Marijampolės apskrities drimonimų darybos ir kilmės polinkiai

Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LIV (2006), 49 -62 Drimonimy darbų kilmės tendencijos Marijampolės ir apskrityje Lithuanian DALIA SVIDERSKIENE Language Institute The article presents analysis the an wood-names of the pre-war of Marijampole District in Lithuania with respect to their derivational properties and origin. The results obtained from this Southern Lithuanian area are then compared with similar data obtained from the &Full District in Northern Central Lithuania, and the areal differences with regard derivational patterns to are discussed. 0. [HANDBOOK Lithuanian toponymy research is mainly based on the studies of the class and subclasses of a particular scientific field. Minétina A. Vanago iSsami upévardziy ir eZery vardy darybiné, kilmés, semantikos analizé (Vanagas 1970: 428; 1981: 408; 1981a: 4-153), darybiSkai investigate Mountain names of Lithuania (Oronimai) (Vanagas 1973: 209-219), iSdetailiai i8analizuoti gyvenamuyjy vietos vardy (oikonimy) keliy veiksmo būdy prieveiksmių veiksmo vediniai, — diiriniai sudėtiniai vietovardžiai ir (Razmukaite 1998; 2002: 121-130; 2003: 63-80), viedarybos no biido priesaginés — darybos baly pelkiy — vardai ir (acronyms) (Bilkis 1998; 1999: 51-95). Be of which, in various aspects, is patyrinéta Tel3iy district several toponimy klasiy (hydronimy, oikonimy, oronimy, drimonimy, agronimy, hodonimy) production, to determine the most productive types of local name production in the area (Mickiené 2001). Separate publication published in Tel3iy kra8to keliy taky ir vardy (hodonimy) darbos apZvalga (Mickiené specialesniy 2002: 94-97). IS toponimy klasiy tyrimy can be mentioned those, who study only the toponyms of part of the area — Narrow middle of Lithuania dirvy, lauky, pievu, ganykly, jvairiy Names of land areas (acronyms). Cia Known and existing spoken place names discussed in terms of construction, structure, semantics in order to identify the 49 DALia SVIDERSKIENE peculiarities of the structure of the agronimy class (Endzelyté 2004a: 80-89). Still discussto ed by himself Lietuvos arealo vandenvardziy daryba (Endzelyté 2004b: 63-77). Also analyzed are the characteristics of the construction of the adverbial asmenvardiniy misky vardy (drimonimy) in the Lithuanian misky vardyne (hereinafter LMV) (Mickiené 2004: 121-131). As already mentioned, the various aspects of the Telšiai district are discussed in the doctoral dissertation of I. Mickiené (Mickiené 2001: 91-109). The material for the work was collected by direct bidding during the linguistic expedition held in 1985-1989 and from the place-name database stored in the LKI Names Section, which, without any doubt, includes the data of the interwar Lithuanian questionnaire, on which the author of the article is based. The aim of this article is to expand and complete the analysis of another placename class on the area aspect. This is the first publication in which, after investigating the forest names of Marijampolė county in interwar Lithuania in terms of their origin and origin, establishing common tendencies, the results of the research are compared with the results of the research of the forests of another Lithuanian area — Telšiai district?. Since the tendencies of the woodland origin are not discussed in the works dedicated to Lithuanian toponymy*, the article will be limited only to the possibility of the woodland origin of the investigated area. In Marijampolė county there are 101 investigated placenames (about 1.3% of all registered in Lithuania)*. These are giriy, misky, jy daliy, Sily names. The term drimonimai, drimonimas (gr. 5pdu6¢ sgiria, miSkas‘ + d5vopa, vardas‘) is used in the article for this purpose only in a narrow sense. This is done traditionally, as for every more or less studied place name: About the surveys of the Lithuanian Land Names Database in more detail Zr. Swiderskiené (2005: 91). 