scieee Open visual document viewer

Diseño e implementación de aplicaciones informáticas para la medición de tiempos.

Sempere Ripoll, Francisca; Poler Escoto, Raúl

Abstract

La medición de tiempos ha adquirido en los últimos años un protagonismo similar al que tuvo en los tiempos de sus inicios, pero con ob}etivos completamente distintos. Además, en la actualidad cuenta con medios más sofisticados, que colaboran a obtener

Full text

',6( 2(,03/(0(17$&,Ï1'($3/,&$&,21(6,1)250È7,&$6 3$5$/$0(',&,Ï1'(7,(0326 )UDQFLVFD6HPSHUH5LSROO(OHQD3pUH]%HUQDEHX5D~O3ROHU(VFRWR (6&8(/$32/,7e&1,&$683(5,25'($/&2<8393OD]D)HUUiQGL] &DUERQHOO$/&2< $/,&$17(IVHPSHUH#RPSXSYHV (6&8(/$32/,7e&1,&$683(5,25'($/&2<8393OD]D)HUUiQGL] &DUERQHOO$/&2< $/,&$17(HOSHEHU#HSVDXSYHV (6&8(/$32/,7e&1,&$683(5,25'($/&2<8393OD]D)HUUiQGL] &DUERQHOO$/&2< $/,&$17(USROHU#RPSXSYHV 5(680(1 /DPHGLFLyQGHWLHPSRVKDDGTXLULGRHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVXQSURWDJRQLVPRVLPLODUDOTXHWXYRHQ ORVWLHPSRVGHVXVLQLFLRVSHURFRQREMHWLYRVFRPSOHWDPHQWHGLVWLQWRV$GHPiVHQODDFWXDOLGDG FXHQWDFRQPHGLRVPiVVRILVWLFDGRVTXHFRODERUDQDREWHQHUXQDPD RUSUHFLVLyQHQODVPHGLGDV SRUWDQWRHQODVFRQFOXVLRQHVTXHVHHODERUDQDSDUWLUGHHOODV /DGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHWLHPSRVVHKDFHQHFHVDULDHQWRGRVORVQLYHOHVGHSODQLILFDFLyQGHODHPSUHVD VXSRQHXQDLQIRUPDFLyQPX YDOLRVDSDUDODJHVWLyQGHUHFXUVRV FDSDFLGDGHV$SDUHFHSRUOR WDQWRFRPRXQDWDUHDPiVGHHQWUHODVLQQXPHUDEOHVDUHDOL]DUHQODHPSUHVD8QDWDUHDTXHHQ HOPHMRUGHORVFDVRVUHTXLHUHDGHPiVGHXQDIRUPDFLyQDGHFXDGDHOSURFHVDPLHQWRGHJUDQ FDQWLGDGGHGDWRV 7LPH*,3VHSUHVHQWDFRPRXQDKHUUDPLHQWDGHPHGLFLyQGHWLHPSRVTXHIDFLOLWDODUHDOL]DFLyQ GHHVWXGLRV GHWLHPSRV SRU VXVHQFLOOH]GHPDQHMR UDSLGH]UHGXFLHQGRFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHORV UHFXUVRV QHFHVDULRV SDUD VX UHDOL]DFLyQ 6RSRUWD WUHV