Technikos terminai „Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodyno“ III leidime

ACTA LINGUISTICA LITHUANICA LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XLIII (2000) Vida ŽILINSKIENĖ Institute of ir Mathematical Informatics, Vilnius TECHNICAL TERMS IN THE CONTEMPORARY LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE III In the previously printed article*, an attempt was made to review the “Dictionary of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language” III publishing terms using a computer analysis system, because only this way can cover thousands of words su jų values and try to compare them. As can be seen from the table there, in the dictionary many words ar jų values (592) have a certificate tech. (technical term). These are quite different words or their separate meanings, naming various mechanisms, machines, tools, devices, devices, devices, apparatus, gauges or only individual parts, phenomena, actions, sometimes jų even certain materials, rooms, supports, ir openings, cavities, etc. ir When comparing dictionaries by no computer, it seems that other certain words that do not have the above mentioned mark, some of ir which may even be unnecessary to mark, could be considered technical terms. We o know that the words for measuring instruments of different sizes usually have the suffixes -metras and -matis. Let's look at how these words are presented in the dictionary: aukščiūmatis tech., bangomatis tech., dažniamatis tech., dinamometras tech., vapormatis tech., jautriūmatis tech., jėgomatis tech., angmatis tech., kietmatis tech., kreivematis tech., piniamatis tech., lygumasmetra tech., mikrometras 1. tech., parameter 2. Physics tech., inclination meter tech., hole meter tech., velocity meter tech., speed meter tech., thread meter tech., depth meter tech., density meter tech., distance meter tech., stroke meter tech., noise meter tech., vagometer tech., internal meter tech., voltameter tech., but arithmometer, barometer, chronometer, dosimeter, dry meter, salt meter, gas meter, depth meter, speed meter, calorimeter, angle meter, colorimeter, rain meter, second meter, colorimeter, spirometer, taximeter, thermometer, water meter, velocity meter, voltmeter, Zingsniameter and altimeter. Dry-me-matis, tarpumatis zr. tarpamatis, véjomatis see véejamatis. ! Žilinskienė V. Presentation of Terms in the III Edition of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language Dictionary — Lithuanian Linguistics Issues 37, 1997, 46-52. 176 Of these words, only the second value of a parameter refers not to a measuring instrument but to a quantity “describing a feature of a process, phenomenon or machine”. All other words refer to measuring instruments, so they should probably be labeled the same way?. Various tools and devices are usually described by words with suffixes -uvas, -iklis. Let's see how these words look together: atspindėvas tech., atskirtuvas tech., atsuktuvas tech., bandyklis tech., barstytuvas tech., daugintuvas tech., stabdys tech. sensor tech. burner tech., drėkintuvas tech., duslintuvas tech., trapiklis tech. gaudytuvas tech., glemžtuvas tech., gnybtuvas tech., scraper tech., accelerator tech., accelerintuvas tech, griebtuvas 2. tech, 3. tech, ieškiklis tech, įkroviklis tech, ilgintuva tech, imtuvas tech, iškrovėjas tech, iškrovėjas tech, išleidėjas tech. isleidėjas tech, įžemintojas tech. jungiklis tech, jungiklis 3. tech, keitiklis tech, keitiklis tech, keltuvas 1. tech, 2., 3., bunkrsuklis tech, klostytuvas tech. klostytuvas tech. kniedytuvas tech., vadovas tech., laikiklis tech., lašintuvas tech., leidiklis tech. benkiklis tech., benduvai tech. létiklis tech., lėtintuvas tech. liestinis tech, lygintuvas 2. tech., adhesive tech. mixer tech. nozzle tech., removal tech., dropper tech., precipitator tech., packer and packer tech. launcher tech. switch tech, loader tech. tractor tech. cutter tech., cutter tech., distributor tech., spreader tech., mixer and mixer tech., spreader tech., purification and purification tech., blower tech., shredder tech., shredder and raver tech., limiter and limiter tech. collector tech., collector tech., sealant tech., raver and raver tech. suction raver tech., clearing tech., separator tech., distributor tech., separation tech. dilution tech., spreader and spreader tech., slider tech. damper tech., shredder tech., planter tech. press tech., clamps tech. radiator and radiating raver tech., plugs tech., explosive