"Última stesura" de Francesca Duranti : una mise en abyme entre escritura y biografía
Full text
³ÒOWLPDVWHVXUD´GH)UDQFHVFD'XUDQWLXQDPLVHHQDE\PHHQWUHHVFULWXUD\ELRJUDItD &$527(1872&DUOD )UDQFHVFD 'XUDQWL GHEXWy HQ HO WHUUHQR OLWHUDULR FRQ OD QRYHOD DXWRELRJUiILFD /D %DPELQD FRQVROLGiQGRVHFRQ/D FDVD VXO ODJR GHOOD OXQDDODTXHVLJXLHURQPXFKDVRWUDV REUDV$OSULQFLSLRHOLQWHUpVGHODDXWRUDVHFHQWUDHQODVSUREOHPiWLFDVH[LVWHQFLDOHVHQSDUWLFXODU GHQDWXUDOH]DIHPHQLQDFRPRHQ/D %DPELQD\HQ3LD]]DPLDEHOODSLD]]D HQXQVHJXQGR PRPHQWRVHLQFOLQDKDFLDODFRQVWUXFFLyQILFFLRQDOGHOWH[WRFIU/DFDVDVXOODJRGHOODOXQD SDUD FHQWUDUVH GHVSXpV HQ DOJXQRV FDVRV HQ OD FRPELQDFLyQ GH ORV GRV FRPSRQHQWHV (Q (IIHWWL SHUVRQDOL\8OWLPDVWHVXUDSRUHMHPSORODVYLYHQFLDVGHORVSHUVRQDMHVVRQQDUUDGDV PHGLDQWHXQDHVWUXFWXUDGLHJpWLFDPiVFRPSOHMDUHVSHFWRDODVSULPHUDVQRYHODV(QDPERVOLEURVHO SURWDJRQLVWDHVXQDPXMHUTXHLQWHQWDUHFXSHUDUVXSURSLDDXWRQRPtD\UHVWDEOHFHUHOHTXLOLEULRHQWUH OD YLGD SULYDGD \ ODDFWLYLGDGSURIHVLRQDO (VWHUHFRUULGRHVUHFRQVWUXLGRGLUHFWDPHQWHSRUODSURWDJRQLVWDHVFULWRUDHQ8OWLPD VWHVXUD (QHOLQWHQWRGH³VXSHUDUODFRQWUDGLFFLyQIXQGDPHQWDO´0DUtD7HRGRUDGHYXHOWDGHIUDFDVRV PDWULPRQLDOHVVHSUHJXQWDVREUHODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQD³OtQHDPHGLD´TXHSXHGDFRQFLOLDUORVGRV DVSHFWRVGHORUHDOHVFULELU\YLYLU <RQRWHQJRXQVHJXQGRWUDEDMRRILFLDOSHURFLHUWDPHQWHWHQJRXQDVHJXQGDFDUDXQDWHUFHUDH LQFOXVRDOJXQDRWUDWRGDVEDVWDQWHDXWpQWLFDV0HVLUYHQSDUDVXSHUDUODFRQWUDGLFFLyQIXQGDPHQWDOGH ODTXHQRVHSXHGHKXLUFRPRPXFKRVHVSHUDQHYLWDQGRHODOHMDUVHGHPDVLDGR\DVHDGHXQRXRWUR H[WUHPRGHODDQWtWHVLVHVGHFLUSHUPDQHFLHQGRHQHOPHGLR 1RHVSRVLEOH/DOtQHDPHGLDHQWUHGRVRSXHVWRVFXDOTXLHUDQRHVXQOXJDUGRQGHVH SXHGH SHUPDQHFHU 6H SXHGH DWUDYHVDU UiSLGDPHQWH >@ SHUR QRWH SXHGHV LQVWDODU DOOt SDUD VLHPSUH(VWDUtDELHQSHURQLQJXQRSXHGH<HQWRQFHVGHVGHHOPRPHQWRTXHQRVHSXHGH 1LVyORHVFULELU 1LVyORYLYLU 1LSHUPDQHFHUDPHGLRFDPLQRHQWUHHVFULELURYLYLU¢TXpVHSXHGHKDFHU" 1RTXHGDPiVTXHSURGXFLUHFWRSODVPDVHQIRUPDGHVRVtDTXHVHVXPHUJHQHQODDYHQWXUDGH OD YLGD SDUD REWHQHU HO DOLPHQWR QHFHVDULR SRQLHQGR HQ PRYLPLHQWR OD PiTXLQD GH OD PLVWLILFDFLyQFRQODJDVROLQDGHODYHUGDG /DKLVWRULDGH0DUtD7HRGRUDSUHVHQWDDOJXQDVVHPHMDQ]DVFRQODELRJUDItDGH)UDQFHVFD'XUDQWLREOLJDGDD URPSHUVXXQLyQFRQ\XJDOSDUDGHGLFDUVHDODHVFULWXUD6LJQLILFDWLYDVVRQODVUHIHUHQFLDVDODVREUDVHVFULWDVSRU ODSURWDJRQLVWDGH8OWLPDVWHVXUD(OSULPHUOLEURGH7HRGRUDUHPLWHD/D%DPELQDGH'XUDQWLRWUDQRYHOD7KH *HUPDQLVW VH UHODFLRQD FRQ /D FDVD VXO ODJR GHOOD OXQD GH OD PLVPD DXWRUD FX\R WtWXOR RULJLQDULR HUD ,O JHUPDQLVWDHOp[LWRFRQVHJXLGRSRUORVRWURVVHLVWH[WRVGH7HRGRUDSUHPLDGRV\WUDGXFLGRVUHFXHUGDODIDPD DOFDQ]DGDSRUODVQRYHODVGH'XUDQWL(OQRPEUHFRPSOHWR0DUtD7HRGRUDUHSURGXFHHOFRPSXHVWRGHODDXWRUD GH8OWLPDVWHVXUD0DUtD)UDQFHVFDVREUHHOTXHVHIRUPDQORVQRPEUHVGHRWURVSHUVRQDMHVFRPR0DUtD*LXOLD GHOUHODWR/D0LODQHVH\0DUtDKHUPDQDGH$WWLOLR '85$17,)8OWLPDVWHVXUD0LOiQ5L]]ROLSiJ/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD
/DUHODFLyQHVFULWXUDYLGDHVWiUHIRU]DGDSRUODLQVHUFLyQHQODQDUUDFLyQFHQWUDOGH UHODWRVFRPSXHVWRVSRUODSURWDJRQLVWD/DQRYHODGH'XUDQWLHVWiSRUWDQWRFRQVWLWXLGDSRUHO FRQMXQWRGHORVWH[WRVUHHODERUDGRVSRU7HRGRUDTXHYXHOYHDUHFRUUHUORVHSLVRGLRVSDVDGRV \ SUHVHQWHV GH VX SURSLD H[LVWHQFLD (Q OD FUHDFLyQ DUWtVWLFD VH DOWHUQDQ UHFXHUGRV \ UHIOH[LRQHVGHODYLGDGHODHVFULWRUD/DGLVWLQFLyQHQWUHORVGRViPELWRVHVWiLQGLFDGDSRUOD XWLOL]DFLyQGHXQGREOHFyGLJROLQJtVWLFRDSDUWLUGH,OSULPRUDFFRQWRSODFXUVLYDHVWi UHVHUYDGD D OD SDUWH ELRJUiILFD OD OHWUD UHGRQGD D OD ILFWLFLD /DV PHGLWDFLRQHVSHUVRQDOHV HVWiQFRQHFWDGDVVHJ~QXQDUHODFLyQGHLQWHUGHSHQGHQFLDFRQODVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVIRUPXODGDV VREUHORVUHODWRV 'HHVWHPRGRODXQLyQILFFLyQUHDOLGDG TXHHQORVOLEURVSUHFHGHQWHVGH 'XUDQWLHVXQDGHODVWHPiWLFDVDIURQWDGDVHQ8OWLPDVWHVXUDVHFRQYLHUWHHQHOIXQGDPHQWR GHODFRQVWUXFFLyQQDUUDWLYD /R TXH HVWR\ HVFULELHQGR GHEHUtD VHU HO OLEUR TXH FRQWXYLHUD ORV IUXWRV GH PLV FRPSHWHQFLDVHVSHFtILFDVKHDKtSRUTXpHVWR\LQWHUHVDGDHQUHFRUGDUODVDQWHVGHFRPHQ]DU 3RUTXHHVLPSRUWDQWHVDEHUFXiOHVVRQUHDOPHQWH>@+D\OH\HVIpUUHDVVREUHHOWLSR\HO JUDGRGHPLVWLILFDFLyQFRQFHGLGRDTXLHQVHSURSRQHVDFDUHOFRQHMRGHODFKLVWHUDOH\HVTXH 6KDURQ:RRGUHVDOWDHVWHDVSHFWRGHODQRYHOD³7KHWDOHRI7HRGRUDKHUVHOILVLQWHUVSHUVHGZLWKH[WUDFWVIURP KHURZQVWRULHVDQGQRYHOVWKHLQWHUSOD\EHWZHHQWKHWZROHYHOVDVZHOODVEHWZHHQ7HRGRUD)UDQFLDDQGWKH µUHDO¶ZULWHU)UDQFHVFD'XUDQWLSRUWUD\VOXGLFDOO\DQGHOHJDQWO\ERWKWKHSRVWPRGHUQFRQFHUQZLWKWKHIUDJLOH ERXQGDU\EHWZHHQOLIHDQGOLWHUDWXUHDQGWKHDJHROGOLWHUDU\FRQFHUQZLWKWHOOLQJDJRRGVWRU\´:22'6 ³:ULWHUV¶GHVNWRS:ULWLQJLQDFKDQJLQJZRUOGDQLQWHUYLHZZLWK)UDQFHVFD'XUDQWL´7KHLWDOLDQLVW 1SiJ /D IXQFLyQ GH ORV GRV FyGLJRV OD H[SOLFD 6WHIDQLD /8&$0$17( HQ HO HQVD\R ³/D JHRPHWULD QHO URPDQ]RL³JUDILFLQDUUDWLYL´GL)UDQFHVFD'XUDQWL´)RUXP,WDOLFXPQYROSiJV7DPELpQHQ 6RJQLPDQFLQL5L]]ROL0LOiQ'XUDQWLXVDGRVWLSRVGHFDUDFWHUHVWLSRJUiILFRVXQRSDUDODQDUUDFLyQGH ODQRYHOD\RWURSDUDODWUDQVFULSFLyQGHORVVXHxRVGHODSURWDJRQLVWD(OHVTXHPDGLFRWyPLFRVXHxRUHDOLGDG± HVFULWXUDYLGDGH8OWLPDVWHVXUD 6LUYDQGHHMHPSORORVVLJXLHQWHVSDVDMHV³(OEXHQRGH%XWLHQWDQWRWDODUPRQtDFRQVLJRPLVPR>@8QDGH HVDVSHUVRQDVTXHGXUDQWHVXUHFRUULGRDQWHODVLQQXPHUDEOHVELIXUFDFLRQHVGRQGHVHSXHGHHOHJLUSRUXQODGROD YLGD\SRUHORWURXQDGHODVQXPHURVDVRIHUWDVDOWHUQDWLYDV±RUJXOORp[LWRYHQJDQ]D±FXHQWDFRQODVDELGXUtD VXSUHPDGHHOHJLUVLHPSUHODYLGD /DYLGDODYLGD'HEHUtDVDEHUTXpHVODYLGDSRUTXH\RWDPELpQKHDSRVWDGRHQIDYRUGHODYLGD0DUFR\\R WHQHPRVHOFXOWRSRUODYLGD´³'HHVWHSHQVDPLHQWRQRH[DFWDPHQWHREVHVLYRVLQROLJHUDPHQWHPROHVWRQDFLy HOUHODWRTXHHVWR\LQWHQWDQGRWHUPLQDUXQDKLVWRULDGHVHPHMDQ]D\GHGLIHUHQFLDFUHR\PHJXVWDUtDGHGLFDUOD D PL DPRUHQHPLJR´ ³4XL]iV SRUTXH WDPELpQ \R KH FRPHWLGR GXUDQWH DxRV HO PLVPR SHFDGR TXH PL SURWDJRQLVWDTXHHVHOQRVDEHUVHSDUDUVHGHORTXHQRVHDPDeOGHEHUtDDPDUD0DUFHOD\GHMDUORVOLEURV<R KHHPSOHDGRDxRVHQHQWHQGHUTXHWHQtDTXHHVFULELU\VHJXLUSRUPLFXHQWD´'85$17,2SFLWSiJV /DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD (VWDFRUUHODFLyQVHGHVWDFDFRQWLQXDPHQWH³0DUFRPHKDFRQWDGRXQSHTXHxRHSLVRGLRTXHKDDFRQWHFLGR UHDOPHQWH\PLHQWUDVORHVFXFKDEDKHHPSH]DGRUHSHQWLQDPHQWHDFRPSDUDUORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVUHDOHVFRQOD QDUUDFLyQDUELWUDULDTXHSRGUtDKDFHUGHpOGLVSRQLpQGRORVHQXQDVHFXHQFLDRSRUWXQDRUGHQiQGRORVGHDFXHUGR DXQDHVWUXFWXUDVLJQLILFDWLYD +DVLGRXQWHUULEOHGHVFXEULPLHQWRODVFRVDVSRUVtVRODVQRTXLHUHQGHFLUQDGDQRVLUYHQSDUDQDGDQRHQVHxDQ QDGD6yORODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQTXHVHGDGHHOODVFRQVLJXHGHVFRGLILFDUHOFDRVUHIOHMiQGRORHQXQDLPDJHQGRWDGD GH IRUPD \ GH VHQWLGR´ ³&RQ OD QDUUDWLYD QR VH VDEH QXQFD GyQGH WHUPLQD OD YHUGDG \ GRQGH FRPLHQ]D OD LQYHQFLyQ´³0HSUHJXQWRFXiQWDVRWUDVFRVDVTXHFUHtDKDEHURtGRPHODVKHLQYHQWDGRHQUHDOLGDG´,EtGHP SiJV/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD
QRVHSXHGHQHVFULELUQLGHFLUDORtGR\TXHVyORFLHUWDVYLUWXGHVPHQRUHVRSRUWXQDPHQWH VXUWLGDV±EXHQJXVWRVHQWLGRFRP~QSXGRU±FRQVLHQWHQLQWXLU\DSOLFDU (QODPHWDQDUUDFLyQTXHVHGHWHUPLQDVHLQVWDXUDQUHIHUHQFLDVLQWHUQDVHQWUHORVRFKR UHODWRV\HQWUHpVWRV\ODQRYHODPLVPD /RVWH[WRVVRQSUHVHQWDGRVHQXQD~OWLPDUHGDFFLyQ SRU7HRGRUDTXHHQHOGREOHSDSHOGHDXWRUDHVFULWRUD\SURWDJRQLVWDQDUUDGRUD GHVXMHWR QDUUDGRU\REMHWRQDUUDWLYRHVWiHQHOFHQWURGHXQDPLVHHQDE\PH7DOWpFQLFDKDFHHPHUJHU DOWH[WRGHVtPLVPROROLJDDORSDUWLFXODUORGHVYHODHQWRGRVVXVGHWDOOHVVDFDDODOX]ODV SRWHQFLDOLGDGHVHVFRQGLGDV\DOKDFHUHVWRSRQHHQGXGDODHWHUQLGDGGHHVRVFRQWHQLGRV 3HUR DO PLVPR WLHPSR PXHVWUD OR TXH HQ OD REUD WHUPLQDGD QR VH YH HO SURFHVR GH FRPSRVLFLyQTXHODKDOOHYDGRDVHUORTXHHV(OSDUDGLJPDLPLWDWLYRVHKDLQWHULRUL]DGRGH ³LPLWDFLyQ´ GH OR GLYLQR D ³LPLWDFLyQ´ GH Vt PLVPR HOWH[WR HVWXGLD\ UHIOHMDVXV SURSLDV UHODFLRQHVFRQHOPXQGR\FRQHOSDVDGR /DREUDTXHGDHVWUXFWXUDGDHQXQDGHQVDUHGGHUHIHUHQFLDVWHPiWLFDVTXHIDFLOLWDQODV UHODFLRQHVGHLQWHUWH[WXDOLGDG\PHWDWH[WXDOLGDG6RQIUHFXHQWHVODVUHIHUHQFLDVDODHVFULWXUD LQWURGXFLGDV D WUDYpV GH REVHUYDFLRQHV VREUH HO SURFHGLPLHQWR FUHDWLYR \ VREUH ORV LQVWUXPHQWRVHPSOHDGRVODSOXPDODPiTXLQDGHHVFULELU\HORUGHQDGRU 3HURHODERJDGR5LJKHWWDQRTXLHUHD\XGDUPH'HEHUtDPDQLIHVWDUVHGHDOJ~QPRGRSDUDFHUUDU HOFHUFR>@ 3HURHOKHFKRHVTXHQRSXHGHVHU4XLVLHUD3HURQRSXHGR/DKLVWRULDQRTXLHUHVDEHUQDGD GHXQILQDODVt6HPHHVFDSDGHODPDQRKDFLDRWUDGLUHFFLyQ 0HJXVWDXVDUXQ<R1DUUDGRUPDVFXOLQRPHJXVWDHVFULELUVREUHXQDPXMHUTXHQRSXHGDVHU GHQLQJ~QPRGRXQDSUR\HFFLyQPtD8QSHUVRQDMHTXHQRVR\\RKDEODGHXQSHUVRQDMHTXHQR VR\\R >«@QDGLH HQWLHQGHORVVtPERORVTXH\RGLVHPLQRFRQVFLHQWHPHQWHHQPLVSiJLQDV\WRGRV HQFXHQWUDQRWURVTXHQLVLTXLHUDPHKDQSDVDGRSRUODFDEH]D<TXLpQVDEHVLQRHVXQEXHQR ,ELGHPSiJ/DWUDGXFFtRQHVPtD /D³OtQHDPHGLD´EXVFDGDSRU7HRGRUDHVHODUJXPHQWRHQWRUQRDOFXiOVHFRQVWUX\HODQDUUDFLyQGHOSULPHU UHODWRWLWXODGR/DSRUWDGLPH]]R³3DUDWHUPLQDUHOUHODWRPHTXHGDQSRFDVOtQHDVTXHD~QQRKHHVFULWRSHUR TXHVpPiVRPHQRVFyPRGHEHUtDQVHU7RGRVHUHODFLRQDFRQORVUDQJRVJUDFLDVDODERJDGR5LJKHWWDTXHHQ VXFRUGXUD±WDQHILFD]PHQWHUHSUHVHQWDGDSRUVXQDWXUDOH]DGHLQH[LVWHQWHSXQWRPHGLR>@´,EtGHPSiJ /DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD/DUHODFLyQPDGUHKLMDHVXQRGHORVYtQFXORVDIHFWLYRVGHVFULWRVHQODQDUUDFLyQFHQWUDO HQWUHODHVFULWRUD\VXVKLMRVHQWUHODPLVPD\VXPDGUH\EUHYHPHQWHHQHOWH[WR/D0LODQHVH,O VHWWLPR UDFFRQWRVLQWtWXORHVDXWRELRJUiILFRVHUHWRPDHOWHPDGHOHTXLOLEULRSDUDODQDUUDFLyQPHWDQDUUDWLYDFRQ WRGDODQRYHODFIU/8&$0$17(2SFLWSiJ 7HRGRUDHVODDXWRUDGHORVWH[WRVTXHHVFULEHHQ,OVHWWLPRUDFFRQWRFXEUHWDPELpQODIXQFLyQGHO\RQDUUDGRU \ODSURWDJRQLVWDQDUUDGRUDGH8OWLPD VWHVXUD5HODFLRQHVXOWHULRUHVSXHGHQHVWDEOHFHUVHFRQODDXWRUDGHOD REUD)UDQFHVFD'XUDQWLFIUQRWD '¶$*$7$'¶277$9,6³6SHFXODULWjHSDURGLDOD0LVHHQDE\PHLQ³7KH1XQ¶V3ULHVW¶V7DOH´GL &KDXFHU´,==2',OUDFFRQWRDOORVSHFFKLR0LVHHQDE\PHHWUDGL]LRQHQDUUDWLYD5RPD1XRYDÈUQLFD SiJ7H[WRHMHPSODUSDUDHOHVWXGLRGHODPLVHHQDE\PHHVHOGH'b//(1%$&+/,OUDFFRQWR VSHFXODUH6DJJLRVXOODµPLVHHQDE\PH¶3DUPD3UDWLFKHUHHGLWDGRHQ/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD
HO~OWLPRVXFHGiQHRGHODHVSRQWDQHLGDGSHUGLGDHVTXL]iVODPRQWDxDGHHTXtYRFRVTXHVH DFXPXOD HQWUH HO DXWRU \ ORV OHFWRUHV 8Q ERVTXH PiV TXH XQDPRQWDxD XQ ERVTXHGRQGH GiQGROHJUDFLDVDOFLHORWHSXHGHVSHUGHUHQpO\GRQGHVHSXHGH±SRUWDQWR±UHFLELUGHYH]HQ FXDQGRODVRUSUHVDGHYROYHUWHDHQFRQWUDU >«@HVODSURIHFtDHQVXGRVLVH[DFWDQLPXFKRQLSRFRHOVHFUHWRGHQDUUDU(QFHQGHUXQD VHxDOSHTXHxtVLPDSHURTXHSXHGDVHUSHUFLELGDTXL]iVGHIRUPDVXEOLPLQDOSRUWRGRVORV OHFWRUHVRDOPHQRVSRUORVPiVVHQVLEOHV /RV GHWDOOHV GHO SHUVRQDMH TXH DVXPH FRQVLVWHQFLD LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GHO DXWRU GHO UHODWR TXH VH GHVHQYXHOYH HQ PRGR GLYHUVR D OD YROXQWDG GHO HVFULWRU VRQ GH LQVSLUDFLyQ SLUDQGHOLDQD7HRGRUDUHIOH[LRQDQGRVREUHODSUiFWLFDGHODHVFULWXUDVHGHWLHQHHQODUHODFLyQ DXWRUOHFWRUGHVWDFDQGRODVSUREOHPiWLFDVLQKHUHQWHVDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ\DODUHFHSFLyQ &RQ8OWLPDVWHVXUD'XUDQWLUHFXSHUDSRUWDQWRHOILOyQPHWDQDUUDWLYRTXHWXYRHQORV DxRV &XDUHQWD VX PD\RU GHVDUUROOR HQ ,WDOLD /D PHWDQDUUDWLYD HVWi SRU RWUR ODGR HVWUHFKDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGD FRQ OD VXEMHWLYLGDG IHPHQLQD FRPR KD HYLGHQFLDGR 0DULQD =DQFDQ 1DUUDUODHVFULWXUDSURSLDHVXQWHPDTXHSRUODVXEMHWLYLGDGIHPHQLQDVHIXQGDPHQWDHQ ODVLQTXLHWXGHVGHOLPDJLQDULRSURSLR\ODVUHSUHVHQWDSHURTXHDOPLVPRWLHPSRVHFRQILUPD PiVDOOiGHODSURYLQFLDLWDOLDQDHQXQDFXOWXUDHXURSHDDODTXHHVWDVPXMHUHVLQWHOHFWXDOPHQWH GHVYLQFXODGDVGHORVFRQILQHVGHXQDUHIOH[LyQLGHROyJLFD\GHORVOtPLWHVGHODSHUWHQHQFLDDXQD FODVHLQWHOHFWXDO\SRUWDQWRLWLQHUDQWHVDGHPiVGHSOXULOLQJHVVHDFHUFDQFRQFXULRVLGDG\ IDPLOLDULGDG /DQRYHODVHFRQILJXUDFRPRUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHODHVFULWXUDFHEDQGRXQPHFDQLVPRGH DXWRUHIOH[LYLGDGRDXWRUHIOHMRGHOWH[WR 8QDPLVHHQDE\PHHVXQHVSHMR(OHVSHMRSRVHHODDWUDFFLyQGHODSDUDGRMD/DQRFLyQ VREUHODTXHVHEDVDODPHWiIRUDGHOHVSHMRODGHODUHIOH[LyQHVWDPELpQSDUDGyMLFD>@/D FRQIURQWDFLyQ GUDPiWLFD FRQ OR LGpQWLFRDWUDYpVGHODSHUFHSFLyQGHORGLIHUHQWHVHSRQHHQ HVFHQDHQODPLVHHQDE\PH/DLGHQWLGDGVHFRQVWUX\HDWUDYpVGHXQDGLDOpFWLFDGHODXQLFLGDG\ GHORLGpQWLFR$KRUDODPLVHHQDE\PHHV~QLFDHQODPHGLGDHQTXHQDUUDPHWDWH[WXDOPHQWHVX SURSLDYHUVLyQGHODKLVWRULDVXSURSLRUHODWRLQFOXVRUHSLWLHQGRODKLVWRULD$GHPiVLQWHJUDHO UHIOHMRVLWXDGRHQHOXPEUDOHQWUHORSUHVLPEyOLFR\ODUHIOH[LyQSRVWVLPEyOLFD(QHOHVSHMRHO VXMHWRVHUHFRQRFHFRPRWHPDDWUDYpVGHODPXWXDIRFDOL]DFLyQGHOVXMHWRTXHVHHVWiPLUDQGRHQ HOHVSHMR\GHOVXMHWRUHIOHMDGR(QODUHIOH[LyQLQWHOHFWXDOHOVXMHWRORFXWRUUHIOH[LRQDVREUHVX SURSLRHVWDWXWRFRQYLUWLpQGRVHDVtHQREMHWR\SRUHOORUDGLFDOPHQWHGLIHUHQWH >«@ '85$17,2SFLWSiJV/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD =$1&$1 0 ,O GRSSLR LWLQHUDULR GHOOD VFULWWXUD /D GRQQD QHOOD WUDGL]LRQH OHWWHUDULD LWDOLDQD 7XUtQ(LQDXGLSiJ;;,;/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD
8QDGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODPLVHHQDE\PHHVDOPLVPRWLHPSRVXPRYLPLHQWRUHJUHVLYR>«@ (VWHPRYLPLHQWRGHVWUX\HWRGDOLQHDOLGDGGHOWH[WR>@ /DQDUUDFLyQQRVLJXHGHKHFKRXQGHVDUUROOROLQHDOVLQRTXHVHGHVHQUHGDDWUDYpVGH XQFUXFHHQWUHSDVDGR\SUHVHQWH/DREUDWLHQHXQDHVWUXFWXUDFLUFXODUH[WHUQDJDUDQWL]DGDSRU OD UHFXUUHQFLD GH DOJXQDV WHPiWLFDV /D E~VTXHGD GH HTXLOLEULR H[SOLFLWDGD DO SULQFLSLR \ VXEUD\DGDHQRWUDVRFDVLRQHVVHFRQILUPDHQOD~OWLPDSiJLQD 3HUR VHxRUHV OHV SLGR TXH QR VH GLVWUDLJDQ MXVWDPHQWH DKRUD \ TXH QR GHMHQ TXH OD H[WUDRUGLQDULDDSURSLDFLyQGHOGHWDOOHOHVGLVXDGDGHOFRQMXQWRKDFLpQGROHVROYLGDUHOHYHQWR PiVLPSRUWDQWHHVGHFLUODUHFRPSRVLFLyQGHOHTXLOLEULRHOFLHUUHMXVWRHQHOPLVPRSXQWRGHO FtUFXORPiVDPSOLRGHPRGRTXHWRGRYXHOYDDVXOXJDUS (OQH[RHVFULWXUDYLGDH[SXHVWRHQHOLQFLSLWHVWDPELpQH[DPLQDGRDOILQDOGHOOLEUR 1RSXHGRYLYLUVLQHVFULELU1RSXHGRHVFULELUVLQYLYLU1RSXHGRYLYLU\HVFULELUDO PLVPR WLHPSR >«@ 9LYLU VLJQLILFD GHMDUVH DWUDSDU SRU ODV FRVDV VXPHUJLUVH HVFULELU VLJQLILFDTXHGDUVHIXHUDFRQXQDQWHRMRRXQPLFURVFRSLR +H DKt SRU TXp GHER DOWHUQDWLYDPHQWH LU D EXVFDUPH H LU D SHUGHUPH VLHPSUH HQ FRQGLFLRQHVGHQRVWDOJLDSRUODRWUDFRVD>«@ 3RU~OWLPRODLQWHUDFFLyQGHXQUHFXHUGRLQIDQWLOODUXHGDKHFKDSRUODQLxD7HRGRUDHQ ODSOD\DGH)RUWHGHL0DUPLDOSULQFLSLR\DOILQDOGHODQRYHODSS\ 'HQWURGHHVWHSODQWHDPLHQWRHOUHODWRFRQWLQ~DDWURFLWRVFRQODLQWHUVHFFLyQGHSODQRV QDUUDWLYRV TXHDVHJXUDQODFRQWLQXLGDGGHFLUFXODULGDGIUDJPHQWDFLyQ /DUHFtSURFDLQWHUIHUHQFLDGHORVQLYHOHVFRQOOHYDDOGREOHUHIOHMRGHODGLpJHVLVHQHO WH[WR\GHOWH[WRHQODGLpJHVLV (VWHWLSRGHPLVHHQDE\PHTXHQRHVWiFRQFHQWUDGDHQXQD SDUWH GH OD REUD VLQR TXH HVWi GLVHPLQDGD HQ WRGD VX H[WHQVLyQ MXVWLILFD OD GHILQLFLyQ GH PHWDILFWLRQ(OOHFWRUSDUWLFLSDHQODFUHDFLyQOLWHUDULDFRODERUDQGRFRQHODXWRU (VWHDOWHUDGDUHODFLyQREUDOHFWRUSURPXHYHXQDOHFWXUDTXHHVPiVTXHQXQFD SURFHVRGHFUHDFLyQGHVHQWLGRDFWLYLGDGH[LVWHQFLDOTXHLPSOLFDDODYLGD³UHDO´GHO OHFWRU\DEURJDODVFRQYHQFLRQHVTXHGLYLGHQHOWH[WRGHOH[WUDWH[WR /DPLVHHQDE\PHFRPRPHWiIRUDGHODFUHDFLyQLPSOLFDQRVyORDOOHFWRUVLQRWDPELpQDO DXWRUTXHHQODDFWLYLGDGSRpWLFDGHORVSHUVRQDMHVUHIOHMDVXSURSLRDFWRFUHDWLYR'HHVWH %$/0³5XWKRFRPHDPPHWWHUHO¶DPRUHSUHOLPLQDULDSURSRVLWRG¶XQSDUWLFRODUH´30$*/,D FDUJRGH/HGRQQHHLVHJQL6FULWWXUDOLQJXDJJLRLGHQWLWjQHOVHJQRGHOODGLIIHUHQ]DIHPPLQLOH$QFRQD,O YDURURHGLWRULDOHSiJV/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD '85$17,2SFLWSiJ/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD (O SURFHGLPLHQWR HV GHOLQHDGR LUyQLFDPHQWH SRU OD PLVPD 7HRGRUD ³+H QDUUDGR OD KLVWRULD GH XQD TXH HVFULEH OD KLVWRULD GH XQR TXH HVFULEH XQ UHODWR PLHQWUDV LQWHQWD YDPSLUL]DU DD RWUR HVFULWRUFRQ HOILQGH H[WUDHUXQDQRYHODGHVXVUHDFLDVYtVFHUDV+HPRVOOHJDGRDODFXDUWDSRWHQFLDGHOPHWDPHWD´,EtGHPSiJ /DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD 3DUD OD DSOLFDFLyQ HVSHFtILFD GH OD PLVH LQ DE\PH FIU ,1&2//,1*2 / ³¶$ 6HW RI 3ROLVKHG 0LUURUV¶´7KHZLQJVRIWKH'RYHRI+HQU\-DPHV´,==22SFLWSiJV
