M. Petkevičiaus katekizmo (1598) absoliutieji sinonimai kitų XVI–XVII a. lietuvių kalbos raštų fone

S aipsniai / A icles 235 ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as The di ec ion o scien i ic esea ch: he lexicon o ancien w i ings. The Ca echism o S . Pe e (1598) The Absolu e O he names XVIXVII A. Li huanian LANGUAGE The FONE Absolu e Synonyms in he Ca echism o Pe ke ičius in he Con ex o O he Li huanian W i ings o he 16 h–17 h Cen u ies ANOTATION This a icle discusses he absolu e synonyms (duble ai) o Me kel's Pe ke ičius Ca echism (PK), published in 1598, one o which is o o eign o igin and he o he is a Li huanian wo d o i s own. I is gene ally belie ed ha he language o his ca echism is a he poo , and he ansla ion […] is mainly dic iona y, so he aim o his a icle is o ind ou whe he he absolu e synonyms ixed by PK we e a common pa o he 16 h-17 h cen u y lexicon and wha could ha e led o he use o he a e duplica es ound only in PK. To his end, all pai s o sys ema ic synonyms a e selec ed om he ca echism o M. Pe ke ičius and absolu e synonyms a e selec ed om hem. The Li huanian PK ex is compa ed o he Polish ansla ion sou ce. The meanings o synonyms a e checked in he elec onic edi ion o he Li huanian dic iona y, bu a e p o ided p ima ily on he basis o he ca echism o M. Pe ke ičius. M. Pe ke ičius, synonym, Sla ism, hyb id, loanwo d, which is used in he English language. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. This a icle ocuses on he absolu e synonyms (double s) used in he Ca echism o S . Pe e and S . Paul, whe e one elemen is o o eign o igin, while he o he wo d is an indigenous one. The language o his Ca echism is hough o be a he poo , and i s ansla ion is ega ded mainly as a li e a y one. The e o e, an a emp is made o iden i y whe he he absolu e synonyms used in he Ca echism cons i u ed a ypical pa o he lexicon in ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ The Ac a Linguis ica Li uanica (LXXIX) o he 16 h-17 h cen u ies and wha could ha e de e mined he use o a e double s ound in he CP only. In pu sui o his goal, all he pai s o sys emic synonyms we e picked ou om he ex and absolu e synonyms we e singled ou om hem a e wa ds. The Li huanian language is also included in he elec onic dic iona y o an ex o CP was compa ed o he Polish sou ce o ansla ion. The meanings o he syno- he Li huanian language. i s p esen ed ollowing he Ca echism o Pe ke ičius. KEYWORDS: M. Pe ke ičius, synonym, Sla ism, hyb id, loanwo d. ĮVADAS Me kel's Pe ke ičius Ca echism (la e […] PK) is he second book published in Li huanian by he G and Duchy o Li huania. I appea ed a e he eka ekism jiems me ams po pi mosios knygos lie u ių kalba išspausdinimo, be jos kalba iki šiol mažai y inė a. Šis ka ekizmas y a ipiškas XVI–XVII a. e o ma ų kū- inys – jame pa eikiama maldų, giesmių, nu odoma bažny inių apeigų a liki- mo a ka, ap a iami ikėjimo pama ai (ž . Kuźmina 2002: 17–18). Daugiausia PK y a i as kaip li e a ū os objek as (Melle 1984; Pociū ė 2000; Pociū ė-Abu- ke ičienė 2005; Niedźwiedź 2008), o s aipsnių apie jo kalbą pa eng a nedaug (Zinke ičius 1970; Maskuliūnas 2009). Bend esnio pobūdžio pas abų apie šio lexicon was gi en in ch es oma ic publica ions (Palionis 1967; Zinke ičius 1988). The ca echism lexicon o M. Pe ke ičius is ho oughly esea ched by Jonas K uopas (1970). No only did he compile a dic iona y o wo ds used in his ca echism, bu he also p o ided commen s on he composi ion o he PK lexicon. The subjec