XVII a. pirmosios pusės Kauno miestiečių asmenvardžių kilmė

ACTA LINGUISTICA LITHUANICA LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI XLIII (2000) Alma RAGAUSKAITĖ Lithuanian Language Institute, Vilnius XVII A. FIRST HALF | THE ORIGIN OF THE PERSONAL NAME OF THE CITY OF KAUNAS Lithuanian city people's personal names have not been studied much). Based on the names of the townspeople recorded in the 16th century Kaunas vait books, the investigation of the personal names of Kaunas citizens began. Anthroponyms of Lithuanian origin are discussed, and the problems of their glorification and formation are examined (cf. Ragauskaitė 1999: 145-158). Having noticed the specifics of the origin, naming and other aspects of personal names of Kaunas citizens in the 16th century, this publication continues the research of anthroponyms of the old Kaunas citizens. The aim of this article is to discuss the origin of personal names in Kaunas in the first half of the 17th century, to classify them in this respect and to determine the quantitative ratio of anthroponyms of different origin. Anthroponymia for the article was collected from the 17th century (1603-1629 magistrate and vaito?, 1604-1610 magistrate, 1606-1608 vaito, 1608-1616 mixed vaito, suolininkų and magistrato? and 1610-1622,* 1622-1640 suolininkų) Kaunas city acts books. These books of the local authorities were written by scribes in Polish and Latin, only in the book of the benchers from 1610-1622 two small entries in German are still noticed." The books consist of records of cases heard in the vaito, benkolininkai and magistrate courts." A large part of the persons recorded in the aforementioned books are Lithuanians — both Kaunas residents and newcomers (cf. Kiaupa 1988: 28). ! For an overview of the studies, see : Ragauskaitė 1999: 145-158. In addition to the above mentioned works, plg. : Jonikas 1973: 201-216; Zinkevičius 1976: 125-131; 1977a: 93-101; 1977c: 151-156; Biržiška 1987.? Manuscripts Department of Vilnius University Library (hereinafter —VUBRS). FE. No. 13855. 3 Ibid. E.7. No. 13856. * Ibid. E 7. No. 13859. “ Idem. E.7. No. 13860. * Ibid. E.7. No. 13861. ' Lithuanian State Historical Archive (hereinafter —LVIA). E. SA. B. 13863. 5 Another book of Kaunas Magistrate’s acts from 1636-1646 is kept in the Russian State Archives of Old Acts in Moscow. EF. 356. Ap. 1. B. 19588. There was no opportunity to use this book. ? * VUBRS. F 7. No. 13861. L. 257, 264-265. 1 For a detailed description of these sources, including information on the location of the document, its signature, the state of the book, the language of the entries, the correct order of the pages, publications, see Kiaupa 1973: 125-137; 1988: 40-45. 93 First of all, it is important to distinguish the criteria on the basis of which it would be possible to precisely determine which anthroponyms recorded in historical documents are attributable to Kaunas citizens. The sources selected for the analysis are those in which it is indicated that the person in question belongs to the burghers' class", e.g.: pan Stephan Dwilewic3 mieszczanin kowien(ski)- “* (MV 248), Marcinowi Jurgiewic3owi mieszczaninu kowien(skiemu) (naud.; MV 208), S3ymona Macieiowicz3a mieszczanina kowien(skiego) (kilm.; MV 413), Joannes Mikiewic3 civis caunen(sis) (MV 307), honestus Stephanus Romeyko civis et textor caunen(sis) (MV 271), Jana Stankuna mieszczanina i szewca kowien(skiego) (kilm.; MV 155), uczciwy“ Maciey S3awlewic3 mieszczanin kowienski (VSM 341)* ir kt With the problem of identification of city dwellers, investigating Vilnius personal names, Z. Zinkevičius (plg. Zinkevičius 1977b: 46). The name of the city varies in different sources. In most cases, they are written with two personal nouns, e.g. : Georgy Biwilewic3 (VSM 25), Francys3ka Bonis3ka (kilm.; MV 228), Adama Dominikiewic3a (kilm.; MV 210), Mikotaia Janowicia (kilm.; MV 91), Jakuba Jawgiela (kilm.; MV 59), Piotrowi Kriczonowiczowi (naud.; MV 378), Jan Macieiowicza (kilm.; MV 186), Jacobus Weckowics (MV) 75) ir t. t. There are three types of ir persons, e.g. : Petrus Macieiowics Bepirs3tys (S, Pawel 127), Stanistawowic3 Bublis (VSM 129), Gaspar Jakubowicz Dawiota (S, Joanni 218), Stephanowicz Kropas (S,219), Stanislaus Sczesnowics Marmukna 11 For more information, see. Ragauskaitė 1999: 146. 