„Geradėjas“, „piktadėjas“, „niekadėjas“ – grynai lietuviški žodžiai

ACTA LINGUISTICA LITHUANICA LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XLII (2000) Jonas Institute of Lithuanian Language, Vilnius Good morning, Friday, nobody - The never-ending is usually ranked, if not forgotten, in the ranks of the good-doer and the evil-doer. į ir There is still ir a lack of precise, true clarity here for both researchers and standards. It would be normal for the norm-setters to be able to rely on the research of their — language ar historians. KPP, ir gooddoer is hibr., neverdoer ir is hibr., — KPP, gooddoer is vert. n. Nevermind KPP, ir KPP,—nobody, nobody, nobody )does. The villain — no one knows why is — neither KPP,, nei KPP.,. By the way, ne a o never-doer, first of all a bad-doer would be a bad-doer. KT good-doer is vert., never-doer hibr. — KNK dobroděj is again vert., n. nekadėjas hibr. — The list of major language errors approved by the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language assigns foreign words elements to word structure errors — 2.1.5. -deja vu, -a — noun element, e.g. benefactor, benefactor, -a = -ė; niekadėjas, -a = niek(a)darys, -ė, niekšelis, -ė, niekšas, -ė; evildoer, evildoer, -ė. -a = Prano Tin in doctoral dissertation “The Slavic Borrowing words im Altlitauischen“ (Kaunas, never given, others 1931) o du — ne It's all the same. One emphasizes hybridity, and Lithuanianness is found only as an effect, the other emphasizes Lithuanianness, and Slavicness is found only as an effect: „geradėja „Wohltater“: <...>. Zwitter formation from p. dobrodziej od. wr. do6podėii and lit. géras well”; whereby also lit. dėti „to lay“ was used. <...>; villain(s) "Übeltater": <...>. From lit. piktas "evil" and dėti, legen after wr. 320061 od. p. ztodziej formed. <...>“. It is necessary to say that among the precursors on which Skardžius relies —A. Brickner. A. Leskien, E. Berneker, E. Sommer, E. Fraenkel, — missing K. Buga. And in the chapter “Dvikamieniai sudėtiniai genties pikta-dėja:,,: pa-deio aba padare Širvydo PS 155,,” of Būga’s 1911 study “Apie lietuvių asmens vardus” (published in “Lietuvių tauta” —as later in Skardžio dissertation) in the section “Dvikamieniai sudėtiniai genties pikta-dėja:,,: pa-deio aba padare Širvydo PS 155,,” K. Būg RR I 216. So it is interpreted in adjectives without any Slavicisms! And what is not explained by Skardžys and what is not explained by borrowing is explained: the ending -a of the nominative forms of the genus geradėja, piktadėja cannot come from the Slavic ending -ej! And the names of the “double compounds” (i.e., punching) actors of the anonymous genus, Boge indicates a multitude of them —akiplėša, daugnora, gal(v)žuda, gernora, naktibalda, niektauza, pasalkanda, piktžodžia, saunora, varlamusa,... And 58 1912 m. Bougainvillea Studies in the Lithuanian Section „K Boripocy 0 XpoHOJIOTHH JIKHTOBCKHX 3aMMCTBOBaHMII ¢ pyccKoro" is also argued: cioBo nedėlia „B BBeneHo ė u3 *add ‘nenarTs’ (cp. pa-deio or creature Illupaun Sak. Punktay 1555 pa-add ‘noMoraTs’, gera-déj-a-s ‘po6po-nen’)’ K. Bug RR I 346. Thus, the ir benefactor is linked su to put ir specifical- — jo ly in the meaning of "doing", ta iš K. Sirvydo (only?) ir insofar as specifically presented: *add ,,ienatn®. Thus, quite unexpectedly, it turns out that gooddoer, baddoer are only Lithuanian, ne but semantically ir motivated just like gooddoer, baddoer! Boge indicated the short compound padeio aba padare [in old writings synonyms are often joined with the conjunction / a(r)ba alba], the equivalent of the Polish be text, be because he relied on ne 1629 m. a bilingual original, o 1884 m. Richardo "Lietuvių kalbos žodynas". 