Kalbinio punkto gyvavimo situacija: XX a. vidurys – XXI a. pradžia

215 articles by articles janina ŠVaMbarytė-VaLuŽienė Institute of Lithuanian Language Research areas: analysis of written sources, lexicography and lexicology of written sources, sociolinguistics. The situation of the Living Point of Kalbinio: mid-20th century […] The Vitality of Language Points: Middle of the 20th […] beginning of the 21st century annotation The language point, distinguished from the speakers as a unit of unit of residence, social networks structurally linked to other language points, from the middle of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century experienced major political, economic, social and cultural upheavals. The review of linguistic points in 2011-2013 made it possible to reflect on and present for the first time the factors of the development of the linguistic point (destruction, destruction of points) that have been active for more than 70 years. annotation Language, defined by linguists as an integral unit of a populated locality structurally connected in a social network, experienced major political, economic, social and cultural changes from the mid-20th to the beginning of the 21st century. a review of language points in 20112013 provided an opportunity to reflect on factors of the development of points (decline or destruction of points) over the period of more than 70 years. These words are: factors of the decline and revival of the linguistic point, historical catastrophes, socioeconomics, urbanization, linguistics, atlas of Lithuanian language, Lithuanian language languages. keyWords: factors influencing the decline and the revival of language points, historical cataclysms, socioeconomics, urbanisation, linguacide, atlas of the Lithuanian Language, dialects of the Lithuanian Language. 216 acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXI The pioneer of research using the methods of janina ŠVaMbarytė-VaLuŽienė geolinguistics, Antanas Salys (1902-1972), gives the numbering of language points in Lithuania, indicating them as a unity of settlements and the social networks that unite them1. First of all, it should be mentioned that the halls were marked with the same number at the center of the focal point and at the periphery of the existing villages (vienkiemius) with a radius of 1520 km. The language center always had a school (a separate building or farmer's hut adapted for learning), a church (operating various organizations and funeral celebration customs), a cemetery, a police station, a post office, a store (shops), a restaurant2. Thus, the language point (the language point criterion for which Clause 1 was prepared in the hall) did not exist and this work was later continued by the organizers of the Lithuanian Language Atlas (Lka). The to visuomenei ugdyti ir perimti prigimtinius bendruomenės įpročius, tarminę nuostatą būta visų sąlygų. todėl nuo pirmųjų žodžių geografijos darbų 1939–1943 m. purpose of this article is to give the scientific community for the first time the facts of the destruction of the linguistic point (su) and the possible revival of some points (priesthood). subject […] the author of the article visited and investigated (or participated in the investigation) during 2011[…]2013 37 Lka linguistic points4. they are located in 6 districts: Akmēnes, Juniškio, Kemės, Radvliškio, Šiauli and Telši5. the Lka points in question belong to different Lithuanian language dialects and sub-dialects of the Low and High Lithuanian languages6. In the evening, there are also the following: red (Lk 075), dim (Lk 104), bright (Lk 105), lightning (Lk 133), thunder (Lk 16 072), hail (Lk 196), hail (Lk 22 06), hail (Lk 26 01), hail (Lk 26 045), hail (Lk 26 050), hail (Lk 26 035), hail (Lk 26 023), hail (Lk 26 035), hail (Lk 26 035). For more information on the interdependence of today's social networks and language points, see Christmas 2013; Christmas 2014: 24. 2 about the network of settlements (points) in Lithuania more widely see. This Decision shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication. See also paragraph 3. Lka 1977: 730. What are you doing? 4 The Department of Language History and Dialectology of the Institute of Lithuanian Language together with Lithuanian universities (Vilnius, Klaipėda, Šiauliai, Lithuanian Universities of Education, Vilnius University Faculty of Humanities Kaunas) carried out the project "School geolinguistic research in Lithuania: optimization of the network of points and interactive transmission of information" (Project code no. VP1-3.1-MM-07--01-028). One of the participants in this project was the author of the article. For more information about the project, see: aliūkaitė 2011: 257259; collective monograph of the beginning of the 21st century Lithuanian language: geolinguistic study (land maps and their comments), 2014. For more information about similar studies of Latvian speakers, see: trumpa 2012. 