PRGRODVFUHDFLRQHVQDUUDWLYDVGHORVSHUVRQDMHVVHFRQYLHUWHQHQPLPHVLVGHVHJXQGRJUDGR PHWiIRUDGHRWUDPHWiIRUDODFRQVWLWXLGDSRUHOWH[WRFRQUHVSHFWRDODUHDOLGDG /DHVSHFXODULGDGQDUUDWLYDHVHYRFDGDHQODFXELHUWDGHODQRYHODHQODTXHVHUHSUHVHQWD XQDPXMHUTXHREVHUYDHQHOHVSHMRVXSURSLDLPDJHQUHIOHMDGDSDUDSLQWDUVXDXWRUUHWUDWR/D UHSURGXFFLyQDUWtVWLFDDOXGHDODXQLyQHQWUHODUHDOLGDG\ODILFFLyQOLWHUDULD/RVWUHVURVWURV IHPHQLQRVUHDOUHIOHMR\SLQWDGRFRUUHVSRQGHQDODVWUHVGLIHUHQWHVIRUPDVGHFRQFHELUOD UHDOLGDG SRU SDUWH GHO HVFULWRU OD UHDOLGDG HIHFWLYD OD TXH VH SHUFLEH HQ HO DFWR GH OD PRGLILFDFLyQ\ODUHPRGLILFDGDHQHOSDVRGHODSHUFHSFLyQDODQDUUDFLyQ El espejo, además de constituir la metáfora estructural del libro, comparece de manera repetida como motivo diegético, garantizando al personaje el reconocimiento de su propia subjetividad. La formación del “yo” es el centro de la teoría lacaniana conocida a propósito como “la fase del espejo”. %DVWDHQWHQGHUODIDVHGHOHVSHMRFRPRXQDLGHQWLILFDFLyQHQHOVHQWLGRFRPSOHWRTXHHO DQiOLVLV GD D HVWH WpUPLQR HV GHFLU FRPR OD WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ OOHYDGD D FDER HQ HO VXMHWR FXDQGRDVXPHXQDLPDJHQFX\DSUHGHVWLQDFLyQDHVWHHIHFWRGHIDVHHVWi\DLQGLFDGDSRUHO XVRHQODWHRUtDGHODQWLJXRWpUPLQRGHLPDJR /DIXQFLyQGHODIDVHGHOHVSHMRVHSUHVHQWDSRUWDQWRVHJ~QQXHVWUDRSLQLyQFRPRXQ FDVRSDUWLFXODUGHODIXQFLyQGHOLPDJRTXHHVODGHHVWDEOHFHUXQDUHODFLyQGHORUJDQLVPR FRQVXUHDOLGDG>«@ /DIDVHGHOHVSHMRTXHVHUHODFLRQDFRQHOQDUFLVLVPRSULPDULRGH)UHXGHVHOSXQWRGH SDUWLGD SDUD OD WRPD GH FRQFLHQFLD GH OD LGHQWLGDG LQGLYLGXDOVLPEROL]DGD SRUHO PLWRGH 1DUFLVR3DUD3DROD5XVVRHOUHIOHMDUVHHV³HODFWRGHFUHDUVH\GHKDEODUVHFRPR\R>@OD SRVLELOLGDGGHYHUODSURSLDLPDJHQUHFUHDGDHQHOHVSHMRVHFRQYLHUWHDXWRPiWLFDPHQWHHQOD SRVLELOLGDGGHKDEODUOD\GHDILUPDUODLGHQWLGDG´ (O SURFHVR WDPELpQ KD VLGR H[DPLQDGR HQ pSRFD FRQWHPSRUiQHD SRU 8PEHUWR (FR TXLHQ SDUWLHQGRGHODH[SHULHQFLDLQIDQWLOVHDGHQWUDHQHVSHFXODFLRQHVWpFQLFRFLHQWtILFDVVREUHHOYDORU ,ELGHPSiJV/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD /$&$1-³/RVWDGLRGHOORVSHFFKLRFRPHIRUPDWRUHGHOODIXQ]LRQHGHOO¶LR´,'6FULWWLD FDUJRGH*&RQWUL7XUtQ(LQDXGLYRO,SiJV\ 58662 3 ³6\OYLD 3ODWK /R VSHFFKLR PHWDIRUD GHO IDUVL SRHWLFR HQ 'RQQHOHWWHUDWXUD´ 1XRYD FRUUHQWHQ$xR;;9,,,VHSWLHPEUHGLFLHPEUHSiJV/DFRQH[LyQHVSHMRLGHQWLGDGWDPELpQOD HVWXGLD*LXOLR*XLGRUL]]LTXLHQUHPLWLpQGRVHDODFXOWXUDGHOD$QWLJXD*UHFLDLQFOX\HODLPDJHQHVSHFXODUHQ OD FDWHJRUtD GHO qLGRORQ ³ &Lz FKH L *UHFL GHILQLYDQR qLGRORQ LQ VRVWDQ]D DSSDUH DIILQH DOOD FDWHJRULD SVLFRORJLFDFKHLQWHUPLQLPRGHUQLYLHQHGHILQLWDLO©GRSSLRªHVVRPDQLIHVWDLQPRGRWDQJLELOHODSUHVHQ]DGL XQD VHFRQGD UHDOWj SDUDOOHOD D TXHOOD YLYHQWH PD QRQ PHQR GL TXHOOD UHDOH H RSHUDQWH´ *8,'25,==, * ³/RVSHFFKLRHODPHQWHXQVLVWHPDG¶LQWHUVH]LRQL´0%(77,1,/DPDVFKHUDLOGRSSLRHLOULWUDWWR 6WUDWHJLHGHOO¶LGHQWLWj5RPD%DUL/DWHU]DSiJ/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD
GHODVLPiJHQHVWUDQVPLWLGDVSRUHOHVSHMR(OREMHWRHVSHFXODUHVGHVFULWRFRPRXQ³IHQyPHQR XPEUDOTXHPDUFDORVOtPLWHVHQWUHLPDJLQDULR\VLPEyOLFR´ 1RVRWURV SDUWLPRV VLHPSUH GHO SULQFLSLR TXH HOHVSHMR ³GLJD OD YHUGDG´>«@ eO QR ³WUDGXFH´ *UDED OR TXH OH JROSHD DVt FRPR OH JROSHD eO GLFH OD YHUGDG GH XQ PRGR LQKXPDQRFRPRORVDEHTXLHQ±DQWHHOHVSHMR±SLHUGHWRGDLOXVLyQVREUHVXSURSLDIUHVFXUD /DPDJLDGHORVHVSHMRVFRQVLVWHHQHOKHFKRGHTXHVXH[WHQVLYLGDGLQWUXVLYLGDGQR VyORQRVSHUPLWHPLUDUPHMRUHOPXQGRVLQRWDPELpQPLUDUQRVDQRVRWURVPLVPRVFRPRQRV