Construction planning of a car shopping centre at Darius and Girènas Street Nº 15 in Vilnius

VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Student: Adrian, Anula López Supervisor: Jonas Saparauskas Language – English Statybos planavimas automobiliǐ prekybos centre, Dariaus ir Girơno g. 15 Vilniuje. Construction plannin of the car shopping center at Darius and Girơnas str. 15 in Vilnius. FINAL THESIS WORK VILNIUS, 2014 1 1. Architectural Part ..............................................................................Page 1 1.1 Descriptive Memory .............................................................Page 2 1.1.1 Introduction ............................................................Page 2 1.1.2 Location ..................................................................Page 2 1.1.3 Field .......................................................................Page 4 1.1.4 Distribution Of The Floors ......................................Page 4 1.2 Constructive Memory .....................................................................Page 5 1.2.1 Foundation .............................................................Page 5 1.2.2 Columns .................................................................Page 7 1.2.3 Walls ......................................................................Page 8 1.2.4 Roof ........................................................................Page 8 1.2.5 Slabs ......................................................................Page 8 1.2.6 Internal Walls And Partitions ..................................Page 11 1.2.7 Stairs ......................................................................Page 11 1.2.8 Façade ...................................................................Page 12 1.2.9 Instalations .............................................................Page 12 1.2.10 Fire Safety ............................................................Page 13 1.2.11 Health Conditions .................................................Page 13 1.2.12 Environment .........................................................Page 13 1.2.13 Disability Needs ....................................................Page 13 2. Technological Cards .........................................................................Page 14 2.1 Technological Card Of Foundation ......................................Page 15 2.1.1 General Description ................................................Page 16 2.1.2 Description Of Tecnology And Sequence Of Works .................................................Page 16 2.1.3 Human Safety.........................................................Page 19 2.1.4 Material-Technical Resources ................................Page 20 2.1.5 Quality Control........................................................Page 20 2.1.6 Labor Safety ...........................................................Page 22 2.1.7 Budget ....................................................................Page 26 2.1.7 Organization ...........................................................Page 28 2.2 Technological Card Of Assembling Of Frame ......................Page 29 2.2.1 General Description ................................................Page 30 2.2.2 Description Of Tecnology And Sequence Of Works ........................................................Page 30 2.2.3 Human Safety.........................................................Page 33 2.2.4 Material-Technical Resources ................................Page 33 2.2.5 Quality Control........................................................Page 34 2.2.6 Labor Safety ...........................................................Page 35 2.2.7 Budget ....................................................................Page 37 2.2.7 Organization ...........................................................Page 40 2 2.3 Technological Card Of Curtain Wall .....................................Page 41 2.3.1 General Description ................................................Page 42 2.3.2 Description Of Tecnology And Sequence Of Works ........................................................Page 42 2.3.3 Human Safety.........................................................Page 44 2.3.4 Material-Technical Resources ................................Page 44 2.3.5 Quality Control........................................................Page 45 2.3.6 Labor Safety ...........................................................Page 49 2.3.7 Budget ....................................................................Page 52 2.3.7 Organization ...........................................................Page 53 3.Organization Part ..............................................................................Page 55 3.1 Description Of The Territory .................................................Page 56 3.2 Selection Of Tower Crane ....................................................Page 57 3.3 Setting Of Dangerous Zone .................................................Page 63 3.4 Temporary Roads To The Building Place ............................Page 66 3.5 Temporary Storage Buildings And Sites ..............................Page 66 3.6 Temporary Buildings For Workers And Managing ...............Page 66 3.7 Temporary Electricity Supply ...............................................Page 67 3.8 Consruction Site Lightning ...................................................Page 67 3.9 Temporary Water Supply .....................................................Page 68 3.10 Temporary Sewerage ........................................................Page 69 3.11 Fence Of Construction Field ..............................................Page 69 3.12 Temporary Comunications .................................................Page 69 3.13 General Requirements Of Labor Safety .............................Page 70 3.14 Environmental Protection Requiremnts ..............................Page 71 3.15 Fire Protection Requirements ............................................Page 71 3.Bibliography .......................................................................................Page 72 1 1. ARCHITECTURAL PART 8 There will be columns of 30x30 cm of cross section for square columns, and 25 cm of diameter for round section columns (figure 1.7). We can find square columns on the axes A, B, C, D, E and F which meet the axes 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 on the first and second floor. We can find round columns on the axe 1 which meets the axes A, B, C, D, E and F. Axe I meets the axes 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Axe D meets the axes 1, 4, and 5. Axe H meets axe 3. Axe G meets axe 2. Axe A meets axe 4 on the first and second floor. Figure 1.7. Square and round column example 1.2.3 WALLS Interior walls are made of sandwich panel, gypsum and office partitions. Exterior walls are made of sandwich panels with corrugated tin and tin cartridges finished with sandwich panel and curtain wall. 1.2.4 ROOF The roof of the building has got an external rainwater drainage. We have a light roof structure (steel plates with thermal insulation). Roof flashings made of onelayer adhesive roller bituminous pavement. It has been used polystyrene foam as the main layer of rock wool insulation of the upper roof. 1.2.5 SLABS Building slabs are prestressed prefabricated floor slab and prefabricated beams (figure 1.8), is a kind of one-way slab. Slabs will contain: - Prestressed prefabricated floor slab. - Prestressed prefabricated beams. - Reinforced concrete beams. - Steel bar. 9 Figure 1.8. Floor slabs panels and beams Floor finished: -Tile: Automobile exhibition, washing-car and auto repair shops. -Carpet: Showroom, management room and Direction. -Concrete: Stock. 10 All the areas of the building (Table 1.1-1.2) are shown below: Below is shown all the areas of the building Table 1.1. First floor areas Number Name Area m 2 101 Automobile exhibition 489.55 102 Showroom 9.64 103 Showroom 9.64 105 Adapted bathroom 4.16 106 Bathroom 3.73 107 Bathroom 3.87 108 Corridor 6.76 109 Showroom 7.04 110 Showroom 7.04 111 Workshop room 15.37 112 Workshop 499.01 113 Maintenance area - 114 Washing-workshop 48.07 115 Maintenance 3.55 116 Technical room 4.32 117 Technical room 2.26 118 Workshop information 9.04 120 Stock parts 80.58 121 Stock guarantees 5.14 122 Stock cars oils and fluids 6.34 123 Stock 11.62 Total 1226.73 11 Table 1.2. Second floor areas Number Name Area m 2 201 Stock parts 24.08 202 Stock tires 23.92 203 Management room 10.05 204 Direction 10.05 205 Meeting room 43.10 206 Management room 10.84 207 Room 9.05 208 WC 1.45 209 WC 1.76 210 Kitchenette 10.51 211 Training room 13.38 212 Kitchenette 14.26 213 Gangway 7.07 214 Locker room 12.62 215 Toilet 2.53 216 Shower bath 2.56 217 WC 1.25 218 Technical room compressor 6.83 219 Technical space heating equipment 14.15 Total 219.46 1.2.6 INTERNAL WALLS AND PARTITIONS The internal walls will be modulated partitions: sandwich panel, gypsum and office partitions, depending on the rooms which it separates. - Office partitions: Showroom, management room, direction and training room. - Gypsum partitions: WC, bathroom and kitchenette. - Sandwich panel fire resistant: Stocks and garage perimeter. - Sandwich panel: Stocks partitions. Wall decoration depends on the room and its function. - Low Profile Sheets: Automobile exhibition part of garage's wall. - Protective cement board: Garage. - Wall tiles: Bathrooms. - Plaster painted white: Kitchenette. - Trim facade Cassettes: Inside of the trim facade panels. 1.2.7 STAIRS The interior space stairs are designed by prefabricated concrete on metal beams. 12 1.2.8 FACADE Facades will be made up with curtain wall and sandwich panel wall. The surface of the facade corresponding to the sandwich panel is 717.40 m 2 . This is located at the south facade and on the whole second floor of the building. That enhances the part on the first floor with curtain wall, making the customer focuses on the showroom. This system is obeying all requirements of safety, noise and thermal. The curtain wall and the sandwich panel combination makes the building looks modern. 