o his a icle is he absolu e synonyms (also called duplica es) o he ca echism o M. Pe ke ičius, one o which is […] o o eign o igin, he o he […] is a Li huanian wo d. The p e ailing opinion is ha he language o M. Pe ke ičius is much wo se han he language o Mikalojaus Daukšos, and he ansla ion i sel is dic iona y, i is ich in me apho s, so he aim is o ind ou whe he he use o absolu e synonyms PK was used in o he 16 h- and 17 h cen u y Li huanian language w i ings and is a common phenomenon o he ime and wha could de e mine he a i y o he duplica es ound only PK. To his end, a pai o sys ema ic synonyms (61) is i s selec ed om he PK and absolu e synonyms a e dis inguished om hem, hen he Li huanian ex o he PK and he sou ce o he ansla ion in o Polish a e sa akilmis, o ki as – s e imos kilmės žodis, . y. į analizę neį aukiami okie a ejai kaip ko nas is PK 20910 i disciplina, pame a onė PK 288 i pakū a PK 859, compa ed. Only hose synonyms a e conside ed, one o which is because bo h membe s o he pai a e deb o s. In addi ion, he ma e ial is collec ed om o he 16 h- and 17 h-cen u y manusc ip s and published conco dance, i is supplemen ed by examples om Li huanian ocabula y. A icles by A icles 237 M. Pe ke ičiaus ka ekizmo (1598) absoliu ieji sinonimai ki ų XVI–XVII a. lie u ių kalbos aš ų one The de ini ion o synonyms, i would seem, is elemen a y […] hese a e wo ds o he same o close meaning (LKE 2008: 488). Howe e , he ques ion a ises as o how o unde s and in imacy. Synonymy has been called one o he mos con o e sial p oblems in mode n lexical seman ics, and simila i y is p oposed o be ea ed as some hing uns able and changing, because he e is no one way o jus i y how one hing o phenomenon is simila o ano he . "In he case o synonyms, he e is a con adic ion be ween simila i y and simila i y, al hough one quali y a ises om he o he ," Mu phy said, adding, "I is impo an o unde s and ha synonymy is a ela ionship be ween wo wo ds ha ha e he same meaning o concep , no a ela ionship be ween he meanings o wo wo ds." Al hough he e is a lo o w i ing abou Li huanian synonyms and hei species (Župe ka 1978, 2012; Jakai ienė 2010; Pikčilingis 1969, 1988; Miliūnai ė 2009; Vaskelienė 2000, 2004, 2013a, b; Vaskelienė, Kučinskienė 2012), he p oblem o synonyms is s ill ele an oday, as he e a e di e en opinions abou de ini ions and classi ica ion (Vaskelienė, Kučinskienė: 2012), 15 o synonyms (e.g., ka elis balandis) a e s ill gi en li le a en ion, al hough hey a e pa o he lexicon. Di e en ial synonyms a e also included in he lexical synonyms (e.g. ho se cooked) They a e much mo e common han absolu e synonyms in Li huanian, as well as in o he Indo-Eu opean languages. This phenomenon is easily explained by he ac ha i is impossible o se e al comple ely iden ical wo ds daik o a eiškinio pa adinimams nep asminga, o ano kai ku ių mokslinin- o exis in he same language sys em (Cha e 1971; Ha is 1973). As no ed by J. A. min į, jog mėginan apib ėž i sinonimus daugumoje da bų dėmesys su elkia- mas į seman inius ski umus, o ne į bend umus. Ki aip a ian , žodžiai, ku ių eikšmių spek as isiškai su ampa, y a adinami leksiniais duble ais, a ian ais, o sinonimais laikomi ik okie žodžiai, ku ie u i am ik ų eikšmės ski umų (Апресян 1974: 217). Vis dėl o L. Mu phy a k eipia dėmesį į ai, kad Johnas Lyons, wo ds ha ha e bo h meanings and p ope ies in common a e called absolu e synonyms. Absolu e synonyms (duble s) in Li huanian language, which ha e he same meaning bu di