2 The area of Narrow Central Lithuania was chosen for comparison not by chance, since until Siol spoken place name class nobody else studied either individual areas or Lithuania in general. ° A, Brookas in LMV subsection (LMV, 4) provides only approximate, scientifically unsupported data about the origin of all Lithuanian miSky names; Drimonimy origins of Tel8iy district are not discussed in I. Mickiené- ’s doctoral dissertation (Mickiené 2001). * According to data from 1994, in Lithuania there were 7902 misky names (LMV, 267). 50 Marijampole County Drimonimai to name the class (Zr. at the beginning of the introductionir ): Lithuanian international terms are created. This is considered a termy system. Be the designation of the geographical place to which the term is attributed (plg. Bilkis 1997: 36-37). Slavy kalby toponimikos terminy sistemoje isitvirtines tarptautinis terminas drimonimai (Superintense 1973: 186), drimonime (Podol'skaja 1978: 56-57). In recent, jvairius linguistic terms presenting Ciuose In the Zodyn, the term drimonimas could not be found, although other terms describing toponymic class units are used, e.g.: hydronimas, hodonimas (Glossary of Terms 2002: 133), oronim (also, Dubois 143; 2001: 337). The first time published media, t. y. images, work aspects are studied, following the A. Structural-grammatical classifications selected for study of Vanago hydronymy (Vanagas 1970: 21-27) ir distinguii sh primary, secondary, latter j derivatives (In this case, only prepositions, because prepositions in the final ir vediya are not recorded), compound compounds. ir When evaluating the origin of the drimonimus po/iiriu, the i3 basic understanding of the Lithuanian origin of the place name is not — understood as the origin of the place name Saltinis, o ne as jo Genetically derived etymology of the root (plg. Vanagas 1980; Bilkis 1998). Based on benchmarks Words, which i§ are led by drimanomy, they are divided into adjectives j (i8 common) Zodziy), local names (i8 oikonyms, hydronyar ms etc. local name) ir personal names (i8 first name, surname, appellative personal names ir etc.)5. Determining drimonimy baselines Zodzius (total ZodZius, asmenvardzius, kitus vietovardzius), used These main In fractions: Lietuviy languages Zodyn volumes (t. 1-20, Vilnius, 1956-2002), Lietuviy familiy Zodyne (t. 1-2, Vilnius, 1985-1989), Lithuania TSR administrative-territorial division Zinnynu (Vilnius, d. 1974, 1; Vilnius, 1976, d. 2; continue —- ATSZ), A. Vanago Lietuviy hydronimy etymologiniu Zodyne (Vilnius, 1981; hereinafter — LHEZ), K. Kuzavinio ir B. Savukyno Lietuviy vardy kilmés Zodyne (Vilnius, 1997; hereinafter — LVK2Z). First du Broth (LKZ, LP2) to avoid frequent * South As well as ir other basic provisions, content presentation, evaluation ir criteria, etc. plugs Zr. Sviderskii (2005: 92-93). The same provisions are observed ir In this article investigating dreams. 51 DALIA SVIDERSKIENE references to them, including the basic words, are given in a list of abbreviations. In other languages, general and specific words (in this area mostly Slavic and Germanic) are also used to explain the origin of the name of Marijampole County. The most common you Sources —Zodynai, saraSai, abécéliné historical personal names database (hereinafter —IAK). All mentioned Sources are also included in the Saltiniy abbreviation and literature list. 1. 18 COMMON WORDS (APPELLATION LECSEMS) IN THE APPLICATION 1.1. Primary Made without additional means of production and structurally all coinciding with the basic general ZodZiu® they form the most abundant spoken onemy group: Alksnynas m8. Mru, Prw: lit. alksnynas,- alksniy miskas, alksnyté‘; Shoes m8. 