12 Abbreviations recorded in historical documents are completed. The prefix is given in parentheses. 13 1603-1629 magistrate and trial book marked MV, 1604-1610 magistrate book marked M, 1606-1608 trial book marked V, 1608-1616 trial, benchmen and magistrate book marked VSM and m., 1610-1622 1622-1640 m. benchers books tagged S,, All the S, anthroponyms presented are metrical. Each in parentheses jų indicates the source ir po decimal page (or sheet) number. In presenting personal names, we try to maintain authentic, historically documented genders. For the sake of simplicity, only a few specific characters have been replaced, i.e. 8—d, fH—-h, os. 14 In the article, the abbreviations of humorous names are used more frequently: kilm. — originator, naud. —uudnieks, innag. —the steward. Others are less common. This is: dgs. —plural, lit. —Lithuanian, plg. —compare. D Here we follow the opinion of K. Lepszy, A. Wolff, that titles of townspeople and similar information should be provided according to the rules in modern characters (see Instrukeja wydawnicza dla zrédet historycznych od XVI do potowy XIX wieku 1953: 30; Wolff 1957: 155-181). 16 As can be seen, in some cases the anthroponyms naming persons can be clearly distinguished from additional data on the duties, occupation, profession of the townspeople. This partially solves the complicated problem of attribution of appellative pronouns and personal names in the context of early 17th-century anthroponymy, which is also relevant in this article (cf. Zinkevičius 1977b: 59; Maciejauskienė 1991: 31). This is especially true of the two types of categories, since they can be defined by the name of the craft as a personal name, e.g. : Maciey Hayduk Styrnik (V 228), Bartlomiey Haidukonis s3wiec ai is changed to oi (oy), e.g.: *GaiZevskis —Goyzew/ki (S, 132), *Ragaišis —Rogoi[3a (kilm.; V 228), (VSM 239) ir kt 94 (VSM 200), Mathias S3ymkiewic3 Milkosientis (S, 731), Jacobus Augustynowic3 Os3kopaltys (S, 132), Piotra Juriewic3a Piec3zugi (kilm.; M 99), Joani Hrehorowicz Raczkiewicz (S,237) and others. The books of Kaunas city acts were written by scribes, whose native language was mostly, apparently, non-Lithuanian. Therefore, the individual names of the townsfolk are presented very differently. Some anthroponyms are written relatively regularly, e.g. : Burba (VSM 278), Janeikis (M 58), Kabaldis (VSM 244), Kulnius (S, 183), Surwilis (S, 804) and others. A number of anthropomorphic figures are depicted. This is also typical of other personal names in the history of Saltinis (see also Būga 1958: 232-233; Falk 1963: 87—95; 1966: 3— 8; Otrębski 1963: 267-286; Zinkevičius 1977b: 98-104; Ramonienė 1987: 5-8; Maciejauskienė 1990: 265; 1991: 172—178; 1993: 80; 1994: 16-53). Here will be discussed more frequently observed cases of phonetic substitution and glorification of anthroponymy morphology (absence of endings, replacement of Lithuanian patronymic suffixes with Slavic ones). The most common cases of substitution of sounds in acts are: a is replaced by io, e.g.: * Burbažentis —Burbojigcia (original; MV 358), * Krumadantis —Krumodancia (original; V 238), * Margužis —Morgujia (original; V 118), * Mazgeikūnas —Mojsgieykuna (original; V 135), * Mateišiūnas —Mateysunos (MV 413), * Mulka — Mutko (V 66), * Spalis, * Spalys —Spolis (VSM 219), * Steigvila —Steigvito (M 258), * Simkiinas —Ssymkunos (MV 54), * Trumpaila —Trumpaylo (MV 386), * Vilkadaravicius —Wilkodurowicy (MV 100), * Virbalitinas —Vierbalunos (MV 100). 189) and others. *Smailis, *Smailys —Smoilis (S, 9), *Tarvainis —Tarwoin (S, 28), *Zemaitis —Zemoytis (S, 80) and others. au is changed to iow, e.g.: *Daugirdas —Dowgird (M 181), *Gedgaudas —Gedgowd (M 120), *Žovautavičius-Zastowtowic3a (kilm.; M 194) and so on. o is changed to a, e.g.: *Beinoravičius —Beynarowic3 (MV 352), *Jogėlavičius — Jagietowic3 (V, 302), *Norkevičius —Narkiewic3 3 (MV 91, 329; S, 143) and others. š is changed to s, e.g.: *Pagaikštis —Pagaik/tis (S, 350), *Šeškelis —fefkielowi (naud.; MV 334), *Šikšnis, *Šikšnys —Sikfnis (MV 184), *Šiukšta —Siukfta (MV 94), *Slubelis — flubella (kilm.; MV 217) and so on. The aforementioned cases of substitution of sounds by other, monophonic diphthongs, investigating Vilnius St. Z. Zinkevičius discussed in detail the anthroponyms in the marriage registration books of 1602-1615 and the baptism registration books of 1611-1616 of St. John’s Church (cf. Zinkevičius 1977b: 98-101). 