1629 m. the original is: Sukietino weydus faw tabiau negi vota. Sirdi fawo padeio aba padare kayp adamantu | akmeni kieciaufi — Heart [we vezynili iako didment kameeri natwdrd/5y [1381]. Do not forget that the translation is Lithuanian, Iš Polish! o ne iš LKŽ II, shito The word dėti in Sirvydo sentence is not in the article (and LKŽ II, no). LKŽ dėti I; 11. ‘to produce’, but only "(some dishes)" cheese, — sausage, cabbage interface in the — basic su sense clear cabbage (o laying even completely close). More says putting needs 1. "to withdraw with what, to do on the surface (ice, crusts, ir etc.)’ (also for dew, scabies, itch) there is — definitely more making than pulling. Perhaps most ir typically perhaps most indicates 18. putting refl. "to happen, to happen, to take place", especially the following sentences: The weather to from dedasi cold Zapyškis. We had an accident—the Darbėnai stole it. The disaster was particularly bad because this is a systemic — paradigmatic phenomenon, and the third person is a phenomenon that occurs abundantly and remains only a reflex sign of paradigm decay. — This shows the ir archaicness of semantics, and relativity. The word "destis" is also found in Sirvydas: Teip destis su velinu (so happens to the devil). More extensive reasoning about dėti semantics is not necessary here, only interesting to compare with latv. dát —its primitive semantics have disappeared, but dėtis “to do” is still not only the usual (or happen), but the ir first to do. A lot, but not everything, is said by the continuation of this matter. In the 1939 language practice booklet “Language Adviser”, edited by A. Salis and P. Skardžius, there is no good man, bad man or evil man. However, even in Pranas Skardžius- ’s major study “Lietuvių kalbos žodžių daryba” (Vilnius, 1943) they are not present, which means that Skardžius did not consider them Lithuanian creations. And Antanas Salys? In the “Dictionary of Lithuanian Written Language” book II (Heidelberg, 1951), which was compiled by M. Niedermann, A. Sennas and now A. Salys, niekadėjas, -o = no-doer, -bė —as well as geradėjas, -o = good-doer, -rė (geradėjystė = good-doerbé) in book I (1932), which was compiled by M. Niedermann, A. Sennas and F. Brender. It is a little different in Book III, which was composed by A. Sennas and A. Salys, and where Salys was perhaps already more experienced —piktadėjas, -o (veraltet) = (rlt.) villain, -ré; piktadėjystė, -ės (veraltet) = (rlt.) maliciousness. Abbreviated rites. reiškia,reinlitauisch (Reference to the 59 indigenous Correspondence of a foreign words); really Lithuanian”. So bad guy is really Lithuanian equivalent, but really foreign? ar After all, he still has a certificate: veraltet — obsolete. Ar here is no lexicographical compromise between Sali's opinion of the ir well-established norming practices? Ne both for the necessity and for the completeness of the matter, the story needs to continue. K. Carrot at work „Konstantinas Širvydas „Punktų sakymų“ žodis (Index)“ of the word padėti indicates only the usual meanings „to set up, lay down; help", "do" does not provide, although o — The shape of the place mentioned by the buoy is fixed by padeio (I 381) LKK XX 172. J. Balčikonis 1957 m. talked briefly about the word benefactor (=geradarys- ): "The other side of the word "-dėjas" borrowed iš from Polish ‘dobrodziej’ J. Balč RR II 283. 