Impactos medioambientales en la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía.

,03$&7260(',2$0%,(17$/(6(1/$&2081,'$' $87Ï120$'($1'$/8&Ë$ 07HUHVD$UpYDOR4XLMDGD 'HSDUWDPHQWRGH(FRQRPtD$SOLFDGD,,,8QLYHUVLGDGGH6HYLOODDUHYDOR#FLFDHV (VWHU*XWLpUUH]0R\D 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH2UJDQL]DFLyQ,QGXVWULDO\*HVWLyQGH(PSUHVDV8QLYHUVLGDGGH6HYLOOD HJP#SODWHURHXSXVHV 0LJXHO*XWLpUUH]0R\D 'HSDUWDPHQWRGH2UJDQL]DFLyQ,QGXVWULDO\*HVWLyQGH(PSUHVDV8QLYHUVLGDGGH6HYLOODPJXWL#HVLXVHV 5(680(1 /DFRQVHUYDFLyQGHOPHGLRDPELHQWHOOHYDDVRFLDGRXQDVHULHGHSUREOHPDVSDUDORVJRELHUQRV\ODVHPSUHVDV GHULYDGRVGHODVSUHVLRQHVOHJLVODWLYDV\GHOPHUFDGRWRGRHOORUHODFLRQDGRFRQHOUHVSHWRGHOHQWRUQRQDWXUDO &RPR FRQVHFXHQFLD VXUJHQ HPSUHVDV GHGLFDGDV DO VHUYLFLR PHGLRDPELHQWDO FUHiQGRVH XQ VHFWRU TXH DFWXDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDHQIDVHGHFUHFLPLHQWR (QHVWHWUDEDMRLQWHQWDPRVUHIOHMDUFXDOHVODVLWXDFLyQHQODTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQODVSURYLQFLDVGHOD&RPXQLGDG $XWyQRPDGH$QGDOXFtDHQHVWDPDWHULDPHGLDQWHODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHLQGLFDGRUHVTXHPLGDQODHILFLHQFLDFRQOD TXHDFW~DQFDGDXQDGHODVSURYLQFLDVHQODVGLVWLQWDViUHDVGHDFWLYLGDGPHGLRDPELHQWDO 3$/$%5$6&/$9(0HGLR$PELHQWH,QGLFDGRUHV0HGLRDPELHQWDOHV(YDOXDFLyQGH$FWLYLGDGHV7HRUtDGHOD 'HFLVLyQ ,QWURGXFFLyQ(OPHUFDGRPHGLRDPELHQWDOHQ(VSDxD $FWXDOPHQWHHOGHWHULRURGHOPHGLRDPELHQWH\ODSUHVHUYDFLyQGHORVHFRVLVWHPDVHVXQDGH ODVSULQFLSDOHVSUHRFXSDFLRQHVGHODVRFLHGDGSRUORTXHGHVGHKDFHXQRVDxRVVRQIUHFXHQWHV ODV DFWLWXGHV D IDYRU GH OD FRQVHUYDFLyQ HV GHFLU VXUJH OD QHFHVLGDG GH OD LQGXVWULD PHGLRDPELHQWDO(OPHGLRDPELHQWHHVXQDUHDOLGDGVRFLDOTXHLQIOX\HVREUHORVUHVSRQVDEOHV SROtWLFRV\ FRQWULEX\HDODDSUREDFLyQGHOH\HVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHVPiV H[LJHQWHV1DFHXQD GHPDQGD GH QXHYRV ELHQHV \ VHUYLFLRV PHGLRDPELHQWDOHV TXH LQFUHPHQWDQ HO PHUFDGR SRWHQFLDO GH ODV HPSUHVDV GHGLFDGDV D HVWH VHFWRU 3RU WRGR OR DQWHULRU OD LQGXVWULD PHGLRDPELHQWDOVHHQFXHQWUDPX\YLQFXODGDDORVJRELHUQRVGHORVSDtVHV6HKDGHFRQVLGHUDU DOPHGLRDPELHQWHQRFRPRXQDSROtWLFDVHFWRULDOVLQRFRPRXQLQVWUXPHQWRGHLQWHUYHQFLyQ KRUL]RQWDOXQDSROtWLFDTXHUHTXLHUHLQWHJUDUVHHLQWHUUHODFLRQDUVHFRQODVUHVWDQWHVSROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV \ HVSHFLDOPHQWH FRQ ORV SULQFLSDOHV VHFWRUHV HFRQyPLFRV TXH LQIOX\HQ VREUH HO HVWDGRGHORVUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHV /DFRQWLQXD JOREDOL]DFLyQGHODHFRQRPtDKDFHTXHODVHPSUHVDVFRPSLWDQHQXQPHUFDGR PXQGLDO (Q PXFKRV SDtVHV GHO PXQGR \ FRQFUHWDPHQWH HQ (VSDxD ODV HPSUHVDV PHGLRDPELHQWDOHV