1.2.9 INSTALATIONS Design water and wastewater network STR 2.07.01:2003. Connecting sewer codes and branch joints elbows should not be steeper than 45º angle and it is installed with the minimum number of bends. Domestic wastewater finds hot and cold water intended for the design of the mounting locations of the device. Node to provide water for irrigation of lawn care products and wellness. Water meter on the top and bottom frame counters must be removed and inspected. Systems for hot and cold water measurement should be able to read the data remotely. Water supply pipes are designed from plastic, pipes are insulated too. Heating and ventilation Heat networks: Connection to the district heating network in Vilnius Vilniaus energy 2010 05 24 No specifications issued. 10063 rd Designed un-ducted heat trail DN 48.3/110 to the factory insulation. The substation. Designed by 3 independent heating circuits node. Electric power Projected building is connected to an existing nearby transformer. Power consumption remains within the specifications issued. Electricity networks and electricity accounts designed on “Electrical installation of general rules for 2007”, STR 2.01.04:2004 Fire Safety. Basic requirements and energy facilities fire safety regulations. 13 1.2.10 FIRE SAFETY The building will meet the criteria of all the requirements of CTE-SI (technical construction code-fire safety). The facades, partitions and ceilings shall be fire resistant. Stairs design allows quick evacuation in case of fire. The building is designed for easy access by fire trucks. 1.2.11 HEALTH CONDITIONS The building has been designed to meet all the criteria hygiene standards according to the CTE-HS (technical construction code-health security). 1.2.12 ENVIRONMENT The building will be conditioned by the environment. Domestic wastewater is led to the current urban sewerage networks and treatment plants in the city. During all the works, the needs of the environment will be satisfied, being one of the most important issues. 1.2.13 DISABILITY NEEDS The first floor of the building is accessible for the disabled people, obeying all the necessary regulations. 14 2. TECHNOLOGICAL CARDS 15 2.1 TECHNOLOGICAL CARD OF FOUNDATION 16 2.1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION This technological card consists on the construction of deep foundation. The depth of piles is 5 m and the diameter is 40 cm. We are going to made reinforced concrete on-site piles. I choose this type of execution because is cheaper and we can control the whole process. 2.1.2 DESCRIPTION OF TECNOLOGY AND SEQUENCE OF WORKS The basics components of our foundation are: -Concrete HA-25 -Iron armors B500s CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE (Figure 2.1): 1. Drilling (Figure 2.2). 2. Withdrawal and concreting. 3. Steel cage installation. 4. Headed pile. 5. Beam formwork. 6. Beam steel cage. 7. Beam concrete. Figure 2.1. Piles construction sequence 17 Works order: 1. Piles staking (Figure 2.3) Each pile has to be correctly positioned in plane or “line”. The drilling must also be plumbed. We will work from centre lines: the lines will be marked on the ground. We will have a main line of piles, and then any line parallel to this one at a knowning distance can be used. 2. Connecting piles with beams. Each pile must be headed to release iron armor and so to connect the beams to the piles. After removing excess piles’ concrete armors must be unfolded for proper placement in beams. 3. Leave Columns starts. When we connect piles’ steel cage with beams, we have to put also columns starting in their right position. Figure 2.2. Pile drilling 24 During placement of armor: - Armed reinforcement for vertical suspension for an introduction in the pile will be made by guide ropes attached to the free end. Never with bare hands. - Similarly, the personal protective equipment for hands, feet and head should be used. - Employees will be trained and informed in the proper handling of loads, as the diverse nature of the teams. When the dimensions of the load, or the weight of the same warrant, handling charges are held by personnel. - Also, all entries made in relation to the handling and placement of reinforcement for working are taken into account. - Special emphasis will be given in this chapter at the manipulation of metallic elements dominated by the length over width, such as tubes, steel bars, etc. So that they can contact overhead power lines. - It is advisable to collect waste and scrap reinforcement, storing them in an appropriate place for further transporting to landfill. During filling of piles: - All nominations made to the tasks of "foundation” will be considered, with special attention and caring to all those scrupulous use of PPE required. - Dug wells waiting to be concreted or armored shall be protected by guardrail with a safety distance from not less than 1.5 m. - When a concrete pile cannot be ready before the end of the day, it will be placed on the wellhead a metal grille to prevent accidental falling into the well at night or during periods of rest. - Whenever workers over 1.5m closer to the well, they should wear anti fall system anchored to a strong point. - At all times, the work area should be kept with