DSOLFDFLRQHV FRPSOHPHQWDULDV SDUD OD UHDOL]DFLyQGHHVWXGLRVGHWLHPSRV&URQRPHWUDMHDFRPSDxDGDSRUXQDDSOLFDFLyQGHIRUPDFLyQ GHYDORUDFLyQGHOULWPR6LVWHPDVGH7LHPSR(VWiQGDU3UHGHWHUPLQDGRV 0XHVWUHR (OVRIWZDUHVHSUHVHQWDDGHPiVFRPRXQDKHUUDPLHQWDGHDSUHQGL]DMHHQODVWpFQLFDVGHPHGLFLyQ GH WLHPSRVFRQ XQ GLVHxR DPLJDEOH   FRQ HOHPHQWRV GH D XGD  HMHPSORV LQFRUSRUDGRVTXH IDFLOLWDQODXWLOL]DFLyQGHOPLVPR 7LPH*,3 FXPSOH GREOH IXQFLyQ GRFHQWH HQ WDQWR TXH HV XQ UHFXUVR GLGiFWLFR GH WpFQLFDV GH HVWXGLR GH 7LHPSRV  SHUPLWH D OD YH] WRPDU FRQFLHQFLD GH TXH HO FDPSR GH ODV 1XHYDV 7HFQRORJ DVHVWiFDGDYH]PiVSUHVHQWH DVHDHQGLVHxRFXUULFXODUGHODVPDWHULDV DVHDHQHO HQWRUQRODERUDOGHXQLQJHQLHUR/RV UHFXUVRV GLGiFWLFRV GH HVWH WLSR DGHPiV GHPHGLDU HQHO DSUHQGL]DMH GH OD PDWHULD HQ FXHVWLyQ WDPELpQ GHVDUUROODQ RWUDV KDELOLGDGHV FRJQLWLYDV GHO DOXPQRHQHVWHFDVRODIDPLOLDUL]DFLyQFRQGLYHUVRVRIWZDUHLQIRUPiWLFR 3DODEUDV&ODYH ,QJHQLHU DGH2UJDQL]DFLyQ,QGXVWULDO6RIWZDUH0HGLFLyQGH7LHPSRV(VWXGLR GHO 7UDEDMR $SUHQGL]DMH &URQRPHWUDMH 0XHVWUHR 070 9DORUDFLyQ GHO 5LWPR 5HFXUVRV 'LGiFWLFRV ,QWURGXFFLyQ (QHVWHDUW FXORVHSUHVHQWDQXQFRQMXQWRGHKHUUDPLHQWDVLQIRUPiWLFDVTXHGDQVRSRUWHDODV WpFQLFDV GH PHGLFLyQ GH WLHPSR PiV FRP~QPHQWH XWLOL]DGDV FURQRPHWUDMH VLVWHPDV GH WLHPSRHVWiQGDUSUHGHWHUPLQDGRV PXHVWUHR (OHQIRTXHXWLOL]DGRHQODGHILQLFLyQ GHVDUUROORGHODVGLVWLQWDVDSOLFDFLRQHVGHPHGLFLyQGH WLHPSRV UHFRJH QR VROR OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GH OD PHGLFLyQ GH WLHPSRV FRPR KHUUDPLHQWD VLQR WDPELpQODHWDSDGHLQLFLDFLyQ DSUHQGL]DMHGHOXVXDULRHQODVGLVWLQWDVWpFQLFDV (OSURFHVRGHDSUHQGL]DMHVXSRQHXQDHWDSDFU WLFDHQWDQWRTXHODFDOLGDGGHORVUHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRVGHSHQGHUiGLUHFWDPHQWHGHOD FRUUHFWD XWLOL]DFLyQGHODWpFQLFDVHOHFFLRQDGDDV  FRPR GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR GH ORV