1999. pp. 10. "Przewodnik". plk.pl.. opatki,karpazoliy Seimos augalas (Euforbia mirsinites)’ (SJP,, 34); It's me. Ss: lit. atzalynas, place where many atzaly grow; jaunas miskas’; Bergynas m8. Go1, 2m8. Kuve, Krsn, mS. Lev: lit. berZynas,- berZy miskas’; Screwdriver m8. Prn: lit. gafnializdis, ‘garnio lizdas’; Giraité 2 m8. Mry: lit. ‘giraité,mi3kelis’; Gaius M8. Ict, 2 m8. Kivr, mS. Lpvw: lit. gdjus, ‘small, beautiful mistletoe’; Blackness 2 m8. Kivr: lit. juoddji, cf. lit. juiodas, -a, ‘charcoal coloured, dark’; Grab the m8. KzR: lit. kapi,vieta, kur laidojami zmonés‘; Mélkasis mS. KzR: lit. mélkasis,‘- molduobé’; Pagirys m8. Lev: lit. pagirys, ‘hilly coast’; "Pastaunifikas (t. Pastaunykas) m8". Pru: lit. post-uniform, ‘enclosed area for grazing’; Passéda m§. KzR: lit. passéda, ‘a brightened forest’; Gas m8. Go1: lit. plyné, ‘gasy place, plain’; Half of m8. Krsn: lit. ‘half bowl’; Pusiné m8. Lav: ® It should be noted that in this group are discussed phrases, the basis of which is supposed to be prepositional, prepositional adjectives or structurally enriched words, such as: samanynas, azplynis, gaFnializdis, etc. Such a concept lémé semantic moment of evaluation of tiriamy onimy. Furthermore, attention was drawn to the fact that prepositions performing a deminutive function (see 1.2.) tend to join to a prepositional appellative, e.g. : Alderwood: alderwood; Spruce: spruce; Kvajyn- -tkas: kvajynas and others. 52 Marianne's dreams come true. pusinis, -é ‘belonging to two sides, held by two sides, used by two sides’; Raistas mi. Goi: Let it go. raistas ‘slippery place, overgrown with ar fallen trees, swamp, lean’; The M8. Krsw: liet. samanyne ‘samany priauguvsi ieta’; My colleague. K.v.: lit. samanius ‘which sounds the same’; The M8. Kivr: liet. harvesting ‘the place where the forest has been cut’; The M8. Lawn: lit. skirpstyn ‘skirpsty midkas’; Silynas m8. Kuve: liet. Silynas ’spigliuociy mi8kas, Yalsynas’; Telematics m$. First: lit. *teletonic, e.g. let. telétninkas, telétininkas sverSiuky aptvaras’; It's hard for me. Ss: let. trecas Slaitas’; Triangle m§. KzR: Lieutenant. triangle ‘which su has three corners, having the shape of a triangle’; It's my son. Krsn: lit. uosynas ‘uosiy miskas’; The M8. KzR: Lieutenant. uplifting ’place uz flat, marshy’; I'm going. KzR: Lieutenant. d&fenas,jtvirtinimas, stiprinta vieta’; Countryside m&. PRN: *vidotkas, cf. left. expenditure ‘i8laidos’ (WSPR 1179), noise. es1damxi 'iSdava, iSmoka' (SBM 146); I'm a fool. Here, Mrs, Vv: *zagainikas, plg. left. Gajnik ‘giraité, mikselis’ (WSPR 1239); Zdlgiris m3. Vv: Lied. Green forest (ppr. spikgliuotiy- ); eglynas su lapuotis’. This group is supplemented by pluralia tantum genders: Apatkos m8. K2R: *apatka, plg. left. shoe ,karpaZoliy Plant of Seimas (Euforbia mirsinites)’ (SJP,,, 34); Burns m8. Got: let. burning ,burnt area (pieva, pelké, mikas), degesé'; Driskos m8. First: lit. druskd ’sulphurous mineral compound’; Dzelkos me. Short: *dzelka, plg. left. Child ,plot, area, piece; laukas’ (WSPR 174-175), noise. d3anka ,ruéelis; plot for (pa)sėjimui, mevai, mi8kui‘ (JaSkin 1971: 59; SBM 213)’; Griévos m§. KzR: Lieutenant. griova ‘i8griuves raiste mežs, i8varta’; My mountains. Prn: lit. kdlnas ,aukStas Zemés pakilimas’; Kamsos ms. K2R: Lied. kamsa ‘kamSalas’; Karklynai mS. Low: light. Carcinus carcinus ,the place where the warClay is growing; much charcoal; Kryzkelés mi. Leo: Lie. Kryzkelé ‘the place where roads intersect’; Podzelai m. Bre: *podzelas, plg. left. podziat ,division, division; the classification; division, divisions, divisions; ‘allokavimas, i8skirstymas’ (WSPR 715), but plg. left. Divide ,divide, i÷, distribute‘ (idem); Silainés m8. Kivr: liet. "Silainé ssamitinga, lengva žemė, Silazemis". ” Neifleistina i8 akiy substrate Word binding su lenk. Children ‘garden, daréo plots’ (WSPR 174-175) option. 