Il Trastullo delle donne di Faustino Perisauli da Tredozio: un unicum nella Querelle des Femmes
Abstract
L’obiettivo del nostro studio è analizzare Il Trastullo delle donne di Faustino Perisauli all’interno della Querelle des Femmes. Il poemetto in ottave di Perisauli che costituisce la risposta al testo misogino Sonaglio delle donne composto da Bernardo Giambullari rappresenta uno dei pochi esempi di composizioni in versi nell’ambito del dibattito sulla dignità femminile già sviluppatosi nel Trecento con testi come “Ahi lasso che li boni e li malvagi” de Guittone d’Arezzo. Seguendo il suo esempio, Perisauli si autoproclama paladino del sesso femminile e confuta alcuni dei pregiudizi e delle accuse rivolte alle donne. Introduce tutta una serie di argomenti di cui si serviranno anche i “difensori delle donne” cinquecenteschi nei loro dialoghi e le trattatiste del Cinquecento e del Seicento. Rivolgendosi al suo antagonista ma a tutti gli uomini in generale l’autore del Trastullo sembra dunque proporre nel suo testo seppur in maniera giocosa, un modello differente di mascolinità.
Full text
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38 Daniele Cerrato / Università di Siviglia Estudios Románicos, Volumen 31, 2022, pp. 37-50 GLQRGHOVHVVRIHPPLQLOHHFRQIXWDDOFXQLGHLSUHJLXGL]LHGHOOHDFFXVHULYROWHDOOHGRQQH ,QWURGXFHWXWWDXQDVHULHGLDUJRPHQWLGLFXLVLVHUYLUDQQRDQFKHL³GLIHQVRULGHOOHGRQQH´ FLQTXHFHQWHVFKLQHLORURGLDORJKLHOHWUDWWDWLVWHGHO&LQTXHFHQWRHGHO6HLFHQWR5LYROJHQGRsi al suo antagonista ma a tutti gli uomini in generale l’autore del Trastullo sembra dunque SURSRUUHQHOVXRWHVWRVHSSXULQPDQLHUDJLRFRVDXQPRGHOORGLIIHUHQWHGLPDVFROLQLWj 3DUROHFKLDYH)DXVWLQR3HULVDXOL4XHUHOOHGHV)HPPHV,O7UDVWXOORGHOOHGRQQH¿ORJLQLDPDVFROLQLWj 1HOO¶DPELWRGHOOD4XHUHOOHGHV)HPPHVIl Trastullo delle donneGL)DXVWLQR3HULVDXOLGD 7UHGR]LRFRVWLWXLVFHFHUWDPHQWHXQXQLFXP8QSULPRHOHPHQWRGLSHFXOLDULWjqOHJDWRDJOL HOHPHQWLGLPLVWHURFKHDOHJJLDQRLQWRUQRDOO¶RSHUD1. L’assenza di manoscritti e la scarsità di QRWL]LHULJXDUGDQWLTXHVWRSRHPDLQRWWDYHSUREDELOPHQWHSHQVDWRSHUHVVHUHUHFLWDWRH poi trascritto in un secondo tempo e di cui oggi in Italia si annoverano solo quattro edizioni FLQTXHFHQWHVFKHSUHVHQWLQHOODELEOLRWHFD5LFFDUGLDQDGL)LUHQ]HQHOOD8QLYHUVLWDULDGL%RORJQDQHOOD7ULYXO]LDQDGL0LODQRHQHOOD6WDWDOHGL/XFFD2QHUHQGRQRGLI¿FLOHODFRQWHVWXDOL]- ]D]LRQHHODFROORFD]LRQHDOO¶LQWHUQRGHOODSURGX]LRQHGL)DXVWLQR3HULVDXOL,QROWUHOHSRFKH LQIRUPD]LRQLULJXDUGDQWLO¶DXWRUHQRQVRQRGLJUDQGHDLXWRSHUO¶DQDOLVLHVWXGLRGHOWHVWR1RQ VLKDQQRLQIDWWLFHUWH]]HVXOODGDWDGLQDVFLWDGL)DXVWLQRPHQWUHVXOOXRJR7UHGR]LRQHOO¶DWWXDOHSURYLQFLDGL)RUOu&HVHQDQRQVHPEUDQRHVVHUFLGXEELFRVuFRPHVXOODGDWDGHOODPRUWH GHOO¶DXWRUHFKHYLHQHLQGLFDWDQHOUHQGHQGRSODXVLELOHSHQVDUHFKHORVFULWWRUHYLVVH GXUDQWHODVHFRQGDPHWjGHOTXDWWURFHQWR$QFKHVXOVXRUHDOHQRPHVRUJRQRGXEELHYLHQH ULFRUGDWRRUDFRQLOQRPHGL)DXVWLQRRUD)DQWLQR3LHU3DXOR3LHU6DXOR3HULVDXOL3. $SURSRVLWRGHOODVXDIRUPD]LRQH$XOL]LRORFROOHJDDOFLUFRORULPLQHVHGL*LRYDQQL3DUFLWDGLSRHWDDWWLYRQHOODFRUWHGL8UELQRVXO¿QLUHGHO4XDWWURFHQWRPHQWUH9DVLQD ORLQVHULVFHQHOO¶DPELWRGHOODFRVLGGHWWD5RPDJQDWRVFDQDHGHOQXRYRXPDQHVLPR FULVWLDQRVXOODVFLDGL$PEURJLR7UDYHUVDULGL3RUWLFR 'HOOHVXHRSHUHLQYROJDUHHGLQODWLQRUHVWDQRYDULWLWROLHGXQVXRWHVWRLQSDUWLFRODUHLO De Triumpho Stultitiae,4qVWDWRRJJHWWRGLGLYHUVLVWXGLVRSUDWWXWWRDOODOXFHGLXQDSRVVLELOH /DULVFRSHUWDHORVWXGLRGHOOD¿JXUDGL)DXVWLQR3HULVDXOLHGHOODVXDRSHUDVRQROHJDWLVRSUDWWXWWRDJOLVWXGL realizzati nell’ambito dei congressi svoltisi negli ultimi decenni a Tredozio e poi pubblicati nei volumi Faustino Perisauli (Pier Paolo Fantino) e la cultura del RinascimentoFKHFRPSUHQGHLFRQWULEXWLGL$XJXVWR9DVLQD0DULR $QVHOPL/RUHGDQD&KLQHV*LRUJLR7DERJD(PLOLR3DVTXLQLHDalla Romagna all’Europa. L’umanesimo di Faustino da TredozioFKHFRPSUHQGHJOLLQWHUYHQWLGL/RUHQ]R$PDWR*LDQ0DULR$QVHOPL(QULFR3DVLQLH&ODXGLD*LXOLDQLD $)DXVWLQR3HULVDXOLHDOODVXDRSHUDVLVRQRLQROWUHJLjLQWHUHVVDWLWUDJOLDOWUL9LYLDQLH)DEEUL)DEEUL$XOL]LR,MVHZLMQH,MVHZLMQ-DFREV'H*UDHYH0DVFDQ]RQL*LXOLDQL9HUVDULH &DPDLRQL 3HUPDJJLRULLQIRUPD]LRQLHULIHULPHQWLVXDOWUHHGL]LRQLGHOTrastullo, come quella SUHVHQWHSUHVVROD%LEOLRWHFD&RORPELQDGL6LYLJOLDRODFRSLDYHQGXWDDGXQ¶DVWDORQGLQHVHGD&KULVWLHQHOVLULPDQGDD3DVTXLQLH *LXOLDQLE &RPHULFRUGD3DVTXLQLQHOOHVWDPSHFLQTXHFHQWHVFKHFRPSDUHRUDFRPH³3LHU6DXORGD7UDGRWLR´H ³3LHU3DXOR3KDQWLQRGD7UDGRWLR´6XOOHSRVVLELOLRULJLQLGHOQRPH3HULVDXOLVLULPDQGDD$PDWRLQSDUWLFRODUH DOODQRWDGLSDJLQD3HUTXDQWRULJXDUGDODGDWDGLFRPSRVL]LRQHGHOTrastullo in alcune stampe viene riportata la SRVVLELOHGDWDGLFRPSRVL]LRQH9HTXLQGLDQFKHODGDWDGLVWDPSDVDUjGDFROORFDUHSUHVVDSSRFRQHJOLVWHVVLDQQL 6XOOHUHOD]LRQLWUDLOWHVWRGL3HULVDXOLHTXHOORGL(UDVPRVLYHGDQRWUDJOLDOWUL6FDUSHOOLQLH3DVLQL
39 Il trastullo delle donne di Faustino Perisauli da Tredozio: un unicum nella Querelle des Femmes Estudios Románicos, Volumen 31, 2022, pp. 37-50 LQÀXHQ]DVXXQWHVWREHQSLQRWRFRPHLOLaus stultitiae di Erasmo da Rotterdam5. Sebbene QRQVLDEELDQRQRWL]LHFHUWHGLFRQWDWWLHVFDPELWUD)DXVWLQR3HULVDXOLHG(UDVPRQRQVL SXzHVFOXGHUHFKHTXHVW¶XOWLPRFKHVSHVVRIUHTXHQWDYDJOLDPELHQWLFXOWXUDOLLWDOLDQLDEELD avuto notizia del testo dell’autore romagnolo6. 