e en exp essi e uni s, a e conside ed pa o sys ema ic synonyms. Calling hem a ian s, based on o eign p ac ice, would be misleading, because in Li huanian dialec a ian s a e conside ed only a ian s o he same language uni (Župe ka 2012: 29), hey a e pa icula ly cha ac e is ic o he mo phological le el. Some schola s belie e ha he c i e ion o in e changeabili y, whe e one wo d can eplace ano he wi hou changing he meaning o he sen ence, is he mos impo an c i e ion o de e mining he ela ionship o synonyms. Bu i synonyms ha e meaning-sha ing componen s, i doesn' ma e a all ha he main componen s coincide, he e may be changes in he meaning o a sen ence. Le 's say, Palenk's head, because I don' see any hing and Palenk's ail, because I ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ 238 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX is he same. E ald Jakai ienė poin s ou ha he conjunc ion o synonyms is di e en , so hey may no always be in e changeable in a sen ence (Jakai ienė 2010: 122). I is unde s ood ha he essen ial cha ac e is ic o synonyms is a leas pa ial in e changeabili y, bu only duplica es can be used in such a way as no o unde go any change in he meaning o he saying. Howe e , hei exis ence, i.e. he exis ence o absolu e synonyms, can also be doub ed. Some schola s dis inguish be ween duplica es and synonyms (Ap esyan 1974: 217). The meanings o wo ds may o mally coincide comple ely, bu he meaning o a sen ence is no changed by eplacing one duplica e wi h ano he , bu o en only one duplica e is used in a ce ain con ex . Fo example, a pe son who d i es wi hou a icke is only called a zuiki and is ne e called a kiški; An ea ly ise is called an ea ly ise , no an ea ly ise . In his con ex , i is impo an o dis inguish be ween wo ds ha ha e simila meanings and a e used in he same con ex (called synonyms) and a ian s, i.e. wo ds ha e e o he same phenomenon, ea u e o objec , bu a e s ylis ically ma ked and ne e in e changeable. In o he wo ds, ha dly any wo wo ds can be iden ical seman ically, bu as lexical uni s hey can be iden ical, and isola ing he meanings o wo ds makes he p esence o duplica es undeniable, e en i some schola s do no classi y hem as synonyms. No s kalbose duble ai i in e i, eikia nepami š i ieno iš sinonimų šal inių – ki os kalbos. A žodžiai, ku ių ienas y a sa akilmis, o ki as – iš ki os kalbos don' see any hing hasn' come om a loan, seman ically comple ely duplica ing a Li huanian wo d, o be conside ed as duplica es? Yes, because hey all ha e he same meaning (Mu phy 2003: 146). This uni o mi y is especially no iceable when wo ds a e synonymous. In he old Li huanian language w i ings, he wo d kolinys and he wo d indigenis o he same meaning a e used o e e o a i s name, and i is no no iced ha he use o any o hem depends on he con ex . Wol gang Hock, while s udying he lexicon o Mikalojaus Daukšos pos ilės, sugges s ha duplica es (also called equi alen wo ds) a e no only cha ac e is ic o he Li huanian language, old w i ings o gene ally o e nacula ex s. He a gues ha such synonyms can be associa ed wi h he widesp ead use o so-called in e p e a ions, pa aph ases […] one o he essen ial Renaissance s yle igu es […], hey a e based on he pe cep ion and in e p e a ion o he ansla ed ex and should be unde s ood mo e b oadly (Hock 2012: 28 […] 29). Ne e heless, i is necessa y o dis inguish sen ence synonymy om lexical synonymy (Mu phy 2003: 144). In his wo k, duplica es a e conside ed pa o bo h he lexicon and he synonymy, because hey, like o he synonyms, a e cha ac e ized by a iabili y (Vaskelienė, 2013b: 208): duplica es can o m sequences, one o he membe s can disappea i i s meaning changes. 