17 The number after the name indicates the number of persons recorded on the pages indicated. 95 In all investigated Kaunas acts books of the first half of the 17th century anthroponyms are written both with and without endings, e.g. : Dawiotys (MV 349), Digris (S, 212), Dirda (VSM 386), Gniaujdsius (S,9), Gniaujzius (MV 196), Kieyda (MV 106), Kielis (M 41), Laukis (VSM 368), Maldzius (MV 416), Mulkus (MV 102), Palepis (S, 203), Peluksstis (VSM 393), Pempe (VSM 260), Placiakis (VSM 324), Podeygis (MV 384), Posera (MV 376), Puikis (MV 68), Raudis (V220), Rymda (VSM 152), Ryms3a (V 95), Rudis (S,26), Stacikis (MV 186), S3awlis (M 156), S3ukis (MV 202) and Ginbutt (MV 252), Jaugiell (S, 731), Maniuk (S, 155), Niuk (S,191), Sidor (M 247), Staciak (VSM), Tarwoin (VSM 213), Wiuk (S,221) etc. ir "This is also the case when writing the same personal names: Valentini D3iugas (S, 126) —Valentini D3iug (S, 131), Symon Stankunos (MV 78) —S3ymon Stankun (MV 136), Lucas Wierbalunis (S, 186) —Luce Wirbalun (S,7), Grigier Wejselis (V 172) —Grigier Wezel (V 172) and others. : Dwilewic3 3 (S, 523; S,249; VSM 72), Lukaszewics 5(M 521; MV 126, 262, 394; S, 55), Markiewics (MV 160), Mikolaiewics (S, 150); Jodkowic3 (M 42), Lenartowici 2 (MV 168; S,110), Michalowics 2 (S,531: S,18), Wieckowics (V 183) and others. ; with Slavic -sk prefixes, e.g. : Juchnowski (MV 81), Romanow- [ki 3 (M 53; MV 408; S, 85), Ssymanowski (VSM 252), Wortow[ki 4 (MV 228; S 669; S, 104; V 101) etc. Personal nouns with Lithuanian patronymic suffixes -aitis, -onis, -ūnas are noticeably more often written with endings, e.g. : Kukaitis (S, 522), Macaytis (S, 694), Plikaitis (VSM 120); Burnionis (MV 325), Masonis (S, 666), Narbutonis (MV 180), Simonis 3 (M 29; S 28; S 222); Paciunas (M 244), Waytkunas (VSM 160), Werkunas (MV 132) and others. Only a few names with the following suffixes have been observed, which are written without endings: Braidziun (VSM 401), Girdziun (VSM 201), Jankun (S, 133), Jafoic (S, 450), Koiatun (M 525), Perkun (S, 25), Pirciun (S,144), S3imkun 2 (M 192; V 262), S3ymon (MV 338), Tomkun (S,142), Wakarynayc (S, 137), Wirbalon (S, 138), and S3imkun 2 (M 192; V 262). 694), (S,7). As evidence of the deliberate glorification of personal names by the townspeople, it seems that such cases should be evaluated, when beside an anthroponym without a suffix, its equivalent with a Slavic suffix is also recorded. The context of the books of Acts suggests that these are usually anthroponyms naming the same persons, e.g. : Valentinus Biwilis (S, 495) —Valentinus Biwilewic3 (S, 401), Franciscus Boniszko (M 51) — Franciscus Bonis3kowic3 (M 104), Georgius Budris (M 497) —Jerzy Budrewic3 (M 391), Jan Burnif3ko (VSM 65) —Jan Burnifzkiewic3 (VSM 265), Tomas3a Dulki (kilm.; MV 414) —Tomas3 Dulkiewic3 (MV 72), Frąc Gniauzius (MV 196) —Frąca Gniaujziewicia (kilm.; MV 394), Jacobi Jaugiel (S, 731) —Jacobi Jawgietowicz (S, 737), Jana Jodsia (kilm.; MV 246) —Joannes Jodziewics (MV 96 451), Stanistaw Kieloc (VSM 363) —Stanislawa Kielociewic3a (kilm.; VSM 297), Jersego Ludwika (kilm.; V 48) —Jersego Ludwikowic3a (kilm.; V 114), Adami Maniuk (M 133) —Adami Maniukiewic3 (M 133), Nicolai Ragel —Nicolai Ragetowic3 (S, 639), Jurgia Stegwila (kilm.; MV 219) —Jersemu Stegwitowiczowi (naud.; MV 182), Petri Steygwit (S, 188) —Piotrowi Steygwitowiczowi (naud. ; S,4) kt. ir - Most often, apparently, the Slavification is also related to the writing of the same genders of personal names with Lithuanian and Slavic suffixes, e.g. : Marcin Balciunaytys (MV 217) —Marcinowi Balciewic3owi (naud.; MV 48), Bartholomeum Grys3kaytis (S, 119) —Bartholomeum Gryskiewic3 (S, 318), Joannes Koiatun (M 525) —Joannes Koiatowic3 (M 27), Piotra Maciulonia (kilm.; VSM 489) —Piotru Maciulewic3u (naud.; VSM 489) —Piotr Maciulowic3 (VSM 489), Jana Stankuna (kilm.; MV 155) —Jana Stankiewicza (kilm.; MV 331), Michaeli Ssymkun (S, 128) —Michaeli S3ymkiewic3 (S, at kt. 686) The presented data show that the personal names of the citizens of Kaunas in the first half of the 17th century were praised in various ways. In comparison with the situation in the second