2002 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ASSOCIATE LABORATORY ON PLASMA PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING Centro de Fusão Nuclear e Centro de Física dos Plasmas

2002 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ASSOCIATE LABORATORY ON PLASMA PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING Centro de Fusão Nuclear Centro de Física dos Plasmas IST, April 2003 Centro de Fusão Nuclear INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Centro de Física dos Plasmas 1 1. INTRODUCTION This document summarizes the activities carried out in 2002 by the Associate Laboratory in Plasma Physics and Engineering. This Laboratory has two Action Lines: • Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion; • Plasma Technologies and High Power Lasers, where the activities referred to in sections 2 and 3 were performed by staff of respectively “Centro de Fusao Nuclear” (CFN) and “Centro de Fisica de Plasmas” (CFP)1. Fusion related activities of both Research Units have been carried out in the frame of the Contract of Association between “Instituto Superior Técnico” and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). Sections 4 and 5 contain information about the publications, post-graduation degrees, organization of scientific meetings and participation in the management of the Fusion Programme. 2. ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY “CENTRO DE FUSÃO NUCLEAR” IN 2002 2.1. Introduction This Research Unit had in 2002 the following nine Projects: § Tokamak ISTTOK; § Participation in the collective use of the JET facilities by the EFDA Associates; § Participation in the ASDEX-UPGRADE Programme; § Participation in the TJ-II Programme; § Participation in the MAST Programme; § Participation in the TCV Programme; § Participation in the ITER Project; § Other activities on theory and modelling; § Other activities on control, data acquisition and signal processing. 2.2. Tokamak ISTTOK This Project had in 2002 six main working areas: tokamak operation, testing of the liquid metal limiter concept2, diagnostic developments, slow control system, real-time plasma control system and plasma physics studies. Concerning the tokamak operation, the IST/CFN staff has guaranteed the maintenance of the discharge systems and the implementation of some diagnostic improvements, allowing the operation of the tokamak during 32 weeks. Regarding the testing of the liquid metal limiter concept, the following main tasks were performed in 2002: 1 The report of “Centro de Física dos Plasmas” also includes the 2001 activities. 2 Work in collaboration with the Association EURATOM/University of Riga 2 § Collaboration with the University of Riga (UoR) on the elaboration of the proposal submitted to CCE-FU for the award of preferential support and on the definition of the technical characteristics of the vacuum system; § Design of a new spectrometer to measure the liquid metal (Gallium) erosion rate by the determination of Ga absolute radial profiles. This diagnostic is based on a 0.5 m imaging flat field spectrograph, a CCD multichannel analyzer and photomultiplier tubes; § Conceptual study of a combined mass-energy analyser for study of the SOL plasmas, based on a Bennet-type mass spectrometer, which generally utilizes the principles of both a radio-frequency time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a retarding field energy analyzer. In the area of the diagnostic developments, the following main activities were carried out in 2002: § Maintenance and improvement of the visible spectrometer for the monitoring of the plasma impurities spectroscopic lines, allowing to obtain the temporal variation of both the ion temperature and the plasma poloidal velocity; § Development of a new Ha-diagnostic for the analysis of the light emitted at that spectral line by the limiter-plasma interaction; § Installation on ISTTOK, test and operation of a new ion injector of the heavy ion beam diagnostic, development of a 4 channel time-of-flight energy analyzer and optimization of the plasma potential measurements by this diagnostics; § Implementation on ISTTOK of a new set of emissive probes3, including the development of the dedicated electronics, and of a bolometer, based on AXUV4 and UVG5 photodiodes; § Remote collaboration on the development of new Thomson scattering diagnostics for the tokamaks GLOBUS-M (S. Petersburg) and ETE (S. José dos Campos, Brazil). These diagnostics provide multipoint measurements using time-delay techniques and multi-input polychromators. A slow control system, designed in a hierarchical structure based on CANbus, is being developed aiming at to overcome some constrains of the present system, which is based on a commercial vacuum controller unit. The following main tasks were made in 2002: § Finalization of the assembly and testing of the hardware modules and of the software developed in a distributed, decentralized, object-oriented, modular and user-friendly philosophy; § Testing of the slow control system. A real-time plasma control system is being developed based on 12 MHD coils. The following main activities were performed in 2002: § Development of: (i) the feedback control systems of the primary current and vertical magnetic field; (ii) a SQL database for the experimental results; (iii) numerical codes for signal analysis; 3 Work performed in collaboration with the University of Innsbruck, on behalf of the Association EURATOM/OÄW. 4 AXUV means sensitive from soft X-rays to ultra-violet radiation. 5 UVG means sensitive from ultra-violet to visible radiation. 3 (iv) algorithms for the control of the plasma position; (v) and tools for the remote access to the experimental results; § External calibration of the magnetic probes and of the acquisition system; § Test of the performance and accuracy of the system. The following plasma physics studies were carried out in 2002: • Investigation of the runaway electron characteristics in discharges with minor and major disruption events; • DC electrode biasing experiments; • Simultaneous limiter and electrode biasing experiments; • Measurement of the plasma potential by emissive probes. 2.3. Participation in the collective use of the JET facilities by the EFDA Associates CFN has proceeded with its participation in the collective use of the JET Facilities by the EFDA6 Associates, with activities in the areas of operation, scientific exploitation, performance enhancements and management. Three members of the CFN staff belonged in 2002 to the JET Operation Team working in the Reflectometry and LIDAR Diagnostic Group and in the Motional Stark Effect Diagnostic Group. The following main activities were carried out: § Participation in the upgrade of the X-mode correlation reflectometer and operation and maintenance of the O-mode fluctuation reflectometer; § Operation and data analysis of the MSE diagnostic as well as the development of a new technique to measure the plasma radial electric field using the MSE diagnostic. The CFN participation in the JET scientific exploitation included the participation of 12 scientists in the experimental campaigns C5-C7 (with Dr. Filomena Nave acting as Session Leader in several experiments) and the development of numerical codes, leading to the following physics studies: § Comparison of the effects of enhanced radiation on ELM behaviour in JET plasmas; § Study of the onset of neo-classical tearing modes in JET discharges; § Study of non-linear coupling using bi-coherence analysis; § Time-frequency analysis of non-stationary signals in fusion plasmas using the CHOI-williams distribution; § Use of TRANSP for transport analysis of the radiative improved confinement H-mode; § Study of the effect of plasma shape on the TAE stability; § Analysis of the Alfven cascades instabilities; § Numerical analysis of the loss of sawtooth stabilisation by ICRH driven fast particles in low density discharges; 6 EFDA means “European Fusion Development Agreement” 4 § Study of the physical mechanism of the fast destruction of energy confinement that triggers major density limit disruptions; § Study of runaway electrons in JET disruptions; § Direct measurements of the radial electric field using the upgraded MSE diagnostic; § Turbulence studies with the upgraded correlation reflectometer; § Analysis of the interplay between parallel transport and poloidal flows using a new reciprocating probe; § Edge Localized Modes propagation and fluctuations in the JET SOL region using probes. CFN was in charge with five tasks of the JET Enhanced Performance Project: (i) study of turbulence by microwave reflectometry (Project Leader and implementation); (ii) microwave access (Project Leader and implementation); (iii) real-time diagnostic; (iv) reflectometer for the ICRH Project; and (v) Fast Data Acquisition (FDA) Project (design and procurement activities). The following main activities were performed in 2002: § Shipping to JET of the microwave and data acquisition components of the microwave reflectometer; commissioning of the diagnostic at JET; development of software for the integration of the dedicate data acquisition system in CODAS, including the adaptation of a new communication protocol; and intensive tests