WRGDYtD VH HQFXHQWUDQ HQ XQD IDVH GH FUHFLPLHQWR /DV  H[SHFWDWLYDV GH FUHFLPLHQWRGHELHQHV\VHUYLFLRVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHVFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODVFDGDYH]PD\RUHV H[LJHQFLDVGHODQRUPDWLYDORFDOSURYLQFLDOQDFLRQDO\FRPXQLWDULDKDUiQPRGLILFDUHOSXQWR GHYLVWDHFROyJLFRGHPXFKDVHPSUHVDV (Q (VSDxD OD SROtWLFD PHGLRDPELHQWDO VH EDVD HQ OD OHJLVODFLyQ GH OD 8QLyQ (XURSHD (Q FXDQWRDVXUHVSRQVDELOLGDGQRVHHQFXHQWUDXQLILFDGD\DTXHWDQWRHO0LQLVWHULRGH0HGLR $PELHQWH FRPR HO 0LQLVWHULR GH $JULFXOWXUD H ,QGXVWULD \ (QHUJtD SRVHHQ LGpQWLFDV FRPSHWHQFLDV VHFWRULDOHV 6LQ HPEDUJR HV IXQFLyQ GH WRGDV ODV &RPXQLGDGHV $XWyQRPDV HVSDxRODVHOGHVDUUROOR\DSOLFDFLyQGHODQRUPDWLYD 7DQWRHOJRELHUQRQDFLRQDOFRPRORVJRELHUQRVDXWyQRPRVSRVHHQSURSLRVSODQHV\SURJUDPDV PHGLRDPELHQWDOHV (Q HO FDVR GH OD &RPXQLGDG $XWyQRPD GH $QGDOXFtD VH HQFXHQWUD GHVDUUROODGRHQHO3ODQGH0HGLR$PELHQWHHODERUDGRSRUOD&RQVHMHUtDGH 0HGLR$PELHQWH $VSHFWRV(VWUXFWXUDOHVGHOD,QGXVWULD0HGLRDPELHQWDO$QGDOX]D (QODLQGXVWULDPHGLRDPELHQWDOVHHQFXHQWUDQLQWHJUDGRVELHQHV\VHUYLFLRVGHFDUiFWHUPX\ GLYHUVRHQWUHORVTXHDSDUHFHQXQJUXSRGHELHQHV\VHUYLFLRVTXHVHXWLOL]DQDOILQDOGHORV SURFHVRVGHSURGXFFLyQUHGXFFLyQGHODFRQWDPLQDFLyQDF~VWLFDFRQWUROGHODFRQWDPLQDFLyQ HWF WDPELpQ H[LVWH XQ FRQMXQWR DPSOLR GH WHFQRORJtDV SDUD OD JHVWLyQ GH UHVLGXRV VX UHFXSHUDFLyQ\UHXWLOL]DFLyQDVtFRPRXQVHUYLFLRGHVHUYLFLRVDPELHQWDOHVDYDQ]DGRVFRPR VRQHOGLVHxRGHHTXLSRV\VLVWHPDVLQWHJUDGRVRWDPELpQHOiUHDGHGLFDGDDODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ &RQWRGRORH[SXHVWRDQWHULRUPHQWHGHILQLUTXpHVODLQGXVWULDPHGLRDPELHQWDOQRHVXQDWDUHD IiFLO\DTXHQRKD\DFXHUGRHQODGHOLPLWDFLyQGHORVOtPLWHVGHHVWDLQGXVWULD 6HJ~Q  OD 2&'( SRGUtD HQWHQGHUVH SRU LQGXVWULD PHGLRDPELHQWDO  DTXHOOD TXH ³SURGXFH ELHQHV\VHUYLFLRVSDUDPHGLUSUHYHQLUOLPLWDUPLQLPL]DURFRUUHJLUORVGDxRVDPELHQWDOHV TXHVHSURGXFHQDODJXDDLUH\VXHOR\WDPELpQORVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQORVUHVLGXRVHOUXLGR\ ORV HFRVLVWHPDV´ 7DPELpQ OD 'LUHFFLyQ *HQHUDO ,,, GH OD &RPLVLyQ GH OD 8QLyQ (XURSHD GHILQHODLQGXVWULDPHGLRDPELHQWDOFRPRHO³FRQMXQWRGHHPSUHVDVTXHSURGXFHQELHQHV\ VHUYLFLRVFDSDFHVGHPHGLULPSHGLUOLPLWDURFRUUHJLUODVDJUHVLRQHVRFDVLRQDGDVDOPHGLR DPELHQWHWDOHVFRPRODFRQWDPLQDFLyQGHODJXDGHODLUHRGHOVXHORDVtFRPRORVSUREOHPDV YLQFXODGRVD ORVUHVLGXRV\ DOUXLGR´$PEDVGHILQLFLRQHVVRQELHQVLPLODUHVOLPLWDQGROD LQGXVWULDPHGLRDPELHQWDODFLHUWDVDFWLYLGDGHV\VLHQGR³RSDFD´\DTXHQR VHYLVOXPEUDHQ HOODODJUDQ IXHQWHGHULTXH]D \ HPSOHRHQODTXHVHSRGUtDFRQYHUWLU(QGHILQLWLYDHVXQ PHUFDGRSRUGHVDUUROODU  'DWRVGHOD,QGXVWULD0HGLRDPELHQWDO$QGDOX]D (Q $QGDOXFtD VH KDQ UHJLVWUDGR HPSUHVDV TXH GHVDUUROODQ XQD R PiV ³DFWLYLGDGHV PHGLRDPELHQWDOHV´(VWDVHPSUHVDVIDFWXUDQHQWRUQRDORVPLOORQHVGHSHVHWDVDODxR \HPSOHDQDPiVGHWUDEDMDGRUHVVHJ~QGDWRVGHO,QVWLWXWRGH'HVDUUROOR5HJLRQDO 6yORHQODPLWDGGHODVHPSUHVDVSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDODLQGXVWULDPHGLRDPELHQWDOODDFWLYLGDG PHGLRDPELHQWDOVXSRQHHQWUHHO\HOGHVXDFWXDFLyQHVGHFLUH[LVWHRWUDV HPSUHVDVTXHRIUHFHQVHUYLFLRVQRPHGLRDPELHQWDOHVHQODPD\RUSDUWHGHVXDFWLYLGDG (Q HO GH ODV HPSUHVDV PHGLRDPELHQWDOHVHO HPSOHR PHGLRDPELHQWDODEVRUEH HQWUH HO \HOGHOHPSOHRWRWDOGHODVHPSUHVDV (Q XQ SRUFHQWDMH LPSRUWDQWH GH HPSUHVDV OD DFWLYLGDG PHGLRDPELHQWDO QR HV OD DFWLYLGDG SULQFLSDOVLQRXQDDFWLYLGDGVHFXQGDULDTXHVXUJHWUDVXQSURFHVRGHGLYHUVLILFDFLyQHQOD PD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVRXQDSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGD (VWHFRQMXQWRGHHPSUHVDVFRQILJXUDXQVHFWRULQGXVWULDO\GHVHUYLFLRVPX\KHWHURJpQHR\ GLYHUVLILFDGRTXHQRREVWDQWHSXHGHFDUDFWHUL]DUVHSRUFRPSDUWLUXQREMHWLYRFRP~QFDXVDU DOJ~QEHQHILFLRPHGLRDPELHQWDO /DGLVWULEXFLyQJHRJUiILFDGHODVHPSUHVDVGH%LHQHV\6HUYLFLRV0HGLRDPELHQWDOHV%60 HQHOWHUULWRULRDQGDOX]HVEDVWDQWHGHVHTXLOLEUDGDFRQXQDFRQFHQWUDFLyQHVSDFLDODFXVDGDHQ ODSURYLQFLDGH6HYLOODHOGHODVHPSUHVDV(QVHJXQGROXJDUDSDUHFH0iODJDHO\ +XHOYD HO  DXQTXH \D FRQ GLIHUHQFLDV LPSRUWDQWHV (Q HO UHVWR GH ODV SURYLQFLDV DQGDOX]DVHVWRVSRUFHQWDMHVQRVRQVXSHULRUHVDO )LJXUD'LVWULEXFLyQSRUFHQWXDOGHODVHPSUHVDVSRUSURYLQFLDV &RPSRVLFLyQSRUVHFWRUHVGHDFWXDFLyQ /DPD\RUtDGHODVHPSUHVDVGHGLFDGDVDO³VHUYLFLRPHGLRDPELHQWDO´SRVHHQIDFWRUHVTXHODV HQFXDGUDUtDQHQGLYHUVRVVHFWRUHV4XL]iVHVWDVHDODFDUDFWHUtVWLFDIXQGDPHQWDOGLYHUVLGDGGH iUHDVGHDFWXDFLyQ /D FODVLILFDFLyQ GH OD LQGXVWULD PHGLRDPELHQWDO DQGDOX]D VHJ~Q HO iUHD GH DFWXDFLyQ DPELHQWDOQRDWLHQGHDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODVHPSUHVDVRIHUHQWHVHQODFDGHQDGHYDORU VLQRVyORDOPHGLRTXHUHFLEHHOFRQMXQWRGHEHQHILFLRVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHVKDFLDORVFXDOHV RULHQWDVXDFFLyQFODVLILFDFLyQ³PXOWLPHGLR´ (VWDFODVLILFDFLyQGHVJORVDGLH]JUDQGHViUHDVGHDFWXDFLyQPHGLRDPELHQWDO 5HGXFFLyQGH(PLVLRQHV$WPRVIpULFDV5($ *HVWLyQGHO$JXD*$ *HVWLyQGH5HVLGXRV*5 /XFKD FRQWUD OD FRQWDPLQDFLyQ GH ODV DJXDV PDULQDV FRQWLQHQWDOHV VXSHUILFLDOHV \ GHO VXHOR/& 3UHYHQFLyQ HOLPLQDFLyQ \ WUDWDPLHQWR GHO UXLGR FRQWURO \ UHGXFFLyQ GH ODV HPLVLRQHV 75 3URWHFFLyQGHO0HGLR1DWXUDO301 $KRUUR\(ILFLHQFLD(QHUJpWLFD(QHUJtDV5HQRYDEOHV$(( $FWLYLGDGHVGH&RQVXOWRUtD$PELHQWDO$&$ ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\'HVDUUROOR,' (GXFDFLyQIRUPDFLyQHLQIRUPDFLyQ(), +D\ TXHGHVWDFDUTXHQRHVSRVLEOHUHDOL]DUXQDFODVLILFDFLyQH[FOX\HQWH\DTXHGHKHFKR PXFKDV HPSUHVDV QR VH HVSHFLDOL]DQ HQ XQ³ PHGLR´ R iUHD GH DFWXDFLyQ PHGLRDPELHQWDO HVSHFtILFDVLQRTXHGHVHPSHxDQVXDFWLYLGDGHQP~OWLSOHViPELWRVDJXDHQHUJtDUHVLGXRV VXHORHWF$VtXQDGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHOVHFWRUHQ$QGDOXFtDHVTXHOD ³LQWHUYHQFLyQ PXOWLPHGLR´ VH UHDOL]D SRU OD PD\RUSDUWH GHODVXQLGDGHVHPSUHVDULDOHV GHO VHFWRU VLHQGR SRU WDQWR OD HVSHFLDOL]DFLyQ GHVGH HVWD SHUVSHFWLYD GpELO HQ WpUPLQRV JHQHUDOHV 6HYLOOD  0iODJD  -DpQ  +XHOYD  *UDQDGD  &yUGRED  &iGL]  $OPHUtD   $QiOLVLV&XDQWLWDWLYRGHO,PSDFWR0HGLRDPELHQWDOHQOD&RPXQLGDG$QGDOX]D (QXQLQWHQWRGHUHIOHMDUFXDOHVHOHVWDGRGHODVSURYLQFLDVDQGDOX]DVHQPDWHULDGHFDOLGDG PHGLRDPELHQWDO \ FRQRFHU HO PHUFDGR SRWHQFLDO TXH VH DEUH DO VHFWRU PHGLRDPELHQWDO DQGDOX] VH OOHYD D FDER XQ DQiOLVLV FXDQWLWDWLYR 3DUD HOOR VH KDQ FRQVWUXLGR LQGLFDGRUHV PHGLRDPELHQWDOHVTXHPLGHQODHILFLHQFLDFRQODTXHDFW~DQFDGDXQDGHODVSURYLQFLDVHQODV GLVWLQWDViUHDVGHDFWLYLGDGPHGLRDPELHQWDO(VWRVLQGLFDGRUHVWDPELpQQRVYDQDVXPLQLVWUDU LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH OD SUHVHQFLD GH LQGXVWULD PHGLRDPELHQWDO HQ GLFKDV SURYLQFLDV 6H FRQVWDWDQ FXDWUR VXEVHFWRUHV HQ $QGDOXFtD HQ ORV TXH ODV HPSUHVDV PHGLRDPELHQWDOHV GHVDUUROODQVXDFWXDFLyQSUHIHUHQWHPHQWHeVWRVVRQ *HVWLyQGHO$JXD *HVWLyQGH5HVLGXRV $KRUUR\(ILFLHQFLD(QHUJpWLFD(QHUJtDV5HQRYDEOHV $FWLYLGDGHVGH&RQVXOWRUtD$PELHQWDO /RV GLVWLQWRV UDWLRV FRQVWUXLGRV SHUWHQHFHQ D  ODV iUHDV GH *HVWLyQ GHO $JXD WUHV UDWLRV *HVWLyQGH5HVLGXRVGRVUDWLRV\$KRUUR\(ILFLHQFLD(QHUJpWLFD(QHUJtDV5HQRYDEOHVGRV UDWLRV5HVSHFWR DOiUHD GH &RQVXOWRUtD0HGLRDPELHQWDOQRH[LVWHQPDJQLWXGHVDSURSLDGDV TXHQRVSHUPLWDQHYDOXDUVXLPSDFWRPHGLRDPELHQWDO$XQTXHORVUDWLRVGHILQLGRVQRVRQORV TXHSXHGHQGHVFULELUPiVFRPSOHWDPHQWHODVLWXDFLyQHQPDWHULDPHGLRDPELHQWDODQGDOX]D VRQORVTXHKHPRVSRGLGRHODERUDUFRQORVGDWRVGLVSRQLEOHV$VtGHILQLPRV  ,QGLFDGRUHVSDUD*HVWLyQGHO$JXD (Q PDWHULD GH DEDVWHFLPLHQWR GH DJXD HO 3ODQ GH ,QIUDHVWUXFWXUDV GH $QGDOXFtD  ±  SUHWHQGH JDUDQWL]DU HQ FDOLGDG \ FDQWLGDG HO DEDVWHFLPLHQWR PHGLDQWH VLVWHPDV VXSUDPXQLFLSDOHVSDUDHOGHODSREODFLyQHQHOKRUL]RQWHGH\SDUDODWRWDOLGDGGHOD SREODFLyQHQHO 6HJ~QHO3ODQGH0HGLR$PELHQWHGH$QGDOXFtDODVLWXDFLyQHQPDWHULDGHDEDVWHFLPLHQWRGH DJXDSXHGHVHUFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRGHILFLHQWHRPX\GHILFLHQWHSDUDHOGHODSREODFLyQ DQGDOX]D /DV GHILFLHQFLDV DIHFWDQ HVSHFLDOPHQWH DODV ORFDOLGDGHV PiV SHTXHxDV /D LQFLGHQFLD GH ODV FRQGXFFLRQHV GH DJXD VXVFHSWLEOHV GH FRQWDPLQDFLyQ DIHFWD DO  GH SREODFLyQ DQGDOX]D