half of the 16th century, it can be observed that the glorification of personal names is much more intense in the present-day period. From the investigated books of Kaunas acts of the first half of the 17th century, 1463 different persons – citizens of Kaunas – were given binary names.” The first members of this designation are Christian names. The second are the surnames or their substitutes. It is precisely the second person nouns of the binary designation that are the object of the study. They are 1463. In terms of origin, the following groups are distinguished: personal names of Lithuanian origin and personal names of non-Lithuanian origin. The distinction was based on V. Maciejauskienė’s opinion that personal names of Lithuanian origin are only those that originated “from genetically own Lithuanian words” (Maciejauskienė 1997a: 109). It is not always possible to assign the studied anthroponyms to one or another group mentioned. Therefore, another group of personal names was added – other personal names. Nothing can be said with certainty about the origin of these personal names due to difficulties in authentically determining the gender, extralinguistic factors or other reasons. This group includes anthroponyms whose origin can be interpreted several times, and the possible etymologies are sometimes almost equivalent. In assessing the origin of the personal names, we mainly relied on the “Dictionary of Lithuanian Surnames” by M. Gottschaldas, K. Brechenmacher, E. Fraenkelis, M. Biryla, Š. 1999: 146–147. Some cases of the Kaunas County Court were transferred to the court of another institution (cf. Kiaupa 1988: 28). It is not always possible to trace this exactly. Therefore, a certain error in calculation must be taken into account. 97 H. Bahlowo, Z. Zinkevičiaus, K. Kuzavinio and B. Savukyno, B. Unbegauno and others. works*". The names of the first half of the 17th century inhabitants of Kaunas are not reconstructed. This is a more compact presentation. The number of individuals in the community who speak the language is increasing. Among the 1463 anthroponyms of the first half of the 17th century inhabitants of Kaunas, 400 are of Lithuanian origin. This accounts for 27% of all the anthroponyms discussed. They are further classified into three subgroups: Lithuanian old binomial personal names and patronymics formed from them, abbreviations of binomial anthroponyms and the latter’s prefix derivatives and personal names of nickname origin. Among the 43 anthroponyms of Lithuanian origin discussed, there are those that can be attributed to Lithuanian old binomial personal names and patronymic names formed from them. This includes about 1196 anthroponyms of all Lithuanian origin: Beynarowic3 (MV 352), Biwil (S, 172), Biwilewic3 3 (MV 61; S, 137; S, 218), Biwilewic3a 2 (kilm.; V 103; VSM 194), Biwilowi (naud.; MV 168), Dawiotys (MV 349), Dowgird (M 181), Eygird (S, 169), Gey/torowi (naud.; V 103), Giedgowd (M 120), Ginbutt (MV 177), Jagietowic3 (V 302), Jaugita (kilm.; V 191), Jawgiela (kilm.; MV 59), Jawgieltowic3 (S, 737), Josudowic3owi (naud.; MV 377), Jowa[zaytis (V 13), Narbutonis (MV 180), Norgetowicza (kilm.; MV 352), Radwitaytis (VSM 194) 20 pp. 1, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1985; 2, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1989; Gottschald M. German names. Our family names according to their origin and meaning, Berlin: Verlag Walter de Gruyter u. Co, 1954; Brechenmacher K.J. Etymological Dictionary of German Family Names 1, Limburg a. d. Lahn. : C. A. Starke Verlag, 1960; 2, Limburga. d. Lahn. : C. A. Starke Verlag 1963; Fraenkel E. Litauisches etymologisches Wérterbuch 1, Heidelberg-Gottingen: Carl Winter, Universititsverlag, 1962; 2, Heidelberg-Gottingen: Carl Winter, Universititsverlag, 1965; Bipsina M. B. beaapyckas anmpananimis, Minck: HaByka i toxuuka, 1966; Bahlow H. Deutsches Namenlexikon, Miinchen: Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1967; Rospond S. Stownik nazwisk slgskich 1, Wroclaw-- Warsaw-- Krakow: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich-Wydawnictwo, 1967; Bip sia M. b. beaapyckas anmpananimis, MiHCK: Hasyka i raxnuxa, 1969; Rospond S. Stownik nazwisk slgskich 2, Wroclaw-- Warsaw-- Krakow: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolinskich-Wydawnictwo, 