc. dr. Gertrude Bense, Halle Baltic studies researchers and traditions, for sincere professional cooperation. 82 Nors The theologians of the University of Karaliaučius remained traditionally orthodox Lutherans for a longer period of time, Halle Pietism had ir an influence here. Po 1709-1711 m. the great jo famine was ir especially marked by the lack of preachers and teachers Mažojoje In Lithuania. For to The University of Halle began to train priests of the southern orientation, who knew be German and the national languages, thus preachers for Lithuanian Polish ir parishes. 2. Halle Lithuanian Language Seminar ir jo people. The Prussian government made considerable efforts to strengthen ir Lutheranism and expand education in the country. Dar 1718 m. King of Prussia Friedrich I ordered the establishment of Lithuanian language seminars in Karaliaučius and Halle. The first seminary started operating in Karaliaučius in 1723. Such a seminary (Seminarium Lithuanicum, Littauisches Seminar, Preuflisch Seminar) of the Faculty of Theology of the University of Halle was established only in 1727 and operated until 1740.” The seminar also pursued Germanization goals. In selecting candidates, Francke had to follow the King's instruction to propose to the preachers and teachers appointed to Prussia people who were not of Prussian descent (Skrupskelis 1967: 15-16). Students of theology, future preachers of Lithuanian parishes and teachers of church schools were supported by the head. Freitisch, i.e., was supported by the government. A dozen people attended the seminar every year, with a total of about 40 students (Schiller 1994: 195—223). One of the conditions for successful preparation for pastoral work was the knowledge of the Lithuanian language. After all, all the students of the Lithuanian language seminary in Halle had to promise to go to the Lithuanian parishes of Prussia after completing their studies. Some of them had studied at the University of Karaliaučius and attended the Lithuanian language seminar established there earlier. The Halle seminary taught Lithuanian, prepared materials for its study, and took care of the publication of Southern literature in Lithuanian. In the 1730s and 1740s Halle became the second centre of Lithuanian studies after Karaliaučius (Gineitis 1990: 54—55; Gineitis 1995: 63; Palionis 1995: 126; Zinkevičius 1990: 249-252; Drotvinas 1998: 157-171). It is clear that the Halle seminary could only fulfil its purpose by properly organizing Lithuanian language teaching. This required qualified teachers and appropriate textbooks. From the history of Lithuanian grammar it is known that the first Lithuanian grammar “Grammatica Litvanica” was published in 1653 in Karaliaučius by the Lithuanian priest of Tilžė, the translator of hymns Danielius Kleinas, and the German grammar “Compendium Litvanico-Germanicum” was published a year later. In 1673, the grammar "Compendium Grammaticae Lithvani- * Others believe that the Halle seminary operated until 1765 (Skrupskelis 1967: 17; Lebedys 1977: 151), but neither the first historians of the seminary (Specht 1935) nor current researchers (Schiller 1994) specify this year. Perhaps this opinion could have arisen because Freitisch was funded until 1765, but his services were used by students of various specialties. 83 cae”. Although these grammars ir provided a certain range of descriptions of the Lithuanian grammar system and a choice of teaching ir tools, the first Lithuanian dictionary Mažojoje In Lithuania, it made its way much harder than the first grammar. There are also dictionaries and dictionary editors. In the vo Subterranean of Sagramatics D. Klein wrote a Lithuanian dictionary su together with ir grammars (grammaticam novam una cum annexo Compendium Germanic, ut et Lexico Lithuanian, gvae ad pedes Serenisfime Vefirae Celtitud. Subiectiffimi depono), but for a long time the Lithuanian dictionary There was no small town. The lack of a dictionary made it Eastern The dictionary was finally needed, in Klein’s words, only for the benefit of the