VLHQGR PD\RUODSUREOHPiWLFDHQ ODV SREODFLRQHVGH PHQRVGH KDELWDQWHV /RV LQGLFDGRUHV FRQVWUXLGRV SDUD FDGD XQD GH ODV SURYLQFLDV DQGDOX]DV VRQ ORV VLJXLHQWHV &RQGXFFLyQVXVFHSWLEOHGHFRQWDPLQDFLyQ&21'8&& SURYLQFLD OD GH WRWDO KDELWDQWHV 1 LyQ FRQWDPLQDF GH HV VXVFHSWLEO DJXD GH HV FRQGXFFLRQ SRU DIHFWDGRV KDELWDQWHV 1  5HGGHGLVWULEXFLyQHQPDOHVWDGR5(' SURYLQFLD OD GH WRWDO KDELWDQWHV 1 H[LVWHQWH QR R HVWDGR PDO HQ yQ GLVWULEXFL GH UHG SRU DIHFWDGRV KDELWDQWHV 1  (VWDGRGHODUHGGHGHSXUDGRUDV'(385$' SURYLQFLD OD GH WRWDO V GHSXUDGRUD 1 WH FRUUHFWDPQ IXQFLRQDQ QR TXH V GHSXUDGRUD 1   ,QGLFDGRUHVSDUD*HVWLyQGH5HVLGXRV7y[LFRV\3HOLJURVRV /D GLVWULEXFLyQ JHRJUiILFD GH OD SURGXFFLyQ GH UHVLGXRV Wy[LFRV \ SHOLJURVRV HVWi tQWLPDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGD FRQ OD LPSODQWDFLyQ LQGXVWULDO 0iV GHO  GH OD SURGXFFLyQ GHFODUDGD GHUHVLGXRVWy[LFRV\SHOLJURVRVVHFRQFHQWUDHQODVSURYLQFLDVGRQGHVHXELFDQORV JUDQGHVQ~FOHRVLQGXVWULDOHV&iGL]¶7PDxR+XHOYD¶7PDxR\6HYLOOD  7PDxR 6H GLVWLQJXHQ SHTXHxRV \ JUDQGHV SURGXFWRUHV GH UHVLGXRV Wy[LFRV \ SHOLJURVRVFRQVLGHUiQGRVH³SHTXHxRSURGXFWRU´DTXHOTXHHPLWHPHQRVGH7PDODxRQR HVWDQGRREOLJDGRDSUHVHQWDUODGHFODUDFLyQDQXDO\³JUDQSURGXFWRU´DOUHVWR(Q$QGDOXFtD GXUDQWH HO SHULRGR  VH UHJLVWUDURQ  FHQWURV GH ³JUDQGHV SURGXFWRUHV´ \  ³SHTXHxRVSURGXFWRUHV´VXPDQGRDPERVVHREWLHQHXQDSURGXFFLyQGH¶7PDxR 6HJ~QODUHODFLyQGHJUXSRVGHDFWLYLGDGHVTXHSXHGHQJHQHUDUUHVLGXRVWy[LFRV\SHOLJURVRV HQXPHUDGRVHQOD7DEODGHO5'GHGHMXOLRTXHVHDSUXHEDHQHO5HJODPHQWR GH5HVLGXRV7y[LFRV\3HOLJURVRVODSURGXFFLyQGHUHVLGXRVWy[LFRV\SHOLJURVRVPiVHOHYDGD FRUUHVSRQGH HQ SULPHU OXJDU D OD DFWLYLGDG HQHUJpWLFD HQ  VHJXQGR OXJDU D OD LQGXVWULD PHWDO~UJLFD\HQWHUFHUOXJDUDODLQGXVWULDTXtPLFDHVSRUHOORSRUORTXHVHKDQHOHJLGRHVWRV VHFWRUHVFRPRLQGLFDGRUHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRVGHODJHVWLyQGHUHVLGXRVWy[LFRV\SHOLJURVRV (QHUJtD SURYLQFLD OD GH 573V SURGXFFLyQ 7RWDO SURYLQFLD OD GH 7PDxR HQHUJpWLFR VHFWRU GHO SURFHGHQWH 573V GH 3URGXFFLyQ  0HWDOXUJLD\FRQVWUXFFLyQPHFiQLFDHOpFWULFD\HOHFWUyQLFD0(7$/85* SURYLQFLD OD GH 573V SURGXFFLyQ 7RWDO SURYLQFLD OD GH 7PDxR R PHWDO~UJLF VHFWRU GHO V SURFHGHQWH 573V GH 3URGXFFLyQ  ,QGXVWULDTXtPLFD48,0,&2 SURYLQFLD OD GH 573V SURGXFFLyQ 7RWDO SURYLQFLD OD GH 7PDxR TXtPLFR VHFWRU GHO V SURFHGHQWH 573V GH 3URGXFFLyQ  5HVWRGHJUXSRGHDFWLYLGDGHVTXHJHQHUDQUHVLGXRVWy[LFRV\SHOLJURVRV SURYLQFLD OD GH 573V SURGXFFLyQ 7RWDO SURYLQFLD OD GH PDxR VHFWRUHV7 GH UHVWR GHO V SURFHGHQWH 573V GH 3URGXFFLyQ   ,QGLFDGRUHVSDUD$KRUUR\(ILFLHQFLD(QHUJpWLFD(QHUJtDV5HQRYDEOHV (VXQKHFKRGHVWDFDEOHHQ$QGDOXFtDODSUHVHQFLDFDGDYH]PD\RUGHXQJUXSRGHIXHQWHV UHQRYDEOHVFRQVWLWXLGRSRUHyOLFDVRODUIRWRYROWDLFD\VRODUWpUPLFDVLHQGRVXSDUWLFLSDFLyQ HQ HO WRWDO GH UHQRYDEOHV VHQVLEOHPHQWH VXSHULRU D OD GHO iPELWR QDFLRQDO (Q OD UHJLyQ DQGDOX]D H[LVWHQDEXQGDQWHVUHFXUVRV WDQWRGH HQHUJtDHyOLFD FRPR GH HQHUJtD VRODUFX\R DSURYHFKDPLHQWRVHHVWiGHVDUUROODQGRFRQLQWHQVLGDG $QGDOXFtD RFXSD HO SULPHU OXJDU HQ (VSDxD HQ OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GH HQHUJtD VRODU WpUPLFD /D &RQVHMHUtD GH 2EUDV 3~EOLFDV \ 7UDQVSRUWHV UHDOL]y HQ GHVDUUROOR GHO 3URJUDPD GH 6XEYHQFLRQHVSDUDOD5HKDELOLWDFLyQ\0HMRUDGHOD9LYLHQGD5XUDOGXUDQWHHO$xRXQD FRQYRFDWRULD SDUD OD FRQFHVLyQ GH VXEYHQFLRQHV D ORV $\XQWDPLHQWRV GHVWLQDGDV D OD UHKDELOLWDFLyQGHODYLYLHQGDUXUDOHQORFDOL]DFLyQDLVODGDPHGLDQWHHQHUJtDVRODUWpUPLFD /DVVXEYHQFLRQHVVHKDQGLULJLGRDODILQDQFLDFLyQHQXQGHLQVWDODFLRQHVHOpFWULFDV\ GHDEDVWHFLPLHQWRGHDJXDHQHOWLSRGHYLYLHQGDVHxDODGR /RV LQGLFDGRUHV FRQVWUXLGRV SDUD HO  $KRUUR \ (ILFLHQFLD (QHUJpWLFD SDUD FDGD SURYLQFLD DQGDOX]DVRQORVVLJXLHQWHV ,QVWDODFLRQHV(OpFWULFDV LQVWDJXD H U LQVWHOHFW HV VXEYHQFLRQ FRQFHGH OH VH TXH ODV D SURYLQFLD OD GH UXUDOHV YLYLHQGDV 7RWDO 1 HOpFWULFDV QHV LQVWDODFLR SDUD HV VXEYHQFLRQ FRQFHGH VH TXH ODV D SURYLQFLD OD GH UXUDOHV V YLYLHQGD 1  ,QVWDODFLRQHVGH$JXD LQVWDJXD H U LQVWHOHFW HV VXEYHQFLRQ FRQFHGH OH VH TXH ODV D SURYLQFLD OD GH UXUDOHV YLYLHQGDV 7RWDO 1 DJXD GH QHV LQVWDODFLR SDUD HV VXEYHQFLRQ FRQFHGH VH TXH ODV D SURYLQFLD OD GH UXUDOHV YLYLHQGDV GH 1  &RQ WRGRV HVWRV LQGLFDGRUHV \ ODV YDORUDFLRQHV GH ORV PLVPRV SDUD FDGD SURYLQFLD VH FRQVWUX\HXQDPDWUL]GHGDWRVTXHVHSUHVHQWDHQODWDEOD &RQGXFF 5HG'LVW 5HG'HS (QHUJpWLFR 4XtPLFR 0HWDO~UJLF ,QVW(OHFW ,QVW$JXD5HVW6HFW $/0(5Ë$         &È',=         &Ï5'2%$         *5$1$'$         +8(/9$         -$e1         0È/$*$          6(9,//$         7DEOD0DWUL]GHGDWRV)XHQWH0HGLR$PELHQWHHQ$QGDOXFtD,QIRUPH(ODERUDFLyQ3URSLD 8WLOL]DQGR OD DSOLFDFLyQ LQIRUPiWLFD GHQRPLQDGD (;3(57 &+2,&( DVRFLDGD DO SURFHGLPLHQWRGHGHFLVLyQP~OWLSOH³3URFHVR$QDOtWLFR-HUiUTXLFR´$+3GHVDUUROODGRSRU 6DDW\KHPRVREWHQLGRODVLJXLHQWHRUGHQDFLyQSDUDODVSURYLQFLDVDQGDOX]DV /D ILJXUD   PXHVWUD OD RUGHQDFLyQ GH ODVSURYLQFLDVDQGDOX]DV \  VXDSRUWDFLyQ DOPHGLR DPELHQWHHQHOVHQWLGRGHGHVFRQWDPLQDFLyQHQOD&RPXQLGDG$XWyQRPD$QGDOX]DFROXPQD GHUHFKD HQ IXQFLyQ GH ORV LQGLFDGRUHV GHILQLGRV \ GHO SHVR GH LPSRUWDQFLD FROXPQD L]TXLHUGD DVRFLDGR D FDGD iUHD /D GRWDFLyQ GHO QLYHO GH LPSRUWDQFLD  GH FDGD iUHD HV LGpQWLFDJHVWLyQGHODJXD JHVWLyQGHUHVLGXRVWy[LFRV\ SHOLJURVRVDKRUUR\ HILFLHQFLD HQHUJpWLFD  6LHQGR OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH FDGD UDWLR GH JHVWLyQ GH UHVLGXRV Wy[LFRV\SHOLJURVRVSURSRUFLRQDODODSURGXFFLyQGHUHVLGXR$VtSRGHPRVREVHUYDUTXHOD SURYLQFLDTXHFRQWULEX\HDODFRQWDPLQDFLyQHQPHQRUJUDGRHV&yUGRED\ODTXH PiVSHUMXGLFDDOPHGLRDPELHQWHHQ$QGDOXFtD*UDQDGD )LJXUD'HVFULSFLyQGHSHVRVDORVLQGLFDGRUHVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHV\RUGHQDFLyQGHODVSURYLQFLDV $FRQWLQXDFLyQVHDQDOL]DQORVLQGLFDGRUHVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHVPiVVLJQLILFDWLYRVSRUiUHDGH DFWXDFLyQFRPSDUiQGRVHGRVDGRVHQXQSODQRELGLPHQVLRQDO &RQGXFFLyQVXVFHSWLEOHGHFRQWDPLQDFLyQYV(VWDGRGHODUHGGHGHS XUDGRUDV+XHOYD HV OD SURYLQFLD TXH PiV FRQWULEX\H D OD FRQVHUYDFLyQ GHO PHGLR DPELHQWH \D TXH HO Q~PHUR GH GHSXUDGRUDV TXH IXQFLRQDQ FRUUHFWDPHQWH  HV VXSHULRU DO UHVWR GH ODV SURYLQFLDVDQGDOX]DV5HVSHFWRDODFRQGXFFLyQGHODJXDHVWiHQXQRVGHORV QLYHOHVPiV EDMRV GH OD FRPXQLGDG *UDQDGD \ -DpQ RVWHQWDQ SRVLFLRQHV SDUHFLGDV HQ ORV GRV LQGLFDGRUHVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHVFRQVLGHUDGRV0iODJDHVODSURYLQFLDTXHVXPLQLVWUDDJXD DVXVKDELWDQWHVHQPHMRUHVFRQGLFLRQHVVHJXLGDGH$OPHUtD\&iGL]VLHQGRSRURWURODGR GHVIDYRUDEOHODVLWXDFLyQGHVXVGHSXUDGRUDV )LJXUD&RPSDUDFLyQGHORVLQGLFDGRUHVGHFRQGXFFLyQGHDJXDVXVFHSWLEOHGHFRQWDPLQDFLyQ\HOHVWDGRGHOD UHGGHGHSXUDGRUDVHQODVSURYLQFLDV 6HFWRU(QHUJpWLFRYV6HFWRU4XtPLFR(OVHFWRU HQHUJpWLFRGH$OPHUtDHVHOTXHPHQRV FRQWDPLQDQRRFXUULHQGRORPLVPRVLQHPEDUJRFRQVXVHFWRUTXtPLFR-DpQRVWHQWDXQRV EXHQRV QLYHOHV GH QRFRQWDPLQDFLyQ  HQ DPERV LQGLFDGRUHV&iGL]HV OD SURYLQFLDFRQ PD\RU³SRGHUFRQWDPLQDGRU´PX\VHJXLGDSRU+XHOYD )LJXUD&RPSDUDFLyQGHODSURGXFFLyQGHUHVLGXRVWy[LFRV\SHOLJURVRVGHVGHHOVHFWRUHQHUJtD\TXtPLFRHQ ODVFRPXQLGDGHVDQGDOX]DV ,QVWDODFLRQHV (OpFWULFDV YV ,QVWDODFLRQHV GH $JXD HQ OD UHJLyQ DQGDOX]D H[LVWHQ DEXQGDQWHVUHFXUVRVWDQWRGHHQHUJtDHyOLFDFRPRGHHQHUJtDVRODUFX\RDSURYHFKDPLHQWR VHHVWiGHVDUUROODQGRFRQLQWHQVLGDGDWUDYpVGHO3ODQ(QHUJpWLFRSDUD$QGDOXFtD 3/($1&yUGREDHVODSURYLQFLDGRQGHFRQGLIHUHQFLDVHKDQVXEYHQFLRQDGRXQ PD\RU Q~PHUR GH YLYLHQGDV UXUDOHV SDUD PHMRUD GH LQVWDODFLRQHV HOpFWULFDV \ GH DJXD 0iODJD\ $OPHUtDVRQSURYLQFLDVPX\ELHQSRQGHUDGDVFXDGUDQWHLQIHULRUGHUHFKRHQ FXDQWRDOQ~PHURGHYLYLHQGDVTXHKDQVROLFLWDGRVXEYHQFLyQSRULQVWDODFLyQHOpFWULFDQR VLHQGR SURYLQFLDV IDYRUHFLGDV SRU HO Q~PHUR GH PHMRUDV HQ LQVWDODFLRQHV GH DJXD  SRU YLYLHQGD &iGL] +XHOYD -DpQ\ 6HYLOODSHUWHQHFHQD XQ PLVPRJUXSR GH DFWXDFLyQHQ FXDQWRDLQVWDODFLRQHVHOpFWULFDVVHUHILHUH )LJXUD&RPSDUDFLyQGHORVLQGLFDGRUHVGHDKRUUR\HILFLHQFLDHQHUJpWLFDHQHOPHUFDGRDQGDOX] &RQFOXVLRQHV 3DUDILQDOL]DUHVWHDQiOLVLVGHOPHUFDGRPHGLRDPELHQWDODQGDOX]HVQHFHVDULRUHIOHMDUHOJUDQ LPSDFWR KDFLD HO HFRVLVWHPD TXH HMHUFHQ DOJXQDV SURYLQFLDV IUHQWH DO UHVWR GH SURYLQFLDV DQGDOX]DV 7DO HV HO FDVR GH *UDQDGD \ 6HYLOOD GRQGH OD SODQLILFDFLyQ \ JHVWLyQ PHGLR DPELHQWDOGHELHUDLQFUHPHQWDUVHWDQWRSRUSDUWHGHODVHPSUHVDVHPLVRUDVFRPRSRUODVTXH RIUHFHQELHQHV\VHUYLFLRVDOPHGLRDPELHQWH7DPELpQPHQFLRQDUTXH&yUGRED$OPHUtD\ 0iODJD VRQ ODV SURYLQFLDV GH OD &RPXQLGDG $XWyQRPD GH $QGDOXFtD TXH PHQRU GDxR SURYRFDQDOPHGLRDPELHQWH (OVHFWRULQGXVWULDOGHOPHGLRDPELHQWHWLHQHFDUiFWHUH[SDQVLYRFDUDFWHUtVWLFDSURSLDGHXQ VHFWRUMRYHQHQYtDVGHPDGXUDFLyQ+D\XQLPSRUWDQWHPHUFDGRSRWHQFLDOSDUDODVXQLGDGHV IXWXUDVRH[LVWHQWHVLQWHJUDQWHVGHOVHFWRUGHODLQGXVWULDPHGLRDPELHQWDODQGDOX] /DV iUHDVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHVSRVHHQ FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPX\ VLPLODUHVVLELHQVH HQFXHQWUDQHQ GLIHUHQWHVIDVHVGHVXSURFHVRGHFUHFLPLHQWR/D OHJLVODFLyQHVODSULQFLSDOIXHU]DLPSXOVRUD GHODLQGXVWULDPHGLRDPELHQWDO\DTXHHVODTXHIDFLOLWDRUHVWULQJHHOFDPSRGHDFWXDFLyQGH ODV PLVPDV /DV YHQWDMDV GH XQD OHJLVODFLyQ H[LJHQWH QR VyOR VH SRQHQ GH PDQLILHVWR HQ PHQRUHVLPSDFWRVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHVVLQRTXHDGHPiVVHSURPXHYHHOGHVDUUROORGHLQGXVWULDV PiVFRPSHWLWLYDV\HOFUHFLPLHQWR %LEOLRJUDItD %DOOHVWHUR(³0HWRGRORJtD0XOWLFULWHULRHQODV'HFLVLRQHV(PSUHVDULDOHV´ %DQFD\ )LQDQ]DVQ6HSWLHPEUHSS %DUED 6 ³/D GHFLVLyQ PXOWLFULWHULR HQ HO DQiOLVLV \ OD JHVWLyQ GH ORV UHFXUVRV QDWXUDOHV´HQ$]TXHWD'\)HUUHLUR$HGV$QiOLVLV\*HVWLyQGHORV5HFXUVRV1DWXUDOHV $OLDQ]D0DGULG %HOWRQ9³2QD6KRUWFRPLQJRI6DDW\V0HWKRG RI$QDO\WLF+LHUDUFKLHV´2PHJD YROSS %ULJJV 7K ³1XFOHDU ZDVWH PDQDJHPHQW DQ DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH PXOWLFULWHULD 3520(7+((PHWKRGV´(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI2SHUDWLRQDO5HVHDUFKYROQ &RKRQ -/ ³0XOWLFULWHULR 2SWLPL]DWLRQ LQUHVRXUFHV 3ODQQLQJ´ HQ67$'/(5: HG 0XOWLFULWHULR 2SWLPL]DWLRQ LQ (QJLQHHULQJ DQG LQ WKH 6FLHQFHV 3OHQXP 3UHVV 1HZ <RUNSS &RQVHMHUtDGH(FRQRPtD\+DFLHQGD 3ODQ(QHUJpWLFRGH$QGDOXFtD-XQWD GH$QGDOXFtD &RQVHMHUtDGH0HGLR$PELHQWH3ODQGH0HGLR$PELHQWHGH$QGDOXFtD ±  -XQWDGH$QGDOXFtD &RQVHMHUtDGH0HGLR$PELHQWH0HGLR$PELHQWHHQ$QGDOXFtD,QIRUPH -XQWD GH$QGDOXFtD &RQVHMHUtDGH2EUDV3~EOLFDV\ 7UDQVSRUWHV 3ODQ GH ,QIUDHVWUXFWXUDV GH $QGDOXFtD -XQWDGH$QGDOXFtD 5RPiQ&0HGLR$PELHQWH\'HVDUUROOR5HJLRQDO/DFRQWULEXFLyQGHOD,QGXVWULDGH %LHQHV \ 6HUYLFLRV DO 'HVDUUROOR 5HJLRQDO ,QVWLWXWR GH 'HVDUUROOR 5HJLRQDO &RQVHMHUtD GH 0HGLR$PELHQWH-XQWDGH$QGDOXFtD 6DDW\7/³+RZWR0DNHD'HFLVLRQ7KH$QDO\WLF+LHUDUFK\3URFHVV´(XURSHDQ -RXUQDORI2SHUDWLRQDO5HVHDUFKYROQSS