of the microwave components and data acquisition system; § Elaboration of: (i) Task 1.0 report on the reflectometry frequency access range and waveguide specifications; and (ii) Task 2.0 report on the antenna design specifications and performance; § Development of software for real-time analysis of the experimental data provided by the Motional Stark Effect diagnostic; § Preliminary study for the ICRH Project of the waveguides taking into account the space constrains inside the tokamak; and development of ray tracing calculations using adequate antenna patterns and typical JET plasma geometries, in order to estimate the reflectometers performance for the foreseen antenna positioning; § Design, production and test of eight Fast ADC modules in CFN; assembling and test of these boards in a CODAS VME crate and installation in a CODAS cubicle near the KK3 diagnostic; integration of the system software in the CODAS offline network and test of CODAS compliance; implementation and test of a system Remote Boot feature to ease the maintenance task in the case of hardware failure by allowing readily changing the system hard disk and backup/restore the system software; and test of the system in the online CODAS network by acquiring real data from the JET tokamak. Collected data was analyzed and compared with the data obtained from the old system using data reduction techniques on the new data in order to allow a correct comparison. Both data sets were found to match almost perfectly showing the correct operation of the system. 5 2.4. Participation in the ASDEX-UPGRADE Programme The Portuguese participation in the ASDEX-Upgrade7 (AUG) Programme has been mainly focussed on the areas of microwave reflectometry (microwave systems and electronics, control and data acquisition, data processing, modelling and plasma physics studies) as well as MHD and turbulence studies. The following main activities were carried out in the microwave systems and electronics in order to improve the operation and reliability of the reflectometry system: § Installation of solid state switches for toggling between fixed frequency and broadband operation; § Design, construction and installation of a 1.3 MHz high-pass 5th order Butterworth filter to remove the parasitic low frequency of the W band microwave signal; § Replacement of the intermediate frequency amplifiers of the heterodyne detection systems by more robust ones; § Reduction of the bandwidth in the W band channel from 75-110 GHz to 75-100 GHz in order to avoid problems in ultra fast swept operation (25 µs); § Removal of the reference pin from the Q band fluctuation monitor channel to accommodate the new heterodyne detection to be implemented in 2003; § Development of an heterodyne Q-band fixed frequency channel using synthesizer sources, to study radial correlation parameters of plasma turbulence; § Assessment of a new localization for the W band antenna in view of the necessity to displace it due to the forthcoming installation of the new ECRH antennas. Concerning control and data acquisition, the following main modifications were made: § Re-written from scratch of the control software due to the complexity of the changes in the diagnostic resulting from the upgrades in the hardware made in 2001; § Implementation of the new control server together with a new client that can be used/compiled in several platforms (UNIX, Windows). The communication and logging protocols were implemented and fully tested; § Development of the graphical user interface (GUI) of the client. It was programmed in C++ and a portable X based graphical library was used for the GUI of the client; § Development of a Web based acquisition database to store the information of reflectometry experiments on AUG as well as relevant physics issues related to those experiments; § Development of a Web based logbook database for the daily maintenance and logistics related information. A forum was implemented allowing discussions and conferences on the Web. The following main activities were performed aiming at upgrading the data processing tools in order to smooth or avoid statistical distortions of the density profiles due to plasma turbulence: § Testing of algorithms to reject density profiles corrupted by plasma turbulence; 7 ASDEX-Upgrade is a tokamak of the Association EURATOM/IPP, in operation in Garching. 6 § Development and implementation of data processing algorithms to automatically compute edge pedestal data (position, density, and width) from broadband reflectometry data; § Implementation of 2D smoothing data analysis techniques to extract density profiles in the presence of strong plasma turbulence as well as of level 2 public shot files with the smoothed density profiles. The following main modelling activities were also carried out: § Simulation of the plasma response in broadband reflectometry due to the presence of rotating and locked MHD modes using 1D and 2D codes; § Investigation of the link between the k-spectrum of non-coherent density fluctuations and the phase variations of the reflectometry signals. Finally, and regarding microwave reflectometry, the following main plasma physics studies were made: § Study of edge density pedestral characteristics in standard and advanced plasma scenarios; § Contribution to the study of the impact on confinement of inboard launched pellets; § Study of the effects of type I and type III ELMs on density profiles and estimation of ELMinduced particle losses; § Studies on locating rational surfaces from reflectometer fluctuations. Concerning MHD and turbulence the following tasks were performed: § Study of the role of magnetic islands in the energy quench preceding disruptions; § Study of runaway generation in tokamak disruptive events; § Code developments for the analysis of turbulence and transport in the SOL of ASDEXUpgrade. 2.5. Participation in the TJ-II Programme The CFN participation in the TJ-II8 Programme has been mainly focussed on the areas of microwave reflectometry, heavy ion beam diagnostic and edge plasma physics. Concerning microwave reflectometry, CFN began the development of an heterodyne Q-band fixed frequency channel using synthesizer sources, to study radial correlation parameters of plasma turbulence. Regarding the heavy ion beam diagnostic, the following main tasks were carried out: § Test of the transimpedance amplifiers and development of new pre-amplifiers for the detected signals; § Installation of the multiple cell array detector (MCAD), the manipulator system and the transimpedance amplifiers on TJ-II; 8 TJ-II is a stellarator of the Association EURATOM/CIEMAT, in operation in Madrid. 7 § Development of new deep Faraday cup type cells aiming at decreasing the plasma loading effect on the measurements and of an upgrade version of the dedicate control and data acquisition software and its installation in the TJ-II system. Concerning edge plasma physics, the statistical properties of the radial correlation of turbulence in the TJ-II boundary region were studied. 2.6. Participation in the MAST Programme This Project aims the development and scientific exploitation of a microwave reflectometer for MAST9. The following main activities were carried out in 2002: § Finalization of the assembly, implementation and testing of the diagnostic; § Improvements in the detection amplifiers in order to reduce the noise; § Assessment of the reflectometry diagnostic performance. All channels have been tested with a metallic mirror placed inside the machine; § Realization of the first plasma measurements. The experimental results showed clear fringes due to the MAST plasma in the Ka band channel but reveal the loss of reflected signal in the K band and part of the U band channels. This situation was identified as being most likely due to problems in the installation of the diagnostic in the machine, which can only be corrected in the next vacuum break. 2.7. Participation in the TCV Programme The main objectives of this Project are the development and scientific exploitation of three X-ray diagnostics (a horizontal Pulse Height Amplitude (PHA) spectrometer, a vertical PHA spectrometer and a rotating crystal spectrometer) and the development of an advanced plasma control system for TCV10. The horizontal PHA spectrometer, in operation since 2001, was designed in a hybrid analoguedigital configuration, based on a Germanium-cooled detector, a spectroscopy amplifier, an on-site developed IATG (Interface Amplifier Timing Generator) and a CAMAC transient recorder module. The following main tasks were performed in 2002: § Routine operation of the diagnostic for the measurement of the electron temperature and analysis of the line radiation in the soft X-ray range from 1 to 10 keV; § Elaboration of Users Reference Guides. The vertical PHA is being developed aiming at to operate in almost all the TCV plasma configurations and to provide real-time control capabilities, overcoming the constrains of the horizontal PHA. The new spectrometer is based on a Roentec Xflash Silicon Drifted Detector and a 9 MAST is a Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak of the Association EURATOM/UKAEA, in operation in Culham. 