1978 m. In the introductory article of Balčikonis's writings Aldonas Pupkis ir Vytautas Mažiulis classifies the benefactor among the hybrids, -dėjas considers even a suffix (the same, so 30), from dėti as if it separates. Zigmas Zinkevičius 1988 m. the ir gooddoer the evildoer min at “a wide range of ir value-added recycling” to indicate: ‘for -deja plg. deti’ LKI III 138. Just before the clearwriting, Birutė Kabašinskaitė’s “Lithuanian language folk etymology and near phenomena” (Vilnius, 1998) appeared as Filijus Fogas. Geradėjas is discussed very briefly in the subsection “Contamination and the Relationship of Folk Etymology”: gera-d-ėj-as “geradarys”: *geradiejas (plg. le. well-doer, s. br. dobrodėj ‘t. p.) and to do (did)" (81). It is based on Skardžius and his predecessors. In the same subsection, the word dėti is used again with an effect: „nedėlia, nedėlė ‘week, Sunday’ (cf. nedėlja ‘etc.’) affected by the word dėti“ (86). This is also based on the connection I mentioned in Būga (K. Būg RR I 346), but it is not surprising that Būga uses dėti here with the meaning “to do” (so ne-délia is motivated as in sl. ne-dėlja — “not-doing”, i.e. not a working day!). In the section "Folk Etymology" the author attempts to look for the Slavic origin of the word "nekadėjas": "nekadėjas..." (cf. r. niegodiaj „etc.“ and other Slavic words), processed according to niėkas, dėti, has acquired the necessary meaning of „who is innocent of anything, who is guilty of nothing, who knows nothing (about)“ (LKŽ VIII 771 t.)” (27). There is no need for any Slavic prefixes, because gooddoer, baddoer, neverdoer are Lithuanian words. Their interpretation has long been stuck without paying attention to 1) the simple fact — the forms of the anonymous genus geradėja, piktadėja and 2) to the briefly (but clearly) indicated by Būga Lithuanian form of their daryba from dėti “to do”. Kabašinskaitė continued this long inertia — she was not the first to decide to explain another meaning of the word “nikāde” (in her opinion, the meaning of necessity), but she did not go into depth with neither Bogdanov’s idea nor with the data of the academic dictionary. I’ll talk about this long-standing need (which was the beginning of the idea) later. Now, in order to conclude more convincingly the case of the good-doer, the evil-doer, the mean-doer Lithuanianness, it is necessary to consider antithetically. The most important thing is the parallelism of the good-doer — the good-doer, the bad-doer — the bad-doer, the bad-doer — the bad-doer (and so on). 60 This should be considered even in the event that gooddoer, baddoer, nobody would be foreign terms as, when, where to — use gooddoer, baddoer, ir nobody? ir O if geradėjas, piktadėjas, niekadėjas are Lithuanian, then why still geradarys, piktadarys, niek(a)darys? Geradeéja(s) piktadéja(s) in dialects are used ir more widely in ancient ir writings than nigkadejas. ir LKŽ III data, the benefactor of the anonymous family is iš J. The Carrot K. Post, Sirvydas Dictionary ir "Punct statementD. s", Klein's grammar, benefactor later — iš P. Ruigium ir F. Nesselmann dictionaries (E. Kuršaitis dictionary — beneficent), but it is ne quite clear where katro is iš beneficence — M. Petkevičius Catechism, K. Sirvydas Dictionary, S. B. Chilinskis Bibles, P. Ruigius Dictionary ir benefactor — J. Carrot post. Ir benefactor of equal age (as far as our relatively recent writings reach) — M. A lot of postpartum, charity ir charity — K. Sirvydo dictionary. Iš The benefactor of dialects is indicated by the plateau —Skapiškis, Kupiškis, Joniškėlis, Žemaičių Kalvarija. Amžininkai, according to LKŽ IX, piktadėja, piktadėjas, piktadaris (-ys): piktadėja —B. Wilento, M. Daukša’s postill, J. Morkūnas’s postill, K. Sirvydas- ’s dictionary and “Punktų sakymų”, Krauze’s dictionary, the evildoer —M. 2000. The Dictionary of the English Language, M. Mažvydas, B. Vilentas, J. Bretkūnas, S. Bitneris, E. V. Hakas, P. Ruigis, EF. Kuršaitis dictionary (-is —L. J. Rėza's