YHQORVRWURVVHWUDWDGHXQDH[SHULHQFLD~QLFD\ODHVSHFLHQRFRQRFHQDGDLJXDO )XQFLyQDQiORJDDODGHVHPSHxDGDSRUHOHVSHMRHVDWULEXLGDFRP~QPHQWHDOQRPEUHDWUDYpV GHOFXDOHOLQGLYLGXRVHGHILQHDVtPLVPR3UHFLVDPHQWHDOQRPEUHVHGHGLFDQODVSULPHUDVSiJLQDV GH8OWLPDVWHVXUD /RVRWURV¢WLHQHQXQQRPEUH"¢8QQRPEUHVHJXURXQDFRUD]DVLQMXQWXUDVTXHORVUHYLVWDGH SLHVDFDEH]D"0HJXVWDUtDVDEHUOR 0L QRPEUH HQ XQ VHWHQWD SRU FLHQWR HV 7HRGRUD )UDQFLD &XDQGR QDFt PH OODPDED 0DULD 7HRGRUD*DUURQHSHURSURQWR0DULD7HRGRUDVHFRQYLUWLyHQ0LW]L6HJXtDGHODQWHFRQ0LW]L *DUURQHKDVWDORVGLHFLRFKRDxRVGHVSXpVPHFDVpFRQ&DUOR\PHFRQYHUWtHQ0LW]L5LSROL >«@ 'HVSXpVGHXQWLHPSRPHHQDPRUpGHRWURKRPEUH\PHIXLDYLYLUFRQpOHQWRQFHV>«@PH FRQYHUWtHQ0LW]L)UDQFLD>«@ +DFHFDWRUFHDxRVSXEOLTXpPLSULPHUDQRYHOD\ORILUPpFRQSDUWHGHPLDXWpQWLFRQRPEUHGH EDXWLVPRVHJXLGRGHODSHOOLGRGH0DUFRSRUWDQWR7HRGRUD)UDQFLD&RQHVWRKDEtDVDQFLRQDGR OD XQLyQ GH PLV GRV PLWDGHV HO YLYLU \ HO HVFULELU XQLGRV HQ OD PLVPD DIRUWXQDGD SHUVRQD 7HRGRUDHUDHOQ~FOHRLQDOLHQDEOH±VHFUHWRFHORVRVROLWDULRVLQVH[R\VLQHGDGPXOWLSOLFDEOH SRUPLOHSRUPLOPLOORQHVSHURLQFXUDEOHPHQWHGHVSDUHMDGRSDUWtFLSHGHWRGRHOPXQGRSHUR LPSRVLEOH GH DFRSODU FRQ RWUR ~QLFR VHU KXPDQR )UDQFLD VLJQLILFDED OD YLGD FRPSDUWLGD HO PLODJURFRWLGLDQRGHODPRU7HRGRUD)UDQFLDHUDSRUWDQWRXQDTXHORWHQtDWRGRTXpIHOLFLGDG 1RKDEtDFDOFXODGRTXHMXVWRHQHVHPRPHQWRPLXQLyQFRQ0DUFRWHUPLQDUtD\TXHDTXHO QRPEUHSHUGHUtDODPLWDGGHVXVLJQLILFDGRDSHQDVVHSXVLHUDHOQHJURVREUHEODQFR3HUR\D HVWDEDDOOtHQODSRUWDGDGHOOLEUR\\DQRORFDPELp$KRUDODVSHUVRQDVVHGLULJHQDPtFRQXQR XRWURGHPLVQRPEUHVVHJ~QHOPRPHQWRHQTXHPHKDQFRQRFLGR>«@ 3HUR\RPHOODPR±\HVWRDOFLHQSRUFLHQHQHOVHQWLGROLWHUDOGHODH[SUHVLyQHQHOPRGRHQ TXH\RPHOODPRDPtPLVPD±7HRGRUD)UDQFLD $O PHQRV GH GtD (V VyOR GH QRFKH TXH PH GHVSLHUWR VLQ SRGHU UHFRUGDU PL QRPEUH (&2 8PEHUWR ©6XJOL VSHFFKLª ,' 6XJOL VSHFFKL H DOWUL VDJJL ,O VHJQR OD UDSSUHVHQWD]LRQH O¶LOOXVLRQHO¶LPPDJLQH0LOiQ%RPSLDQLSiJ1GHO7/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD ,ELGHPSiJV\1GHO7/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD '85$17,2SFLWSiJV(QHOiPELWRGHODRQRPiVWLFDVRQIXQGDPHQWDOHVODVFRQWULEXFLRQHVGH-RKQ 6HDUOHSDUDHOTXHORVQRPEUHVSURSLRVVRQ³JDQFKRVHQORVTXHFROJDUODVGHVFULSFLRQHV´GH6DXO.ULSNHTXH UHHODERUDODWHRUtDGHO³GLVHxDGRUUtJLGR´GH&ODXGH&DODPHTXHFRQILHUHDOQRPEUHXQDIXQFLyQQDUUDWLYD GHWHUPLQDGD&IU6($5/(-5$WWLOLQJXLVWLFL6DJJLRGLILORVRILDGHOOLQJXDJJLR7RULQR%ROODWL
(O QRPEUH DVHJXUD D OD HVFULWRUD OD XQLGDG GH VX ³SHUVRQD´ GLYLGLGD HQWUH XQD QDWXUDOH]D RULJLQDULD 7HRGRUD \ XQD DGTXLULGD )UDQFLD ³7HRGRUD )UDQFLD &RQ TXHVWR DYHYR VDQFLWR O¶XQLRQH GHOOH PLH GXH PH]]H DQLPH LO YLYHUH H OR VFULYHUH ULFRQJLXQWL QHOOD VWHVVD IRUWXQDWD SHUVRQD´8QDXQLGDGTXHVHURPSHWUDVHOILQDOGHOPDWULPRQLRFRQ0DUFR\TXHODPXMHULQWHQWD UHFRPSRQHU 7DQWRODUHODFLyQFRQ&DUORFRPRFRQ0DUFRVHFRQFOX\HQFRQODVHSDUDFLyQGHWHUPLQDGDHQ XQ FDVR SRU HO GHVHQDPRUDPLHQWR GH OD SURWDJRQLVWD KDFLD 0DUFR \ HQ HO RWUR SRU XQD IUDFWXUD GHQWURGHODXQLyQFRQ\XJDOFDXVDGDSULQFLSDOPHQWHSRUODSXEOLFDFLyQSRUSDUWHGHODDXWRUDGHOD SULPHUD QRYHOD 7HRGRUD YXHOYH D HYRFDU GH PRGR HVSHFLDO VX VHJXQGD XQLyQ VHQWLPHQWDO ³(O SULPHURGHPLVUHODWRVTXHKDVREUHYLYLGRORVXILFLHQWHFRPRSDUDSRGHUVHUGHVFXELHUWR\KR\GtD