10 TCV is a “Tokamak de Configuration Variable” of the Association EURATOM/Confederation Suisse, in operation in Lausanne. 8 DSP system, based on either a commercial CAMAC unit or a CFN VME module. The following main activities were made in 2002: § Finalization of the diagnostic design, including the issues related with its implementation on TCV; § Improvement of a CAMAC DSP based algorithm aiming at meeting the experimental aims and performance; § Beginning of the tests of the basic components of the diagnostic; § Development of software for the utilization of a CFN DSP-based VME system on these diagnostics, aiming at achieving real-time operation for the feedback control of some TCV and diagnostic parameters; § Development of a Linux based server and control program as well as a remote graphical user interface for the implementation of the CFN DSP-based VME system in the TCV control and data acquisition system. The rotating crystal spectrometer is based on equipment lent by the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. The following main tasks were performed in 2002: § Cleaning up of the vacuum chamber, replacement of the gold O-rings by viton ones and test of its performance at high vacuum; § Tests of the step motor support structure, CRPP manufactured amplifiers, crystals reflectivity and multichannel plates (MCPs) performance; § Call for tender for a new set of crystals and MCPs. The development by IST/CFN of a new digital plasma control system for TCV was discussed after summer 2002. This system will be based on a CFN DSP-based VME module, which was specially designed for real-time feedback control. The following main activities were made in 2002: § Meetings between CRPP and IST staff to understand how the CFN DSP-based VME module could be used on TCV; § Elaboration of a proposal for the upgrading of the central analogue controller of the TCV plasma control system. 2.8. Participation in the ITER Project The Portuguese participation in the ITER Project included in 2002 activities related with diagnostics design and integration, microwave reflectometry and ITER Negotiations. Concerning diagnostics design and integration, Prof. Artur Malaquias belonged during this year to the ITER International Team, working at Garching on the Motional Stark Effect (MSE) Diagnostic, Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy and X-ray System. Regarding microwave reflectometry, the following main tasks were performed: § Development of a software tool to simulate O/X mode reflectometry experiments aiming at demonstrating the possibility of measuring Bt (r) with combined O and X mode probing. First dedicated O/X mode measurements have been performed at the LFS; 15 The study of the "magnetic bubble" concept is in a preliminary stage and attention has been focussed on the injected plasma properties in the vicinity of the spacecraft. 3.4. Gas Discharges and Gaseous Electronics 3.4.1. Theoretical and experimental study of wave driven molecular discharges An experimental and theoretical study of wave driven molecular discharges (long cylindrical plasma columns extending out of the launcher) has been carried out in the Laboratory of Gas Discharges during the last 2 years in H2, N2, and Ar gases, as well as in their mixtures (H2–N2, N2–Ar). The discharges are generated by azimuthally symmetric (TM mode) surface waves operating at microwave frequencies ω/2π = 500 MHz and ω/2π = 2.45 GHz. By means of optical emission spectroscopy, laser photodetachment, and radiophysics methods, the relevant active species concentrations, such as N(4S), H(1s), H −, and ),d(H),,B(N),,C(N3 2 2 2 3 2vvv uuu −++ ΠΣΠ, and some discharge parameters as the gas temperature and electric field, have been measured. Emission spectroscopy methods have been developed and applied to determine the degree of molecular dissociation in H2, N2, N2-Ar and N2-H2 discharges. Microwave H2 discharges have also been investigated as sources of negative H− ions. A significant amount of negative ions has been experimentally detected contrary to the negligible presence of H− ions usually found in microwave hydrogen discharges. The theoretical models developed couple self-consistently the discharge kinetics (electron and heavy particles kinetics), the gas thermal balance, the wave electrodynamics and important aspects of plasma-wall interactions. The models describe the spatial discharge structure and are instrumental in the sense that they provide a tool for discharge optimization in respect to the active species concentration. The important problems of molecular dissociation, i.e. creation and loss of ground state N(4S) and H(1s) atoms and the inhomogeneous gas heating are analyzed in the terms of obtained theoretical and experimental results. A strong coupling between degree of dissociation, negative ions density and wall temperature has been experimentally and theoretically demonstrated. The contribution of fast charge transfer processes (between Ar+ and N 2) with consequent dissociative recombination of N2+ in the kinetic of molecular dissociation in N2-Ar microwave discharges has been elucidated. 3.4.2. Electron and heavy-species kinetics in a nitrogen afterglow The study of the kinetics of electrons in post-discharges of nitrogen have been realised both experimentally and theoretically. The electron energy distribution functions (EEDF) have been measured in the framework of a cooperation including Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (France) and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, which has allowed to obtain EEDF measurements in a nitrogen flowing afterglow under collisional conditions. On 16 the other hand, the theoretically study of the time-relaxation of the EEDF in a nitrogen afterglow has been also pursued. It has been shown that an equilibrium between the vibrational distribution of ground-state N 2 molecules is established and that collisions of highly vibrationally excited molecules with N atoms are at the origin of a maximum in the EEDF occurring downstream the discharge. In what concerns the kinetics of heavy-species in the post-discharge, some new aspects of nitrogen afterglows were also described. In particular, for the first time the raise in the concentrations of several species occurring downstream the discharge, after a dark zone, has been explained. This work has been developed in close collaboration with colleagues from other Institutions, such as the Faculty of Engineering of the Oporto University (Portugal), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (France) and Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble (France). 3.4.3. Modelling of PECVD Reactor, GEC Cell and Magnetron Discharge The modelling of a PECVD reactor based on low-pressure (p<1 Torr) rf discharges, operating at 13.56 MHz frequency in SiH4-H2 mixtures (at various dilution conditions) and in pure H2, was successfully concluded. The modelling of a GEC Cell, based on low-pressure (p<1 Torr) rf/vhf discharges, operating at frequencies up to 700 MHz in highly diluted SiH4-H2 mixtures has been initiated. This research is carried out in collaboration with the LPTP, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau (France) and the LPGP, Université Paris Sud, Orsay (France). The work developed so far includes the optimization of an existing 2D fluid code for the transport of charged particles in the reactor, and a systematic characterization of capacitively coupled radiofrequency (ccrf) hydrogen discharges. The latter enabled some first comparisons between model results and measurements. We have also tried to improve the space-time calculation of electron transport parameters used in discharge models, aiming at a coherent modelling of ccrf discharges in argon. The modelling of a low-pressure (p ~ 10 mTorr) dc magnetron discharge in argon, with an additional hf power source for ionization of the metal vapor emitted by the cathode has been initiated. This work was carried out in the framework of a collaboration with LPGP, Université Paris Sud, Orsay. Part of this work involved several industrial partners and the French Ministère de la Recherche et de la Technologie. A 2D fluid code describing the transport of electrons and positive ions in the magnetron discharge has been created. A previously developed 1D fluid code for the transport of charged particles in the microwave discharge was self-consistently solved, coupled to the appropriate set of Maxwell's equations and to a collisional - radiative model for argon. Expected problems involving the electron plasma resonance have been pointed out, which has contributed to a deeper understanding of the wave-plasma energy coupling. 17 3.4.4. Large-Scale HF Molecular Plasma Sources A new experimental project on Large-Scale HF Molecular Plasma Sources has been initiated. In the framework of the new project, building the new apparatus has been a time-consuming task due to budget restrictions. Nevertheless, the new apparatus is now in conditions to start providing experimental results. It includes a PC-controlled, 3-axes movement of the diagnostic tools, which will include wave field (electric and magnetic), probe (electrons and negative ions), and spectroscopic measurements (emission and absorption). Within the scope of this scientific task, an electrodynamical analysis of a large-area, slot antenna excited plasma sources have been performed. The theoretical results have been confirmed by experimental measurements of the electric field components distribution. 