Mikalojaus Daukšos „Katekizmo“ (1595) sudėtiniai aiškinamieji sakiniai

ACTA LINGUISTICA LITHUANICA XLVII (2002), 19-29 ARTŪRAS JUDŽENTIS Lietuvių kalbos institutas, Vilnius This article deals with the complex sentences containing complement clauses in M. Daukša's Katekizmas as well as in his Trumpas budas pasisakymo nuodémiu (1595). Attention is paid to the syntactic structure of these sentences and to the semantic relations between clauses. They are compared with the corresponding sentence models in Modern Standard Lithuanian. The conclusion is advanced that Dauksa’s language had no complementisers proper, in the sense of semantically empty markers of embedding. Instead, we find subordinators reflecting different types of semantic relationship between complement and main predicate; similar types of semantic relationship are reflected in adverbial clauses introduced by the same subordinators. 0. IVADAS Explanatory sentences of the present common language are connected by the plural conjunctions that, that or by the conjunctives beginning an indirect question (Ambrazas 1994: 669-670). In academic grammar, these conjunctions are also called asemantic, polyfunctional conjunctions, because they link the secondary sentence to the main one, but do not indicate the nature of their relationship (Ambrazas 1994: 661; 1997: 720). Comparison of the old Lithuanian scripts with the present common language shows that there have been fundamental changes in the structure of compound connective sentences. This article examines two works of Mikalojus Daukša published in 1595 in convoluted form — the Catechism® and * The article is based on the material of the project “Complex sentences of the Catechism of M. Daukša from 1595” supported by the Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation. The project was carried out together with Jūratė Pajédiene; its registration No. 96-163/3G. I sincerely thank Professor Aksel Holvoet for his valuable comments during the preparation of the article. In this article, as in newer works of Lithuanian linguistics, the explanatory clauses are called compound connective sentences, whose secondary elements depend on the verbs, verb nouns, adjectives, participles and adverbs in the main clause and have the syntactic function of the principal factor or complement of the main clause (see Ambrazas 1994: 665, 668-669; 1997: 725-726; Labutis 2002: 157-158). The secondary focus of the explanatory sentences takes the position of the valent actant opened by the taric of the main focus (see Labutis 2002: 157). *—CATECHISM OR SCIENCE FOR EVERY CHRISTIAN. Next in the article —Catechism. 20 | ARTÚRAS MUDŽENTIS Trump’s “speech sins”—explanatory sentences. Unlike the present common language, they use the conjunctions idant, że and jeśli(g(u)- ), which Daukšos uses to connect circumstantial secondary sentences." The prevalent explanatory clause conjunction kad® Daukšos is used only in the time and the nearby causal and conditional sentences. 1. SENTENCES WITH IDENT The conjunction idant is the most commonly used conjunction in Daukša's compound sentences: in the Catechism and in the Short Way there are 144 compound sentences with this conjunction. Their secondary sentences are directly syntactically connected to the conjunct of the main sentence or modify other parts of the main sentence. The sentences required by the principal participle, i.e. explanatory sentences, make up almost half of all found compound sentences with this conjunction (68 examples). In the works examined, circumstantial, secondary sentences, which are free members of the semantic structure of the compound sentence, were found only by a few more examples than explanatory ones. The main adverb is not required, although it is directly syntactically related to the subordinate sentences with the if in the compound sentence goes in the circumstance of the object" (a) or the effect® (b). The latter are characterized by syntactic function-- highlighting responses, e.g. : a) wiffos that night atait ///idgnt’ ant’ mūjfJų vžgrūtų //ir mus vifiégty. 