tech., threader tech., threader tech., brake tech., enhancer tech., pusher tech., pusher tech., absorber 2. tech., chem., surinktuvas tech, vaidytuvas tech, sliuziklis tech, Svaistiklis tech, gasket tech, temdytivas tech., temptivas tech. feeder tech., feeder tech., checking tech. thickener tech, thickener tech. tritivas tech., dryer tech, fastener tech., cleaner 1. tech. motor 1. tech, raker and raker tech. drive and drive tech, turner tech, turner 1. tech, tractor 5. tech., winder and winder tech., valve 2. tech, Zertuvas tech., but earphone, polisher, scraper and scraper, bréztuvas, germintivas, burner, scraper and scraper, dryer, dryer 2., chopper, drožtuvvas, gasintuvvas, duster, duster, dryer, vaporizer 1., speaker, hood 3., gélintuvas, genétuvas and genétuvas, extinguisher, extinguisher-? It is understood that the words following the certificate Zr. (= see), referring to more commonly used words in common language, is without a reference tech., but this reference should be in the article to which it refers. 177 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., 48., 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., 55., 56., 57., 58., 59., 60., 61., 62., 63., 64., 65., 66., 67., 68., 69. 2., spinner, conveyor, conveyor belt, conveyor, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, conveyor belt The definitions of these words show that they are mainly names of devices, devices, devices, mechanisms, and, as we see, almost half of them do not have the mark fech. The common word screwdriver is presented with this certificate, other, some and much more complex, tools names, such as stone saw, drill, planer, flat saw, rapier, lever, etc., do not have a certificate. Only three of these many words (accelerator, retarder, thickener) and the second word (hardener, absorber) have the meaning of a specific substance- .” There are a lot of devices, devices, equipment names, having the ending -orius, which are also presented in different ways: accelerator tech., damper tech., generator tech. granulator tech. compressors tech., capacitor tech., locator tech., manipulator tech., perforator tech., processor tech., reducer tech., stabilizer 2. tech., transformer tech., vibrator 2. tech., 3. tech., but dispenser, escalator, inhaler, calculator, carburetor, collector 1., monitor, pelengator, projector, projector, pulverizer, reflector 1., refractor, refrigerator 1., 3 Besides you also antifreeze, baltodé (processed dog skin), gloss 2. carbide 2, copper, hard alloy, coke, melting, soldering, shell 3., paraffin, pigment 2., plastic concrete, polystyrene, potassium, vaporizer, aluminium powder, foam metal, foam, foam, copper, salt, spirit, stearin also has a certificate tech. and also named various materials. The second layer of absorbent and stearin also has a chemical certificate. Also the certificate tech. still have fuels (fuel combustion products), insert 4. (something intermediate layer), tape 2. (long, narrow piece of various purposes and materials), cork (which is clogged), 2 slag 1. (hardened melt residue). If various materials used in technology have this certificate, then why do they not have it, for example, 1. oil 3., fuel, petroleum, steel, reinforced concrete, petroleum jelly, etc. 178 1 register, regulator, retransmitter, separator, sterilizer, stimulator, summator, tabulator 2., transistor, fan, vulcanizer. Technological mark has also words or jy meanings, jvardijancios certain parts of devices or devices and details, e.g., alkiné 3., antbriaunis, antSova, apkala, ūptakas, apvalkalas 3., ašigalis 1., bandazas 2. diaphragm 2., dygis, diskas 2., 1 eccentric, trapdyklė 2., guolis 4., įmova 2., jungitkas 2., kaistis 1., korštis 2., kreipratis, pinigaitis, plokštė 2., membrana 2., niiosklemba, pirštas 3., posparnis 2., pusasis, pusverzle, sekladeze, seklavamzdis, skridinys 4., skriejikas, net tirptukas, uzkaisa, vamzdelis 1., o, rodos, quite similar names do not have this mark, e.g., ašis, dantratis, kaušas 3., jungiklis 2., muštuvas 3., 4., paisiklis, slėgis 1., indikatorius 1., 2., saved 3., 4., 5. ir Sir. The names of small parts are marked tech. bégviné, kniede, médsraigtis, mėdvinė, poverzlé, stud 1., screw 1., screwdriver, screw 1., even thread (screw, screw, nut thread groove), while completely analogous antūrzle, mėdvaržtis, nutė, nagas have no marking. The dictionary contains the names of actions and phenomena with a spoken certificate: damping 2., insulation, deduction 