Bible, S. Daukanto), malice —K. "Dictionary: Wicked" (PDF). "Dictionary of the Wicked". "S.K.I.E.L- .D.: The Malicious, the Wicked, and the Unholy". Sirvydo dictionary. In the dialects, the bad man is only mentioned in Smalvos, bad man —Stačiūnai, and the broader dialectal character is seen in various later dictionary and writings. There is and has not been any arealic distinction between the gooddoer(s) — the gooddoer and the evildoer(- s) — the evildoer. The difference is another —the benefactor and the evildoer are transparent themselves, and it is said to do beneficence | evildoing, while the motivation of the benefactor and the evildoer (by the way, semantically equal) has already faded, nowhere is it recorded to help beneficence / evildoing, but only to do: When one did good to someone in Harmoniškės (LKZ 111). People do often evil for little profit Jonas Balvočius-Gerutis (LKZ IX). Is this difference also chronological? Probably —when the ragged, the wicked, the word dėti (almost) losing its meaning of “to do”, motivationally faded, appeared (or just spread?) benefactor, evildoer. Although this chronology is not very important, it is confirmed by the comparison of niekadejo and niekadaris: according to LKŽ VIII, niekadėjas (-us, -is) 2. „who is worthless, rascal“ fixed late —M. "Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd Edition" (PDF). dictionary.com. "who does nothing serious, a lazy, a lazy man" —P. In the Ruigius dictionary (from dialects —Prienuose, Krosnoje), and niekadarys (-is) 2. „who does foolishness, a windy man, a mocker, a scoffer, a mocker“ — in M. Daukša’s postilla, K. Sirvydas- ’s dictionary, as well as in FE. The Curonian dictionary (from dialects —Merkinė, Giedraičiai, Žemaičių Kalvarija), 1. “who does nothing, lazy, deserted” —A. Barlow and other papers. Variant nobody 1. "who does nothing, a rascal" and 2. "who makes nothing" is known only from the letters. 61 The possible consequences of the somewhat earlier spread are ir jo Synonyms (unlike the benefactor villain) abundance, only ir narrow narrow spread, sometimes ir ambiguity: villain ar jų ir 1. „who does nothing, does nothing“ (A. Juškos dictionaA. ry, Juškos songs, Girkalnis) (and inactive — Skirsnemunė, Tilžė), 2. „dykinėtojas, dykūnas, dykaduonis“ (and idleness — F. "Shortcuts: What's wrong, 3. what's right". ką (J. "Spider-Man: 4. The Animated Series, The Animated Series, The Animated Series, The Animated Series" (PDF). II); niékadarb (See also: Pavement, Pavement). nobody; niekdirbys „who engages in nothing, unnecessary, useless things“ (Left, the M. Cold); niekadirbys (letters) see nobody; also a rare idle 2. "who does nothing" (Two sets) (1. "who works for free"). Here we still have to bear in mind a certain ambiguity of semantics, ir depending on the first sentence: easier to distinguish "nothing-doing lazy" — from "nothing-doer", but the duality of this — "no — wickedness" ir "nonsense — of ar nothingness", often deleted. In this respect from the evildoer differs ir jo rare synonym blog(a)maker (-ys) "who does wrong, behaves" LKŽ blog L, is ir ‘negative’ (matches evil villain), — anyway ir just ‘unsuitable’. But for the topic of the article this is not very important. It is possible to throw the idea that the relationship between su the nobody and the nobody could have been influenced ir by another — nobody who has not yet been investigated. But that's it. LKŽ VIII does not consider this nonsense as B. Kabašinskaitė- 's pronunciation, in the necessary sense of the o already spoken word, the opposite: xniekadėjas 1. "who is innocent, not guilty of anything, knowing nothing (about what)’. But this is the word of ne the ancient