53 Datta Swedish Skies 1.2. Vedic. Priesagy vedic They are used to form several diminutive (-ait-, -el-, -uk-), -él-, possessive (-in-), company and place name (-yn-) functioning Lithuanian (BaltiSkos) suffixes: -ait-: Gas-aite me. Ss: let. plhyné, plynia, ‘flowing place, plain’; -el-: Goj-sharp m8. Krsw: liet. gdjus mažas, grazus miSkelis’; Kaln-éliai mi. K2R: Lied. kdlnas,aukStas Zemés rise’; Sil-élis m8. Go: Lied. Silas ,deep-growing oak, straight coniferous (ppr. Yalmy) miskas’; -éL-: I'm alive. Ss: let. alksnynas, ‘alksniy miskas, alksnyté’; Eglynélis m8. Vv: Lied. Sphynx ‘egliy miSkas’; -in-: Kakariek-other m§. Krsw: liet. Kakariékas ‘cock’; Kamp-iné m8. Mrs: let. angle - Bloody, Salis. ‘pusé’; -in-: Mesk-yné m8. Vv: Lied. meska ‘bears’; -uk-: "Alksnyn-tkas m8". Mrz: liet. alksnynas,alksniy miSkas, alksnyté’; Kvajyn-tkas mi. Low: light. quayna ‘puSynas’; "M8". m8.com. Part 1 Kivr: liet. lignumd 'a place be like a mountain'. As shown in the i§ examples given, the most Lithuanian (Baltic) adverbs with deminutive function in this group (~77%). 1.3. Compounds All uZrasyty by the same word, formed by two basic words, is the second parts are mostly geographical nomenclatural terms bald, kdinas, raistas and other general nouns, such as liet. girid ,didysis mi8kas‘, lit. kiémas ,plotas Land between one farm building, atSlaimas; aikStelé prie gyvenamo namo‘ lit. ir kdja ,an organ by which a man ar some other creature goes’’. In the first sandq they are divided into nouns: Alksn-a-giré j (1) m3. KzR: Lieutenant. ‘alksna,alksniy zarasta vieta, alksnynas’; Throw the G-string M8. Ic: lit. meska ‘bears’; The M8. Ss: let. Silas , deep growing tall, straight coniferousy (ppr. pu’y) mi8kas’; Willk-@-balé m8. Mrs: let. wolf ,panagus j Sunj plésrus bowl Zvéris (Canis lupus)’; "Zémé-ia-kalnis m3". Lev is most — likely related to su Lenk. zamczyk,- spyna, uzraktas’ (SJP,,,,, 168-169); (2) aliases: The M8. Mrj: lit. satisas,,be -@ drégmés, water, be nesu%lapes, i&dzitives‘; Narrow-a-mountain mS. KzR: Lieutenant. ‘šailas, gala -d ,j smarkiai sulaibéjes’; (3) 54 Drimonimai Marijampoles apskritis actionazodinj — Grist-a-bale m8. Part 1 Ss: let. &Sristi, grifidzia, griridé , to lay the floor of the ass, bridge, road; grindyti, grinduoti’. 1.4. The Sudetens in Marijampolés jy county have two noble — qualificationir s. 1.4.1. The nobleman wrote only one: Degésigi plynia m8. Prn. It consists of iS twoejy démeny, kuriy the first is the common ZodZio let. * delicious, e.g. let. degésis, ‘burn residue, burnt tree, burnt wood’, adjective, denoting a local characteristic; the second — deémus common place name lit. flat, flat place, flatness; pelké, raistas’. 1.4.2. Qualifying (both The words are the noun verb): Igdsis lauzélis mS. KzR: Lieutenant. long, cf. let. long,,wh- - at happens j longguma, tolj (erdvéje- )' song. ir lauélis, plg. let. Iduzas,kriiva virby, Zaby, Saky, medgaliy’; Short lasso m8. KzR: Lieutenant. short, cf. let. trimpas,,- -d which is a short distance, distance, proximity‘ ir lit. lauzélis, plg. let. Iduzas,kriva virby, zaby, Saky, medgaliy’. As we can see in the i uZra’yty example, the verb-type drimanovy can form oppositional pairs, because the first démens ju are oppositional (i8 ivardziuotiniy biidvardziy ilgdsis, trumpasis). The first dému of another uZraiyto qualification drimoning biidvar- — Nomenclature, second appellative — name of the geographical feature: I'm afraid of the red. Low: light. radas,,d- -a ark yellow' ir lit. ball. 2. IS KITU PRONOUN KILE DRIMONIMAI Ju uZragyta only a few, all compound nouns, — composed of placename kilmininky, i8 showing local dependence of the object, proximity to another topographical term mikas generic ir ar Zodiio liet. girdité ’mikelis’. This is: "M8 Forest". Pav: Alksn-ia-kiemis k. ASun (ATSZ,, 8); Priisohirki dité mS. KzR: Priosokat k. KzR (ATSZ,, 249); Riidupio miskas m8. Pan: Hanger up. Pr (LHEZ 282). 