5LFRVWUXLUHODFHUFKLDGLDPLFL]LHHIUHTXHQWD]LRQLGL)DXVWLQR3HULVDXOLqUHVRTXLQGL DQFRUDSLFRPSOLFDWRGDOO¶HYROX]LRQHGHOODVXDSURGX]LRQHFKHSDVVzGDOORVWLOHJROLDUGLFR HJLRFRVRFKHFDUDWWHUL]]DLOTrastullo ed altre opere coeve ad una scrittura di trattati in latiQRFKHSUREDELOPHQWHPLUDYDDUDJJLXQJHUHXQDOWURWLSRGLSXEEOLFRVRSUDWWXWWRGRSRFKH 3HULVDXOLLQWUDSUHVHODFDUULHUDUHOLJLRVD7. /DVFHOWDGLVWUXWWXUDUHODGLIHVDGHOOHGRQQHDI¿GDQGRVLDOODVDWLUDHDOO¶LURQLDUDSSUHVHQWD O¶HQQHVLPDSDUWLFRODULWjGHOWHVWRHGXQHOHPHQWRGLFXLIDUjXVRSDUWHGHOODWUDWWDWLVWLFDFLQTXHFHQWHVFDFKHLQWHUYHUUjQHOO¶DPELWRGHOOD4XHUHOOHGHV)HPPHVFRPHQHOFDVRGL/DQGRHGHLVXRL Paradossi3LFFRORPLQLHIl dialogo della bella creanza QRWRFRPHLa RaffaellaHFKH XWLOL]]HUDQQRQHLORURWHVWLDXWULFLFRPH$UFDQJHOD7DUDERWWL0RGHUDWD)RQWHH/XFUH]LD0DULQHOOL '¶DOWURQGHODYHQDFRPLFRVDWLULFDGL)DXVWLQR3HULVDXOLHPHUJH¿QGDOVXRDXWRULWUDWWRLQ ULPDLQFXLVLGHVFULYHFRPHPDJURGDTXLIRUVHLOQRPH)DQWLQRULIHUHQGRVLDOODFRUSRUDWXUD GHLIDQWLQLEDUEXWRGDOO¶DVSHWWRWUDVDQGDWRTXDVLPRULERQGRPDGRYHVRWWROLQHDGLHVVHUH VHPSUHSURQWRDGDQGDUHLQVRFFRUVRGHLSRYHULHGLFKLYLHQHFDOXQQLDWR Ognuno dice il Faustino par si magretto (OYDEDUEXWRFRPRXQEDUEDJLDQQL (FRPH&KULVWRPDLQRQPXWDSDQQL (OSDUHXQPRUWRVXVRXQFDWKDOHWWR &KLGLFHHOSDUTXDUHVPDQHOORDVSHWWR &KLGLFHLOSDUFROXLFKHIHFHJOLDQQL &KLGLFHLOSDULOSDGUHGHJOLDIIDQQL>«@ E sopra ogni altro male 4XHVWRLQWHUYLHQHDFKLQRQjSHFXQLD &K¶RJQLXQOLFHUFDGDUTXDOFKHFDOXQQLD8 $OGLOjGHOO¶LURQLDSUHVHQWHQHOODSURSULDGHVFUL]LRQH¿VLFDULVXOWDVLJQL¿FDWLYRFKHQHO VXRDXWRULWUDWWR)DXVWLQRVFHOJDGLUDSSUHVHQWDUVLSURQWRDVXSSRUWDUHLSRYHULHGLIHQGHUOLGD FKLOLDFFXVDLQJLXVWDPHQWH $QFKHQHOTrastullo ULEDGLUjLQIDWWLODVXDLQWHQ]LRQHGLULFRSULUHTXHVWRQRELOHUXROR GHFLGHQGRLQTXHVWRFDVRGLFRUUHUHLQDLXWRGHOJHQHUHIHPPLQLOHGLFKLDUDQGRVLGLIHQVRUH 5 Tra gli altri testi attribuiti a Faustino si segnalano ad esempio la barzelletta In lode della pecunia e Della malinconiaXQTestamento LQYHUVLRQHSDURGLFDO¶RSHUDLQODWLQRDe honestu appetitu HGDOWULFRPSRQLPHQWLPLQRUL3HU XQDUDVVHJQDGHWWDJOLDWDGHOOHRSHUHGL)DXVWLQRVLULPDQGDD$PDWRH*LXOLDQLE ,OWHVWRWUDGRWWRQHOGD*LDQQLQR)DEEULVDFHUGRWHGL7UHGR]LRKDSHUPHVVRGLULSRUWDUHO¶LQWHUHVVH LQWRUQRDOOD¿JXUDGL3HULVDXOLHKDGDWRLOYLDDGXQDVHULHGLVWXGLHGDSSURIRQGLPHQWLHDOO¶RUJDQL]]D]LRQHGHLJLjFLWDWL congressi tenutisi a Tredozio. 3HUTXDQWRULJXDUGDODSURGX]LRQHYROJDUHGL)DXVWLQR$PDWRQHVRWWROLQHDODVSHULPHQWD]LRQHIRUPDOHHO¶HVSUHVVLRQLVPRFKHFDUDWWHUL]]DVRSUDWWXWWRLOTrastullo. /¶DXWRULWUDWWRGL)DXVWLQRqSUHVHQWHQHOVRQHWWRFaustinus Terdoctius de se ipso FKHO¶DXWRUHIDVHJXLUHDOD Barzeleta in laude della pecunia,OWHVWRFRPSOHWRqFLWDWRWUDJOLDOWULGD$PDWR
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