scriptures. This is not an indicator of novelty, maybe just the theme — did not require, maybe a jo huge amount of money was iš not put into the bags. It is known in both Altay (but not eastern) and Zemgale dialects: Father deds nobody Jonski. She turned the milk ir stands when nevertheless Marijampolė. Goes like a nobody, as if nobody did anything (as if he didn't) Šunskai. He broke his knife himself, lost it under the bench, and now he's a never-ending Seredžius. I deliberately cut my eyes off everything, jin is į silent like o never before Jonski. Iš I returned home in the morning and worked in the fields with others like never before. V. Pietaris. (One more sentence left from LKZ VIII, but will be needed later). This is a ar simple evolution of meaning (or look at how LKŽ VIII, on ar the contrary —as B. Kabašinskaitė), or is it enantiosemy, or even homonymy? Further data (which B. Kabašinskaitė does not even mention) helps to find the answer —first of all, xniekadėja adv. 1. „just like nowhere nothing“: Here he never came, slowly driving around, and suddenly began to smell very tasty A. Schleicher’s „Litauisches Lesebuch und Glossar“ 185. Come and sit to yourself nevertheless Grishkabūdis. I then, as if not knowing anything, never went and found them stealing Sudargas (2. "accidentally" F. Kuršaitis dictionary). It is noticeable that neither the noun niekadėjas 1., nor the adverb niekadėja areals are typical of Slavic languages (although they are transliterated or hybrid). The most important thing —completely understandable motivation, not faded as the 2. and 3. 62 Here we need to insert an explanation of why there is no infinitive noun niekadėja, if there was geradėja, piktadėja. If good-doer, evil-doer has no longer reached our times, then the adverb has perhaps even more quickly displaced the form of the anonymous genus niekadėja (although the common family ir be to pushed as more comfortable more — distinctive). The feeling of Lithuanianness is several times strengthened ir by su non-Lithuanian elements. tu -dejan (atseit aplietuvintu) clearly not identifiable ir unrelated other forms of the same meaning adverb: niėkdėle 1. „without any purpose, doing nothing, as if by chance“: so to me, niékdéle Aš Eržvilkas. Ir Come over to us, you bastard Jurbarkas (2. ‘undercover’ means: When they all sit down to eat, niekdéle come to the window listen, tu they will talk Skirsnemunė); lower with a null: ir ką They dropped the rascal Daukšiai; niegdélyekkel (niegdélyekkel J. Barono žodynas, 1932) žr. niekdėle: 1. He will take what I have and improve it with nicknames: so he will put me to an easier job, then he will send me somewhere on some afternoon to Zemaitė (2. trifles,,- as if from nowhere“ (J. Jablonskis). It's not like I'm not here, I'm not here. And the evolution from a nobody “nobody” is not even visible with a light. On the contrary, there is an ambiguity of these adverbs. Even similar (semantically) to niekdėja 2. and 3. noun is —'niėkdėlis "bad, unsuitable thing, nobody": Ne be to, kad niekdėlis neįkliūtų ir bobai kuriai Žemaitė; *niėkdėlis, -ė „desert, lazy man“: That lazy man does not work anything, only lazy Panevėžys. The last sentence greatly expands the range (although it is cracked). Now it's time to remember the 1st sentence of the illustration that was missed: I went to my neighbor Kvėdarna with nothing (as if I had never gone). It is not placed in its proper place, but draws our attention to another necessary direction —to the phraseology of the pronoun and noun nobody (nobody): 'nobody pron. def. —nieku dėjęsis “as if he had done nothing, as if he had done nothing anywhere, pretending”: Į stubą įėjęs sėdos kai prieš