1 The e is no men ion o old- ashioned loanwo ds, which a e he only way o name a hing, a phenomenon, o a ea u e. A icles by A icles 239 M. Pe ke ičiaus ka ekizmo (1598) absoliu ieji sinonimai ki ų XVI–XVII a. lie u ių kalbos aš ų one Kyla and ano he ques ion: o which synonyms should be assigned he plu al wo ds, acco ding o some meanings synonymous o one wo d, and acco ding o o he meanings […] o ano he ? The s udy o polysemy also aises an essen ial ques ion, which is he meaning o he wo d. Al hough i is some imes sugges ed o use he p inciple o equency, i.e. o conside he mos equen ly used meaning (Glynn 2014: 14), all he cons i uen pa s o he meaning o he plu al o m a s uc u e, a e ela ed o each o he in a diach onic and synch onous way (Jakai ienė 1988: 19). The e m "synonymy" is gene ally used because synonyms usually encompass one o mo e meanings o wo ds, bu no all a once (Mu phy 2003: 143). The meanings o he wo ds used in he Ca echism a e gi en p ima ily in he ligh o he meanings o he wo ds in his Ca echism, apa om he plu ali y o meanings o he wo d. Fo example, he wo d " o speak", " o speak", " o speak", " o speak", as can be deduced om o he old sc ip s and he elec onic a ian o he Li huanian language dic iona y ( PK LKŽe), has he meaning o " o speak", bu his wo d is used only in he sense o " o speak", so synonyms we e sough based on i . In addi ion, he use o he wo d "duplica e" in he dic iona y o he Li huanian language is no limi ed o he use o he wo d "duplica e," bu also o he use o he wo d "duplica e" in he dic iona y o he Li huanian language, such as "duplica e," nuo kon eks o, i ai okius žodžius p ia ina p ie kon eks inių sinonimų. "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e," "duplica e." J. K uopas a gues ha compa ing he lexicon o he Ka ekism o M. Daukšos, a lo e and gua dian o he Li huanian language, wi h he lexicon o PK, a big s ep backwa ds is no iceable (K uopas 1998: 165). The PK language is no Polish in some places, and his would show ha i elies hea ily on he ansla ion sou ce […] Polish. The e a e also a numbe o loanwo ds and hyb ids in he w i ings o Kons an in Si ydos, and M. Pe ke ičius calls Zigmas Zinke ičius he ounde o he language o chu ch ja gon (Zinke ičius 1988: 200). PK Sla ism and hei synonyms can be di ided in o wo g oups. The i s is made up o duplica es, i.e. absolu e synonyms. They don' ha e any meaning ul dis inc i e componen s. such synonyms […] and sla ism, and he Li huanian wo d […] mos o en has only one meaning o he meaning o sla ism comple ely coincides wi h se e al meanings o he indigenous wo d: buda o i, -a oja, -a ojo […]s a i PK 647 s a i i, -o, -ė 6926; blūkla […]paklydimas, k ei a ikys ė […] PK 13321 e o […]ida, e ezija […] 732; cielas PK […]s eikas; all, whole PK 20519 all PK 6712; black ‘hell ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ 240 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX PK 1920 / elnias PK 13511; čias is ‘ga bė, paga ba’ PK 1919 / ga ba PK 3513, ga - The ollowing de ini ions apply: (1) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (1) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (1) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (2) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (1) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (1) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (2) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (1) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (1) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (2) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (1) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (2) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (1) The ollowing de ini ions apply: (2) The PK 809 / liū as PK 8010; lieko ius ‘gydy ojas’ PK 25117 / gydy ojas PK 3127; loska ‘malonė’ PK 3822 / malonė PK 623; mečius ‘ka das, kala ijas’ PK 16011 / kala ijas PK 6012; mylis a ‘malonė’ PK 496 / malonė PK 623; mūka ‘kančia’ PK 368 / kan- ollowing de ini ions apply: (2) The ollowing de ini ions apply: The ollowing de ini ions shall apply: (a) he name o he company; (b) he name o he company; (c) he name o he company; (d) he name o he company; (e) he name o he company; ( ) he name o he company; (g) he name o he company; (g) he name o he company; (h) he name o he company; (h) he name o he company; (h) he name o he company; (h) he name o he company; (h) he name o he company; People […] PK 1514 all he wo ld […] PK 869; chie […] o e see , gua dian, leade […] 2013 PK 1917.14; oblyčia […] len a […] PK 206 62 PK 10517; ie a […] belie , ai h […] PK 23 belie […] PK 14113; zokanas […] law […] PK PK PK 206 PK 62 PK 10517; he law […] he law […] PK 14113; he law […] he law […] Duplica es can comple ely eplace each o he in a sen ence […] he meaning o he sen ence emains unchanged. Fo example, se e al sen ences can be gi en: Since he league has squeezed he sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' kiey / eykiſig gi Pone / lieko iau ik aſis / ißgidi […] PK 25117; Teikis bu ligoniu sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' ßwen a Pona Ch iſ uſa / ą k ikß imą da i umbim PK 1917. Sukei us ie omis sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' izmas pasi enkamas dažniau, o ka ais, a i kščiai, dažniau pasi enkamas sa a- kilmis žodis a ba abu žodžiai a ojami ienodu dažnumu. Vis dėl o PK ma y i endencija dažniau a o i sa akilmį sinonimų po os na į, o ne sla izmą a sla- sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h' sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h' sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e s a e also known by which is also known as he sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e smi h's sil e s a e also known also known also known also known also known as wha is also known as he sil e smi h's sil e s a e also known 1s , 2nd, 3 d, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, 8 h, 9 h, 10 h, M. Pe ke ičiaus ka ekizmo (1598) absoliu ieji sinonimai ki ų XVI–XVII a. lie u ių kalbos aš ų one Dažniau pasi enkamas sla izmas Dažniau pasi enkamas sa akilmis žodis Sla izmas i sa akilmis žodis a ojami ienodu dažnumu 11 h, 11 h, 12 h, 12 h, 12 h, 13 h, 13 h, 13 h, 14 h, 14 h, 15 h, 15 h, 16 h, 16 h, 17 h, 18 h, 19 h, 20 h, 20 h, 21s , 21s , 21s , 21s , 21s , 21s , 22nd, 22nd, 22nd, 23 d, 23 d, 24 h, 24 h, 24 h, 25 h, 25 h, 25 h, 26 h, 25 h, 25 h, 26 h, 26 h, 26 h, 26 h, 27 h, 27 h, 25 h, 25 h, 25 h, 25 h, 25 h, 25 h, 25 h, 25 h, 25 h, 28 h, 28 h, 28 h, 28 h, 28 h, 29 h, 29 h, 29 h, 29 h, 29 h, 29 h, 29 h, 29 h, 29 h, 29 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, a min is 1d asia 97 ponas 567 hadina 3 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h, 30 h a nau i, -auja, -a o 3 kala ijas 3 