5 author thanks Lki kids to the youngest researcher, doctoral student Laura Geržotaite, perhaps investigating the following linguistic points: klaišiai Lka 071, dimšiai Lka 104, Lūpaičiai Lka 106. 6 For more information on the distinctive features of the terms, see Ltd. in the year 2004. kalbinio punkto gyvavimo situacija: XX a. vidurys – XXi a. pradžia The area of 217 articles of this type of panels includes kačemos (Lka 198), Šeduvà (Lka 199), kriuka (Lka 024). The southern lowland races are classified as gùdmoniškė (Lka 162), Šáukėnai (Lka 164), kùrtuvėnai (Lka 195), Váiguva (Lka 224), kušlekiai (Lka 225), kiaunoria (Lka 22), kemė (Lka 257), krãžiai (Lka 257), kubliai (Lka 259). The southern lowland Varnicians belong to Pakštelia (Lka 101), the Kursai (Lka 102), the Dzūk (i) ai (Lka 132), the Žventis (Lka 193), and the Labūnavlė (Lka 223). The northern lowlands are divided into three districts: Trimšėdis (068), Plural (Lka 069), Mčkiškė (070), Klaišija (Lka 071), Trýškiai (Lka 099). the summary of the data from the field expeditions is based on the information from the respondents (www.rt) and the interdisciplinary method of comparing facts, using the thoughts of the author of the theory of language death, david crystalo. kaLbinio Punkto (iŠ)naikiniMo, Only 7 localisations of the previously listed Lka linguistic points in (su)nykiMo Veiksniai were suggested in contemporary geolinguistic studies from 2011 to 2013 to mark not the former, but the nearest settlement. 17 of the western highland grassland is proposed to be designated not L[…]paičių (Lka 106), but dapk[…]nų; ne legeči (Lka 262), o Mináičių (an attempt was made to restore the name of the village in the common language Mėnáičiai, but the local community did not want such a change and showed me several old documents containing the name Minaičiai, collecting the signatures of the local residents asking to leave the name of the village); not the kyburi (Lka 050), not the jurdáičių, not the norinų (Lka 051), not the béržininkų. 3 of the southern lowland racing areas are proposed to be marked not with the crossing mark (Lk 225) but with the crossing mark. 9 from the southern lowlands of the Varniškiai […] marked not by the džiuk(i)ų (Lk 132) clause, but by the kuži[…]. 3 of the area of the northern lowlands is marked by not many graves (Lka 069) but cemeteries. So a glowing, sharply glowing or almost glowing point is erased every fourth or fifth time. What were the reasons that in the middle of the 20th century, a vital point was marked, and at the beginning of the 21st century, it began to decline, to decline, to decline, to disappear, or to be eradicated? the material collected from the interpretation records and questionnaires, it appears that there are several possible points of convergence7. The first to be mentioned are external causes […] historical cataclysms. For example, the linguistic point džiuik(i)ai (Lka 132) was on the front lines during World War II. Residents were evicted from their homes for more than three months after returning from a burned-out farmhouse (Rt 4 (1924), Rt 7 (1937)). 7 how many lowland and highland border crossings there are of surviving linguistic points, the localization of which points has changed more widely see Meiliūnaitė, Švambarytė-Valužienė 2014: 197205. This is the first time in the history of the country that a woman has been elected president. The 8th district is located 10 km from Šiauliai, driving towards Kuršai. 218 of the janina ŠVaMbarytė-VaLuŽienė Lithuanian Linguistic Act LXXI Before World War II, there were 18 to 20 single-family villages. According to rt 4 (1924), rt 3 (1932), rt 7 (1937) in the fertile lands, the farming community took care of the construction of a brick high school, actively participated in various cultural and religious organizations, by personal example (reading a book, printing many books) taught children cultural provisions10. There were probably more than one such village on the front lines, for the encyclopedia of the Council of Lithuania (www.tLe) contains the sentence: "Vienkiemi was destroyed during the Great Patriotic War" (www.tLe. After the battles, the community of the returnees did not break up: they broke up the former barracks and rebuilt the houses (rt (1937)). Geopolitinis (arba netinkamo politinio klimato) veiksnys sietinas su Legečių (Lka 262) kalbiniu punktu (radviliškio r., apie 8 km. nuo Pašušvio). Legečiai buvę remote villages, surrounded on all sides by forest11. Before the war, Legečiai had a two-storey medical school, a post office, a police station, a large grocery store with a number of employees, a cemetery, a store12. During the post-war years, the Resistance […] was active in the Priskėlis district, whose