SXEOLFDGR>@VHUHPRQWDDFXDQGRYLYtDHQ3LHYH6DQ0DUWLQRFRQ0DUFR´ SGXUDQWHODFXiO HVFULEtD VyOR HQ DXVHQFLD GHO PDULGR (OOD WHQLHQGR TXH HOHJLU HQWUH HO YtQFXOR FRQ\XJDO DSDUHQWHPHQWH IHOL] \ OD LQFOLQDFLyQ OLWHUDULD VDFULILFD HQ XQ SULPHU PRPHQWR VX DVSLUDFLyQ SURIHVLRQDO 3RVWHULRUPHQWH HV FRQVFLHQWH GH HVWDU KRPRORJDGD D 0DUFR KDVWD DQXODU VX SHUVRQDOLGDG/DLGHQWLILFDFLyQH[SHULPHQWDGDSRUODHVFULWRUDWLHQHVXFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDHQHOUHODWR /D 0LODQHVH HQ HO TXH 0DULD *LXOLD SULYDGD GH LQGLYLGXDOLGDG LPLWD HO DVSHFWR \ HO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH ORV TXH OD URGHDQ 8QD PLVPD UHIHUHQFLD LQWHUWH[WXDO \ PHWDWH[WXDO HQWUH OD H[SHULHQFLDELRJUiILFDGH7HRGRUD\ODVKLVWRULDVQDUUDGDVDSDUHFHHQ&DPSDQH QX]LDOLGRQGHVH HVWDEOHFHODVHPHMDQ]DHQWUHGRVSHUVRQDMHVIHPHQLQRV(OHXWHULD\ODPXMHUGHOSURWDJRQLVWD /DGHSHQGHQFLDGHOFRPSDxHURSURYRFDHQ7HRGRUDODSpUGLGDGHFRQVFLHQFLDGHVXSURSLD VXEMHWLYLGDGGHVHQFDGHQDQGRXQDFULVLVGHLQGHQWLGDG³SRFRDSRFR\DQRPHDFXHUGRGHPtGtDD GtDPHGLVXHOYRSLHUGRODPHPRULDGHPtPLVPD(OHXWHULDKDGHVFXELHUWRVXQRPEUHHQSRFDV KRUDV¢&XiQWR WLHPSR PH KDUtD IDOWD D Pt SDUD GHVFXEULU HO PtR" ´ S/DVHSDUDFLyQGH 0DUFRSHUPLWHSRVWHULRUPHQWHDODPXMHUUHFRQTXLVWDUODDXWRQRPtDWDQWRHQHOSODQRVHQWLPHQWDO FRPRHQHOSODQRODERUDO (OSXQWRGHFRQWDFWRHQWUHORVGRViPELWRVORUHSUHVHQWD$WWLOLR5DGL XQHVFULWRUFRQHOTXH LQLFLD XQD UHODFLyQ EDVDGD HQ OD FRPXQLyQ GH LQWHUHVHV SHUR SULYDGD GH DPRU (O KRPEUH VH FRQYLHUWH HQ HO REMHWR GH OD ³PRUERVD FXULRVLGDG´ GH OD DXWRUD TXH LQGLYLG~D HQ OD XQLyQ FDVL %RULQJKLHUL.5,3.(61RPHHQHFHVVLWj7XUtQ%RULQJKLHUL&$/$0(& ³/¶DQWURSRQLPRJUHFRFRPHHQXQFLDWRQDUUDWLYRDSSXQWLOLQJXLVWLFLHVHPLRWLFL´&,',±&56,OPRQGRFODVVLFR SHUFRUVLSRVVLELOL5iYHQD/RQJR 1GHO7ODWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD 1GHO7/DWUDGXFFLyQHVPtD (OKRPEUHHVWDPELpQXQSHUVRQDMHGHOUHODWR/DFDUH]]DGL'LR(QpOVHLQVSLUD7HRGRUDSDUDGHOLQHDUODILJXUDGHO MRYHQJXDUGDHQ7DQWDOXV
LQFHVWXRVDHQWUH$WWLOLR\VXKHUPDQD0DUtDHOPRWLYRGHLQVSLUDFLyQSDUDXQDQXHYDQRYHODGHO DPDQWH 9HULILFDGD OD LPSRVLELOLGDG GH UHDOL]DFLyQ GHO SUR\HFWR 7HRGRUD GHFLGH HVFULELU SHUVRQDOPHQWHHOOLEUR'HQXHYRVHHVWDEOHFHXQDFRQH[LyQHQWUHODH[SHULHQFLDGHODSURWDJRQLVWD\ VXDFWLYLGDGOLWHUDULD <SRUPLSDUWHLQFOXVRSRUHOKHFKRGHTXHQRWHQJRQLQJXQDLQWHQFLyQGHGHMDUORSRUTXHKH GHFLGLGRTXHVXJUDQQRYHODYLVWRTXHpOQRSRGUiMDPiVHVFULELUODLQWHQWDUpHVFULELUOD<2 &RJHUpSUHVWDGRVXGUDJyQTXH\DFRQR]FRWDQELHQORKDUpPtRHLQWHQWDUpVDFDUDOJRGHpO >«@<PLHQWUDVWDQWRODKLVWRULDGHOJXDUGDDWUDYpVGHOMXHJRGHHVSHMRVGHODPHWiIRUDPH PDQWLHQHFHUFDQDDODUJXPHQWRHQVHxDDPLLPDJLQDFLyQDPLUDUHQHODELVPRTXHH[LVWHHQWUH HOVHU\HOKDFHU\DGLHVWUDDPLSURIHVLyQDUHFRUUHUSDUDUHFRUUHUHOFDPLQRDOUHYpVQRHQWUHHO SURGXFWROLWHUDULR\HODXWRUTXHKD\GHWUiV±FRPRKDFHQORVOLWHUDWRV±VLQRHQWUHHOWDOHQWRGHO DXWRU\ORTXHSRGUtDSURGXFLU\TXHQRSURGXFLUiMDPiVLPSHGLGRSRUHOPLHGRSRUODSHUH]DD YHFHVSRUXQDPLVWHULRVDHVWXSLGH] (VFULWXUD\YLGDIRUPDQXQELQRPLRLQGLYLVLEOHSDUD7HRGRUDDVtFRPRSDUD'XUDQWLTXLHQD WUDYpV GH 8OWLPD VWHVXUD UHFRUUH ODV HWDSDV GHO GLItFLO SURFHVR GH HPDQFLSDFLyQ TXH PDUFD OD H[LVWHQFLDGHWRGDHVFULWRUD 7UDGXFFLyQHQFDVWHOODQRGH0DUtDGHO&DUPHQ6iQFKH]*RQ]iOH] '85$17,2SFLWSiJ