s ie as 67 mylis a 2 ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Dažniau pasi enkamas sla izmas Dažniau pasi enkamas sa akilmis žodis Sla izmas i sa akilmis žodis a ojami ienodu dažnumu The abb e ia ions used in he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions o he abb e ia ions These sou ces a e om he same pe iod, M. Pe ke ičius's spoken lexicon is o en compa ed o M. Daukšos' w i en lexicon, so DK and DP a e pe ec ly sui ed o ind ou whe he he e was a gene al endency a ha ime o use such absolu e synonyms. Since he e a e wo M. Daukšos wo ks, and DP is also a much la ge sou ce, only he p onuncia ion o wo ds can be compa ed, no he numbe o uses. Some DP wo ds a e used hund eds o imes (e.g., all, hell, hos el), and PKs a e synonymous wi h each o he . In he Uni ed S a es, he lygin i su M. Pe ke ičiumi, dažniau inkosi sa akilmius lie u ių kalbos žodžius numbe o people wi h disabili ies has doubled in he pas decade, acco ding o he Cen e s o Disease Con ol and P e en ion (CDC), and he numbe o people li ing wi h disabili ies has doubled in he pas decade. (wikipedia.o g) 3 The Cen e s o Disease Con ol and P e en ion (CDC) epo s ha he numbe o people li ing wi h disabili ies has doubled in he pas decade, om 3,146,9 o 3,097, acco ding o he Cen e s o Disease Con ol and P e en ion (CDC). In he case o he D.C. a ea, he e m is used mo e o en han he e m "na i e" in he same sou ce: D.C. 5319 (d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.- d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.- d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.- d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d.d. And he wo ds chie ain DP 30615 and oblyčia DP 46113 a e synonymous wi h endo and ape, which we e gene ally no used in he w i ings o M. Pe ke ičius, M. Daukšos. A icles o he T ea y M. Pe ke ičiaus ka ekizmo (1598) absoliu ieji sinonimai ki ų XVI–XVII a. lie u ių kalbos aš ų one In M. Daukho's w i ings, he e is no men ion o o eign o igin in he 13 h cen u y. M. Daukša o en used he memo y o he memo y; I 's a hing o emembe and so on and so o h. The ollowing de ini ions shall apply: (a) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) Fu he mo e, nei he DP no DK is a Sla ic pa u o o PK 16413, no is i s indigenous synonym endo sed by PK 698. The choice o M. Pe ke ičius o use he a o emen ioned double Sla ic wo ds dy as, loska, mečius, mylis a, mūka, pakusa, pamačia, pome is, pona onė, sko bas, slūžy i, -ija, -ijo, s ochas and hyb idą koce ys ė, a he han he sel -p oclaimed Li huanian wo ds used by M. Daukšos, seems s ange, because in o he old Li huanian-language sou ces2 hese o eign wo ds a e a ely used o compa ed wi h synonymous indigenous wo ds: dy as. 57, KN SE 237, ChNT 286 (plg. s ebuklas Mž 211, VlnE 121, BB 2Me 32, BP II 265, SD1 30, SD3 37, SG1 39, ChNT 4), pakusa – Q 33 (plg. pagundymas Mž 138, SP II 57), coce ys ė […] only PK (see e o MP 382, KN SE 261), pome is […] SD1 118, Q 214 MP (see memo y 70, SD1 118, SD3 283, KN G 67), pona onė […] KN G 98 (see also hos ed by SD1 119, ChNT 3). This would mean ha al hough M. Daukša was a p oponen o he Li huanian language, he choice o use such double s as dy as mi acle, pakusa emp a ion, pome is memo y, pona onė domina ion, koce ys ė mis aking membe s o indigenous wo ds was no only his conscious decision […] such Sla ic wo ds we e no so widely sp ead. Based on he sou ce o he ex o he PK ansla ion, p epa ed in Polish, and i s ansla ion in o Li huanian, i