1973; Zinkevičius Z. Lithuanian anthroponymics. Vilnius Lithuanian personal names in the early 17th century, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1977; Cranrmane B. D. JJamonuckas anmpononumus. Pamuauu, Mocksa: Hayka, 1981; Biprsrmua M. b. beaapyckas anmpananimiz, Minck: HaByka i Toxunka, 1982; Salys A. Mūsų lietuviškieji vardai. —Raštai 2, Roma: Lietuvos katalikų mokslo akademija, 1983, 267-284; Kuzavinis K, Savukynas B. Dictionary of the Origin of Lithuanian Names, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1987, Va6erayn O. b. Pycckue pamuauu, Mocksa: Ilporpecc, 1989; Stownik nazwisk wspolczesnie w Polsce uzywanych 1-10, Krakéw: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Polish Language, 1992-1994; Stownik imion wspdlczesnie w Polsce uzywanych, Krakéw: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Polish Language, 1995. 98 301), Radwilowic3 (MV 101), Radwilowic3a (kilm.; V 258), Radwifowic3owi (naud.; V 145), Skirmant 2 (MV 385; S, 341), Stegwit (S, 32), Stegwitowic3owi (naud.; MV 182), Steigwit (S, 188), Steigwito (M 154), Surwilis (S, 804), Tarwoin 5 (MV 10; S, 614; S,28; V 292; VSM 213), Wimbaraiciwi (naud.; V 58), Wisgirda (kilm; VSM 15), Woy3butonis (MV 64), Zastowtowicja (kilm.; M 194). Only 30 (~8% of all personal names of Lithuanian origin) anthroponyms of Kaunas citizens have been found in the sources, which can be linked to the abbreviations and their prefix derivatives of Lithuanian old binomial personal names”*: Darguja (original; MV 61), Gierdziunowics (MV 38), Gird3iuna (original; V 8), Maniuk 4 (M 133; S, 198, 351; S, 155), Maniuka (original; MV 350), Maniukiewic3 (S, 433), Maniukiewic3a 2 (original; MV 65; V 101), Narkiewic3 3 (MV 91, 329; S, 143), Narkun 2 (S, 615; S, 77), Narkuna 2 (original; V 172; VSM 425), Narkunowi (original; MV 353), Narkunowic3owi (original; MV 101), Naruszayciowi (original; MV 427), Narus3ewic3a (original; V 151), Rymda 2 (M 391; VSM 152), Rymkowi (original; V 27), Rymkowic3 (VSM 243), Romeyko 2 (MV 271, 273), Romeykowic3 (MV 349). Among the investigated personal names of Kaunas residents of Lithuanian origin are mainly anthroponyms of nickname origin. They are related to specific Lithuanian nouns, adjectives and verbs. There are 327 of them, comprising 8196 personal names of Lithuanian origin: Balciewic3 (S, 177), Balciunaytys (MV 217), Berankis3ka 2 (kilm.; V 220; VSM 153), Berankiszkis (VSM 438), Berankowic3 (M 561), Braidziewic3 2 (V 39; VSM 74), Braidziun (VSM 401), Bryzga (kilm.; MV 432), Brijgia (kilm.; V 140), Bublin[kiego (kilm.; VSM 261), Budris (M 497), Burba 3 (MV 19; S, 731; S, 108), Burbela (kilm.; V 17), Burbety 3 (kilm.; V 28, 70; VSM 424), Burboni (kilm.; S, 661), Burbowic3 (MV 364), Burbosigcia 2 (kilm.; MV 42, 358), Burbulis 2 (MV 69; S, 142), Burnionis (MV 325), Burnifka (kilm.; VSM 507), Burniszka (kilm.; V 167), Burnis3kiewic3 2 (MV 155,212; S, 215), Burnisskowi (naud.; VSM 217), Burni[5kowic3a (kilm.; V 92), Dagiel (MV 308), Dagielis (S, 684), Daukfiewics (V 145), Dawxia (kilm.; MV 171)%, Dydonia (kilm.; MV 254), Dregniowicja (kilm.; V 122), Dregniu (naud.; V 122), Dryzna (S, 242), Dryzniewicz (S, 249), Dulki (kilm.; MV 414), Dwilewicz 2 (S, 523; VSM 72), Dwilewicza 3 (kilm.; MV 147,350; V 112), Dwilonis (MV 132), Dwilowic3 (MV 307), Dwitowicsowie 4 (dgs. V 247; VSM 79), Dwilsencia (kilm.; VSM 145), D3iuga (kilm.; MV 160), D3iugas (S,126), D3iuteta (VSM 52), Dsiutety 2 (kilm.; S,52, 62), Djiutetowicza (kilm.; MV 49), Gaidelis (V 272), Gayzewski 3 (MV 128; S, 402; S, 132), Girulowi (naud.; V 266), Gniauzdsius (S, 9), Gniaujiewicza (kilm.; MV 394), Gniauzius (VSM 137), * For the number and place of these names in the Lithuanian namebook, see 1999: 150–151. ?2 V. Mažiulis believes that the personal name Daukša is a derivative of the suffix -§a (-$as), but it did not appear as a derivative of lit. daūg, but as a prepositional abbreviation of bicamenous personal names from them sando daug-, cf. Daūg-vydas et al. (Mažiulis 1998: 154; 1999: 30). 