young D. church scholars, but not for the ne benefit of the ir ir “to those who su communicate with Lithuanians or rule them in ir justice” (Compendium, p. 2). In the absence of the aforementioned D. Klein's ar other dictionary, the jo preparatiir on of the publication became more and more relevant ir XVIII a. On the conditions for the preparation of the ar jo Lithuanian language dictionary Little is known about Hall. Although between Halles ir Karaliaučius theological ir universities there was a kind of competition for the authorization of the preparation of religious literature in ir Lithuanian, there was no talk about specific ideas for the preparation of a dictionary.” Circumstances led to the fact that the role of the first printed Lithuanian language dictionary in Lithuania Minor fell not to Karaliaučius, but to the Lithuanian Language Seminary in Halle. The conditions for the creation of the dictionary are at least partly explained by an overview of the life and Lithuanian-pedagogical activities of two Lithuanian writers and linguists who worked in Halle — Johann Richter and Friedrich Wilhelm Haack. Perhaps the first indication of the preparation of the dictionary can be found in a letter dated January 26, 1727 from Klaipėda superintendent Johann Arnold Pauli (1682-1741). Francke. In it, Paul wrote that two of his men were collecting words from printed Protestant writings and preparing a dictionary. It may be assumed that this dictionary was intended to reflect the vocabulary of the religious writings of the time (Winter 1954: 44—47). We will probably not be mistaken if we say that the preparation of linguistic works and, in particular, dictionaries in the first decades of the 18th century was connected with the translation of Protestant writings into Lithuanian, their preparation for printing and their publication. The publications of Luther’s Little Catechism (1722), the New Testament (1727), the second edition of John Reza’s hymn “Pfalter Dowido” (1728), the Bible (1735) and others, which appeared in Lithuanian at that time, became an impulse for the lexicographic work: for some they were a convenient source for preparing dictionaries, for others they opened their eyes to the fact that it is not appropriate to limit oneself only to book vocabulary, that it is necessary to collect material of living language. * For more details on Franckes’ plans to prepare a translation of the Bible and other Halle Lithuanian publications, see 1996: 120. 84 The first Lithuanian language seminar was taught by a Lithuanian from Klaipėda Jonas Richteris (Johann Richter 1705-1754). began his theological studies at the University of Karaliaučius, probably attending ir the Lithuanian language seminary there. At the University of Halle Richter was enrolled in 1727 m. May, graduated 12 with the degree of tą magister artium and was appointed a lecturer in the ir seminar, but worked for a short time, until ir 1728 m. autumn. It is believed that now Halles Franckes Foundation Library (Hauptbibliothek der Franckeschen Stiftungen) a manuscript 1728 m. German-Lithuanian dictionary by an unknown author is re-written Richter. Departed Another person from Klaipėda was appointed in place of Richter Friedrichas Wilhelmas Haackas (1705-1754), Priest of the Lithuanian parish of Kretingalė Erdmano He was the son of Haack, who was involved in 1719 m. editing the Catechism of Lysias. From 1724 m. studied Karaliaučiaus, from 1727 m. University of Halle, where he attended lectures Lithuanian language o 1728 seminar, m., after departure Richter, up to 1732 m. seminary himself taught Lithuanian ir language led him (Biržiška 1963 : 67-69). About There has been no new ir information about Haacko's life and activities recently. He is, however, mentioned in recent German biobibliographical dictionaries, for example in the “Dictionary of Biographies and Bibliographies of Foreign Language Teachers in the German Language Area” (Schroder 1989: 179). Haack's life (but without new facts) and work are described in more detail in the "Bio-bibliographisches Handbuch der Linguistik des 18. Jahrhunderts" (Bio-bibliographical Handbook of Linguistics of the 18th Century) (1996: 2-3). * Although Haacko’s biography is similar to Richter’s (Lithuanian origin or at least little knowledge of Lithuanian, theology studies in Karaliaučius and Halle, the same work in spreading the ideas of Pietism in Lithuanian parishes), his activity lasted somewhat longer and was therefore more productive. Haacko's first Lithuanian printed work was probably the translation into Lithuanian of "Ordentliche Lehre des Heyls der Seele" (1714) by the famous German theologian and hymn author, Francke's fellow Anastasius Freylinghausen (1670-1739), translated by him and his students, known as "Dawadnas Mėkflas apie Dufsiés IGganimą [...] iįgdūtas nig Draugū Lietuwifskos Ifškalos [...]" (1729). His publication showed how difficult it was to establish a Lithuanian school of writing and publishing in Halle, and showed that there were not many people able to translate Southern hymns into Lithuanian. For in the first edition of „Dawadno Mėk|f lo [...]“ there are four, in the second five hymns, not new, but already translated into Lithuanian (Drotvinas 1997: 461-468). * In 1728-1732 Haack was sent as an interpreter and companion of the Salzburg colonists to Auschwitz. There is no record of this period in the Salzburg Landesarchiv. —In 1733 Haackas was ordained a priest in Berlin, then deacon in Gumbinė, priest in Gerviškėnai, from 1734 until his death was a priest in Pilkalnis. 85 It is to concluded that Halle lacked qualified Lithuanian scholars (Gineitis 1995 : 63). Haack worked under somewhat more favourable conditions, but he had to perform a task that he did not accomplish Richteris. Based on the already accomplished In Karaliaučius get out New Testament (1727) ir psalmine (1728), Haack prepared a two-part dictionary ‘Vocabvlarivm Lit-thvanico-Germanicvm, et Germanico-Litthvanicvm, Darin alle im Neuen Teftament and Pfalter befindlichen Words after the Alphabet contain find, Nebft one Beginning of a short Lithuanian Grammatic prepared by Friedrich Wilhelm Haack [...]. Hall: Druckts Stephanus Orban, Univerf. Buchdr. 1730.“ su a short supplement to the Lithuanian grammar.’ It was the first printed Lithuanian zodyak ever Eastern Prussia. Unequal parts of the dictionary: the first — lictuviy-vokieciy kalby — is greater (1-151 than p.) ir has 4886 words (Abažas, 30 das Lager — 3ywatas, der o Leib), the second — part of the German-- Lithuani- — an (152-230 language is smaller p.) —has 4361 words (Aaron —Aornas —Zwolffte —Twelfth- ).” More than 100 words are found only in the Lithuanian—German part, more than 50 words of both parts have different German (or Lithuanian) equivalents, more than 20 heading words differ in construction, spelling, etc. ir In the German-- Lithuanian section, it is shown which German word is echoed by one or several (2-5) Lithuanian words, but their grammatical characteristics or other features are not repeated. It is rather a sort of index of Lithuanian equivalents of German words. 3. A psychological review of the vocabulary. The Haack dictionary's lexical inventory is determined by sources. For this reason, its content should be divided into thematic groups and their proportions should be determined by knowing the inventory of sources. As researchers point out, Haackas took the words from the aforementioned sources not in their entirety, but by selecting them (Palionis 1995: 130). We do not yet have a detailed study of the lexicon of the dictionary, so here we will try to discuss it in another way. One of the more characteristic thematic layers of the content is religious ecclesiastical vocabulary, which is more convenient to divide into specific and general. From the actual lexicon, first of all, personal nouns are given, namely, the names of the biblical patriarchs, prophets, apostles: Abel, o; Abraham, or Abraham; Adam, or Adam; Aoronas, in Aoron; Bartholomew, the son of Bartholomew; Dowidas, do der David; Jekubas, because of Jacob; Jonas, no the John; Powilas, lo der Paulus, etc., some of them retaining the influence of the intermediate Polish language, for example Aliofjus, will get; Eliophsus, gaus of Elias; Esaiofyus, gaus of Esaias; Malakiofsus, from Malachias; Jė3us, * The preface (Vorbericht) to the dictionary was written by the director of the foundation, Gotthilf August Francke, who gave an overview of the Lithuanian language seminar (Koženiauskienė 1990: 463). “There is also a double number of words (Palionis 1995: 131). 