169 18-20 A short Buddha of Pafifakimu or Confession Nitdemiu. Next in the article — The Short Way. Explanatory sentences in the Old Lithuanian language have not been specifically studied. Data on individual types of them, especially on the use of conjunctions in them, can be found in the studies of A. Leskienas (1903), E. Hermannas (1912, 1926), J. Palionis (1967). The corresponding sentences of the present common language have been examined in grammars (Jablonskis 1911/1957, 1922/1957; Balčikonis, 1982; Balkevičius 1963; Sirtautas, Grenda 1988; Ambrazas 1972, 1976, 1994, Ambrazas, ed. 1997; Labutis 2002); V. Būda (1979; see also his 1987) has written specifically about complement sentences in the present language. The most detailed study of the purpose, cause, condition and effect of the compound connective sentences with these conjunctions in the present common language and in the ancient writings was done by L. Drotvin (1958, 1961, 1962, 1963a, 1963b, 1964, 1967). They are also discussed in the aforementioned Lithuanian grammar. Recent studies of individual circumstantial sentence types include those of S. Girdenienė (2000, 2001), E. Kibildaitė (2001), J. Liutkutė (Erichsmeier) (Liutkutė 1998, 2000, Erichsmeier 2002) and V. Našlėnaitė (Eberhardt) (2001, 2002). 6 The use of the conjunction kad in contemporary Lithuanian is described in J. Žukauskaitė’s study (1957). The article takes the view that the semantic structure of the verbs of movement does not have a finite function, which could be expressed by explanatory sentences, so the corresponding secondary sentences are classified as circumstantial. The author of the Lithuanian Verb Conjugation Dictionary, N. Sližienė, has a different opinion, cf. ateiti (Sližienė 1994: 105). In academic grammar, such sentences are regarded as direct-connection descriptors (cf. Ambrazas 1976: 836-842; 1994: 678-680, Ambrazas, ed. 1997: 735-737 (correlative clauses)), and in traditional grammar — the circumstances of a verbal, indicative, or manner. 1911/1957: 492, mę" (1964: 22). Here and further quoted according to V. Jakštienė and J. Palionis prepared edition of the Catechism and Trump’s way norėiči (1995). SECTIONS OF THE CATECHISMS | 21 b) téikis ia //teip apkabint /ir faw¢[p //priimt' /idgni nei giwato-//ié /nei numirimę nūg tawės //nei galėtų bat’ at[kirta. (rdcj ią tak //obtapič /y ku [obie przyiąc /aby //ani w żywocie /ani w śmierci //od czyebie oderwana byč niemo-//gta.) 168, Subordinate sentences not directly related to the main conjunction with idant modify the adjective (a) or the indicative (b) of the main sentence- *". The meaning of their effect is confused with the meaning of the goal, the objective, cf. : a) Do you know what wai-//[that /didn't //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never //never? (Wiefs3e ty idkie lekarftwo ///jeby kto nigdy kr3ywo nie pr3y-//šięgat?) 79,, milédamas tawė meile teip' karfta idgnt’ wiffos iščios mano degt( mitéymu tawo (mi-//tuige cig [...] mitoščią tak gorą-/ca /aby wfsytkie wnętr3nošči //moie gorzaly w milosči twey) b) [...] // / // // 167, ,, Explanatory secondary sentences with idant in a compound sentence have the syntactic function of a factor or adjective. Explanatory sentences required by: a) verba desiderativa, i.e. verbs denoting acts of will or efforts made to achieve a goal, such as want, take care of and the compound make preparation “to try, to take care of”: galū //melft Diewą /idgnt’ pér nū-//pēlnus /ir darbus [awy //fwetuiy fuffimyttų ant muf- // fu 66, , Tu idgnt’ // bucsia as [screen // Tephthamint (Tyš chéial dbych byt iako Įkrzynia Teftame- // ntu) 166,, b) verba postulandi, i.e. verbs and compounds denoting speech acts intended to influence the addressee's behaviour (pray, ask, command, remind '"napomnieč', jgraudenti 'napominac', make a request): As i3filldiffi- // mé trēc3ia priffdkimg [...]? ordering iddant’ ir // some maffy waldžioia are // /t€ipaiag darity. (How do we keep the fourth //commandment [...]? Trying also to y others // us poruc3eni / Mf5ey ftuchali.) 