partisan bunker hosted the rally of representatives of the Lithuanian partisan districts13. The Soviet Party workers escaped from the village of Legeči and built the settlement in an open place, i.e. as far away from the forests as possible, in Minaiči (rt 3 (1939) rt 4 (1936)). Members of the community were intimidated, threatened with persecution, many families were exiled, others had to move to safer places, and the manor was destroyed by land reclamation (Rt. 4 (1932), Rt. 5 (1977)). The division of the community […] an event experienced by all the language points, but most of all the plural (Lka 069), the Kushleiks (Lka 225), the Labunovelya (Lka 223)14. The inhabitants of these points were dispersed into individual villages, had schools, in plural 9 Primintina that the villages began to be divided into individual villages at the beginning of the 19th century. "Until 1944, about 300,000 villages were formed, i.e. about 80% of all villagers lived in villages" (tLe 4, 507). The number 10 and the cultural provisions are indicated by the children's names: kunigunda, skolestina. According to the Encyclopedia of Lithuania, the area of the territory (Leggečius) occupied by the forest of leaves is as much as 68 ha. (Le X 80) The following table is inserted: 12 data on villages are provided from: Project no. VP3.1-ŠMM-07-k-01-028 […] Contemporary geolinguistic research in Lithuania: optimization of the point network and interactive dissemination of intermediate information[…] document 2. The sociolinguistic questionnaire of the Lka point. The material is stored in the Lithuanian Language Institute Language History and Dialectology Department Language Archive (Lki kids ta). On February 16, 1949, the Lithuanian Freedom Fighters' Union issued a declaration in Minaičiai (1 km from Legečiai) stating that the Lithuanian Freedom Fighters' Union Council is the only legitimate authority in the occupied territory of Lithuania. 14 Multiple (Lka 069) in the village of Akmenė, about 15 km to Viekšnių; Kušleikiai (Lka 225) in the village of Kelmy, about 10 km from the village of Kelmy; Labuanovelya (Lk 223) in the village of Kelmy, about 12 km from the village. kalbinio punkto gyvavimo situacija: XX a. vidurys – XXi a. pradžia 219 articles are still in the church and the cemetery. the community's herd is two-fold: non-natural and natural. The unnatural began in the war years with the withdrawal to the West and the persecution. Thirty-five families were deported from these points. The beginning of collectivization encouraged the inhabitants of those communities, especially the youth, to flee their homes. For example, in Labunovelya, farmers had to take livestock from remote areas to raise them, and it took a lot of work, so several apartment buildings were built, and families were brought in from elsewhere to take care of the animals. due to the differences in life and culture between the two communities […] the resurrected or resurrected […], the foundations of morality, the way of life, the natural laws of the perception of work (labor) have emerged. The conflict between the locals and the arrivals began and continues to this day (rt 7 (1937), rt 8 (1935). People in the village began to sell or simply let the monks come alone, so there were almost no local inhabitants (rt. 737). Individual people were killed or injured in the unnatural actions of the community17. Internal reasons are distinguished by natural factors of community growth18. Members of the elderly community (single or childless families) lived in all the language points. The community was naturally taught to help each other, so there's a lot to be said for neighbourliness and mutual aid. The text of the Talmudic treatise on the family, the family, and the kinship of the community (Luke 13:24, 24; 7:37) is as follows: Lka 051 rt 4 (1923) and its derivatives Lka 050 rt 5 (1925) is the name of the company. The estates of some of the extinct families were inhabited by speakers of other languages, some of whom were displaced or displaced themselves because of old age. The authors pointed out that in all the linguistic points examined, i.e. in the communities of natural development, there was a lot of youth and children. In Lithuania, the political situation has changed and the demographic balance has deteriorated19. parents began to encourage their children to leave 15 […]the largest wave of emigration in Lithuanian history, […] writes the Lithuanian Encyclopedia, […] rose in 1944, when more than 60.000 Lithuanians fled to the West from the approaching second Soviet occupation[…] (See also Le XV 59.) 16 from Lithuania, it is written in the Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia (VLe), in 1941 40,000 intelligent and farmers were deported from Birželis (VLe Xii 111). In 1944-58, 260,000 were deported (according to other sources, 350,000 (VLe Xii 112). 