86 3rd Jefus; Jobas, bo der Job, faulty, ftaus Chriftus; Matthew o the Baptist Matthaus; Mephistopheles, gaus der Meffias; Moiseefsus, gaus. Rarer female names such as Marya, die 6s Maria; Rebecca Rebecca; 3hours, és the Sarah. 3uzane, nės die Sufanna. Much less in the dictionary of place names, such as Akaja, its Achaia; Egypt, to Aegypten; Ephesus; 30 Judea, 6s Judea; Jerusalem, lės Jerusalem; Kenkrea, 6s Kenchrea; Zodoma, mos Sodom ir kt. It is noticeable that in the dictionary nė there is not one Prussia ar The smallest locality in Lithuania. ar The general vocabulary of the dictionary can be illustrated by the following ir lexical terms referring to certain religious concepts: heaven: Sky, clouds Der Heaven; himmlifch; ko Dangifska(fis, kojo der Himlifche; Dangun’=3engimmas, mo die Ascension to Heaven; God: Somethio ng, God; Dievifzkas, ko godly; Thief's catfish, kojo der Divine; Diewo = Deceiver, jo ein God's = contempt; Diewo=ne(ibijgs, jancio ein Gottlofer; Diewo=nephibiafis, promised der Gottlofe; Diewo=Skryne, nės der Gottes=Ka(ten; Diewy(te, (the Godhead; plg. dar Bediewis, wjo a God-praiser; Bediewifskas, ko gottloB, Bediewyf- (te, and dic Gottlofigkeit; Greek: Grekas, ko die Siinde; Grielingas, go fūndlich; Greek, ko ein (tinder; Greek woman, you are a sinner. Greek=Twanis, nio die Stind—fluth; Greek = Apiera, rose Stind = Sacrifice; Griefiti fūndigen; Griefsnas, no fūndlich; Grief3na(- (is, nojo a sensitive; der Prophet: the Prophet; Prarakauti weiffagen, propheseyen; Prarakawimas, mo the marriage; Prarakiene, and say Prophetin; Prarakifskas, ko prophetic; Praraky(- te, és the marriage, the prophecy; plg. dar Blu3znijimas, mo the lifting; Blu3niti laftern; Blu3nitojis, no fit Lafter. Of course, this is not the entire religious vocabulary, because some words can have both a literal (“secular”) and a religious (more abstract) meaning, for example, to rejoice (examples are written in current spelling and without German equivalents), to avenge, to suffer, to shame; pity, revenge, deceit, conscience, hypocrisy, etc. The following are some of the more common thematic subgroups, including animal names, of which the most abundant are sheep, ram, lamb, lamb, sheep, sheep herd, lamb, as well as donkey, deer, pig, goat; names of birds: genus “garnys, egrets”, rooster, dove, eagle, turtle, quail, quail, crow, sparrow, etc. ; Plant names: vegetable, fir, thorn, willow, juniper, wheat, mint, barley, Pyga eine Feige, cf. Pygos=Tree; verba also borgens cimerninkas, kažemėkas, etc., see also 87 ‘a Palm" kt. ; ir relative names: brother, father, father-in-law, child, grandson; daughter, daughter-in-law, daughter-in-law, daughter-in-law, daughter-in-law, daughter-in-law, daughter-iir n-law, daughter-iir n-law, daughter-in-law ; names of occupations: goldsmith, berner ‘the Knecht", worker, gardener, blacksmith, shepherd, hunter, customs officer, potter, gatekeeper, plumber, etc. ir an overview of book studies lexicon (Kaunas 1996 : 141-142). Continuing the lexicological review of the dictionary, we should stop at synonyms. There are few synonyms for self-contained lexems in the dictionary, e.g. Banga, gos cine Weighed it. Welle ir — Vilnius, iės eine Welle (in Waffer), Buttas, to ir — Nammai, ma das Haus, singing ir giedoti — singen ir etc. Much more constructive synonyms (variants). They are followed by derivatives of the same Root suffixes of close, similar meanings, for example, Memory, Truth, Remembrance, mo ir Monument, klo are translated by the same German word das Poem; Pafekkejas, yes, Sekkejas, yes, Sekkiotojis, jo — one Successor; Creator, he, the Creator, jo — der Creator; Aukfstybe, bės, Aukfstumas, mo — the High; Many, bēs, Daugummas, mo — the quantity; Gillybe, bės, Gillummas, mo —the depth; Jaunyfte, ės, Youth, mo —die Jugend; Ifsganytas, Isganytingas —{celig; Waikaitis, cio —ein Kindlein (not Enkelkind "grandson!") and Waikelis, lio —ein Kindlein etc., cf. dar Surinkimas, mo a common, a Assembly ir Compression, mo die Assembly; S3wiefa, sos, S3wiefybe, és das Licht (lux) and so on. Synonyms with different but similarly meaningful prepositions are also made from stranimybiy (the origin of the words was not yet understood and distinguished- ), Mierny(te, és, Miernummas, mo —die MaBigkeit; Wiesliby(te, és the virtue, the goodness; Wie3libummas, mo the honorability, the virtue. The dictionary uses synonymously not only two Lithuanian words, but also words of different origin, for example, Walanda, dos eine Weile, cf. Walandéle, és cine a little while ir Adyna, nos an hour; Tikkejimas, mo the faith, Wiera, ros the faith, the religion, plg. tikketi believe, wieriti believe, trust, but Wierny(te, és, Wiernummas, mo verčiamas the fidelity. From the overview of the examples it can be concluded that the synonyms were taken from different sources, whose translators presented the same content in Lithuanian in different ways. To determine which of the synonyms belongs to one or another translator and source would be a special task. A number of words used in 18th-century writings that are still used with the same meaning in the present language can be mentioned, for example Ateiwis, wio ein Frembdling; Kar3ygis, gio a hero, a warrior; Kaukaras, ro a hickory; Negale, ēs the plague, the disease; Palaima, més the glūckfeeligheid; 88 Palukana, nos der Usury, the Zinfch; Experiencmo e, die experience; Sielwartas, to die Angft, Trúbfal. Iš newcomers above-mentioned values, for example, Heaven=Jifta, dic ės Rainbow; Jaun=Mienū, nefio Neu Mond; Menefio=Let it be, ancio ein Mouth moisturizer; Pre-songs Vorfin-gen; Precursor, no der precursors; Priefkriftis, fcio der Antichrift. The archaisms of the lexicon can be illustrated by the following examples: Move, move, move. Heller; fcharfflein; Minau ja not adv. neg. ; Nūtartis, ties ein Tadel; Talk, boss one Landed, bet Speaker, ein jo Schmaher; Pamokflas, 16 cinema Teaching; Earnings, no per Lauffer; 3rd, the do Language, the Network; Sweja, I'm going That's crap. Be lexicon, distinguishir ing semantic archaisms. These words are still used in the present Lithuanian language, but have other meanings, for example, Apkaba, 6s der Vorhang, now —1. 2. a plate for attaching ammunition to the weapon; ir į Aphakimas, mo the Verkündigung, Bothfchafft, now — 1. short story, 2. short piece of fictional prose, cf. but Atfarga, ės the shield (protection); Piece, ko ein Stück; Narfas, so der 3orn, Grifft, Ernft, Parafsas, šo dic manuscript, it. Overwritten; Patranka, kos a caterpillar: Pawadinimas, mo the call; "Reikmene, ēs die Nothdurff, plg. Reikmuo; Sawifzke, és das Ownershir ip kt. 4. Lexicographical method. The article in the Lithuanian-German section of the Haack dictionary consists of the Lithuanian and German parts. The Lithuanian side consists of the title word (or word combination) and the grammatical characteristics of the variable parts of the language, presented in the usual Latin abbreviations. The German side consists of the German equivalent(s), sometimes with usage notes in German or Latin. One more remark is worthwhile about the relationship between the Lithuanian and German articles of the dictionary. In addition to the predominant type, where the heading word is followed by a separate lexicon, a certain number of heading words are word combinations. In terms of motivation and structure, they are different. Completely original combinations of Lithuanian words are almost not found, more common translations, for example: Suprafytos=- Dūnos Allmofen Gelmés=jéfskomas=S3winnas, no ein Bleywurff Slaptag=Ra3zbaju=Muf3gs, fancio ein Meuchel=Murderer. G.M. [zanti, cios. G.F. AntraThe