REMHWLYRV TXH VH SUHWHQGHQ PHGLDQWH VX XWLOL]DFLyQ /D KHUUDPLHQWDIDFLOLWDHVWHSURFHVRIDPLOLDUL]DQGRDOXVXDULRFRQORVFRQFHSWRVWHyULFRVDWUDYpV GHODVD XGDVTXHLQFRUSRUDQODVGLVWLQWDVDSOLFDFLRQHVHLQWURGXFLpQGRORVHQVXXWLOL]DFLyQD WUDYpVGHGHPRVWUDFLRQHVFX RREMHWLYRSULQFLSDOHVODPRWLYDFLyQGHODSUHQGL]DMH>@ /DXWLOL]DFLyQGHODKHUUDPLHQWDVXSRQHODVLPSOLILFDFLyQGHDOJXQDVGHODVWDUHDVQHFHVDULDV SDUD OD GHWHUPLQDFLyQ GH WLHPSRV TXH VRQ D OD YH] GDWRV TXH VH HPSOHDUiQ HQ OD GHWHUPLQDFLyQ GHRWURVSDUiPHWURVGHODSODQLILFDFLyQHPSUHVDULDOFRPRHOFRVWRUHDOGHOD SURGXFFLyQILMDFLyQGHSUHFLRVSURGXFWRPDQRGHREUDLQFHQWLYRV FRPSHQVDFLRQHVHWF ODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHPDQRGHREUD  GHHTXLSDPLHQWR  HQJHQHUDOGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHOD HPSUHVD>@/DEDVHGHGDWRVTXHVRSRUWDODVDSOLFDFLRQHVSHUPLWHDGHPiVGHDOPDFHQDU WRGRVGDWRVUHFRJLGRVGXUDQWHHOHVWXGLRVXH[DPHQ DQiOLVLVSRVWHULRUIDFLOLWDQGRDVXYH] ODFODVLILFDFLyQ FRPSUREDFLyQGHORVUHVXOWDGRV 3RU RWUD SDUWH HO VLVWHPD KLSHUWH[WR DVRFLDGR DO VRIWZDUH 7LPH*,3 HQ IRUPD GH OLEURV HOHFWUyQLFRVSUHVHQWDGLYHUVDVYHQWDMDVFRQUHODFLyQDORVPHGLRVLPSUHVRVWUDGLFLRQDOHVWDOHV FRPR D XGD HQ OD FRQHFWLYLGDG PXOWLPHGLD FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GLQiPLFR LQWHUDFWLYLGDG E~VTXHGDUiSLGDGHLQIRUPDFLyQ$XQTXHWDPELpQSUHVHQWDDOJ~QLQFRQYHQLHQWHFRPRWHQHU TXHDSUHQGHUDXWLOL]DUORHILFLHQWHPHQWH>@ 7RGD OD SURJUDPDFLyQ GH DSOLFDFLRQHV VH KD UHDOL]DGR FRQ HO OHQJXDMH GH SURJUDPDFLyQ ,QSULVH'HOSKL¥DFFHGLHQGR DOD%DVHGH'DWRVORFDO3DUDGR[3DUDORVLQIRUPHVVHKD XWLOL]DGRODKHUUDPLHQWD4XLFN5HSRUW ODKRMDGHFiOFXOR0LFURVRIW([FHO>@>@ 7LPH*,36RIWZDUHGH0HGLFLyQGH7LHPSRV 0HGLFLyQGH7LHPSRVSRU&URQyPHWUR /DWpFQLFDGHPHGLFLyQGHOWUDEDMRFRQVLVWHHQ³XQDPHGLFLyQFXLGDGRVDGHOWLHPSRGHXQD WDUHDSRUPHGLRGHXQHOHPHQWRGHPHGLFLyQFURQyPHWURDMXVWDGRSDUDFXDOTXLHUYDULDQWH