99 Gras3tela (kilm.; V 301), Greyciuna (kilm.; MV 231), Grykpelis (VSM 279), Grykpell (S, 674), Grykpells (MV 185), Gudaytys (MV 87), Gulbina (kilm.; MV 125), Gulbiniewic3a (kilm.; V 158), Gulbinowicz 2 (S, 270; V 278), Jedko (V 304), Jodykloniowi (naud.; V 221), Jodiklonis (V 126), Jodis 3 (S, 324; V 42; VSM 399), Jodka (MV 112), Jodkiewic3 (V 30), Jodkiewic3a (kilm.; V 110), Jodkowic3 (M 42), Jodoklonis (S,67), Jod3ia 2 (kilm.; MV 246, 337), Jod3iewic3 2 (V 174; VSM 120), Jodziewicza (kilm.; V 247), Kabaldis (VSM 244), Kieyda 3 (MV 102; S, 495; V 191), Kiela (kilm.; M 63), Kielewic; (MV 448), Kietmutys (MV 355), Kieloc 2 (M 118; S, 116), Kielocia (kilm.; V 274), Kielociewicja (kilm.; VSM 297), Kielotis (VSM 558), Kieluciewics (VSM 257), Kiernowics (VSM 493), Kiernowski (M 566), Kierotis (M 5), Kierutis (V 236), Kinka (kilm.; MV 109), Kiszkieliencia (kilm.; VSM 393), Koiata (S, 267), Koiato 2 (M 576; V 217), Koiallowicz 2 (MV 179; S, 116), Koiatowi (naud.; VSM 200), Koiatun (M 525), Koyrewics (V, 10), Krauielis (V, 185), Krumadantis (M 507), Krumodancia (kilm.; V 238), Krumodenc (S, 18), Krutynaytys (MV 312), Krutynionis (MV 224), Kukaitis (S, 522), Kulnius (S, 183), Kumpaycia (kilm.; V 3), Latwionis (MV 430), Laudan/ki 3 (MV 46; V 30; VSM 236), Lauka (kilm.; VSM 368), Lenkiewics (MV 282), Makjztela (S, 215), Maldsius 2 (MV 416; V 259), Marguzis 2 (M 43; VSM 60), Masgieyka (MV 332), Majsgieyko (VSM 451), Mergabernia (kilm.; MV 74), Mielkozecia (kilm.; V 136), Milcsunowic3 (MV 401), Morguzia (kilm.; V 118), Mojgieykuna (kilm.; V 135), Mutka (MV 154), Mulko 2 (V 66; VSM 294), Mulkus (MV 102), Munius (S, 223), Nagieliewics (MV 243), Niuk 2 (S, 511; S, 191), Norjencia (kilm.; VSM 256), Ozelis (V 8), Pagayk/cia (kilm.; S, 350), Pagaiksstis (M 39), Palepis (S, 729), Pelukscia (kilm.; S, 73), Peluksstis (VSM 393), Pempe (VSM 260), Perdonis (S, 137), Perkun (S, 25), Perkunelis (MV 216), Perkunowic3 (MV 62), Pierdaytis (S, 365), Pierdonia (kilm.; MV 311), Pilwelowic3 (MV 348), Pirciun (S, 144), Placiakis (VSM 324), Plakaytis (S, 52), Plaukocia 2 (kilm.; S, 311) 125; V 168), Plaukoc3 2 (MV 12; S, 340), Plawkoc 2 (VSM 193; S, 565), Plikaitis (VSM 120), Plikiem (inag.; V 289), Pliko3entis (V 426), Polukftys (MV 108), Prypirktinis (VSM 212), Probul (S, 75), Probula (kilm.; VSM 131), Puykaycia (kilm.; MV 238), Puikis (MV 68), Pukieniewic3 (V 248), Pukienowic3 (V 233), Pumpuc (VSM 159), Pumpucia (kilm.; MV 64), Pumpuciewic3 (V 175), Pumpuc3 (S, 174), Purela (kilm.; MV 184), Puslewic3 (V 247), Pufplika (kilm.; MV 298), Pus3le (kilm.; V 304), Ragelewic3 (MV 58), Ragella (kilm.; MV 313), Ragetowic3 (S, 639), Ragiel (S, 189), Raudonia (kilm.; V 253), Raudosz (VSM 544), Raudoszentis (V 268), Raupsia (kilm.; V 34), Rawdonkaklowam 2 (dgs. naud.; M 39), Rawdo3 (M 105), Rajel 3 (MV 206; V 108; VSM 222), Razelewic3 (MV 72), Razelowi (naud.; MV 258), Razelowics (MV 67), Ryms3a 2 (V 91, 95), Ryms3y (kilm.; S,52), Rogoif3a (kilm.; V 228), Rudenaytys (MV 231), Rudys 4 (MV 65, 419; S, 62; S,26), Rugena (kilm.; MV 216), Rukieniewic3 (V 239), Rusteika (V 282), Saldziuna (kilm.; V 266), Saudokula (kilm.; MV 334), Sautela (kilm.; V 62), Sawodonia (kilm.; V 167), 100 Septinptaukiowi (naud.; VSM 114), Sefkielowi (naud.; MV 101), Sik/nis (MV 184), Sileykis (MV 183), Siukfta (MV 94), Skilandziuna (kilm.; MV 201), Slubella (kilm.; MV 217), Slubellowics 2 (MV 290, 325), Smoilewic3 (VSM 358), Smoilewicsu (naud.; V 197), Smoilinis (V 190), Smoilis (S, 9), Smoilowics (MV 35), Spalewicz (V 29), Spolis (S, 219), Srogaitis (VSM 382), Srogowics (V 69), Staciakia (kilm.; VSM 43), Stacikis (MV 186), Stangielewics (MV 57), Steybutowics (MV 388), Strebeyko (MV 181), Szawla (kilm.; V 69), S3awlewic3 4 (MV 170, 217; S,78; V 31), Szawlis (M 143), Sztubel (VSM 266), S3lubetis (V 176), Szmoilis (S, 797), Sznukielewicy (S, 144), Szukaitis (M 23), Szukia (kilm.; MV 202), S3ukiewic3 (MV 238), Szukiewic3a (kilm.; MV 251), S3ukis 5 (MV 251) 66, 78, 202; S, 166; V 104), Sswairaitis (VSM 262), Szweplunis (M 510), Trytapaytys (VSM 354), Trytupem (inag.; V 169), Trumpaylo (MV 386), Wakarynayc (S, 137), Wakarinaytis 3 (M 524; V 177, 225), Wakarnaytis (V 153), Webrela (kilm.; VSM 219), Wergelowicz (M 497), Werkowics (MV 62), Werkunas (MV 132), Werf[zetaytys (MV 32), Wezeta 2 (kilm.; MV 104; VSM 382), Wejzelis (V 172), Wierbassewiczow 3 (dgs. kilm.; V 9), Wilkodurowic3 3 (MV 100; V 162; VSM 111), Wirbalewics (MV 433), Wirbalon 2 (kilm.; S, 287), Wortow[- ki 4 (MV 228; S, 669; S, 104; V 101), Wortowlkiego (kilm.; V 274), Zebrela (kilm.; V 49), Zebris (VSM 