3.4.5. Dissociation and surface atomic recombination in nitrogen discharges The dissociation in nitrogen discharges at pressures above 1 Torr has been investigated by modelling. This study leads to the identification of new dissociation mechanisms involving excited vibrational levels of ground-state N2 molecules and N2(A 3Σu+) metastable states. A Dynamical Monte Carlo method to study surface recombination of atoms on silica and Pyrex has also been initiated. The method developed for heterogeneous atomic recombination allows to establish a direct relationship between Monte Carlo time and real time, which constitutes an exact way of treating time-dependent surface phenomena. 3.4.6. Modelling of a nitrogen discharge with graphite electrodes The modelling of a nitrogen discharge with graphite electrodes has been investigated in the framework of a collaboration with the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Budapest, and with the ITN, Sacavém. Also in cooperation with these institutes, a joint work is underway to compare different methods of calculation of transport parameters and excitation coefficients for electron impact as well as electron distribution functions, viz. the Monte Carlo method, and the density expansion and the classical two-term expansion method to solve the electron Boltzmann equation. 3.4.7. Studies on electronegative gases A study on the electrical properties of discharges in mixtures of SF6 with a non-electronegative gas, for applications in electrical power engineering has been carried out. The effective ionization coefficients, drift velocities and electron attachment coefficients have been determined for different mixture compositions of SF6 with a companion gas (He, Ar, CO2 , N2) from Boltzmann analysis. 18 4. OTHER ACTIVITIES OF CENTRO DE FUSÃO NUCLEAR 4.1. Participation in the management of the Fusion Programme § Some members of the Research Unit are delegates to Committees of the European Fusion Programme and of the European Fusion Development Agreement (Table 1). Name Member of Carlos Varandas CCE-FU11 EFDA Steering Committee FTC12 CFI13 Maria Emília Manso CCE-FU EFDA Steering Committee Fernando Serra EFDA JET Sub-Committee / STAC14 FPC15 / STAC J.P. Bizarro FPC / STAC Carlos Silva AFAC16 Table 1 – Participation of members of Centro de Fusão Nuclear in the management of the European Fusion Programme and of the European Fusion Development Agreement § Prof. Carlos Varandas is: - Chairman of the EFDA Steering Committee - Vice-Chairman of the “CCE-FU Special Working Group on Possible Joint Implementation of ITER”; - Member of the Steering Committees of the Bilateral Agreements of EURATOM with Russia, Japan and the US Department of Energy, in his position of Chairman of the EFDA Steering Committee. § Prof. Maria Emilia Manso is the Chairman of the International Advisory Board on Reflectometry § Prof. Fernando Serra is a EU member of the ITPA (International Tokamak Physics Activities) Topical Group on Diagnostics. 4.2. Organization of scientific meetings § CFN is in charge with the organization of the “IAEA Fusion Energy Conference”, to be held in Vilamoura, in October 2004. § Prof. Carlos Varandas: - Was the Chairman of the Programme Committee of the “29th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion”, 18-22 June 2002, Montreux. 11 CCE-FU means “Consultative Committee for the EURATOM Specific Research and Training Programme in the Field of Nuclear Energy (Fusion). 12 FTC means “Fusion Technology Committee”, a sub-committee of CCE-FU. 13 CFI means “Committee Fusion-Industry”, a sub-committee of CCE-FU. 14 STAC means “Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee”, a sub-committee of CCE-FU and EFDA Steering Committee. 15 FPC means “Fusion Physics Committee”, a sub-committee of CCE-FU. 16 AFAC means “Administrative and Financial Advisory Committee”, a sub-committee of CCE-FU and EFDA. 19 - Is member of the Programme Committee of the “30th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics”, to be held in July 2003, in S. Petersburg. 4.3. Collaboration in post-graduation programmes § CFN has proceed with the collaboration in post-graduation programmes of “Instituto Superior Técnico”, “Universidade de Coimbra” and “Universidade da Beira Interior”. Twenty Research Assistants (A. Silva, P. Varela, J. Santos, I. Nunes, F. Silva, T. Ribeiro, R. Gomes, B.B. Carvalho, H. Figueiredo, A. Batista, A.P. Rodrigues, J. Sousa, A. Combo, J. Belo, M.P. Alonso, J. Ferreira, F. Nabais, P. Belo, S.R. Cortes, B. Gonçalves) are carrying out Ph.D programmes, while four Research Assistants (T. Madeira, R.C. Pereira, D. Alves, P. Rodrigues) are performing Master programmes. § The following Ph.D Programmes were finalized in 2002: D1 - “Sistema de temporização e gestão de eventos para dispositivos experimentais de fusão nuclear” Jorge de Sousa, June 2002 D2 - “Automatic time-frequency analysis for plasma density profile evaluation from microwave reflectometry” Paulo Varela, July 2002 D3 - “O diagnóstico de espalhamentoThomson do tokamak ISTTOK” Manuel Peres Alonso, October 2002 D4 - “Transition-probability formulation of the electron kinetics during rf current drive of fusion plasmas” Jorge Belo, November 2002 § The following Master Programmes were finalized in 2002: M1 - “Discretização de operadores de Fokker-Planck unidimensionais em grelhas não - uniformes” Paulo Rodrigues, June 2002 M2 - “Sistemas de visão laser para inspecção de grandes máquinas de fusão” Rita Pereira, July 2002 M3 - “Dois diagnósticos de raios-X de análise de amplitude de impulsos para o tokamak TCV” Teresa Madeira, July 2002 20 4.4. Publications 4.4.1. Articles in scientific journals A1 - “A high-data-transfer-rate VME system for TCP-IP remote real-time control of the ITER invessel vision system” R. Pereira, N. Cruz, C. Neri, C. Correia and C. Varandas Fusion Engineering and Design, 60, (3) , 253, 2002 A2 - “A large memory, high transfer rate VME data acquisition system for the JET correlation reflectometer” N. Cruz, R. Pereira, M. Correia, L. Cupido, C. Correia and C. Varandas Fusion Engineering and Design, 60, (3) , 273, 2002 A3 - “A CORBA sharing and messaging server-client information system” H. Fernandes, J.P.A. Pereira and C. Varandas Fusion Engineering and Design, 60, (3) , 279, 2002 A4 - “A high performance real-time plasma control and event detection DSP based VME system” A.P. Rodrigues, C. Correia and C. Varandas Fusion Engineering and Design, 60, (3) , 435, 2002 A5 - “A distributed, hardware reconfigurable and packet switched real-time control and data acquisition system” A.J.N. Batista, A. Combo, J. Sousa and C. Varandas Fusion Engineering and Design, 60, (3) , 443, 2002 A6 - “Remote participation at JET Task Force work: users’ experience” W. Suttrop, D. Kinna, J. Farthing, O. Hemming, J. How, V. Schmidt, The EFDA-JET Remote Participation Users Group and EFDA-JET Work Programme contributers Fusion Engineering and Design, 60, (3) , 459, 2002 A7 - “Integrating discharge control and data acquisition at ASDEX Upgrade” G. Raupp, K. Behler, G. Neu, R. Merkel, W. Treutterer, D. Zasche, T. Zehetbauer and ASDEX Upgrade Team Fusion Engineering and Design, 60, (3) , 353, 2002 A8 - “On a variational approach to the extraction of quadratures from broadband reflectometry signals” A.C.A. Figueiredo and J.P.S. Bizarro Review Scientific Instruments, 73, (2) 289, 2002 21 A9 - “ELM mitigation by nitrogen seeding in the JET gas box divertor” J. Rapp, T. Eich, M. von Hellermann, L.C. Ingesson, S. Jachmich, G.F. Matthews, V. Philipps, G. Saibene and contributors to the EFDA-JET WorkProgramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (6) , 639, 2002 A10 - “The effect of CD4 puffing on the peripherical scrape-off layer in JET” G.F. Matthews, S.K. Erents, G. Corrigan, W. Fundamenski, I. Garcia-Cortes, J. Mailloux, C. Hidalgo, M.A. Pedrosa, V. Pericoli, J. Spence, C. Silva, J. Strachan and contributors to the EFDA-JET WorkProgramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (6) , 689, 2002 A11 - “Particle recirculation studies in JET” E. Tsitrone, J. Bucalossi, T. Loarer, Ph. Ghendrih, A. Loarte, P. Andrew, P. Coad, W. Fundamenski, M. Stamp, D. Coster and contributors to the EFDA-JET WorkProgramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (6) , 701, 2002 A12 - “Interpretation of recent power width measurements in JET MkIIGB ELMy H-modes” W. Fundamenski, S. Sipilä, G.F. Matthews, V. Riccardo, P. Andrew, T. Eich, L.C. Ingesson, T. Kiviniemi, T. Kurki-Suonio, V. Philipps and contributors to the EFDA-JET WorkProgramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (6) , 761, 2002 A13 - “Impurity behaviour in the ASDEX Upgrade divertor tokamak with large area tungsten walls” R. Neu, R. Dux, A. Geier, A. Kallenbach, R. Pugno, V. Rohde, D. Bolshukhin, J.C. Fuchs, O. Gehre, O. Gruber, J. Hobirk, M. Kaufmann, K. Krieger, M. Laux, C. Maggi, H. Murmann, J. Neuhauser, F. Ryter, A.C.C. Sips, A. Stäbler, J. Stober, W. Suttrop, H. Zohm and the ASDEX Upgrade Team Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (6) , 811, 2002 A14 - “Transport into and across the scrape-off layer in the ASDEX Upgrade divertor tokamak” J. Neuhauser, D. Coster, H.U. Fahrbach, J.C. Fuchs, G. Haas, A. Herrmann, L. Horton, M. Jakobi, A. Kallenbach, M. Laux, J.W. Kim, B. Kurzan, H.W. Müller, H. Murmann, R. Neu, V. Rohde, W. Sandmann, W. Suttrop, E. Wolfrum and the ASDEX Upgrade Team Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (6) , 855, 2002 22 A15 - “Properties of the new divertor Iib in ASDEX Upgrade” R. Neu, J.C. Fuchs, G. Haas, A. Herrmann, M. Laux, J. Neuhauser, F. Ryter, J. Gafert, O. Gruber, M. Kaufmann, B. Kurzan, V. Mertens, H.W. Müller, V. Rohde, A. Sips, J. Stober, B. Streibl, W. Treuterer and the ASDEX Upgrade Team Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (6) , 1021, 2002 A16 - “Influence of the q-profile shape on plasma performance in JET” C.D. Challis, X. Litaudon, G. Tresset, Yu F. Baranov, A. Bécoulet, C. Giroud, N.C. Hawkes, D.F. Howell, E. Joffrin, P.L. Lomas, J. Mailloux, M.J. Mantsinen, B.C. Stratton, D.J. Ward, K-D Zastrow and contributers to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme. Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1031, 2002 A17 -“Towards fully non-inductive current drive operation in JET” X. Litaudon, F. Crisanti, B. Alper, J.F. Artaud, Yu F. Baranov, E. Barbato, V. basiuk, A. Bécoulet, M. Bécoulet, C. Castaldo, C.D. Challis, G.D. Conway, R. Dux, L.G. Eriksson, B. Esposito, C. Fourment, D. Frigione, X. Garbet, C. Giroud, N.C. Hawkes, P. Hennequin, G.T.A. Huysmans, F. Imbeaux, E. Joffrin, P.J. Lomas, Ph. Lotte, P. Maget, M. Mantsinen, J. Mailloux, D. Mazon, F. Milani, D. Moreau, V. Parail, E. Pohn, F.G. Rimini, Y. Sarazin, G. Tresset, K.D. Zastrow, M. Zerbini and contributers to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1057, 2002 A18 - “Real-time control of internal transport barriers in JET” D. Mazon, X. Litaudon, D. Moreau, M. Riva, G. Tresset, Y. Baranov, A. Bécoulet, J.M. Chareau, F. Crisanti, R. Dux, R. Felton, E. Joffrin and contributers to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1087, 2002 A19 - “The formation and evolution of extreme shear reversalin JET and its influence on local thermal transport” N.C. Hawkes, Y. Andrew, C.D. Challis, R. De Angelis, V. Drozdov, J. Hobirk, E. Joffrin P. Lotte, D. Mazon, E. Rachlew, S. Reyes-Cortes, F. Sattin, E. Solano, B.C. Stratton, T. Tala, M. Valisa and contributers to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1105, 2002 A20 - “The role of axisymmetric reconnection events in JET discharges with extreme shear reversal” B.C. Stratton, J.A. Breslau, R.V. Budny, S.C. Jardin, W. Park, H.R. Strauss, L.E. Zakharov, B. Alper, V. Drozdov, N.C. Hawkes, S. Reyes-Cortes and contributers to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme 23 Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1127, 2002 A21 - “MHD stability with strongly reversed magnetic shear in JET” T.C. Hender, P. Hennequin, B. Alper, T. Hellsten, D.F. Howell, G.T.A. Huysmans, E. Joffrin, P. Maget, J. Manickam, M.F.F. Nave, A. Pochelon, S.E. Sharapov and contributers to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1143, 2002 A22 - “Electron heated internal transport barriers in JET” G.M.D. Hogeweij, Y. Baranov, G.D. Conway, S.R. Cortes, M.R. De Baar, N. Hawkes, F. Imbeaux, X. Litaudon, J. Mailloux, F.G. Rimini, S.E. Sharapov, B.C. Stratton, K-D Zastrow and contributers to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1155, 2002 A23 - “Turbulence behaviour during electron heated reversed shear discharge in JET” G.D. Conway, G.M.D. Hogeweij, M.R. de Baar, Yu Baranov, R. barnsley, N.C. Hawkes, X. Litaudon, J. Mailloux, E. Righi, F.G. Rimini, K-D Zastrow and contributers to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1167, 2002 A24 - “Impact of different heating and current drive methods on the early q-profile evolution in JET” T.J.J. Tala, V.V. Parail, A. Becoulet, C.D. Challis, G. Corrigan, N.C. Hawkes, D.J. Heading, M.J. Mantsinen, S. Nowak and contributers to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1181, 2002 A25 - “q=1 advanced tokamak experiments in JET and comparison with ASDEX Upgrade” E. Joffrin, R. Wolf, B. Alper, Yu Baranov, C.D. Challis, M. de Baar, C. Giroud, C.W. Gowers, N.C. Hawkes, T.C. Hender, M. Marachek, D. Mazon, V. Parail, A. Peeters, K-D Zastrow and contributers to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1203, 2002 A26 - “Microturbulence and flow shear in high-performance JET ITB plasma” R.V. Budny, R. Andre, A. Bécoulet, C.D. Challis, G.D. Conway, W. Dorland, D.R. Ernst, T.S. Hahm, T.C. Hender, D. McCune, G. Rewoldt, S.E. Sharapov and contributers to the EFDAJET Workprogramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1215, 2002 24 A27 - “Neutron emission from JET DT plasmas with RF heating on minority hydrogen” H. Henriksson, S. Conroy, G. Ericsson, G. Gorini, A Hjalmarsson, J. Källne, M. Tardocchi and contributers to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1253, 2002 A28 - “Transport in high normalized beta discharges on ASDEX Upgrade” Yong-Su Na, A.C.C. Sips, O. Gruber, J. Hobirk, G. Pereverzev and ASDEX Upgrade team Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (7) , 1285, 2002 A29 - “Analysis of ion cyclotron heating and current drive at ? ˜ 2? cH for sawtooth control in JET plasmas” M.J. Mantsinen, C. Angioni, L-G Eriksson, A. Gondhalekar, T. Hellsten , T. Johnson, M-L Mayoral, K.G. McClements, M.F.F. Nave, F. Nguyen, S. Podda, J. Rapp, O. Sauter, S.E. Sharapov, E. Westerhof and contributors to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme. Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (8) , 1521, 2002 A30 - “Empirical similarity in the probability density function of turbulent transport in the edge plasma region in fusion plasmas” C. Hidalgo, B. Gonçalves, M.A. Pedrosa, J. Castellano, K. Erents, A.L. Fraguas, M. Hron, J.A. Jiménez, G.F. Matthews, B van Milligen and C. Silva Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (8) , 1557, 2002 A31 - “Small-angle scattering and spatial resolution of fluctuation reflectometry: comparison of 2D analytical theory with numerical calculations” E.Z. Gusakov, g. Leclert, I. Boucher, S. Heraux, S. Hacquin, M. Colin, V.V. Bulanin, A.V. Petrov, B.O. Yakovlev, F. Clairet and X.L. Zou. Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (8) , 1565, 2002 A32 - “Triggering of internal transport barrier in JET” E. Joffrin, G. Gorin, C.D. Challis, N.C. Hawkes, T.C. Hender, D.F. Howell, P. Maget, P. Mantica, D. Mazon, S.E. Sharapov, G. Tresset and contributors to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme. Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, (8) , 1739, 2002 A33 - “Edge operational space for high density/high confinement ELMY H-modes in JET” R. Sartori, G. Saibene, M. Becoulet, P.J. Lomas, A. Loarte, D.J. Campbell, Y. Andrew, R. Budny, M.N.A. Beurskens, A. Kallenbach, V. Parail, W. Suttrop, J. Stober, K.D. Zastrow, M. Zerbini, R.D. Monk, and contributors to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme. Plasma Physics Controlled Fusion, 44, 1801, 2002 31 A68 - “The effect of ECRH on the stability of the radiation induced m=2 mode and on the current quench of a major disruption” F. Salzedas, A.A.M. Oomens, F.C. Schuller and the RTP Team Nuclear Fusion, 42, (7), 881, 2002 A69 - “Overview of results and possibilities for fast particle research on JET” J. Pamela, D. Stork, E. Solano, Yu.F. Baranov, D. Borba, C.D. Challis, H.P.L. de Esch, R.D. Gill, A. Gondhalekar, V. Kiptily, T. Johnson, M. Mantsinen, K.G. McClements, M. F.F. Nave, S.D. Pinches, O. Sauter, S.E. Sharapov, D. Testa and contributors to the EFDA.JET Workprogramme Nuclear Fusion, 42, (8), 1014, 2002 A70 - “Modelling of Alfvén waves in JET plasmas with the CASTOR-K code” D. Borba, H.L. Berk, B.N. Breizman, A. Fasoli, F. Nabais, S.D. Pinches, S.E. Sharapov, D. Testa and contributors to the EFDA.JET Workprogramme Nuclear Fusion, 42, (8), 1029, 2002 A71 - “Behaviour of disruption generated runaways in JET” R.D. Gill, B. Alper, M. de Baar, T.C. Hender, M.F. Johnson, V. Riccardo and contributors to the EFDA.JET Workprogramme Nuclear Fusion, 42, (8), 1039, 2002 A72 - “Scaling of the pedestal density in type-I ELMy H-mode discharges and the impact of upper and lower triangularity in JET and ASDEX Upgrade” A. Kallenbach, M.N.A Beurskens, A. Korotkov, P. Lomas, W. Suttrop, M. Charlet, D.C. McDonald, F. Milani, J. Rapp, M. Stamp, EFDA-JET Workprogramme contributors and ASDEX Upgrade Team Nuclear Fusion, 42, (10), 1184, 2002 A73 - “Experimental investigation of dynamical coupling between density gradients, radial electric fields and turbulent transport in the JET plasma boundary region” B. Gonçalves, C. Hidalgo, M.A. Pedrosa, K. Erents, G. Matthews, B. Van Milligen, E. Sánchez, C. Silva Nuclear Fusion, 42, (10), 1205, 2002 A74 - “Natural density formation as an H.mode operational limit” K. Borrass, ASDEX Upgrade Team and EFDA-JET Workprogramme collaborators Nuclear Fusion, 42, (10), 1251, 2002 32 A75 - “Control of sawteeth and triggering of NTMs with ion cyclotron resonance frequency waves in JET” E. Westerhof, O. Sauter, M.L. Mayoral, D.F. Howell, M.J. Mantsinen, M.F.F. Nave, B. Alper, C. Angioni, P. Belo, R.J. Buttery, A. Gondhaleker, T. Hellsten, T.C. Hender, T. Johnson, P. Lamalle, M.E. Maraschek, K.G. McClements, F. Nguyen, A.L. Péquet, S. Podda, J. Rapp, S.E. Sharapov, M. Zabiego and contributers to the EFDA JET Workprogramme Nuclear Fusion, 42, (11), 1324, 2002 A76 - “Modelling of mixed-phasing antenna-plasma interactions on JET A2 antennas” D.A. D’Ippolito, J.R. Myra, P.M. Ryan, E. Righi, J. Heikkinen, P.U. Lamalle, J.