REVHUYDGD GHOHVIXHU]R R ULWPRQRUPDO TXH SHUPLWH WLHPSRVDGHFXDGRVSDUD DVSHFWRVWDOHV FRPRHOHPHQWRVH[WUDxRVUHWUDVRVLQHYLWDEOHVRGHODVPiTXLQDVHOGHVFDQVRSDUDUHSRQHUVH GHODIDWLJD GHODVQHFHVLGDGHVSHUVRQDOHV7DPELpQGHEHUiQWRPDUVHHQFXHQWDORVHIHFWRV GH DSUHQGL]DMH R GH ORV SURFHVRV 6L OD WDUHD HV OR VXILFLHQWHPHQWH ODUJD VH GLYLGLUi HQ HOHPHQWRVGHWUDEDMRPiVFRUWRV UHODWLYDPHQWHPiVKRPRJpQHRVFDGDXQRGHORVFXDOHVVH WUDWDSRUVHSDUDGRDV FRPRHQFRPELQDFLyQGHORVGHPiV´VHJ~QODQRUPDGHWHUPLQRORJ D GHOD,QJHQLHUD,QGXVWULDO$16,=>@ (O (VWXGLR GHWLHPSRV SRU FURQyPHWUR VH HPSOHD SULQFLSDOPHQWH SDUD OD SURGXFFLyQ GH HVWiQGDUHVGHRSHUDFLRQHVGHSURGXFFLyQ (OHVWXGLRSRUFURQRPHWUDMHXWLOL]DODREVHUYDFLyQGLUHFWD FRQWLQXDGHORSHUDULR RPiTXLQD GXUDQWHXQFRUWRSHULRGRGHWLHPSR3RUORTXHHVHO~QLFRPpWRGRTXHHIHFWLYDPHQWHPLGH  UHJLVWUDHOWLHPSRUHDOHPSOHDGRSRUHORSHUDULR RODPiTXLQD (OSURFHGLPLHQWRJHQHUDOGHDSOLFDFLyQGHPHGLFLyQGHWLHPSRVSRUFURQyPHWURQRREOLJDD VHJXLUXQUHJLVWURGHWDOODGRGHO PpWRGRGH WUDEDMR  ORV SDWURQHVGH PRYLPLHQWRVRGHOD GLVWULEXFLyQGHHTXLSRHQHOOXJDUGHWUDEDMRODFRQGLFLyQGHORVPDWHULDOHV ODVKHUUDPLHQWDV XWLOL]DGDV OR TXH VXSRQH XQ SUREOHPD HQ HO PDQWHQLPLHQWR SRVWHULRU GH ORV HVWiQGDUHV UHVXOWDQWHV7LPH*,3REOLJDDLQFOXLU HQHOHVWXGLRGHILQLWLYRODGHVFULSFLyQGHOPpWRGR XWLOL]DGRSDUDHOHVWXGLRDV FRPRDQH[DUIRWRVRGLEXMRVTXHFRQFUHWHQHOGHWDOOHGHOSXHVWR GHWUDEDMRDQDOL]DGR>@>@ 8QDYH]GHILQLGDODHVWUXFWXUDGHORVHOHPHQWRVGHWUDEDMRODDVLJQDFLyQGHWHFODVHVSHF ILFDV DFDGDXQRGHORVHYHQWRVHVSHF ILFRVHOHPHQWRVF FOLFRV  DF FOLFRV DODYDORUDFLyQGHO GHVHPSHxRHQHOFDVR GH YDORUDFLyQSRUYHORFLGDG IDFLOLWDHOUHJLVWURGH GDWRVGXUDQWHHO FURQRPHWUDMH/DDVRFLDFLyQGHHYHQWRVDWHFODVGH RUGHQDGRUHVGHILQLGDSRUHOXVXDULRYHU ILJXUD (OLQIRUPH UHVXOWDQWH GHOHVWXGLRGH WLHPSRV FRQ7LPH*,3 LQFOX HOD YDORUDFLyQGHFDGD HOHPHQWRDV FRPRORVVXSOHPHQWRVSRUIDWLJD QHFHVLGDGHVSHUVRQDOHV )LJXUD&URQRPHWUDMH $XQTXH OD WpFQLFD GH PHGLFLyQ GH WLHPSRV GH FURQyPHWUR HV UHODWLYDPHQWH VHQFLOOD GH HQWHQGHU H[SOLFDUSUHVHQWDFLHUWDGLILFXOWDGHQODYDORUDFLyQGHOGHVHPSHxRRULWPR /DYDORUDFLyQGHOULWPRSUHWHQGHGHWHUPLQDUODGHVWUH]DGHXQRSHUDULRHQVXSXHVWRGHWUDEDMR FRQUHIHUHQFLDDXQULWPRWLSRTXHHVODYHORFLGDGLGHDOGHXQDGHWHUPLQDGDRSHUDFLyQ/D GHWHUPLQDFLyQ HV FRPSOHMD SRU OD VXEMHWLYLGDG GH OD WDUHD $GHPiV VXHOH VHU IXHQWH GH GHVDYHQHQFLDVHQWUHHPSUHVD WUDEDMDGRUHVSRUFXDQWRVHHPSOHDHQPXFKRVFDVRVSDUDILMDU HOYROXPHQGHWUDEDMRGHFDGDSXHVWR HVWDEOHFHUVLVWHPDVGHSULPDV 'H HQWUH ORV GLVWLQWRV PpWRGRV H[LVWHQWHV GH YDORUDFLyQ GHO GHVHPSHxR OD DSOLFDFLyQ GH FURQRPHWUDMH UHFRJHWUHVHO 6LVWHPD :HVWLQJKRXVHOD &DOLILFDFLyQ VLQWpWLFD  &DOLILFDFLyQ SRUYHORFLGDG /D IUHFXHQFLD GH OD  YDORUDFLyQ LUi GHWHUPLQDGD SRU HO WLHPSR GH FLFOR SRU OR TXH ORV HOHPHQWRVSRGUiQYDORUDUVHSRUFLFORRSRUHVWXGLRFRPSOHWR 3DUD OD IRUPDFLyQ GHO PpWRGR GH FDOLILFDFLyQ SRU YHORFLGDG VH QHFHVLWDQ ILOPDFLRQHV FDOLEUDGDVTXHSHUPLWHQFRQRFHUHOQLYHOGHSHUFHSFLyQGHOXVXDULRDWUDYpVGHODQiOLVLVGHO HUURUVLVWHPiWLFR ODGHVYLDFLyQSULQFLSDOGHODVREVHUYDFLRQHVGHOXVXDULR (O XVXDULR GH OD DSOLFDFLyQ SDUD OD IRUPDFLyQ GH OD YDORUDFLyQ GHO ULWPR WLHQH VLHPSUH GLVSRQLEOHHQSDQWDOODORVGDWRVVREUHHOSUR HFWRDFWXDOFRQMXQWRGHHMHUFLFLRVDV FRPRORV GHWDOOHVGHOHMHUFLFLRGHVHJXLPLHQWRTXHHVWpHIHFWXDQGRFRPRVHREVHUYDHQODILJXUD )LJXUD6HJXLPLHQWR± 9DORUDFLyQGHO5LWPR (VWD DSOLFDFLyQHVH[WUHPDGDPHQWH~WLOHQFDVRGHDGLHVWUDPLHQWRHQFDOLILFDFLyQGHRSHUDULRV FRQVLGHUDQGR TXH HO FRQFHSWR GH DFWXDFLyQ QRUPDO SXHGH HQVHxDUVH UiSLGDPHQWH  TXH HO FRQFHSWR HV WUDQVIHULEOH D RSHUDFLRQHV GLVWLQWDV >@ 0HGLDQWH HO XVR GH HVWH VRIWZDUH VH REWLHQHQLQIRUPHVLQVWDQWiQHRVGHFDGDHMHUFLFLR RSUR HFWRVLQGLFDQGRODFRQVLVWHQFLDGH ORVUHVXOWDGRV HOQLYHOGHIRUPDFLyQGHOXVXDULR(OXVXDULRVHFRQVLGHUDIRUPDGRFXDQGR VXVUHVXOWDGRVVHHQFXHQWUDQHQWUHHOGHODFDOLILFDFLyQYHUGDGHUD  6LVWHPDVGH7LHPSRV(VWiQGDU3UHGHWHUPLQDGRV 8Q VLVWHPD GH WLHPSRV SUHGHWHUPLQDGRV HV ³XQD HQWLGDG RUJDQL]DGD GH LQIRUPDFLyQ SURFHGLPLHQWRVWpFQLFDV WLHPSRVGHPRYLPLHQWRVHPSOHDGDHQHOHVWXGLR ODHYDOXDFLyQ GHORVHOHPHQWRVGHWUDEDMRPDQXDO(OVLVWHPDVHH[SUHVDHQWpUPLQRVGHORVPRYLPLHQWRV TXHVHXWLOL]DQGHVXVFDUDFWHU VWLFDVJHQHUDOHV HVSHF ILFDVGHODVFRQGLFLRQHVEDMRODVTXH VHVXFHGHQ  GHORVWLHPSRVGHGHVHPSHxRSUHYLDPHQWHGHWHUPLQDGRV´VHJ~QODQRUPDGH WHUPLQRORJ DGHOD,QJHQLHUD,QGXVWULDO$16,=>@ (O WUDEDMR VH GHVFRPSRQH HQ SHTXHxRV PRYLPLHQWRV OODPDGRV PLFURPRYLPLHQWRV TXH VH FODVLILFDQHQIXQFLyQGHXQDVYDULDEOHVSDUDGHVSXpVEXVFDUHOWLHPSRSUHDVLJQDGRHQXQDV WDEODV/DVXPDGHWLHPSRVGH WRGRVORVPLFURPRYLPLHQWRVTXHFRPSRQHQHOPpWRGRGDQHO WLHPSRWRWDOGHODRSHUDFLyQ 'H HQWUH ODV GLVWLQWDV WpFQLFDV GH 6LVWHPDV GH 7LHPSR  (VWiQGDU 3UHGHWHUPLQDGRV VH KD VHOHFFLRQDGRHO0700HWKRGV7LPH0HDVXUHPHQWSRUVHUSUREDEOHPHQWHHODPSOLDPHQWH XWLOL]DGR 5HDOPHQWH HO 070 HV WRGD XQD IDPLOLD GH WpFQLFDV &XDQWR PiV SHTXHxRV VRQ ORV PLFURPRYLPLHQWRV PD RUQ~PHURGHYDULDEOHVPD RUHVVRQODVH[SHFWDWLYDVGHH[DFWLWXGD ODYH]TXHVHKDFHPXFKRPiVGLI FLOODDSOLFDFLyQGHODWpFQLFD /DVGRVWpFQLFDVVHOHFFLRQDGDVGHHQWUHODIDPLOLD070KDQVLGR070 070;ODPiV FRPSOHMD ODPiVVHQFLOODUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH )LJXUD7DEODV070 /DV WDEODV TXH UHFRJHQ WRGRV ORV PRYLPLHQWRV GHO 070 VRQ IiFLOPHQWH PRGLILFDEOHV GH PRGRTXHORV YDORUHVSXHGHQDGDSWDUVHDFDGDHVWXGLRFRQFUHWRHQIXQFLyQGHORVHVWXGLRV UHDOL]DGRVSDUDFDGDHPSUHVDFRPRSRGHPRVYHUHQODILJXUD$GHPiVVHSXHGHQJHQHUDU GDWRVHVWiQGDUHVDSDUWLUGHHVWXGLRV DUHDOL]DGRVREWHQLHQGRQXHVWURVSURSLRVFyGLJRV GH PRYLPLHQWRV 7LPH*,3IDFLOLWDHOSURFHVRWDQODERULRVRGHODDSOLFDFLyQGHHVWDWpFQLFD3HUPLWHSRUXQD SDUWHVHOHFFLRQDUHOWLSRGHPRYLPLHQWR REWHQHUDXWRPiWLFDPHQWHVXYDORUHQODWDUMHWDGH GDWRVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH SRURWUDSDUWHIDFLOLWDOD REWHQFLyQGHLQIRUPHVTXHJHQHUDQGDWRV PX ~WLOHVVLQULHVJRGHHTXLYRFDFLRQHVHQODVVXPDVRHQHOFDPELRGHXQLGDGHV708D VHJXQGRV $OLJXDOTXHHQFURQRPHWUDMHSHUPLWHLQFOXLUXQDGHVFULSFLyQGHWDOODGDGHOWUDEDMRDQDOL]DGR SDUD SRGHU GHWHUPLQDU HQ XQ IXWXUR OD YDOLGH] GH ORV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV D TXH VL ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GHO SXHVWR GH WUDEDMR R FXDOTXLHU RWUD KDQ FDPELDGR SXHGH TXH VH WHQJDTXH UHSODQWHDUHOHVWXGLRGHQXHYR $GHPiVWDPELpQSURYHHGHXQPHFDQLVPR~WLOSDUDHYLWDULQFRUUHFFLRQHVHQWDQWRTXHUHVDOWD ORVPRYLPLHQWRVGLI FLOHVGHUHDOL]DUDODSDUDV FRPRDTXHOORVTXHVRQSRVLEOHVSHURTXH VRQGHGLI FLOHMHFXFLyQ  0XHVWUHR (OPXHVWUHRGHWUDEDMRVHGHILQHFRPR³XQDDSOLFDFLyQGHODVWpFQLFDVGHOPXHVWUHRDOHDWRULR DOHVWXGLRGHDFWLYLGDGHVODERUDOHVGHPDQHUDTXHODVSURSRUFLRQHVGHOWLHPSRGHGLFDGRDORV GLIHUHQWHV HOHPHQWRV GHO WUDEDMR SXHGDQ VHU FDOFXODGDV GHQWUR GH FLHUWR JUDGR GH YDOLGH] HVWDG VWLFD´6HJ~QODQRUPDGHWHUPLQRORJ DGHOD,QJHQLHUD,QGXVWULDO$16,=>@ &RQHOPXHVWUHRGHOWUDEDMRVHFRQVLJXHGHWHUPLQDUFRQXQGHWHUPLQDGRQLYHOGHFRQILDQ]D ORVSHULRGRVHQTXHVHKDGHUHYLVDUXQRVSXQWRVGHWHUPLQDGRVGHXQWDOOHURHPSUHVDSDUD FRQRFHU VX HVWDGR DFWXDO 6H FRQVLJXH DV GHWHFWDUORVSUREOHPDV  VX HQWRUQRSDUD SRGHU GHWHUPLQDUVXVFDXVDV  WRPDUODVPHGLGDVSHUWLQHQWHV(VWRVHUHDOL]DPHGLDQWHHOPpWRGR HVWDG VWLFR HQ HO TXH VH WLHQH HQ FXHQWD HO HUURU HVWiQGDU  ORV SRUFHQWDMHV GH WLHPSRV LQDFWLYRV  DFWLYRV GHWHUPLQiQGRVH DV  HO Q~PHUR GH PXHVWUDV UHTXHULGDV WUDV KDFHU XQ SULPHUPXHVWUHR /D DSOLFDFLyQ GH PXHVWUHR SHUPLWH VLPSOLILFDU OD WDUHD GH UHDOL]DU SODQHV GH PXHVWUHR REWHQLHQGRORVQ~PHURVDOHDWRULRVVLQWHQHUTXHFRQVXOWDUWDEODVHLQWHUSUHWDUHOYDORUGHHVWRV UHVXOWDGRVPRVWUiQGRQRVGLUHFWDPHQWHXQDSULPHUDKRMDGHFiOFXORSUHOLPLQDU GHVSXpVXQD