155), Zeimelis (V 293), Zemaicia (kilm.; V 287), Zemaitela 2 (kilm.; V 255; VSM 90), Zemaitelowego (kilm.; V 34), Zemoytaycia (kilm.; MV 433), Zemoytel (S,129), Zernelis (MV 392), Zytaytys (MV 149), Zymela (kilm.; MV 235). This abundant layer of personal names of Kaunas residents’ surname origin should be considered as a universal feature of the historical context of the anthroponymy of the first half of the 17th century (see Maciejauskienė 1991: 243). At the beginning of the speaking period, the inhabitants of Vilnius also had many personal names of this kind (cf. Zinkevičius 1977b: 231). In the investigated Kaunas acts books, 948 (6596 of all discussed) anthroponyms of non-Lithuanian origin of Kaunas residents were recorded. They are divided into three subgroups: personal names derived from Christian names, Slavic anthroponyms of appellative origin and personal names of Germanic origin. Among Kaunas residents of non-Lithuanian origin, the majority of personal names were derived from Christian names. There are 523 of them. This amounts to 5596 of all non-Lithuanian anthropologists*, e.g. : Adamowic3 2 (MV 123, 182), Alechnaytys (S, 117), Aleknowic3 (V 24), Alexandrowic3 3 (MV 229; S, 191; VSM 25), Alexandrowic3a (kilm. ; MV 2 For the sake of brevity, not all, but only most of the names of the spoken group are given here. 101 Biržiška V,Biržiška M. 1987: Lithuanian students at foreign universities in the 14th-18th centuries, Chicago: Institute of Lithuanian Studies. Brechenmacher J. 1960: Etymological Dictionary of German Family Names 1, Limburg a. d. Lahn: C. A. Starke Verlag. Brechenmacher J. 1963: Etymological Dictionary of German Family Names 2, Limburg a. d. Lahn: C. A. Starke Verlag. 1958: The Names of the World. 1963: Ze studiėw nad slawizacją litewskich nazw miejscowych i osobowych. —Rinktiniai raštai 1, Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės 201—269. literatūros leidykla, Falk K. O. 1963: Ze studiėw nad slawizacją litewskich nazw miejscowych i osobowych. —Scando-Slavica 9, 87—103. Falk K. O. 1966: Methods of Slavification of Lithuanian Personal and Place Names. —Sprakliga Bidrag 5(22), 1-16. Fraenkel E. 1962: Lithuanian etymological dictionary1, Heidelberg-- Gėttingen: Carl Winter, Universitatsverlag. Fraenkel E. 1965: Lithuanian etymological dictionary 2, Heidelberg-- Gėttingen: Carl Winter, University Press. Gottschald M. 1954: German names. Unsere Familiennamen nach ihrer Entstehung und Bedeutung, Berlin: Verlag Walter de Gruyter u. Co., 1953. (in Polish) The history of Polish family names from the 16th to the 19th century, Wroclaw: Zakład imienia Ossolinskich —wydawnictwo, 1953. Jonikis P. 1973: Lithuanian Student Names in European Universities in the 15th-18th Centuries. —Lituanistikas darbai 3, 201—216. 1973: The Fate of the Old Kaunas City Archives. —Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Ser A, 2(43), 125-140. 1977: Fights between Lutherans and Catholics in Kaunas until the middle of the 18th century. —Religious Struggles and Heresies in Lithuania 4, 13—26, Vilnius: Mintis. Kiaupa Z. 1988: Kaunas city vaitas and its acts books in the first half of the 16th-17th centuries. — Sources of the History of Lithuanian Cities, Vilnius: Mokslas, 25-46. Kiaupa Z. 2000: Kaunas vaito XVI a. vidurio knygos prakalba lietuviškai. —The Crossroads of Cultures, Vilnius: Diemedžio leidykla, 66-92. Kuzavinis K,Savukynas B. Dictionary of the Origin of Lithuanian Names, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1987. 1-2, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1985-1989. Maciejauskienė V.1990: Manesycke He B. Binauue A3bKa HCTOYUHHKOB Ha BapHaHTHOCTH JIKMTOBCKHX (baMnruH B XVIII Beke. —Batto-sowiariskie wiqzki językowe. Prace Slawistyczne 81, Wroclaw and others. : Wydawnictwo polskie] akademii nauk, Maciejauskieneé V.1991: The formation of Lithuanian surnames, Vilnius: Mokslas. 263-273. Maciejauskienė V. 1993: XVII-XVIII a. asmenvardai Kriaunų parapijos. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 32: Baltic Onomastics Studies, 34—99. Maciejauskienė V. 1994: Lithuanian surnames: development and origin (habilitation thesis), Vilnius. Maciejauskienė V.1997a: On the classification of Lithuanian surnames (personal names). —Baltistica, Mažiulis V. 1998: About the surname Daukša. 