can be concluded ha he Sla ic pakusa, pome is, pona onė (excluding dy as) o he PK ansla es acco ding o he ex in Polish: le. "I'm no going o le you ge away wi h his". "I'm no going o le you ge away wi h his". I'm going o spend he nigh on he o he side o he wo ld. [...] om he hea and om he a emp s o ch onicle [...] [...] naked welnia and co e ed wi h dengue [...] PK 11213; le. To emembe , o emembe , o emembe , o emembe , o emembe . [...] id saw on he pomie ies b ough wisdom gi ing saw on he wo ld [...] PK 2471; le. I'm no going o lie o you. I'm no going o lie o you. O no o be con used wi h he ollowing subheading [...] PK 11323. The hyb id co-o dina e is de i ed om a mo e loose ansla ion o he ex , bu i can be seen ha he Polish ex 2 Some sou ces' abb e ia ions (BP, VlnE, Q, MP, C) a e aken om LKŽe. ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ 250 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The Gospel acco ding o he Ca echism o he Ca holic Chu ch, 1646. Access ia he In e ne : h p: www.lki.l /senieji as ai/db.php This is a lis o he municipali ies o he Czech Republic. SP […] Poin s o he judgmen , I[…]II, pa . This is F. Spech . Gö ingen, in he yea 1929. […] The pos o ice o Wol enbü el, WP 1573. Access ia he In e ne : h p: www.lki.l /senieji as ai db.php. LITERATŪRA Cha e Wallace 1971: Di ec ionali y and pa aph ase. – Language 47, 1–25. Glynn Dylan 2014: Polysemy and synonymy: Cogni i e heo y and Co pus me- hod. – Co pus me hods o seman ics. Quan i a i e s udies in polysemy and synonymy, 7–39. Ha is Roy 1973: Synonymy and linguis ic analysis. Ox o d: Blackwell. Hock Wol gang 2012: Un e suchungen zu Daukšas Pos ille – I. Doppelungen. – A - chi um Li huanicum 14, 9–98. Jackson Howa d, E ienne Ze Am ela 2001: Wo ds. Meaning and ocabula y: An in oduc ion o mode n english lexicology. London, New Yo k: Con inuum. Jakai ienė E alda 1988: Leksinė seman ika. Vilnius: Mokslas. Jakai ienė E alda 2010: Leksikologija. Vilnius: Vilniaus uni e si e as. K uopas Jonas 1970: 1598 m. Me kelio Pe ke ičiaus ka ekizmo leksika. – Lie u ių kalbo y os klausimai 12, 83–154. K uopas Jonas 1998: Rink iniai aš ai. Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos ins i u as. Kuźmina Da iusz 2002: Ka ekizmy w Rzeczypospoli ej XVI i począ ku XVII wieku. Wa szawa. LKE – Lie u ių kalbos enciklopedija. Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos ins i u- as, 2008. Maskuliūnas B onius 2000: Sa ybiniai į a džiai Me kelio Pe ke ičiaus „Ka ekiz- me“. – Bal u iloloģija 18, 113–120. Melle Ka a zyna 1984: O pieśniowej wó czości Jakuba Lubelczyka. – Pamię nik Li e acki 75(4), 151–175. Miliūnai ė Ri a 2009: Daba inės lie u ių kalbos a osenos a ian ai. Vilnius: Lie- u ių kalbos ins i u as. S aipsniai / A icles 251 M. Pe ke ičiaus ka ekizmo (1598) absoliu ieji sinonimai ki ų XVI–XVII a. lie u ių kalbos aš ų one Mu phy Lynne 2003: Seman ic ela ions and he lexicon. Camb idge: Camb idge Uni- e si y P ess. Niedźwiedź Jakub 2008: Jan Kochanowski, poe a Li ewski. – Ac a his o ica uni e - si a is Klaipedensis 16, 179–187. Palionis Jonas 1967: Lie u ių li e a ū inė kalba XVI–XVII a. Vilnius: Min is. Pikčilingis Juozas 1969: Leksinė i g ama inė sinonimika. Kaunas: Š iesa. Pikčilingis Juozas 1988: Sinonimika. Kalbos igū os. Kaunas: Š iesa. Pociū ė Daino a 2000: P igim ies pančiai a įs a ymų lais ė: kai ku ie Mikalojaus Daukšos Pos ilės „P akalbos į malonųjį skai y oją“ aspek ai p o es an ų min ies kon- eks e. – Li e a ū a 38(1), 23–31. Pociū