55 Datia SWIDERSKIENE 3. IS ASMENVARDZIU IR APPEAL ASMENU NAME KILE DRIMONIMAI 3.1. Primary Jy reference Zodis is a proper noun, unchanged personal t. y. name adjective of ar a person: Befidorius mi. Ss: pvd. Beridorius ar liet. beridorius ‘kulius’; Igliskis m8. Su: pvd. Igliskis. Pluralia tantum lyéiy neuzrasyta. 3.2. Vedic There are a number of subspecies. Only the possessive suffix lietuvi8ka (balti8ka) is used to form them -isk-: Karal-iské mi. Here: pvd. Karéalius ar liet. kar@lius, title of ruler, monarch in some countries‘; Kukor-iskie §. Bre: pvd. Kikoris ar left. chicory, -é ‘viréjas’; Simanduc-iskés mé. Low: Avd. *Simanaudius ar et al., pg. pvd. Simanduskas, Simandvicius; "M8". (?) Kuve: avd. *Secessionar ist etc., cf. left. pvd. Szczesé (SNP, 246). 3.3. Compounds (diary) In this form, the first members are asmenvardziy apeliatyviniy i8 asmeny ar pavadinimy, the second members are generaliniy — iS Zodiiy lit. Derbas ,what is forged, made, done‘, lit. daf¥as,zemés plotas prie sodybos darzovéms, liet. "Girias Jdidelis Mikas', lit. Slaitas sneolaidi vietové, apaugsi mediiais, kriimais‘ and the topographical term meadow: John 3-work gr. Ss: avd. *JoniSas ar et al., plg. left. pvd. Jonisz (SNP, 381) ir let. derbas; Mil-ia-gardis m3. Ss: pvd. Milius ar pan. ir let. daF¥as; Mozir-giré gr. Lawn: pvd. Moztiras ar liet. Moziiras, -é smoziiry grupés Zmogus' ir liet. girid; Nié-giré gr. Ss: pvd. Nice is liet. girid; Rié-laitis (< *Ri¢-Slaitis) m8. Prn: pvd. Ridius let. ir Slaitas; Rurik-a-giris m$. KyR: pvd. Runkys, Runkus ir liet. giria; Zd-pivoté m8. First: lit. Z¥das, -é Jews Zmogus'' ir let. pieva. 56 Earthquakes in Marijampolė County 3.4. Compounds All noble names with — possessive meaning, whose first dému ,yra ju Places of Interest owner's surname <...> origin" (Savukynas antrasis 1963: 238), démuo bendrinis — Zodis let. girdité omi8kelis’, lit. Sodélis, plg. let. sddas,Area of land where fruit worms are grown; the fruit trees ir and shrubs growing in the area Brindzy girdité gr. ir Mrs: avd. Briindza; Rapidly girdité mS. Ss: pvd. Ruskys; Spinderio Soldered m8. Ss: avd. *Spinderis, pg. pvd. Spinderaitis. 4. POSSIBLE DOUBLE KILMES DRIMONIMAI 4.0. In some cases it was not possible to determine the personal ar name generic Zodis is tiriamy drimonimy origins of the source. 4.1. 1987: "Berzin-iské m8". KzR: pvd. Berzinis ar pan. or lit. berziné,- berZo ryk&te’, plg. let. berzinis, -é i$ berzo padarytas (pagamintas)’; "M8". Pan: pvd. Medélis or lit. medélis »small, young tree; miskelis’. 4.2. Aggregate (dissertation): Bi¢-ia-sodis mS. Vv: pvd. Bité, Bitis liet. ar 'Bidius sbitininkas' or lit. bites, bite honey neSantis insect (Apis mellifica)’; second ordinal jo i8 It's raining. sédas, the area of the Earth where fruit trees and fruiting ir plants grow; the fruit trees and shrubs growing in that area ir themselves’. 5. NON-EXPLAINED KILMES DRIMONIMAI There is only one mi3k name Kaldob-iné mi. Lav, whose lexical language could not be linked to lietuviy, slavy su vokietiy languages ar in general and specific terms I said. It can only be assumed that it may be a transsexual i§ *Limestone-other, mesh su of lith. *calkdubé, plg. let. kalki@duobé,kalkiu duobé’. Below is a summary table of the research, which shows what origin i§ mi8ky names prevail in Marijampole county which form is the most common. The data is presented in percentage numbers. ir ir