nature of a Lithuanian word combination with a substantive, or rather its structure, is usually determined by the German part of the article. According to what echoes the Lithuanian title word in the German part, there are perhaps three more prominent cases: (a) a combination of words — a single German word, (b) a combination of words — a combination of German words and a combination of words — a German compound word. 89 c) — a) For the Lithuanian title words Haackas gives one, du ar more German equivalents. Most often one match is given, e.g. Needle, tos eine Neh needle Akis, ies das | Auge Dauginti vermehren Diewysté, (tés die Deity Girdéti hearing Laidoti begraben Paflowinti loben Sekminnes, nū die Pfingften ir pan, du equivalents such as Church, cios der Temples, the Church Belt, nio ein Glorious, ambitious King, cio ein Fūrft, Duke Priangis, gio the courtyard, the hall Sakimas, mo die Verhiindigund, die Prediger Surinkimas, mo eine Gemeine, eine Verfammlung Wotis, ties ein Driife, ein Gefchwiir and so on, less often —trys or keturi, pavyzdžiui, Atfifkyrimas, mo Spaltung, Rotten, Secte Wirfsus, gaus eine Spitze, die Oberhand, Vortheil, das Auswendige. Often the second or third German equivalent is also explained by the Latin abbreviation it. (=item). Banga, gos cine Woge it. Welle (sometimes followed by the Latin equivalent, Amijias, Am3io die Ewigkeit Italian: Seculum) Ilanda, dos eine Grufft, iz. The German equivalents often help to distinguish the ambiguity or the nuances of the meaning of the Lithuanian secondary word, for example, Gywata, tos das Leben Gywenimas, mo das Leben Wohnung Gywenti leben wohnen, etc. The lexical meaning of some words, in addition to their German equivalents, still has a German explanation, e.g. Kirpti Scheeren, Schneiden (mit der Scheer) Prifiirti heranrudern, anfahren (mit dem Schiff) ninkas griekas), Kromininkas kromas), Swodbininkas swodba) etc., adverbs 90 (: (: (: ir —ybé: C3yftybé (: c3yftas), adjective -sister: Durnyfté (: durnas), Smertelny(té (: smertelnas), Wiezlibyfte (: wiezlibas), nicknames —(in)ycia: Awinyc3ia awis), (: adverbs -um: "Wizlibumma (: wieslibas" (in ir German). Some Slavisms have hybrid elements, e.g. Griek=Twanis, nio griekas+tvanas), Strun=3aiflai strūna+žaislas). (: (: The most common suffixes of adjective hybrids are —iffish: C3efligkas (: c3efas), Peklifskas (: pekla), fmertifskas (:fmertis), fwodbifskas (:fwodba), suffixes -ingas: Macningas (: macnus), Pakajingas (: pakajus). Iš The above mentioned hybrid adjectives are often used as adverbs, e.g. Cz3eflif3 kay, Macningay, Pakajingay, Sylingay, ir etc. There are two types of Germanisms: Old and New. ir Be old Buddelis, lio ein Būttel, Hencker; Kunnigas, go a preacher; Money, money, money Money, plg. but Pinnigelis, lio ein Pfennig, also Pinch = Play, nine one Wechfler, much more abundant newer Germanisms, c.a. Dillos, lū der Till; Gwolta, tos die Gewalt, Kalkė, ės der Kalck; Waitress, re Keller; Skune, ēs die Barn; Styras, ro an oar; Piece, what a piece; Skrybele, ēs a scribe; S3iporus, out the shipmaster; S3turmas, mo the storm; S3uile, lės eine Szule: Žakas, ko ein Sack and others. Another group of borrowings are Lithuanian variants of German words derived from Latin or Greek. These words are also common in other languages, so they are called international. They entered the Lithuanian language in the 16th century through the Slavic languages and later through the German language. In Lithuanian, these words are phonetically or morphologically transliterated, for example, Beftya, 6s ein Thier, Bestie; Cymbals, lo ein Cimbel; Elementas, to das Element; Pyga, the Feige cinema; Persona, nos die Perfon; Purpuras, ro of the purple; Sceptras, ro scepter; Emeralds, do the emerald; Teftamentas, to ein Teftament, etc. It is true that some of these international words were not “accepted” in Haack’s dictionary: we find many of them translated into Lithuanian, for example, S3ikfsna, nos das Leder, Pergament, or explained, cf. Skirta = Faith, us, Skirtas = Science, lo a sect, plg. Words difputieren naughty; Zodžiu=Change, mo eine Difputation.’ ’ How the Haacq dictionary was used in the Lithuanian language seminar, see the author’s article “Manuscript additions to F. W. Haacq’s “Vocabvlarivm Litthvanico-- Germanicvm et Germanico-Litthvanicvm” (Halle, after 1730)” (printed in “Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai” vol. XL 97 6. Conclusions. 1. F.W. Haacko’s “Vocabvlarivm...” remains in the history of ir Lithuanian philological culture as Proof of the Halle Lithuanian Language Seminar ir A witness a. of the German-Lithuanian cultural relations of the first half of the 18th century. 2. Haacko "Vocabvlarivm..." — first printed in Prussia in two parts (Lithuanian-Gerir man German-Lithuanian) dictionary, including First a. half of XVIII The most important lexicon of the Protestant literature of Lesser ir Lithuania served for almost decades du as the only published work of lexicography. Having prepared a two-part dictionary, Haack continued He continued a. the tradition of the 17th-century manuscript German-Lithuanian dictionaries, but he was the first to compile a Lithuanian dictionary ir register and provide it with German equivalents, thus making Lithuanian vocabulary open and accessible to German-speair king clergy and other persons. ir 3. In terms of volume, it is nowhere near the first Lithuanian dictionary — Konstantino Sirvydo "Dictionarium of... " — Haacko's "Vocabvlarivm..." constituted a decent counterweight to the latter. In Lithuania Minor, it determined the ir indivisibility and integrity of the entire Lithuanian language lexicon. 4. Haack's dictionary is considered a kind of XVIII a. A pillar of the lexicography of Lesser Lithuania: į jo to the Lithuanian register, compiled by means of selection of the vocabulary of Protestant writings of the time, was used by later 18th-century dictionaries, and through them part of the vocabulary passed to the dictionaries of the mid-19th century. As a source of information in Lithuanian, it was used in the works of European historians and known to philologists of Greater Lithuania. Since the dictionary is based on limited sources and is intended for learning practice, it contains relatively little Lithuanian folk vocabulary and very few phraseologisms. The content of the dictionary reflects the religious and abstract vocabulary characteristic of the written language of that time, the most important names of nature (plants and animals), human social status, kinship, professions, etc. In terms of origin, in addition to translational novelties, there are newer Slavisms and Germanisms, as well as so-called International Words. 6. The lexicographical method is characterized by the fact that the article of “Vocabvlarivm...” consists of: 1) the title word (a separate lexicon, less often a combination of words), 2) grammatical indications written in a systematic manner (for example, a noun is given in the form of a noun with a genitive ending or its syllable and the number of conjugation, the Latin abbreviation of the genus, etc.) and 3) the corresponding(s) in German (occasionally Latin equivalents of the meaning or explanations of realities in German are written). Received 26 August 1998 98 LITTERACY Benze 1974—-Bense Gertrud. Lithuanica in Halle. — Zeitschrift fiir Slavistics 19 (2). Biržiška 1963 —- Biržiška Václav. Aleksandrynas 2, Chicago. Bio-bibliographical Handbook 1996 — Bio-bibliographical Handbuch zur Linguistics of 18. Jahrhunderts. Die Grammarists, lexicographers and Language theorists of the German-speaking world Rooms with Description of their Works. Bd. 4. H-L: Max Niemeyer Publishers Tiibingen. Drotvin 1989 - Drotvinas Vincent. On the cumulative evaluation The Little Dictionary. — Baltistica 11 (1). Drotvin 1997 - Drotvin. as Vincent. , Hallifkos Giefknief’: Zur Frith History of Halleschen Lithuanian in church songs Language. — Europe in of the Frithen Modern times. Festschrift fiir Giinter Miihlpfordt. 