2., counterweight, 1 detonation, diagnostics 2. erosion 2., holography, retraction, compression, contact 2., corrosion, modulation 2. fiz., montaZas 1., niiovargis 2., pastūmė, priesslégis, priesslydis, redikcija 4., regeneracija 2., savirieda, savistabda, selékcija 2., Sviesorastis 1., 1 taktas 2., televaldymas, transformacija 2., vulkanizacija 1., tačiau gana artimi pavadinimai, pvz., amortizavimas, eksploatacija 3., i§siurbimas (viena reikšmė), įžėminimas, komprėsija, kondensūcija 3., motorizūcija, operūcija 5., 6., pagrūdinimas, 2 priliejimas, prilitavimas, primontavimas, profiliavimas, pumpavimas, radiofikacija, radiofikavimas, reguliavimas (viena reikSme), retransliacija, retransliavimas, telefikacija, telefikavimas, telefonizavimas, termofikacija, termofikavimas, transliacija 1., transliavimas Sia pažyma nežymėti. Many machines (both self-propelled and towed), attachment names, e.g., akmenskaldė, akmeéntrupe, amfibija, benzinveZis, betonvezis, bulviakaseé, bulviasodé, dujovezis, gelmélaivis, javapjové, kelmarove, kuliamdji, miskavezis, naftovezis, sėjamoji, tankerivis, vilkikas, Zémkasé and others, certificates tech. do not have, but there are exceptions, i.e. after some words of that kind is given certificate fech., e.g.: barstomoji, batiskafas, dūirpsemė, greideris, grūdvežis, kombdinas, hammer 2., limuzinas, lysviadarė, motorvežis, Orvežis, pédarisé, pickup, poliakalė, poliakale, purvasemė, ravėtuvas, scraper, srūvežis, pushmikas, terkšlė 3., žemėsemė, žemėsiurbė. The most commonly used names are: machine 1. tech. automata 1. tech., detalė 1. tech, prietaisas tech., įranga tech, įtaisas tech. masina 1. tech, matuoklis tech., bet įrengimai, įrenginys, matuoklis, mechanizmas priemonė certificates tech. 1., 1. no. 179 The dictionary contains words that denote opening, cavity, vessel, room, square and marked tech., e.g., apparatus, forging, catcher, groove 2., chamber 2., column, lacquer 3., mixing chamber 2., oven, polygon 2., overhang, fertilizer container, nozzle 3., pipe, tube, and other similar, e.g., blast furnace, cistern, throat 4., melting furnace, magistrąlė, martėnas, resonator, pipeline not marked. There are also words denoting the support, supporting or reinforcing structure, the base: atsparas tech., base 3. tech., dam tech. (but breakwater, pier), bridge 2. tech., laid tech., paving tech, mosaic 3. tech, sill 2. tech., stand 1. tech. (but frame 3.), crawler tech. In the dictionary, the units of measurement of various sizes (both systemic and non-systemic) have a certificate in physic., therefore, the group, bit, centimeter, centner, inch, decibel, decimeter, nautical mile, kilogram, kilohertz, kilometer, kilowatt, kilowatt-- hour tech, liter 1., milligram, milliliter, millimeter, minute 1., x-ray 2. ounce could have the same certificate or any other, specifically for units of measurement, because there are quite a lot of units of measurement. Even though verbs are not considered as terms, there is one other verb or its meaning with the adjective tech.: atkaiščiuti, įsodrinti, modulitioti 2., suvirinti 2., užkaitūti, but quite similar words are without adjective: fikstioti 3., kondenstioti 1., 3., (pa)grūdinti, 2. (pri)liéti, (pri)montioti, profilitioti, radiofikiioti, regenertioti, regulitioti 2., retranslitioti, rezonuoti, (su)niedyt, 2. sulydyti, telefoniziioti, translivioti, (uz)litiioti, valctioti 2., vartoti 1., vulkanizuoti. The same can be said about adjectives: garasrovis tech., keturtaktis 2. tech., two-thousand (tech. in illustration), slow-moving tech., but crank 2. wireless, motorless, multi-shooter, differential 2., two-engine, cardan, condensing, geared, geared, kumstélinis, bow, laser, lamp, linginis, marténinis, maZzalitrazis, mechanical, membrane 1., motor 1., pistolétinis, pontoninis, radiolokdcinis, rocket, jet, relay, reminis 1., 2., replinis, revolver, rotary, self-loading, 2 self-braking, self-tipping, 2 self-tipping., smooth, wing 2., core and screw, threaded, threaded, machine, bench 1., rod, stimoklinis, lever 2., oscillating 2., core syringe, crucible, short-wave, spindle. Perhaps the following words or their meanings should not be included in the technical specifications: airplane, antenna 1., headphones 2., buffer, centrifuge, diascope, diesel 1., dock 1., dust collector, diumpleés, epidiascope, estacade, 1 loudspeaker, gramophone, hydrrdnt, hydronode, 2., heat conductor, channel 4., catapult 