ė-Abuke ičienė Daino a 2005: Psalmės Lie u os Didžiosios Kunigaikš- ys ės giesmynuose. XVI a.: nuo Nes yžiaus ka ekizmo iki lie u iškųjų Me kelio Pe ke- ičiaus e imų. – Li e a ū a 47(1), 29–43. Vaskelienė Jolan a 1999: Da ybiniai eiksmažodžių abs ak ų sinonimai. – Linguis- ica Le ica 4, 110–143. Vaskelienė Jolan a 2000: Da ybiniai sinonimai. Šiauliai. Vaskelienė Jolan a 2004: Da ybinių sinonimų unkciona imas eks uose. – Filolo- gija 9, 47–54. Vaskelienė Jolan a 2013a: Daik a a džio k apas i būd a džio k apus, -i sinoni- mai. – Ac a humani a ica uni e si a is Saulensis 17, 103–113. Vaskelienė Jolan a 2013b: Da ybinių sinonimų, da ybinių a ian ų i pa onimų pa- našumai bei ski umai. – Žmogus i žodis 15(1), 206–214. Vaskelienė Jolan a, Kučinskienė Ramunė 2012: Daba inės lie u ių kalbos būd a džių da ybiniai sinonimai. – Žmogus i žodis 14(1), 153–161. Zinke ičius Zigmas 1970: M. Pe ke ičiaus ka ekizmo (1598 m.) a mė. – Bal is ica 6(2), 227–243. Zinke ičius Zigmas 1988: Senųjų aš ų kalba. Vilnius: Mokslas. Župe ka Kazimie as 1978: P ak inė s ilis ika (sinonimai). Vilnius: Lie u os TSR aukš ojo i specialiojo idu inio mokslo minis e ijos Leidybinė edakcinė a yba. Župe ka Kazimie as 2012: S ilis ika. Šiauliai: Šiaulių uni e si e o leidykla. Апресян Юрий Дереникович 1974: Лексическая семантика: синонимические средства языка. Москва: Наука. ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ 252 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Absolu e Synonyms in he Ca echism o Pe ke ičius in he Con ex o O he Li huanian W i ings o he 16 h–17 h Cen u ies Summa y The Ca echism o Me kelis Pe ke ičius (CP) was published h ee yea s a e he publica ion o ca ion o he Ca echism by Mikalojus Daukša. Though he CP is he i s Li huanian book o he Re o me s in he G and Duchy o Li huania, i has so a ecei ed li le a en ion om schola s. The Ca echism has been discussed mainly in he gene al con ex o Li h- uanian w i ings o he 16 h–17 h cen u ies, and schola s ha e mos equen ly ocused on he ansla ions o psalms in he Ca echism o Pe ke ičius om he Polish language. The g amma ical, lexical and phone ic ea u es o he language in he CP ha e been analysed in se e al a icles only. This a icle ocuses on absolu e synonyms (double s) as a segmen he Lexis in he Ca echism o Pe ke ičius, whe e one elemen is o Sla ic o igin o a hyb id wi h a Sla ic s em and he o he elemen is an indigenous wo d. The goal o his a icle is o iden i y whe he he absolu e synonyms ound in he CP we e ypical o he lexicon in he 16 h-17 h cen u ies and wha could ha e de e mined he use o a e double s ound in he CP alone. In pu sui o his goal, all he pai s o sys emic synonyms we e selec ed om he Ca echism o Pe e and absolu e synonyms we e singled ou a e wa ds. The Li huanian ex o he Ca echism was compa ed wi h he Polish sou ce o he ansla ion o e eal he in luence o he o iginal ex on he ansla ion in o he Li huanian language. Al hough he absolu e synonyms om his Ca echism a e mos equen ly ound in o he Li huanian w i ings o he 16 h-17 h cen u ies, his Ca echism is ega ded di e en ly in some cases because a e synonyms, which a e no a es ed in o he sou ces, can be ound in i . The easons o he choice o such a lexicon by Pe ke ičius a e no always clea , because in some cases he ex in Polish did no seem o ha e any in luence on his. Deli e ed on 18 Oc obe 2018 ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as This is a lis o ai po s in Li huania, g ouped by ype and so ed by loca ion.