17 people were shot dead by loyal Soviet authorities, explosives left behind by young men and children during the war years, 132 people were killed by groups of partisans in the name of partisans, etc. (Lka 106 rt 4, Lka 225 rt 4, Lka 069 rt 2, Lka 050 rt 5, Lka 4 rt 4, Lka 262 rt 4, Lka 051 rt 4). It should be recalled that in Lithuania in 1940 there were 3.084.5 thousand inhabitants. In 1941 there were already 2,958.6 thousand, and in 1945 there were only 2,500,000 (VLe Xii 109). Between 1939 and 1959, Lithuania lost 530,000 inhabitants (VLe Xii 112). The statistics provided by the VLe show that in 1940 there were 2,408.6 thousand inhabitants in the villages, in 1941 […] 2,274.4 thousand, in 1945 […] 2,125.0 thousand, and in 1950 […] 1,843.9 thousand (VLe Xii 112). Linguistica Lituaniana LXXI from home and look for work in cities. There was an unwritten order janina ŠVaMbarytė-VaLuŽienė not to release the young people from the collective, because there was no one left to work: if there was not at least one child in the house, they were threatened with not giving 65 acres of land, without which the family would not survive. There's been a decline in youth, a decline in fertility. Only the older generation remained in the villages. Other residents of the country (or other Soviet countries) were invited to the meeting. The socio-political and socio-economic factors of the division of the linguistic point are related to melioration21. the notion of 'straightening the fields', as the complainants said (Lka 132 rt 1 (1941); Lka 050 rt 5 (1925) and the increase in agricultural technology caused a wave of land reclamation, especially large in the period 1971-1975. First of all, to "clean" the fields, to demolish them one by one. Those who were stubborn and did not want to go to the settlements were threatened not to leave the private roads, to leave the estate so that it would not be possible to enter it in the autumn or spring (Lk 132 rt 424 (19), rt 7 (1937)). Residents were asked to board the boats or board the boats. All the inhabitants of the jjuik (i) settlements moved to the kujus, only one family settled in the settlement of the other cultural community (sentiki) in the gullies. Urbanization as a factor promoted the spread of the community in Soviet-type settlements and cities. The Kolkhoz centers were built in open areas, away from the forests, near better roads, so that the stribams and the kolkhoz authorities were safer (Lk. Lka 225 rt 2 (1936) and its subsidiaries This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. It doesnt matter if there was no village or if there were any three villages, mansions or railway stations. of the settlements, as stated by the VLe, there were: […]1967 m. […] 1830, 1969 […] 3610, 1971 […]1975 […] 20,880 […] inhabitants (VLe Xii 789)24. Cultural assimilation, or the destruction of schools, which had recently taken over Lithuania, was very popular in the Soviet era. The VLe writes about him: "From 1949 onwards, boarding schools, called dormitories, appeared, with the primary schools being merged with secondary schools. Education policy until 1940 was 20 […]1966[…]1980 […]Every year 24[…]25 thousand people left agriculture […]75 percent of them […]workers[…] (VLe Xii 789). 21 […]1939 m. of the land of Ariamos (was) 3,070 thousand ha (VLe Xii 787). 22 The statistics given in the VLe are as follows: […]1970[…]90 years annually about 10,000 ha of wetlands were drained, irrigation systems were installed on an area of 3,000 ha. 1 million ha were drained by 1970 to 1978 […] 2 million This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. 23 gilvytsy (about half a kilometer from the dzyuk(i)s) […] Russians, brought after the uprisings in Russia, village. The ship was burnt down after the war, 23 km from the džiuk(i)s. Only one bath remained, and before the war there was a primary school and a railway station (which still operates). 24 […] Between 1967 and 1971, 16,920 housing units were built for those who moved to the settlements from single-family homes[…] (See also Le Xii 789). kalbinio punkto gyvavimo situacija: XX a. vidurys – XXi a. pradžia Article 221 states that there must be a school in every place, no matter how remote. Since the second half of the 20th century, there has been a decline in the number of primary schools: in 1970 […] 1971 there were 2297 primary schools with 64,500 pupils, and in 1980 […] 1981 there were only 986 and 18,100 pupils (VLe Xii 573). Between 1970 and 1971, there were 3611 secondary schools for minors, secondary schools for children with physical and mental disabilities, with 539,600 pupils and 29,300 teachers. Between 1980 and 1981, there were 2257 such schools, with 535,500 pupils and 30,300 teachers (VLe Xii 573-574)26. There are no schools, no assimilation