to nieku déjes(is) prie vakarienės K. Jurkšaičio pasakos 11 (also found in the dictionaries of F. Neselmanas, F. Kuršaitis, A. Juška); niekū (nieko) dėtas (nedėtas) „in some matter, having nothing to do with, not participating, innocent- “: Buvo bajoriškas vaikiukas nieko nedėtas, bet nuskis M. Valančius. He is blameless, innocent J. Jablonskis; *niäkas sm. —nieku dėti „not to pay attention to“: He nieku dėjo, kad ana durna, by tik graži Švenčionys; 'Niekai sm. pl., niekai —niėkais leisti (nudėti) „nekreipti dėmesio“: I killed that bill of exchange with nothings Weiveriai. Thus, it remains only to complete this semantic complex of the Lithuanian motivation of niekadėjo 1., niekadėja adv., niekdėle, niek(a)dėliais with the relevant data of the meaning and phraseology of the word dėti: dėti 14. „skiri (kuo)“ <...>|| „laikyti (kuo)“: Are you crazy, or do you call me crazy? Map. She was a beauty put J. Balčikonis; 17. „pretend, surrender“: Deda negirdu Tverečius. Laughed and said Šatės [Here also inserted: Laughed (as if for no reason), I went to the neighbor Kvėdarna- ); 19. refl. empers. „rodytis“: How do you like the deda, did he do well? Daugėliškis; dėti ant juoko „Jaikyti pajuokai“: What are you doing to make yourself laugh with those nonsense! Darbėnai; as added „who does not react, is indifferent“: After all, ans man and yr as added (do what you want to him, he will not say anything) Salantai; fo added "for that purpose": day added let's go, that lyn 63 Ta to — ir Plateau. Here it would be appropriate to even put a (: spot) phraseology: because of the spot “pretentiously, unseriously”: For the stain works a child, t. y. on the basis of slippage [t. y. for eyes] A. The Yushka tq dictionary; stain ‘pretendiką ng to be’ means: Ans work does not work, only tą stains Kvėdarna; this stain „by the way, by the way“: Just yr before this stain, o nothing worked Kretinga. Šį The proof can be exaggerated by the treatise of the "Lithuanian II written language dictionary- ": niekadėja adv. “without certain Intention, of danger” (with quoted A. Schleicher's phrase), the bastard adv. “immediately, without delay” (this is a mistake due to lack of broader data and ir not understanding the quoted example of writings: Once the thought of describing it all came į to him, he was overwhelmed; so he ką rascal took the table on recorded the whole adventureir ), rascals jo adv. = Nobody. So there are no signs of alienatiomo n, no lr. ar (reinlitauisch) atitikmenų. So, it's really Lithuanian. Nevermind "the doer — of vain iniquities — (niekdoer)’ ir “which is nothing (not) added — (not) held (?), (not) appearing” are distant meanings, motivated by very different giving meanings, but neither homonymy nor enantiosemy should be seen here. Conclusions 1. The good-doer, the bad-doer, the never-doer are purely Lithuanian, not some hybrid celebrities. Anonymous genus forms dobradeja, zlodadeja make Slavicism impossible at all — -a cannot be from sl. - Hey. The second sando dėti means "to do", meaning that they are motivated like their synonyms welldoer, evildoer, nobody. The meaning of dėti, “to do”, is archaic — it can be traced not only from K. Būga’s example of K. Sirvydas’s “Punktai sakymų” (1911) padeio aba padare (1381), but also from the meaning of dėtis, “to do” (Oras nuo to dedasi šaltas Zapyškis), as well as other relative semantic data (and the Latvian meaning of dėtis — next to likties or notikt). The presence of the good man perhaps prevented the penetration of the same model into the glory of dobrod(z)iejus (the glory dobras "good, great", dobrai, well reaching even the northern highlanders). The synonyms benefactor(-is), bad-doer(-is), bad-doer(-is), which are semantically clear, have also been known for a long time — they appeared (or just spread), when good-doer, bad-doer, bad-doer, the word dėti (almost) losing its meaning of “do”, faded motivationally. 