RYDULDVKRMDVPiVGHOPXHVWUHRSURSLDPHQWHGLFKRFRQODVWDEODVOLVWDVSDUDUHOOHQDU )LJXUD3URJUDPDGH0XHVWUHR  &21&/86,21(6 6HWUDWDGHDSOLFDFLRQHVGLVHxDGDVHVSHF ILFDPHQWHSDUDIDFLOLWDUDOXVXDULRODXWLOL]DFLyQGHODV GLVWLQWDVWpFQLFDVGHPHGLFLyQGHWLHPSRV REWHQHUPHMRUHVUHVXOWDGRVGHVXXWLOL]DFLyQ /D RULHQWDFLyQ D EDVHV GH GDWRV SHUPLWH ODDJUXSDFLyQ GH PRYLPLHQWRV EiVLFRV R HOHPHQWRV GH WUDEDMR SDUD VX SRVWHULRU UHXWLOL]DFLyQ HQ HO FDVR GH DSDUHFHU HQ HVWXGLRV SRVWHULRUHV(VWRIDFLOLWDHOPDQWHQLPLHQWR  FRQWUROSRVWHULRUGHOVLVWHPDGHWLHPSRVGHOD HPSUHVDGRWDQGRGHIOH[LELOLGDGDOVLVWHPD &DGDXQDGHODVDSOLFDFLRQHVOOHYDQLQFRUSRUDGDVGRVWLSRVGHD XGDVXQDTXHUHFRJHODWHRU D FRQFHSWXDOGHODVWpFQLFDV RWUDHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODDSOLFDFLyQDWUDYpVGHHMHPSORV +DFLHQGRXVRGHHVWHWLSRGHDSOLFDFLRQHVVHIDFLOLWDTXHHOWpFQLFRSUHVWHPD RUDWHQFLyQDOD WDUHDTXHKDGHGHVHPSHxDU  QRDODRSHUDWLYDTXHFRQGXFHDODREWHQFLyQGHUHVXOWDGRV 7UDV OD LQWURGXFFLyQ GH GDWRV pVWRV SXHGHQ VHU DOPDFHQDGRV SDUD SRVWHULRUHV FRQVXOWDV 7DPELpQVHSXHGHQREWHQHULQIRUPHVTXHDJUXSDQORVGDWRVLQIRUPDQGRGHORVSDUiPHWURV LQWURGXFLGRV GHORVUHVXOWDGRV 5HIHUHQFLDV >@³7HFQRORJ D(GXFDWLYD1XHYDV7HFQRORJ DVDSOLFDGDVDOD(GXFDFLyQ´'LUHFFLyQ-RVp /XLV5RGU JXH]'LpJXH]±ÏVFDU6iHQ]%DUULR(GLWRULDO0DUILO >@0D QDUG+%³0DQXDOGH,QJHQLHU DGHOD3URGXFFLyQ,QGXVWULDO´(G5HYHUWp >@³'LGiFWLFDGHODV&LHQFLDV([SHULPHQWDOHV´'LUHFFLyQ)UDQFLVFR-DYLHU3HUDOHV3DODFLRV ±3HGUR&DxDOGH/HyQ(GLWRULDO0DUILO >@*X DGHO'HVDUUROODGRU,QSULVH'HOSKL¥SDUD:LQGRZV :LQGRZV17 >@0DUWHHQV,³/DFDUDRFXOWDGHO'HOSKL'DQ 6RIW,QWHUQDWLRQDO >@1LHEHO%³,QJHQLHU D,QGXVWULDO0pWRGRV7LHPSRV 0RYLPLHQWRV´(G5$0$ >@³,QWURGXFFLyQDO(VWXGLRGHO7UDEDMR´2ILFLQD,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHO7UDEDMR&XDUWD(GLFLyQ 5HYLVDGD >@6FKURHGHU*5³$GPLQLVWUDFLyQGH2SHUDFLRQHV7RPDGH'HFLVLRQHVHQOD)XQFLyQGH 2SHUDFLRQHV´7HUFHUD(GLFLyQ0F*UDZ+LOO