-M. Noterdaeme and Contributors to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme Nuclear Fusion, 42, (12), 1357, 2002 A77 - “Confinement physics of the advanced scenario with ELMy H-mode edge in ASDEX Upgrade” A.G. Peeters, O. Gruber, S. Günter, M. Kaufmann, H. Meister, G.V. Pereverzev, F. Ryter, A.C.C. Sips, J. Stober, W. Suttrop, G. Tardini, R.C. Wolf, H. Zohm and the ASDEX Upgrade team Nuclear Fusion, 42, (12), 1376, 2002 A78 - “Fluctuations, sheared radial electric fields and transport interplay in fusion plasmas” C. Hidalgo, M.A. Pedrosa and B. Gonçalves New Journal of Physics, 4, 51.1, 2002 4.4.2. Papers in international conferences • 2nd Meeting of the ITPA Topical Group on ITER Diagnostics San Diego, USA, 4-8 March 2002 C1 - “Progress in charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) and beam emission spectroscopy (BES) for ITER” M. von Hellermann, R. Jaspers, P. Lotte, A. Malaquias, S. Tugarinov C2 - “Study of mirror and Be coating effect on light polarization state – the ITER MSE case” A. Malaquias, P. Lotte, R. Giannella, P. Nielsen, C. Walker • 57th Annual Meeting of Physical Society of Japan, Kusatsu, Japan, 24-27 March 2002 C3 - “Research needs for ITER diagnostics” A.E. Costley, A. Malaquias, S. Tatsuo, G. Vayakis and C. Walker C4 - “Spectroscopic diagnostics for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)” T. Sugie, A. Costley, K. Ebisawa, A. Malaquias, C. Walker 33 • 15th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices, Gifu, Japan 27 April - 3 May, 2002 C5 - “Experimental Evidence of Fluctuations and Flows near Marginal Stability and Dynamical Interplay Between Gradients and Transport in the JET Plasma Boundary Region” C. Hidalgo, B. Gonçalves, M. A. Pedrosa, C. Silva, R. Balbín, M. Hron, A. Loarte, K. Erents, G. F. Matthews e R. Pitts C6 - “Runaway Effects at the Plasma Boundary in ISTTOK” V. V. Plyusnin, J. A. C. Cabral, H. Figueiredo, C. A. F. Varandas C7 - “Influence of Electrode and Limiter Biasing on the ISTTOK Boundary Plasma” C. Silva, H. Figueiredo, J. A. C. Cabral, B. Gonçalves, I. Nedzelsky, C. A. F. Varandas • 29th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Montreux, Suisse 17-21 June, 2002 C8 - “Observations of the onset of the energy quench in ASDEX Upgrade Density Limit Disruptions” F. Salzedas, G. Pautasso, I. Nunes, W. Suttrop, M. Maraschek, M.E. Manso and the ASDEX Upgrade Team C9 - “Edge Localized Modes and fluctuations in the JET SOL region” C. Hidalgo, M.A. Pedrosa, B. Gonçalves, C. Silva, R. Balbin, M. Hron, K. Erents, G. Matthews, A. Loarte C10 - “Plasma potential measurements by heavy ion beam probing in the TJ-II stellarator” A.A. Chmyga, N.B. Dreval, S.M. Khrebtov, A.D. Komarov, A.S. Kozachok, L.I. Krupnik, A.V. Melnikov, B. Gonçalves, A. Malaquias, I.S. Nedzelskiy, C.A.F. Varandas, T. Estrada, C. Hidalgo, J. López, E. de la Luna, M.A. Pedrosa C11 - “Confinement and stability on the TJ-II stellarator” E. Ascasíbar, C. Alejaldre, J. Alonso, L. Almoguera, A. Baciero, R. Balbín, M. Blaumoser, J. Botija, B. Brañas, A. Cappa, J. Castellano, R. Carrasco, F. Castejón, J.R. Cepero, A.A. Chmyga, J. Doncel, N.B. Dreval, S. Eguilior, T. Estrada, A. Fernández, C. Fuentes, A. Garcia, I. Garcia-Cortés, B. Gonçalves, J. Guasp, J. Herranz, C. Hidalgo, J.A. Jiménez, I. Kirpitchev, S.M. Khrebtov, A.D. Komarov, A.S. Kozachok, F. Lapayese, K. Likin, M. Liniers, D. LópezBruna, A. López-Fraguas, J. López-Rázola, A. López-Sanchez, E. de la Luna, A. Malaquias, R. Martín, M. Medrano, A.V. Melnikov, P. Méndez, K.J. McCarthy, F. Medina, B. Van Milligen, I.S. Nedzelskiy, M. Ochando, L. Pacios, I. Pastor, M.A. Pedrosa, A. de la Peña, A. 34 Portas, J. Romero, L. Rodríguez-Rodrigo, A. Salas, e. Sanchéz, J. Sanchéz, F. Tabarés, D. Tafalla, V. Tribaldos, C.A.F. Varandas, J. Vega and B. Zurro C12 - “Experimental evidence of turbulent transport near marginal stability in the plasma boundary region in the TJ-II stellarator” B. Gonçalves, C. Hidalgo, M.A. Pedrosa, E. Sánchez, B. Van Milligen C13 - “Fluctuation-induced turbulent transport and sheared flows close to instability threshold in the TJ-II stellarator” M.A. Pedrosa, C. Hidalgo, T. Estrada, B. Gonçalves, E. Ascasíbar, I. Pastor, J.A. Jiménez, A. López-Fraguas and the TJ-II team C14 - “Pulse height analysis X-ray spectroscopy in the TCV tokamak” T.I. Madeira, P. Amorim, B.P. Duval and C.A.F. Varandas C15 - “Real time signal analysis with TCV PHA diagnostic” T.I. Madeira, A.P. Rodrigues, P. Amorim, B.P. Duval and C.A.F. Varandas C16 - “Numerical study of spatial and temporal localization of magnetic modes using O-mode reflectometry” F. da Silva, S. Heuraux, M. Manso and S. Hacquin C17 - “Effect of the k-spectrum and the poloidal rotation of turbulence in reflectometry measurements” S. Hacquin, S. Heuraux, F. Silva, G. Leclert, M. Manso and F. Serra C18 - “Radial wave-number spectrum deduced from phase fluctuation spectrum given by a reflectometer” S. Heuraux, S. Hacquin, F. Silva, F. Clairet, R. Sabot, G. Leclert and M. Colin C19 - "Study of ELMs on ASDEX Upgrade using reflectometry measurements with high temporal and spatial resolution" I.Nunes, G.D.Conway, M.Manso, M.Maraschek, F.Serra, W.Suttrop, the CFN and ASDEX Upgrade teams C20 - "Current profile redistribution due to internal relaxation events in extreme reversed shear JET plasmas" S.R. Cortes, N.C. Hawkes, B.C. Stratton, M.F.F. Nave, D. Testa, P.A. Belo, E. Solano, V. Drozdov and C.A.F. Varandas 35 C21 - "Effect of micro-instabilities on runaway generation in tokamak disruptions" V.V. Plyusnin C22 - "On the motional stark effect diagnostic for ITER" P. Lotte, A. Malaquias, R. Giannella, M. von Hellermann, P. Nielsen, C. Walker C23 - "Progress in charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) and beam emission spectroscopy (BES) for ITER" M.von Hellermann, R. Jaspers, P. Lotte, A. Malaquias, S. Tugarinov C24 - "Location rational surfaces from reflectometer fluctuations " G.D. Conway, P.J. McCarthy, I. Nunes, A.C.C. Sips, F. Serra, S. Sesnic, M. Maraschek, A. Mück, W. Suttrop, M. Manso, ASDEX Upgrade and CFN Teams. C25 - "Simulation of the time behaviour of impurities in JET Ar-seeded discharges and its relation with sawteething" M.Mattioli, M.E.Puiatti, M.Valisa, I.Coffey, R.Dux, P.Monier-Garbet, M.F.F.Nave, J.Ongena, M.von Hellermann and contributors to the EFDA-JET workprogramme C26 - “Neoclassical Tearing mode control through sawtooth destabilization in JET” M.L. Mayoral, D.F. Howell1, O. Sauter, E. Westerhof, B. Alper, R.J. Buttery, T.C. Hender, M.J. Mantsinen, M.F.F. Nave and contributors to the EFDA JET workprogramme C27 - “Measurements of plasma potential fluctuations in the edge region of the ISTTOK plasma, using electron emissive probes” P. Balan, J.A.C. Cabral, H. Fernandes, H.F.C. Figueiredo, C. Ionita, R. Schrittwieser and C.A.F. Varandas • IAE Workshop on ELMs, JET, 24-26 June 2002 C28 - “ELM control by enhanced radiation” M. F. F. Nave, C. Ingesson, S.Jachmich, Z. Klaus-Dieter, T.C. Jones, K. Lawson, P. Lomas, G. Mathews, J. Ongena and contributors to the EFDA-JET workprogramme • 14th APS Topical Conference on High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics, Madison, USA 08-11 July, 2002 C29 - “Real time signal analysis with TCV PHA diagnostic” T.I. Madeira, A.P. Rodrigues, P. Amorim, B.P. Duval and C.A.F. Varandas 36 C30 - “High dispersion spectrometer for time resolved Doppler measurements of impurity lines emitted during ISTTOK discharges” R.B. Gomes, C.A.F. Varandas, J.A.C. Cabral, E. Sokolova and S.R. Cortes C31 - “Measurment of the Plasma Radial Electric Field by the Motional Stark Effect Diagnostic on JET Plasma” S. Reyes Cortes, N. C. Hawkes, P. Lotte, C. Fenzi, B. C. Stratton, J. Hobirk, R. De Angelis, F. Orsitto e C. A. F. Varandas C32 - “Comparative study design of a heavy ion and neutral beam diagnostic for ITER” A. Malaquias, I. Nedzelsky, B. Gonçalves, C. A. F. Varandas, A. Melnikov, L. Eliseev, S.Perfilov, O. Yudina and L. Krupnik C33 - “An Event-driven Reconfigurable Real-Time Processing System for the Next Generation Fusion Experiments” A. Combo, A. J. N. Batista, J. Sousa and C. A. F. Varandas C34 - “A low cost, fully integrated, event-driven, real-time control and data acqusition system for fusion experiments” A. J. N. Batista, A. Combo, J. Sousa and C. A. F. Varandas C35 - “Improved 20 keV injection system for the heavy ion beam diagnostic of the tokamak ISTTOK” J.A.C. Cabral, I.S. Nedzelskiy, A.J. Malaquias, B. Gonçalves, C.A.F. Varandas, I.S. Bondarenko, S.M. Khrebtov, A.D. Komarov, A.L. Kozachok, L.I. Krupnik. C36 - “Evaluation of the incident angle of the beam into 30-degree electrostatic energy analyzer directly during HIBP operation in plasma experiments” I.S. Nedzelskiy, A.J. Malaquias, B. Gonçalves, C.A.F. Varandas, J.A.C. Cabral, N.B. Dreval, S.M. Khrebtoc, A.D. Komarov, A.L. Kozachok, L.I. Krupnik. C37 - “On the use of the analytic signal to retrieve the phase from broadband reflectometry signals” A. C.A. Figueiredo and J.P.S. Bizarro C38 - “Velocity fluctuations and time dependent ExB flows in the JET boundary region” B. Gonçalves, C. Hidalgo, M.A. Pedrosa, C. Silva, K. Erents, G. Mathews C39 - “Plasma position measurements from ordinary FM-CW reflectometry on ASDEX Upgrade” J. Santos, J. Neuhauser, M. Manso, P. Varela and ASDEX Upgrade Team 37 C40 - “Electron temperature determination and subsequent analysis of short time-scale variation of plasma parameters in ISTTOK discharges” V.V. Plyusnin, J.A.C. Cabral, H. Figueiredo, C.A.F. Varandas C41 - “Conceptual design of the CXRS diagnostic for ITER” S. Tugarinov, A. Krasilnikov,V. Dokouka, R. Khayrutdinov, I. Beigman, I. Tolstikhina, L. Vainshtein, M. von Hellermann, A. Malaquias. C42 - “A low cost, real-time DSP-based diagnostic for the control of operation of a fusion experiment” B.B. Carvalho, H. Fernandes, C.A.F. Varandas. C43 - “Simulation of amplitude and phase variations induced by magnetic islands with turbulence on reflectometry signals” F. da Silva, S. Heuraux, S. Hacquin and M. Manso. C44 - “Radial kf-spectrum of fluctuations obtained from reflectometry phase data and validations with 1D and 2D simulations” S. Heuraux, S. Hacquin, F. da Silva, F. Clairet, R. Sabot and G. Leclert. C45 - “High resolution edge density measurements in ASDEX Upgrade H-mode discharges with broadband reflectometry” P. Varela, M.E. Manso, G.D. Conway, W. Suttrop, H. Zohm and ASDEX Upgrade Team. C46 - “Emissive probe measurements of the plasma potential fluctuations in the edge plasma region of the ISTTOK and CASTOR tokamaks” P. Balan, J.A.C. Cabral, R. Schrittwieser, H.F.C. Figueiredo H. Fernandes, C. Ionita, C.A.F. Varandas, J. Adamek, M. Hron, J. Stockel, E. Martines, M. Tichy and G. van Oost. • International Congress on Plasma Physics, Sidney, Australia, July 2002 C47 - “Applicability of electron emissive probes for plasma potential and electric field measurements in magnetised fusion plasmas” R. Schrittwieser, J. Adamek, P. Balan, J.A.C. Cabral, H. Fernandes, H.F.C. Figueiredo, C. Hidalgo, M. Hron, C. Ionita, E. Martines, M.A. Pedrosa, J. Stöckel, M. Tichy, G.van Oost and C.A.F. Varandas 38 • Theory of Fusion Plasmas Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop, Varenna, Italy, August, 2002 C48 - “Numerical analysis of the loss of sawtooth stabilisation by ICRH driven fast particles in low density discharges” F. Nabais, D. Borba, M. Mantsinen, F. Nave and S. Sharapov • 9th EU-US Transport Task Force Workshop, Córdoba, Spain 09-12 September, 2002 C49 - “On the radial propagation of edge localized modes and edge fluctuations in JET” B. Gonçalves, C. Hidalgo, M.A. Pedrosa, C. Silva, M. Hron, R. Balbín, B. Van Milligen, A. Loarte, K. Erents, G. Matthews C50 - “Parallel and poloidal sheared flows close to instability threshold in the TJ-II stellarator” M.A. Pedrosa, C. Hidalgo, B. Gonçalves, E. Ascasíbar, T. Estrada, J.A. Jiménez, A. LópezFraguas, I. Pastor and TJ-II Team C51 - “Plasma potential measurements by heavy ion beam probe in the TJ-II stellarator” A.A. Chmyga, N.B. Dreval, S.M. Khrebtov, A.D. Komarov, A.S. Kozachok, L.I. Krupnik, V.I. Tereshin, L.G. Eliseev, A.V. Melnikov, B. Gonçalves, A. Malaquias, I.S. Nedzelskiy, C.A.F. Varandas C52 - “Impact of ELMs on particle losses measured with microwave reflectometry on ASDEX Upgrade” I. Nunes, G.D. Conway, W. Suttrop, M.E. Manso, F. Serra, A. Loarte, G. Saibene, the CFN and ASDEX Upgrade teams. C53 - “Impurity transport in high density plasmas in JET and FTU” M.Valisa, L. Carraro, M.Mattioli, M.E. Puiatti, P. Scarin, M.F.F.Nave, L. Gabellieri • 3rd Meeting of the ITPA Topical Group on ITER Diagnostics Tajimi, Japan 17-21 September, 2002 C54 - “Status of the active spectroscopic systems for ITER” A. Malaquias, C. Walker, G. Vayakis, A. Costley, T. Sugie, S. Tugarinov, A. Gorshkov, M. von Hellermann, P. Lotte C55 - “Diagnostic integration issues” C.I. Walker, A. Costley, A. Malaquias, T. Sugie, G. Vayakis 39 • International Conference and School on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Alushta, Krimea, Ukraine 16-22 September, 2002 C56 - “TOF method in plasma potential measurements by HIBD” I.S. Nedzelskiy, A.J. Malaquias, B. Gonçalves, C.A.F. Varandas, J.A.C. Cabral C57 - “Accuracy of electrostatic energy analyser in HIBP diagnostic” I.S. Bondarenko, A.A. Chmuga, N.B. Dreval, S.M. Khrebtov, A.D. Komarov, A.S. Kozachok, L.I. Krupnik, I.S. Nedzelskiy C58 - “Ion beam injectors for plasma diagnostic” I.S. Bondarenko, A.A. Chmuga, G.N. Deshko, N.B. Dreval, S.M. Khrebtov, A.D. Komarov, A.S. Kozachok, L.I. Krupnik, I.S. Nedzelskiy • 19th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Lyon, France 14-19 October, 2002 C59 - “Experimental evidence of fluctuations and flows near marginal stability in the plasma boundary region in fusion plasmas” C. Hidalgo, B. Gonçalves, M.A. Pedrosa, B. Van Milligen, E. Sánchez, C. Silva, K. Erents, G.F. Matthews C60 - “Magnetic configuration nad transport interplay in the TJ-II flexible heliac experiment” C. Alejaldre, J. Alonso, L. Almoguera, E. Ascasíbar, A. Baciero, R. Balbín, M. Blaumoser, J. Botija, B. Brañas, A. Cappa, R. Carrasco, F. Castejón, J.R. Cepero, J. Doncel, S. Eguilior, T. Estrada, A. Fernández, C. Fuentes, A.García, I. García-Cortés, J. Guasp, J. Herranz, C. Hidalgo, J. A. Jiménez, I. Kirpitchev, F. Lapayese, K. Likin, M. Liniers, D. López-Bruna, A.López-Fraguas, J. López-Rázola, A López-Sánchez, E. de la Luna, R. Martín, M. Medrano, P. Méndez, K.J. McCarthy, F. Medina, B. van Milligen, M. Ochando, L. Pacios, I. Pastor, M.A. Pedrosa, A. de la Peña, A. Portas, J. Romero, L. Rodríguez-Rodrigo, A. Salas, E. Sánchez, J. Sánchez, F. Tabarés, D. Tafalla, V. Tribaldos, J. Vega and B. Zurro, A.A.Chmyga, N.B Dreval, S.M.Khrebtov, A.D.Komarov,A.S.Kozachok, L.I. Krupnik, A.V.Melnikov, B.Gonçalves, A.Malaquias, I. S.Nedzelskiy, C.A.F.Varandas, A.Petrov, K. Sarksian, N. Skvortsova C61 - “ITER diagnostics: design choices and solutions” A.E. Costley, A. Malaquias, T. Sugie, G. Vayakis and C. Walker C62 - “Physics R&D in support of ITER/BPX diagnostic development” A.J.H. Doné, R. Boivin, A.E. Costley, R. Giannella, D. Johnson, E.R. Hodgson, A. Kislyakov, A. Krasilnikov, Y. Kusama, T. Leonard, A. Malaquias, G. Mckee, P. Nielsen, T. Nishitani, W. 40 Peebles, F. Orsitto, R.A. Pitts, G. Razdobarin, J. Sanchez, M. Sasao, F. Serra, T. Shikama, V. Strelkov, T. Sugie, G. Vayakis, V. Voitsenya, K. Vukolov, C. Walker, G. Wurden, K. Young and V. Zaveriaev C63 - “Predicting the behaviour of magnetic reconnection processes in fusion burning plasma experiments” A.E. Costley, A. Malaquias, T. Sugie, G. Vayakis and C. Walker C64 - “Electrode and limiter biasing experiments on the tokamak ISTTOK” C. Silva, H. Figueiredo, J.A.C. Cabral, I. Nedzelskiy and C.A.F. Varandas C65 - “Experimental study of the stability of Alfvén eigenmodes on JET” D. Testa, A Fasoli, G. Fu, A. Jaun, D. Borba, P. De Vries, and JET-EFDA contributers. • 44th APS Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics C66 - “ELM control by enhanced radiation in JET Plsmas” M.F.F.Nave , S. Jachmich, L.C. Ingesson, J. Strachan, J. Ongena, G. Saibene, TTC Jones, K. Lawson, P. Thomas, G. Matthews, P. Andrew and EFDA-JET Contributors C67 - “Upgrade of the JET multichannel fluctuation and correlation reflectometer diagnostic” L Meneses, L. Cupido, N. Cruz, L. Kokonchev, E. Mazzucato, R. Prentice • Workshop on Active Control of MHD Stability: Extension of Performance, Columbia University, N.Y., 18-20 Nov., 2002 C68 - “Control of Edge MHD instabilities in JET” M.F.F.Nave 4.4.3. Papers in national conferences • 13ª Conferência Nacional de Física, Évora, 6-10 Setembro, 2002 C69 - “E-Lab, laboratórios robotizados interactivos” H. Fernandes, J. Pereira • II Congresso Ibérico de Espectroscopia, Coimbra, Portugal 16-21 September, 2002 C70 - “X-ray spectroscopy diagnostics in the tokamak TCV, in the frame of a collaboration between CFN and CRPP” T.I. Madeira, P. Amorim, B.P. Duval and C.A.F. Varandas 47 47) - "Laser photodetachment technique for the measurement of Hin a high frequency traveling wave discharge" F. M. Dias, E. Tatarova, H. Crespo, and C. M. Ferreira Review of Scientific Instruments 72, 1680 (2001). 48) - "Lenz-Ising model for elongated dust particles in a plasma" J. T. Mendonça, P. K. Shukla, R. Bingham Physics Letters A 282, 288 (2001). 49) - "MeV ions generated via coulombic explosions of atomic clusters" M. Eloy, R. Azambuja, J.T. Mendonca and R. Bingham Physica Scripta T89, 60 (2001). 50) - "A new method for high harmonic generation by cascaded four-wave mixing" J. T. Mendonça, H. Crespo, and A. Guerreiro Optics Communications 188, 383 (2001). 51) - "Proton and neutron sources using terawatt lasers" J. T. Mendonça, J. R. Davies, M. Eloy Measurement Science and Technology 12, 1801 (2001). 52) - "Quantum models for classical dust particles" J. T. Mendonça Physica Scripta T89, 55 (2001). 