2. The opinion (without proof) that the never-ending pron. „who is not guilty of anything, has nothing to do with anything, knows nothing (about anything)“ (Tėvas dedas niekadėju Joniškis) is a necessity of a non-Lithuanian nobody — even easier to destroy. His Lithuanianness is supported by the adverb niekadėja 1. „lig nekur nieko“ (Atėjo ir sėdi sau niekadėja Griškabūdis) (2. „netyčia“) the obvious Lithuanianness of the motivation [,,nieku(o) dėjęsis, nieku(o) (ne)dėtas“], especially the variants niėkdėle, niėk(a)dėliais 1. „without any purpose, doing nothing, as if by chance“ (Ir pas mus niekdėle užsuk Jurbarkas) (2. „secretly, without anyone’s seeing“), lower niekdėle „not paying attention“ 64 (He lowered the nickname Daukšiai) ir noun niékdélis "bad, unfit thing, bastard" (nobody, -ė "desert, lazy"). 3. When considering the question of the normativity of the words geradėjas, piktadėjas, niekadėjas, ir the restored Lithuanianneir ss, tradition, ir style should be taken into account. By the way, neverman in meaning „kas niekuo dėtas“ is hardly used in common language. Received 1999 01 26 LITTERACY J. Bal¢ RR II — Balčikonis J. Selected Writings 2, Vilnius: Science, 1982. K. Būg RR I — Būga K. Selected Writings 1, New York: The New Yorker, ir 1958. CNK —How not to speak. Compiled by Danguolė Mikulėnienė, Vilnius: Mokslas, KPP, —Patarimai kalbos praktikos. Compiled by Aldonas 1991. Pupkis, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1976. KPP, —Language Practice Tips. Compiled by Aldonas Pupkis, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1985. KT. “Let’s talk properly. Compiled by Danguolė Mikulėnienė, Vilnius, 1990. LKI III —Zinkevičius Z. History of Lithuanian Language 3, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1988. LKK XX —Lietuvių kalbos klausimai 20, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1980. 1KZ1, —Lithuanian Language Dictionary 1, Vilnius: Mintis, 1968. LKŽ II, —Lietuvių kalbos žodynas 2, Vilnius: Valstybinė enciklopedijų, žodynų ir mokslo literatūros leidykla, 1947. LKŽ II, —Lietuvių kalbos žodynas 2, Vilnius: Mintis, 1969. LKŽ III —Lietuvių kalbos žodynas 3, Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla, 1956. LKŽVIII -Lietuvių kalbos žodynas 8, Vilnius: Mintis, 1970. LKZ IX —Lietuviy kalbos Zodynas 9, Vilnius: Mintis, 1973. GERADEJAS, PIKTADEJAS, NIEKADEJAS —PURELY LITHUANIAN WORDS Summary The words geradéjas (Eng. benefactor), piktadéjas (Eng. evil-doer, wrong-doer), niekadéjas (Eng. villain, loafer, wrong-doer) are purely Lithuanian and not hybrid Slavonic borrowings. The meaning of their second element dėti (English: put) is to do, to make, thus they are motivated as well as their synonyms geradarys (English: benefactor), piktadarys (English: evil-doer), niekadarys (English: evildoer, wrong-doer) (they obviously evolved or spread at the time when the motivation of the former ones faded). The meaning make, do of the word dėti is archaic, derived from the relics, thus the faded motivation must have stimulated an interest in their origin, which was likely to be found in Slavonic languages. In Lithuanian dialects, the word niekadéjas is known in the meaning ‘the one who has done something’ and thus is obviously motivated. Its ‘Lithuanianness’ is supported by the adverbs niekadéja (Eng. as if nothing has happened), niekdéle, niek(a)déliais (Eng. with no particular purpose, as if by chance) and the noun niekdélis (Eng. trifle, a worthless thing) of the same root. 65