of ethnic culture, no community education, no pride in oneself and one's country27. It's best to raise people who are supportive of you by separating them from the community. The closure of schools also encouraged parents to move to the settlements. The school's activities and locality have been strengthened in all the localized points: džiuk(i)s (Lka 132), dapkūnu (Lka 106), kušleiki (Lka 225), Legeči (Lka 26 in plural (Lka 069), kyburi (Lka 050). another internal factor in the destruction of the lingual point […] linguicides28. In the post-war years, the language was spoken more often and more widely than the common language. Lithuanian teachers tried to teach pupils the common language, sometimes using not entirely pedagogical methods29. There was a widespread provision that language was not a valid language, and that language was spoken by an uncultured and uneducated person. some parents supported the preference of the common language. Children have not learned to appreciate and respect their parents' language […] spoken, advised or spoken. And what is not valued is destroyed. a provision has been drawn up stating that the Lithuanian language is also not a value30. In the words of Antano Salio, the language has faded, faded, we have become ugly, difficult, uneducated. Lingvistic, as a contempt for one's own language, still exists today.31 In the 1950s, there were 2743 primary schools with 341,299 pupils and 6,944 teachers. From 1945 to 1949 there were 3241 primary schools, 242 secondary schools, 131 secondary schools, a total of […] 3614 schools (VLe Xii 571[…]572). From 1964 to 1965 it operated 4105 schools. 1945 […] 1948 1200 teachers were expelled (VLe Xii 571). 26 Compare the current situation: in 2007 there were 105 primary schools with 24,590 pupils and 526,665 pupils (VLe 582 pagrindinės mokyklos su 120.445 mokinių, 444 vidurinės mokyklos, kuriose mokėsi 302.300 mokinių, 132 gimnazijos su 77.230 mokinių, 21 jaunimo su 2100 mokinių (iš viso 1284 mokyklų, Xii 574). 27 To paraphrase Stalin's thought, it could be said that by destroying at least one generation's patriotism and pride in their country, a nation will be murdered that is still relevant today. It is expected that the time will come to describe and scientifically investigate the influence of everyday life, life without one's family on young people. 28 For more information on this phenomenon in the world's languages, see crystal 2005. 29 They were to speak in tongues at recess, and to leave after the lessons. The disciples who spoke in tongues were to be disciplined. 30 that provision was constantly supported by the occupier, so that the acquisition of bilingualism was almost a natural thing. 31 And in our day, it is believed that foreign languages guarantee a more satisfying loaf of bread. The efforts of linguists, educators and cultural workers are needed to correct and reform such provisions in order to develop the national self-esteem of young people. This Regulation janina ŠVaMbarytė-VaLuŽienė shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. The natural link between speakers and the community has been severed from other linguistic factors32. Many of the speakers moved to the West during the war, and it took a long time to prepare the new generation of speakers. According to the dialectologist Dr. Aldonos Jonaityte, the research work on endless fears was extremely difficult. At that time, the speakers, the representatives of those dialects, were encouraged to write only their own dialect and to collect as much material as possible. The apparent non-interference in the spoken word, the spoken language, as a safeguard of values, also left the ground for linguistic nihilism to flourish. Protected occupation authorities provisions […] Lithuanian language, which is old, but difficult to learn, unwilling to write production letters […] also promoted the denial of their own language, the promotion of other languages that provide material benefits. In addition to other actions, the phenomena of today's independent Lithuania are different and difficult to explain: kyburiai (Lka 050), a former large village, a former strong collective center, a suburb of the collective system, began to grow rapidly, completely disappeared (this could not be explained and explained, they themselves wondered how everything disappeared, as if it had disappeared) (rt 1 (1927), rt 2 (1953), rt 3 (1936), rt 5 (1925)). It is very appropriate to describe this chapter in the articles of the exiled political scientist Vytautas Vardžio (real name Vytautas Stasys Žvirgždys) on "Soviet colonialism in the Baltic states". a note on the nature of modern colonialism (1965) and the colonial nature of soviet nationality policy (1964) expressed the idea that the "engineers" of traditional and Soviet colonialism as a prerequisite