53) - "Second harmonic generation of eta(5)-monocyclopentadienyl ruthenium p-benzonitrile derivatives by Kurtz powder technique. Crystal and molecular structure determinations of [Ru(eta(5)-C5H5)((+)-DIOP)(p-NCC6H4NO2)][X], X = PF6-, CF3SO3and [RU(eta(5)- C5H5)((+)-DIOP)(NCCH3)][PF6]" M. H. Garcia, J. C. Rodrigues, A. R. Dias, M. F. M. Piedade, M. T. Duarte, M. P. Robalo, N. Lopes Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 632, 133 (2001). 54) - "Self-excited oscillations of charged dust grains in the plasma sheath" D. P. Resendes, P. K. Shukla Physica Scripta T89, 101 (2001). 48 55) - "Short pulse interaction experiments for fast ignitor applications" M. Borghesi, A. J. Mackinnon, R. Gaillard, G. Malka, C. Vickers, O. Willi, A. A. Offenberger, B. Canaud, J. L. MiquelL, N. Blanchot, J. R. Davies, A. Pukhov, J. Meyer-TerVehn Laser and Particle Beams 18, 389 (2001). 56) - "Study of the ion-distribution dynamics of an aluminum laser-produced plasma with picosecond resolution” M. Fajardo, P. Audebert, P. Renaudin, H.Yashiro, R. Shepherd, J. C. Gauthier, C. ChenaisPopovics Physical Review Letters 86, 1231 (2001). 57) - "X-ray emission from laser-irradiated gold targets with surface modulation" T. Desai, H. Daido, M. Suzuki, N. Sakaya, A. P. Guerreiro, K. Mima Laser and Particle Beams 19, 241 (2001). 58) - “Heliumlike geonium atom” A.M. Martins Physical Review A, 64, 023407 (2001). 5.2. Space Plasmas Group 1) - "Ion-acoustic damping effects on parametric decays of Alfvén waves: Right-hand polarization" L. Gomberoff, K. Gomberoff, and A.L. Brinca J. Geophys. Res.,106, 18713, 2001 2) - "On the stability of perpendicular particle drifts in cold magnetoplasmas" A.L. Brinca, F.J. Romeiras, and L. Gomberoff J. Geophys. Res.,107 (A7),doi:10.1029/2001JA900169, 2002. 3) - "Ion-acoustic damping effects on parametric decays of Alfvén waves: Right-hand polarization" L. Gomberoff, K. Gomberoff, and A.L. Brinca J. Geophys. Res.,107 (A7), doi: 10.1029/2001JA000265, 2002 4) - "On wave generation by perpendicular currents" A.L. Brinca, F.J. Romeiras, and L. Gomberoff, J. Geophys. Res., accepted for publication, 2002. 49 5.3. Gas Discharges and Gaseous Electronics 5.3.1. PhD thesis - Júlio Vieira Henriques, "Investigação teórica e experimental de plasmas em Ar e em misturas N2 – Ar produzidos por ondas de superfície" Doctorate Thesis, Tech. Univ. Lisbon (2002) 5.3.2. Papers 1) - A laser photodetachment technique for measurement of H— in a high frequency traveling wave discharge F. M. Dias, E. Tatarova, H. Crespo, and C. M. Ferreira Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 1680-1687 (2001). 2) - Experimental study of energy coupling and plasma breakdown in a high frequency resonant cavity A. Lacoste, F. M. Dias, C. Boisse-Laporte, and P. Leprince, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 3108-3114 (2001). 3) - Effect of gas heating on the spatial structure of a traveling wave sustained Ar discharge, J. Henriques, E. Tatarova, F. M. Dias, and C. M. Ferreira, J. Appl. Phys. 90, 4921-4928 (2001). 4) - Relaxation of the electron energy distribution function in the afterglow of a N2 microwave discharge including space-charge field effects V. Guerra , P. A. Sá, and J. Loureiro Phys. Rev. E 63, 46404-1/13 (2001). 5) - Role played by the N2(A 3?u+) metastable in stationary N2 and N2-O2 discharges V. Guerra, P. A. Sá, and J. Loureiro J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 34, 1745-1755 (2001). 6) - Role of long-lived N2(X 1Σg+,v) molecules and N2(A 3Σu+) and N2(a’ 1Σu-) states in the light emissions of an N2 afterglow J. Loureiro, P. A. Sá, and V. Guerra, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 34, 1769-1778 (2001). 7) - Spectroscopy study and modelling of an afterglow created by a low-pressure pulsed discharge in N2-CH4, C. D. Pintassilgo, G. Cernogora, and J. Loureiro, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 10, 147-161 (2001). 50 8) - Formation of H— ions via vibrational excited molecules produced from recombinative wall desorption of H atoms in a low-pressure H2 positive column J. Amorim, J. Loureiro, and D. Schram Chem. Phys. Lett. 346, 443-448 (2001). 9) - Molecular discharges sustained by a travelling wave, in “Microwave discharges: fundamentals and applications”, C. M. Ferreira, F. M. Dias, V. Guerra, and E. Tatarova, Yu. A. Lebedev (ed.), pp.15-25, Yanus-K, Moscow, Russia (2001). 10) - On the self-consistent modelling of a traveling wave sustained nitrogen discharge” V. Guerra, E. Tatarova, F. M. Dias, and C. M. Ferreira, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 2648-2661 (2002). 11) - “Wave driven N2-Ar discharge. I. Self-consistent theoretical model” J. Henriques, E. Tatarova, V. Guerra, and C. M. Ferreira J. Appl. Phys. 91, 5622-5631 (2002). 12) - “Wave driven N2-Ar discharge. II. Experiment and comparison with theory” J. Henriques, E. Tatarova, F. M. Dias, and C. M. Ferreira, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 5632-5639 (2002). 13) - “Optical emission spectroscopy and Langmuir probe characterisation of the sputtering plasma and its influence upon YBCO thin film properties” V. N. Tsaneva, T. I. Donchev, Tsv. Popov, F. M. Dias, Z. H. Barber, E. J. Tarte, M. G. Blamire, M. Hogg, F. Kahlmann, and J. E. Evetts, Physica C 372-376, 1087-1090 (2002). 14) - “Dispositif coaxial d’excitation micro-ondes pour l’ionisation de vapeur pulverisée par magnétron” C. Boisse-Laporte, O. Leroy, L. De Poucques, L. Teulé-Gay, J. H. A. Hagelaar, N. Kouassi,, D. Pagon, G. Gousset, L. Alves, P. Leprince, J. Bretagne, and M. Touzeau, Vide: Science Technique et Applications 304, 272-283 (2002). 51 15) - “Two-dimensional fluid modelling of charged particle transport in radio-frequency capacitively coupled discharges” A. Salabas, G. Gousset, and L. L. Alves, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 11, 448-465 (2002). 16) - “Effective ionization coefficients and electron drift velocities in gas mixtures of SF6 with He, Xe, CO2 and N2 from Boltzmann analysis” M. J. Pinheiro and J. Loureiro J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 35, 3077-3084 (2002). 17) - “An information-theoretic formulation of the Newton’s second law” M. J. Pinheiro, Europhys. Lett. 57, 305-309 (2002). 18) - “Large-scale plasmas excited by surface waves” F. M. Dias, E. Tatarova, and C. M. Ferreira Czech J. Phys. 52, D481-D484 (2002). 19) - “Wave driven molecular discharges as sources of active species” in “Spectroscopy of nonequilibrium plasma at elevated pressures” C. M. Ferreira, E. Tatarova, V. Guerra, F. M. Dias, and J. Henriques Proc. SPIE – Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., V. N. Ochkin (ed.), vol. 4460, pp.99-110, Bellingham, Washington, USA (2002). 20) - “Iterative method of evaluating the electron energy distribution function from probe measurements under collisional conditions” F. M. Dias and Tsv. K. Popov Vacuum – Surf. Eng., Surf. Instrum. & Vacuum Technol. 69, 159-163 (2003). 21) - “Kinetics of metastable atoms and molecules in N2 microwave discharges” V. Guerra, E. Tatarova, and C. M. Ferreira, Vacuum – Surf. Eng., Surf. Instrum. & Vacuum Technol. 69, 171-176 (2003). 22) - “Nitrogen dissociation in N2-Ar microwave plasmas” J. Henriques, E. Tatarova, V. Guerra, and C. M. Ferreira Vacuum – Surf. Eng., Surf. Instrum. & Vacuum Technol. 69, 177-181 (2003). 52 23) - “Wave driven molecular discharge as sources of active species” C. M. Ferreira, E. Tatarova, F. M. Dias, V. Guerra, J. Henriques, and M. Pinheiro, Vacuum – Surf. Eng., Surf. Instrum. & Vacuum Technol. 69, 183-187 (2003). 24) - “Emission spectroscopy of a surface wave sustained N2-H2 discharge” E. Tatarova, F. M. Dias, H. van Kuijk, and C. M. Ferreira, Vacuum – Surf. Eng., Surf. Instrum. & Vacuum Technol. 69, 189-193 (2003). 25) - “Charged particle transport modelling in silane-hydrogen rf capacitively coupled discharges” A. Salabas, G. Gousset, and L. L. Alves, Vacuum – Surf. Eng., Surf. Instrum. & Vacuum Technol. 69, 213-219 (2003). 26) - “Optical emission spectroscopy and Langmuir probe characterisation of the plasma during hight-pressure sputter deposition of high-Tc superconducting YBa2 Cu3O7-x thin film” V. N. Tsaneva, Tsv. Popov, F. M. Dias, E. J. Tarte, M. G. Blamire, J. E. Evetts, and Z. H. Barber Vacuum – Surf. Eng., Surf. Instrum. & Vacuum Technol. 69, 261-266 (2003). 27) - “Modeling of wave driven molecular (H2, N2, N2 -Ar) discharges as atomic sources” C. M. Ferreira, E. Tatarova, V. Guerra, B. Gordiets, J. Henriques, F.M. Dias, and M. Pinheiro, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., accepted for publication (2003). 28) - “Time-dependence of the electron energy distribution function in the nitrogen afterglow” V. Guerra, F. M. Dias, J. Loureiro, P. A. Sá, P. Supiot, C. Dupret, and Tsv. Popov, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., accepted for publication (2003). 29) - “Nonequilibrium positive column revisited” L. L. Alves, G. Gousset, and S. Vallée, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., accepted for publication (2003). 30) - “Electron and metastable kinetics in the nitrogen afterglow” V. Guerra, P. A. Sá, and J. Loureiro, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., accepted for publication (2003). 31) - “Dissociation mechanisms in nitrogen discharges” V. Guerra, E. Galiaskarov, and J. Loureiro, Chem. Phys. Lett., accepted for publication (2003).