2, composter, propeller, smelter, magnetophone, magnetola, microphone, microscope, motor, oil pipeline, leveller, station 3., turntable, periscope, 2 pump, press, projector, propeller, radiator 2., radio, radiola, radiotelegraph 1., reactor 2., refrigerator 1., refitgen 1., respirator, rotaprint, rotator, rupor 1., semaphore 1., counter, clamps 1., press, pressing, stratostat, piston 1., summoning, scales, template 2., 180 Sapirograph, lock, traffic light, lighthouse 2., streamer, fax, telescope, teletype, television, theodolite, terminal, turbine, steering wheel 1., rollers, pipeline, water pump, water pipe, gate, windmill, coffin, wine press, 2 hinges 2., 1 wire, lightning rod? Of all the sciences or their branches, only ballistics has a certificate tech., and, for example, automation 1., energy, cybernetics, mechanics, metallurgy 1. and many others, do not have this certificate, while ice cream and book are marked spec. Perhaps indeed all the sciences and their branches names could be marked spec. The non-systematic presentation is shown by the combination of all other words or their meanings with the abbreviation spec.: charge, cloud, plaque, inseminate, axis 2., tumor 2., state 2*., frequency, deformation, declaration 2., colon 1., effect 3*., row 5*., epoch 1*., era 1*., fiction 2., phantom?., figure 3*., filter 2., background 3*., formula 2*., fraction 3., headmeter, mouthpiece 2., spindle, glute, ground 1., groupé 3*., recruit, information 2*., output 4., spindle, bone, reflection, sensitive, hook 2., bone, nobility 2., exchange, mill 2., 2 muzzle, midium 2., bluish 3., 2 meélinti, monopel 1., deviation, leakage 2., scan 7*., period 1*., 3*., 7., substrate 4., point 2., 5*., 7., turret 1*., turbogenerator, turbogrgztas, turbokompresorius, vandéntalpa, vesti 6*., step 4., intelligence 3. When reading the definitions of these words or meanings, it can be assumed that this certificate was given either to those words for which no other term certificates were suitable, or that this abbreviation was used to mark general terms used in scientific texts (marked with asterisks). If the first opinion is acceptable, then perhaps such words as: irradiate, asymmetry, baltica, barelief, beic, biosphere, degassing, degeneration, decadence, deactivation, deep-print, installation, cataclysm, keyboard, etc. should also be noted, and if the second, then such as: anomaly, area, score, test, sample, cycle, law, diagram, doctrine, experiment, expertise, equivalence, genesis, hypothesis, conclusion, canon, catalogue, class 1., equivalent, method, etc. It is quite clear that it was not possible to cover so many terms at once in the third manual MRL authorisation. Only computer analysis allows to select the necessary articles, words, their meanings or groups of words from the entire dictionary and evaluate everything systematically. The editors of other editions of the DLKŽ and the Common Lithuanian Language Dictionary could use the computer analysis, sort words or dictionary articles according to the relevant references of interest to them, compare them and edit them. In addition, when managing the definitions of terms, it is necessary to make use of the dictionaries of terms of individual fields prepared in recent years, Lithuanian standards of terms and definitions, which were prepared by specialists in the relevant field together with terminologists and in which the definitions of terms are accurate. 181 Dictionary of the Modern Lithuanian Language. 3rd ed., Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1993. Žilinskienė V. 1997: Presentation of terms in the “Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian Language” III edition. — Language Studies 37, Vilnius, 46—52. TECHNICAL TERMS IN THE THIRD EDITION OF THE „DICTIONARY OF CONTEMPORARY LITHUANIAN” Summary The present article deals with the technical terms in the third edition of the „Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian“. A system of computerised analysis is used for the analysis of terms. Only this system allows to include and to compare with each other hundreds of words and their meanings. The technical terms with the components -metras, -matis, the suffixes -uvas, -iklis, -orius, as well as the names of various machinery and instruments are discussed. An attempt is also made to compare these words and their meanings with those labelled spec. Vida ZILINSKIENE Received 10 February 1999 Akademijos g. 4, LT-2055, Vilnius, Lithuania e-mail mail [email protected] 182