contribute to the industrial, economic, educational, linguistic trappings that create the impression of supposedly modern civilization, although, on the other hand, they do not focus at all on the wishes and will of the ruling peoples. As Vardys argues, Soviet colonialism creates a system that would help to dissolve the Soviet "cauldron of vą norą atsisakyti savo tapatybės. kaip teigia V. Vardys, „nenuostabu, kad šitokių nations". But to dissolve not in any way, but in such a way that violence is raised to the heights of freedom, believing that by means of violence it is possible to create a free-dimensional civilization is embedded in the very heart of humanity. The change in the localisation of the language points mentioned above does not mean that the language point has disappeared altogether and that no one lives there anymore. Members of the remaining local and dialectal communities, when they arrive in those places, try to revive the dialectal points themselves. The main factor in the revival of the language point is the socially active 32 Before the war, the speakers themselves traveled around Lithuania and collected material from the workshops in order to be able to research them, encouraged teachers to do so, participated in summer courses for teachers and introduced the public to their own research and results, read public lectures. kalbinio punkto gyvavimo situacija: XX a. vidurys – XXi a. pradžia 223 articles by the community. former villagers have returned with property rights and have not demolished or demolished their parents' houses33. Community activity is increasingly linked to rapidly emerging communities, their active chairmen and community houses. the active community is linked to economic provisions. Farmers of the older generation pass on their farms to their children or grandchildren. such returns of children have been observed in all points whose localisation has been changed: Legečiai (Lka 262), džiuik(i)ai (Lka 132), Lūpaičiai (Lka 106), kušleikiai (Lka 225), plural (Lka 069). The inherited property is not given up by the descendants of the local community living in the big cities. an act of self-determination of property that is found (returned or returned)34. This economic factor has returned some children to their parents' homes to live and work (to cultivate, develop rural tourism, etc.), while others, who have returned, are bound by property rights, emotional, cultural self-awareness in the sense of the place where the persons lived, brendo (Lka 069 rt 1 (1949); This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. Lka 050 rt 3 (1930) and rt 5 (1925) This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. and an important advocate of authenticity. Former villagers visit their hometowns: they take their children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren to show their birthplaces. Spread across Lithuania's cities and towns, more active members of the community organize village meetings (sometimes even in the open air or in some kind of gathering), teaching and encouraging members of the community of different ages to communicate, to recognize themselves according to the former local code. He visits the remaining old inhabitants of the village, listens to their stories, often makes recordings, takes photographs, and is otherwise interested in the history of his family, relatives, and Labai svarbu – kultūrinė tapatybė arba lingvolokalinis veiksnys. Pavyzdžiui., Lka 132 rt 7 (1937) ragino sūnų sugrįžti į senelių namus35. Marčios, kuri yra istorijos neighbors. In addition to the various forms of communication, there are various parish celebrations, the Feast of All Saints, Mother's and Father's Day, family gatherings, books about extinct villages, presentations, etc. (Lka 069 rt 2 (1935); This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. Lka 051 rt 3 (1936) is the name of the company. Teacher (rt 2 (1961)), thanks to which children are encouraged to collect material about extinct villages of the linguistic point, monolinguals, to write down people's memories, to cultivate their creativity (for example, a legend was created that džiuik(i)ai is derived from the word rejoice). Talking about their places, writing books about the extinct, young people building new homes, raising children, creating jobs for themselves and sometimes for others. part of the population who have moved from nearby places or from another part of Lithuania and settled there also engage in agricultural and cultural activities. 34 It is stated in the Act that the property was restored in […]2005 3.8 million ha of area (VLe Xii 790). 35 His son, who had an apartment, a job, a garden, sold all his possessions and returned to his ancestral land with his beautiful wife. He was a farmer. My wife started working as a history teacher in a cooking school.