79-80, c) verba timendi (verb to fear): biiokites /idant' Wie-//(špatis Diewas nė pėrtai-// [tų ko pikto ąnt iuffy (boyčie fię //[kardnia Božego) 81., d) verba sentiendi —the imperative form of the verb to remember (the conjunction idant is not characteristic of sentences with these verbs at all): 0 In traditional grammar they are considered to be indicative (see Jablonskis 1911/1957: 494-495; Balčikonis 1982: 125; Balkevičius 1963: 342, 345; Sirtautas, Grenda 1988: 163-164), 0 in academic grammar they are considered to be indicative or descriptive indirect sentences of direct connection (see Ambrazas 1976: 830, 840-843). 22 | ARTŪRAS JUDŽENTIS Remember idgnt’ day né-//dėlos we [timbei. (Pamigtay dbys džien Nie-//džielny šwiečil.) 74,, e) modal verbs (meaning deontic" necessity) and predicatively used adjectives derėti, reikėti; necessary, obligatory: ręikia //idant pagęrbtūmbimę a-//ng /per kuri prifsiékeme. 78,,, f) causative verbs in the broad sense (pure causative verbs and verbs signifying that the subject by his permission, help, etc. creates conditions for some action or state) —duoti “to allow, to grant”, padėti ‘to help’, padaryti “to do, to make”: Jeig dabar manę //fwčiką pramitįfi /dik idąni //galéc3é giwatą mang [ti-//prei pataifit (Jefliže iefsc3e pr3y 3dro-//wiu mię 3achowaf3 /day dbych //mogt żywota mego [tatecznie // poprawic) 189 g) adjective worth: S3wėtas Jonas krikfstito-//iės [...] nė pa3inos //ėffąs wėrtū idgni autūwo //tawo diržėlį išrifstų. (Swiety Jan //Krąčičiel [...] ani [ig //3nat byč godnym /iżby v tr3e-//wika r3emyk rozwigzal.) 149, The syntactic function of the verb is performed by explanat14-17 ory sentences in the position of the noun noun, when they are required by the verb postulandi sangrąžinė bendratis priminėtis (a)'? or verbs denoting the relation of identity between propositional arguments and its determination: zmanytis ‘express- ’, priskaityti ‘poczytac’, būti ‘express’ (b), e.g. : a) C3¢ gali priminétis /idgnt //nidemes wy[[okios [dugo-//tus kiekwiénas (Widruy [ig každy grzechu wfela-//kiego) 93, „, b) M. What is ifiméanos // Amen? Mo. Jddnt teip’ butū or teip’ / tétamp’ // teip / Oh, God. // (M. A coj3 [ig rosumie Amen? V. Aby tak bylo: taiko Bože day.) 43, „, AiScattered subjunctives with idant in the main sentence may have answering words that closely link the elements of the compound sentence and emphasize the syntactic function of the subjunctive, e.g.: "Del termino plg. Matthews (1997: 91); more about deontic modalma see. Palmer (1986: 18–20). > Similar cases plg. (1964): 41. 23 I must be God's people / //and then I shall be able to /iféityg out of the people. (maiąli byč v Boga //platne /tedy tr3eba tego /aby //pochodžitly 3 mitošči.) 72,, “, Many compound sentences are characteristic of the language of Daugka, with substantives with a semantic or very general meaning, such as daiktas, dalykas, malonė, net širdis, etc., which play the role of the answering word”, the usage of which was supported by the nature of the translated text. Arthroid is often used with such nouns. For example: nė //requiring ėft thing-//kt /idanf often tu-//rėtųš do it. (nie ieft r3ecž // potr3ebna /aby fię to cżę-//[to cžynič miato) 117,,, Diikig man tą //malong /idgnt’ afš galtėcziė //būt méilingu tos geribes (Racžže mi dač tę ta-//[kg /abych ia mogt byč wd3ig-//cžen tego dobrodžieyftwa) 167,, Explanatory sentences with idant are characterized by deontic modality. There is an obvious semantic proximity of this type of explanatory sentences to circumstantial object sentences, which also convey the willful acts of the subject. This can also explain the use of the conjunction idant in sentences with verba timendi (fear, etc.): from a typological point of view, the complement sentences required by these verbs are derived from negative object sentences (see Lichtenberk 1995). Thus, the conjunction idant is characteristic of the Catechism and Trump's way of purpose sentences and those explanatory sentences that are related to them in terms of the semantic relations expressed. 