3. Departure to Modern. Hrsg. of Erich Donnert. Weimar-Cologne-Vienna: Bohlau Verlag. Drotvin 1998 - Drotvinas Vincent. Das Seminary Litvanicum an der University Halle (1727-1740) in seinem Influence on the Formation of the Lithuanian Philology. — Hallesche Research 1: Halle and Eastern Europe. To the europdischen Radiance of the Hallic Pietism. Hrsg. of Johannes Wallmann and Udo Striter: Verlag der Franckeschen Foundations Halle im Max Niemeyer Verlag. Gineitis 1990 - Gyneitis Leonas. Kristijonas Donelaitis ir jo epocha, Vilnius: Vague. 1995 - The Lion King. Prussian patriotism in Lithuanian literature, Vilnius: Pradai. Kaunas 1996 — K a un as Dom. History of Lithuanian Book, Vilnius: Encyclopedia ir of Science Fiction. 1990 - Regina Koženiauskienė. 17th-28th century discourses and dedications, Vilnius: Science. 1977: The Leopards. Ancient Greek Literature, Vol. 1995 - John Paul II. History of the Lithuanian written language, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. Pavlov 1972 —P a v1 o v V.M. The noun composition in German as a syntactic problem, Miinchen: Max Hueber Verlag. Schiller 1994 —-Schiller Christiane. The Lithuanian Seminary in Halle (1727-1740) and its members. In search of clues. —Acta Baltica 32. Schroder 1989 —Biographical and Bibliographical Lexicon of Foreign Language Teachers in the German-speaking World. Early Middle Ages to 1800. Bd. 2. Letters D to H. Augsburger 1x1. Schriften, ed. by Thomas Finkenstae dt and Konrad Schroder. Bd. 51, Augsburg. 1967 - The Screwdriver. 18th century Lithuanians in German literature, Rome: Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Sciences. Specht 1935—Specht Franz. The Lithuanian seminar at the Universitit Halle. —Archivum Philologicum, 5, Kaunas. Winter 1954 - Winter Eduard. Halle and the maintenance of the Lithuanian language. —The Care of the West—and South Slavic Languages in Halle in the 18th Century Jahrhundert, Berlin: Academie-- Verlag Verlag. Zinkevičius 1990 -Zinkevičius Zigmas. "Friedrich Wilhelm Hahn". —Lithuanian language in the 18th-19th centuries, Vilnius: Mokslas. 99 DAS ,,VOCABVLARIVM LITTHVANICO-GERMANICVM, ET GERMANICO-LITTHVANICVM’ VON F.W. HAACK (HALLE, Summary 1730) The first in ProuBen printed ,Vocabvlarivm Litthvanico-Germanicvm et Germanic—- Litthvanicvm® was developed by the Teachers of the Lithuanian Seminar an of Universities Halle (1727-1740) Friedrich Wilhelm Haack (1705-1754) written and as Teaching aids of Lithuanian Language fiir kiinftige Preachers of the Lithuanian Municipalities in East Prussia. Fir sein Inventory is that Vocabulary of Lithuanian Protestant Print the in first Decades of the 18. Jh. have been used. The Lithuanian Part umfafit 4486 Lemmats with their German equivalents; German-Lithuanian part about 500 words less. Although in the “Vocabvlarivm” the Illustrations of the Use of Lithuanian Words, so like the Words from the Lithuanian colloquial language are missing, it was for the further lexicography in the course of the 18th century. Jh. of great importance. The vocabulary of the “Vocabvlarivm” was collected in the words of Phillip Ruhig (1747), Jakob Brodowsky (before 1744), Christian Gottlieb Mielcke (1800) used. Im Contribution is the Lithuanian Word good after the Content and Origin analyzed, e.g. are the Nouns are most often the designations of religious and abstract terms and other biblical denotations, also the names of professions and kinships, the names of plants and livestock, etc. In addition to the words of Lithuanian origin, there are the translations of the Lehn according to the German model, as well as the lexical Slavisms and some Germanisms. The grammatical characteristics of Lithuanian parts of speech are represented with the traditional Latin abbreviations, e.g. Genus with Gen. M., Gen. Foem. and the declination types with the numbers of the declination for nouns, in addition to the indicative mode also the forms of the present, praeteritum and futurum, etc. The article analyzes the correlation of Lithuanian and German words in the dictionary, namely the commonalities and differences in the agreement of the Lithuanian and German words in the dictionary. Semantics. 100