32(1), 101-109. —Baltistica 33(2), 154. Mažiulis V. 1999: Dėl lie. Daukša of origin. —International conference: Mikalojus Daukša and the cultural context of his time. Thesis of the conference. Vilnius, 21-22 October 1999, Vilnius: Vilnius University, 30. Otrebski J. 1963: Slavification of Lithuanian water and place names. —From Polish Slavic studies. Series 2: Linguistics, 267-268. Ragauskaitė A. 1999: Personal names of Lithuanian origin of Kaunas citizens in the second half of the 16th century. — Lithuanian Linguistics Issues 41, 145-158. 1987: PaMonrenre M. Jumosckue ghamuauu xonąa XVIII e. ABropedepar muc. [...] chicken. Pumon. Hayk, BuasHioc. 108 Reply S. 1967: List of Silesian surnames 1, Wroclaw-Warsaw-Krakow: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich-Wydawnictwo. Reply S. 1973: List of Silesian surnames 2, Wroclaw-Warsaw-Krakow-Gdansk: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolifiskich-Wydawnictwo. Country A. 1983: Our Lithuanian names. — Widgets 2, Rome: Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Sciences, 267-284. Stownik imion wspdlczesnie w Poland used, Krakow: Poland Academy Nauk, Institute of Language Polish, 1995. Słownik nazwisk wspólnie w Poland used 1-10, Krakow: Poland Academy Nauk, Institute of Language Polskiego, 1992-1994. Staltmane V.1981:CrTajr TM is B. D. Jambuuckas aumpononumus. Pamuauu, Mocksa: Hayka. Talent N. 1998: Historical Freda's Place. — The Chronicle of Kaunas History 1: Vytautas Great University, 157-165. TMOI - Teopus u memoduka onomacmuueckux uccredosanuii, Mocksa: Hayka, 1986. Unbegaun 0.1989: Vu 6eraynmn O. B. Small, smooth, Mockasa: Ilporpecc. Wolff A. 1957: Draft publishing instructions for written zrédel historical fields do 16th century. — History studies 1, 155-181. Zinkevičius Z. 1976: W on Lithuanian-Polish language contacts w Vilnius w 17th century. — Minutes Baltico-Slavica 9, 125-131. Zinkevičius Z.1977a: Iš Lithuanianisms Vilniaus 17th-century a. Polish manuscripts. — People ir speak, Vilnius: Mintis, 93-101. Zinkevičius Z. 1977b: Lithuanian anthroponymics. Vilnius Lithuanian personal names At the a. beginning of XVII, Vilnius: Science. Zinkevičius Z. 1977c: Personal name system In Lithuania. — Baltistica. II Annex, 151-156. Zinkevičius Z. 1997: Inventoria. es of 17th century manors — Eastern Demographic Analysis of ir Lithuania. — Issues of Lithuanian Linguistics 38, 63-80. ON THE ORIGIN OF PROPER NAMES BORNE BY RESIDENTS OF Kaunas IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 17" CENTURY Summary For this paper, the names of 1463 townsmen, entered into official documents of the town of Kaunas in the first half the of 17th century, were examined with regard to their origin. Only the second components bipartite of anthroponyms were taken into consideration. Three groups were singled out: names of Lithuanian origin, names non-Lithuanian of origin and names whose origin unclear allows more than one interpretation. is or of Among the names singled out for examination, 400 (27%) were of Lithuanian origin. They comprised archaic Lithuanian compound names and patronymics derived from them (43 = 11%), shortened forms and suffixal derivatives such compound names of (30 = 8%), and second names that originated nicknames. as 948 names proved to be of non-Lithuanian origin (65% of those examined). Among them were names associated with the 523 Christian tradition (55%), 270 names derived from Slavic appellatives (29%) and names 155 of Germanic origin (16%). The third group, consisting names, of 115 made up 8% of the total number anthroponyms of singled out for investigation. Among them, 80 (= 70%) were unclear as to their origin, and 35 (= 30%) were susceptible several of interpretations. 109 By way of comparison, the proper names entered in the same period into the birth and marriage registers of the parish of Kriaunai were also examined with regard to their origin. In the Kaunas documents, names of non-Lithuanian origin make up some 65% of the total number, whereas in the church books of Kriaunai they amount to a mere 32%. This shows that townsfolk had distinctive features of their own as far as the origin of their proper names are concerned. Alma RAGAUSKAITE Received 2000 02 24 Lithuanian Language Institute Antakalnis g. 6 LT-2055, Vilnius, Lithuania 110