2. SENTENCES WITH jog The conjunction that in Daukša’s book under consideration the part of a compound sentence connects 115 cases — it is one of Daukša’s most frequently used conjunction words for this purpose. Almost two-thirds of the ancillary sentences with jog (70 examples) are explanatory — this is the main syntactic type of these sentences. Conditional subjunctive sentences with the conjunction that in the Catechism and in the Short Way are found half less. They have the syntactic function of circumstances of cause (a), condition (b) or effect (c) in a compound sentence. For example: : a) The king //David //accepted [a-//miėfp fawėlfp raifsg man: //iog būwo funumi ano di-//džio /o mieto priėtėlėus io //Jona-//- ty (krol //Dawid pryiwatc do [totu //[wego chromego cżtowieka /iz //byt fynem onego wielkiego a //mitego pr3yiacield iego Jona-//ty) b) iog //Wiefspatié noréigi wel 153 17-22 at-//eit ing tūs grinus namūs //mano ir iūfę ftowėt / pradėk //laimint namūs tarno ta-//wo (gdyjes Pa-//nie /hciat te prišė w ten vbo-//gi dom /y w nim ftanąč /poc3ni //blogoftawič dom [tugi twego] 165,,, '*-—Plg. similar sentences of the present language with nouns in the noun part of the adverb gėda, kaltė, etc. (Ambrazas 1976: 813, 820-821; 1994: 671). '* The special conjunctions nes(q) and kadang are also used in the circumstance sentences Daukšos. 24 | ARTISTRY- 'S MOVEMENT c) kas //yra žmogus /iog teip atme-//ni ij (co ieft cżtowiek /iz nan tak //pamietač racžyf) 162,, The use of the conjunction jog (sometimes even without the answering words!) in circumstance-cause sentences is unusual for contemporary common language“. The semantic relationships of prepositions in Daukša’s texts are highlighted by the WORD todrin, drin to and because of to used in the main sentence. Conditional sentences with the preposition of the secondary sentence are characterized by the absence of answering words. The subordinate sentence of the effect with that is occasionally associated not with the main predicate, but modifies the circumstance of the way'®, e.g.: teip gėrai prif-//[idabdio tam if; maną //žmonės iog pataifimas /Ba3nic3ios /ir giwa-//tos krikf5c3ionifskos ///kitaip but nė galgio ///tiktai per tą fektą iau-//nūmo. (tak do-//br3e to obacžyli madr3y //ludžie /iz inacžey napra-//- wa koščiota Bože?" y r3e-//c3y pospolitey Chr3esci-/- /ianfkiey byč nie može /ie-//dno 3 tego mtodego našie-//nia) 6,,, Explanatory subjunctives with the conjunction that in a compound sentence have the syntactic function of a factor or adjective. The sentences that are joined by: a) speaking verbs (verba dicendi) to tell, to say, etc., e.g. : Tė pafsiffakai iog [fu ti-//krūiu fawū kūnu nė vfsi-//taike (Niechay fię fpowiada z 3 // wtafnym čiatem [woim /nie //obchodžit fig) 126,,,, b) verbs denoting mental activity or epistemic evaluation (verba sentiendi) tikėti, tikėtis, žinoti, pažinti ‘to acknowledge’, išpažinti, atminti, neužmiršti, veizdyti ‘to have in mind’, išmanyti ‘to understand’, prirašinėti ‘to attribute- ’, e.g.: priwa-//tū žinot /iog tokios //nūdemes gali būt ar-//ba priefs Diewą /or //priefš mūs pacsius (potr3eba //wiedžieč from tdkowe gr3e-//chy mogą byč abo pr3e-//čiw Bogu /dbo pr3ečiw //nam [dmym] 116,, c) causative verb to do: M. Kodrinag ią wa-//dina marinanč3ia? //Mo. That ii [...] does it ///iog takes [weikatg /and gi-//watg ios /it ėft /matonę //Diewo. (M. Cžemuž go 30wią śmiertel-/- /nym? //V. It is [...] She's losing her life. She's losing the ship of God. 92 10-16 5 Plg. Ambrazas (1976: 867). 1 Traditional grammar such sentences time circumstances (cf. Jablonskis 1911/1957: 506; Balčikonis 1982: 127; Balkevičius 1963: 357-358 (descriptive of circumstances of nature); Sirtautas, Grenda 1988: 168), 0 academic grammar —direct connection with descriptive sentences (cf. Ambrazas 1976: 840-842; 1994: 680, Ambrazas, ed. 1997: 735-737(correlative clauses)). 7 on the term plg. Matthews (1997: 115-116); more about epistemic modality see Palmer (1986: 18–20). Explanatory Sentences of the Catechism of the Church | 25 d) emotional verbs, i.e. verbs denoting emotional reactions to wonder, to complain (cf. Drotvinas 1963a: 17; 1964: 21), the compound to give the guilty “to confess (the guilt)”: nė reikia ftėbėtis ///iog nėkurios pgrfonos //nėbažnos nė rąda nū-//demių /išš kurių turė-//tų ditis kaltos (nie tr3eba //[ig džiwowač /iz niektore //perfony nabožne /nie ndy-// duią gr3echow /3 ktorych //by [i¢ mialy winnemi da-//wač) 115, „, [gali dūtis kaltas] iog nė tu-//rčio teip [tipro tikéiimo ///kaip dera ([može [ig dač winien] ij nie mial tak [td-//tec3ney widry /iako stufsa) 121,—-122,, The syntactic function of the verb is performed by those subordinate sentences with that, which are required by the passive form of verborum dicendi (a), the verbs denoting the relationship of identity between propositional arguments to know ‘to express’, to come out ‘(to do something for a result), to be ‘to express’ (b) and the compound denoting epistemic evaluation to be true (c), e.g. : a) Ape tawė ¢ifskei //tarita é[t: iog priemei nufidé-//iušius /ir fu iėis walgei. (O tobie iawnie mo-//wiono /jes pr3yiwatc gr3e-//f5ne /y 3 nimiš iadt.) 150,,, b) M. What is fedėt ąnt //défsinés Diewo Tė-//wo wi[fogalinc3io? //Mo. Jog [édi gnt’ aukfsezėu-- //[ios wietos /kuri yra dą-//guié 37, iš to ifšė-//it /iog nė tūri /iš ko tu-//rėtųs kaltais dūtis (z tad pochod3i /iš //nie maią 3 c3egoby //[ig win-//ni dač mieli) 115,,-116, c) Tikra eft tiefša iog ///ko nof žmogus iž iau-//niftes issigiėre /tąię //ir pafkuieiais mėtais //vitaiko (R3ec3 pewna //ieft /iš c3e® fig cžtek 3 mto-//du népije /to y na poto-// mne c3dfy 3achowa) 5,, The answering words aiSkinamose sentences with the verb że are used rarely. Although they usually depend on the original, there are also sentences in which the answer used does not have an equivalent in the original. These are sentences with the basic verbs daryti (see the example cited), išmanyti: M. Kaipag ifymanai ///Gime iš Marios mer-//gės? //Mo. Teip' iog nė wéikahu // žmogaus /bėt wčikalu Dwa-//[ios (gwęetos pagimde ii mer-//ga pafilikdama (M. A iakož Jig to Jtalo? //V. Nie [prawg cżtowiecżą /dle //fprawę Ducha szwietego: po-//nieważ ona Panna 30ftata) 33,, The answering word is necessary in several explanatory sentences with a preposition of the secondary sentence (a), as well as in sentences with the main verbs denoting the determination of the causal relationship between two propositions, for example, prirašinėti ‘attribute’ (b), cf. : a) That there are those ///who frequently express their love for death /not any-//mé fumifsimė /and pėr-//traukime fietos fawos //sometimes rądaš [...] There //can be two reasons (JZ niemato 3 tych //co fię cżęfto [powid-//daią w nieidkim 3amiefga-//- niu y roftargnieniu fum-//nienia Įwego podežas [ig /nayduią [...] temu moje dwie pr3y-//ežynie naleszcz.) 111,-112, 26 | ARTISTRY- 'S MOVEMENT b) tai tai malonei [...] priraf§in- €iu /iog ma-//nė tikéiimop tawop fswetop //pawadint [...] teikéis (twoiey to tafce [...] pr3ypifuig /jes //mig do widry twey Swigtey po-//wold¢ [...] racžyt) 185,186, In the sentences under consideration, as well as in sentences with the conjunction idant, the nouns of abstract meaning grace, slapté ‘secret', goodness, e.g. : Bat i f5i-//tą nė ma3e[nj tawą gera-//darimą i3pa3iftu /iog manę //nig priektimų daugiaro-- //py [...] i3wer3ei /ir išgėlbė-//i- ¢i (But you do not meifse twoe dobrod3iey-/ Jtwo wy3nawam /jes mig od //pr3ygod rozmaitych [...] wyrwal y wybawit) 186, As can be seen from the examples given, explanatory sentences with that are primarily characteristic of verbs denoting speech or mental activity (verba dicendi et sentiendi) and emotional verbs. The latter type of explanatory sentences is close to circumstantial reasoning sentences: the propositional argument can be perceived not only as the object of wonder (complaint, etc.), but also as the circumstance expressing wonder (complaint, etc.). In addition to the above mentioned, there are other types of direct-to- -audio formats available. This relates to their factual status'®: it is assumed that the content of the explanatory sentence corresponds to reality. 3. SENTENCES WITH if(g(u)) All 39 secondary sentences with this conjunction in Daukša’s works are directly syntactically related to the conjunct of the main sentence. Some of them, the explanatory, occupy the position of the valent conjunction of the verb or adjective in the predicate, others, the circumstantial, — the position of the free member. Most compound sentences with the conjunction if(g(u)) are circumstantial. Their consonant usually indicates a condition’ (a); sometimes, especially with a negative main conjunction, —concession (b), e.g. : a) Jėi tau tėwas ta-//was liepty kokią nétié-//fa bitėt /ar ką [ubrift //or //ką blogo padarit /turié-//- gu tu io tamė ktaufit? (If thy father had told thee a lie or committed a sin, thou shouldest have obeyed him.) 81,,-82, b) I have seen thy Father, and I have given thee a commandment, which thou must obey. (Tobie Oycže natafkawfsy oka-//3uię gr3echy moie /ktore gdy-// bych chéial 3ataič pried tobą ///nie mogę.) 134 16-19 ' For the term, see Matthews (1997: 125). “ In the sentences of Catechism and Trump’s way of conditioning, the special conjunction kačeib(a) is still used. EXPLAINATIVE SECTIONS OF MANY CATECHISM | 27 Conditional Sudétic sentences are not characterized by answering words. It is the prefix of the greeting phrase. In the concession sentence, the secondary accent also goes before the main pronoun. There are 11 examples of explanatory sentences with the conjunction if(g(u)) in the Catechism and the Short Bud. They are joined by emotional verbs (complain), verbs of mental activity (to use ‘rozbierac’), verb signifying causal connection (sufficient or insufficient condition), verb signifying limitations of the validity of the statement to remove “iSklasifikować’, e.g.: pakdka to ///iażeli ma chęć /ir walg /pri-//imt its i iażeli to robi /kas //pridera robić (dofyč na tym /że ma //chęć y wolę przyiącz ie /gdy to //cżyni /co ieft winien cżynič.) 42. . [ispildiffimé dma] nė aprei[k]fdami nide-//miy ne3inomų (tiéktai ige-//mus /iai butū drin’ i3waifti-/- mo iy /tam kurėmi pridera (nie ob-//mawidigc /nie odkrywdigc // griechow potdiemnych (chy-//baby //dla veženia ich /temu ko-//mu pr3yftoi) 86,87, Explanatory secondary sentences with if(g(u)) are also required by the predicative compound duotis kaltam, meaning “to confess (guilty)”: [gali dutis kaltas] i¢i nu-//pute Ju [sirdimi ([može [ig dač winien] iefli v-//padat 3 vmyjftem) 121,-122 In all the cited examples, the secondary sentence has the syntactic function of a complement. The answering word (as in the original) is used in the subordinate sentences that follow the verb dostati. The fact that in all these cases the secondary sentence is an explanatory, not circumstantial conditional sentence, shows that in the same sentences of complex construction the conjunction that is used for the interjection with if(g(u)). The choice of the conjunction in the Lithuanian translation depends on the original in all cases, e.g.: [Te [kandies graud3éi] Jog nė būwo kgntrus //priėpūlūfsė /arba iéi wel nė //turéio kgntrumo prié[pau-- //dofsė /arba rūpęščiūjjJę ([Niechay [ig tej v[kar3a 3a-//tofnie] J5 nie byt Cierpliwy //w pr3y-//padkdch pr3eciwnych /dbo ie-//fli te nie miat čierpliwošči w // dotegtosciach) 124 125, [gali dutis kaltas] iog nė tu-//réio teip [tipro tikéiimo / //kaip dera: o iéi nė Jęrgeios //ty pagūndų /ir dimoiimy ([moje [ig dač winien] ij nie mial tak [td-//tec3ney widry /idko ftufsa: a ie-//fli [ig nie wy[tr3egat tych po-//kus y mysli) 121, -122 | The syntax function of the verb has a secondary sentence, which is required by the noun denoting the viding state of the person, however /bėda: Deia //man /iéig palkui teip tūtus //waiftus /nė būjiu Įwėikas iéi tac3ėu ir gnt kūno /ir ant //dūfgų ligą nūdemių kėšiū. (Miserable me /ieflije after so many medications I will not be 3drowy iefli pr3edfię y on the face y on the du-//fy sickness gr3echow cierpiecz //will.) 143,,,