proper housekeeping. - Operators responsible for managing and assisting the drilling equipment will be familiar with the following preventive rules: o Note that this machine is dangerous and can cause accidents. Be careful in handling. Adhere to these preventive measures and avoid the possibility of accidents. o Before starting work check the tires or chains. Warn of possible damage. A tire blowout in service could prove a serious accident. o Do not allow access to machine controls to unauthorized or untrained, because they can cause accidents or damage to other operators. o Check the condition of the bit. Consider that rupture can cause serious accidents. o Never operate this machine in situation of damage or semi breakdown. Have it repaired first and then resume work. 25 o After stoping the work and before putting the machine back in service, check that all pressure cuffs are right. A sleeve breakage can lead to accidents o The engineer is the only person authorized to manage the machine on each shift. You will be trained and informed. o When the machine is running, the driver will not be allowed to leave. o The maneuvering area rig will be cleared of equipment and drilling outsiders. o The driver and helpers on the coordination will be trained and informed of movements between them. Also, observe maneuvers loosening tool employing key supported on the mast. o Personal hands protective equipment should be used be. o Periodically, before starting the activity, a procedure must be established to monitor the status of the essential pieces that have to do with the safety of the drilling. o Extraction of land and the load on the truck will not run simultaneously on the same pile. The burden of land from the excavation will take place where piles have already been concreted, thus avoiding interference between man and machine. o All machines will have flashing light (flashing and rotating light) and audible (beeping horn and reverse). o Workers involved in the pilot, waste land excavation or any other task in work areas where there is a presence of vehicles or mobile machinery, should wear high visibility clothing. PROTECTION GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL. Mesh tape and markings. Certificated safety helmet. Protective gloves (leather, latex, neoprene, etc). Hearing protectors. Safety boots with toe protection and security staff. Safety boots with high rubber (with muddy terrain), with template and toe. 26 2.1.7 BUDGET TECHNICAL-ECONOMICS INDICATORS 1. Quantity of works: 5 m x 60 Piles = 300 m. 2. Installation cost: 66.13€/m x 300 = 19,839€ or 68,444.55 Litas. 3. Works duration: 5 Days. 4. Wage: Specialist Steel: 300 x 11.20€/m = 3360€ or 11,592 Litas. Continuous flight auger: 300 meter x 15.72€/m = 4,716€ or 16,270.20 Litas. TECHNICAL-ECONOMICS INDICATORS 1. Quantity of works: 0.5 m x 60 Piles = 30 m. 2. Installation cost: 33.92€/m x 30 = 1,017.60€ or 3,510.72 Litas. 3. Works duration: 2 Days. 27 4. Wage: Construction helper: 30 x 10.47€/m = 314.10€ or 1,083.65 Litas. TECHNICAL-ECONOMICS INDICATORS 1. Quantity of works: 288 m 2 2. Installation cost: 19.63€/m 2 x 288 = 5,653.44€ or 19,504.37 Litas. 3. Works duration: 8 Days. 4. Wage: Steel worker: 288 x 6.77€/m 2 = 1,949.76€ or 6,726.67 Litas. Steel helper: 288 x 6.34€/m 2 = 1,825.92€ or 6,299.42 Litas. TECHNICAL-ECONOMICS INDICATORS 1. Quantity of works: 72 m 3 2. Installation cost: 151.44€/m 3 x 72 = 10,903.68€ or 37,617.70 Litas. 3. Works duration: 1 Days. 4. Wage: Steel worker: 72 x 1.10€/m 2 = 79.20€ or 273.24 Litas. Steel helper: 72 x 1.03€/m 2 = 74.16€ or 255.85 Litas. TOTAL 19,829+1,017.60+5,653.44+10,903.68 = 37,403.72€ or 129,042.83 Litas Id Modo de tarea Nombre de tarea Duración Comienzo 1 DRILLING 5 días lun 19/05/14 2 WITHDRAWAL AND CONCRETING 5 días lun 19/05/14 3 STEEL CAGE 5 días lun 19/05/14 4 HEADED PILE 3 días lun 26/05/14 5 BEAM 9 días jue 29/05/14 S D L M X J V S D L M X J V S D L M X J V S D L M X semana 1 semana 2 semana 3 semana 4 Tarea División Hito Resumen Resumen del proyecto Tareas externas Hito externo Tarea inactiva Hito inactivo Resumen inactivo Tarea manual Sólo duración Informe de resumen manual Resumen manual Sólo el comienzo Sólo fin Fecha límite Progreso Página 1 Proyecto: foundation Fecha: dom 08/06/14 30 2.2 TECHNOLOGICAL CARD OF ASSEMBLING OF FRAME 31 2.2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION This technological card consists in the construction of concrete frame, and steel frame and roof. The building length is 31.25 m and width is 25.25 m. We are going to use reinforced concrete columns 30x30cm for the columns and CHS ∅25 cm for metal columns with concrete filler, and inverted warren type truss for roof and metal sections type IPE 200 for beams. The truss and metal beams are only a direction and upon it rests the roof. The roof drains water only one side with a slope of 3%. I choose this kind of material for the realization of frame for it is quick and easy installation. 2.2.2 DESCRIPTION OF TECNOLOGY AND SEQUENCE OF WORKS The basics components of our frame are: -Prefabricated reinforced concrete columns 30X30 cm -CHS 244.5x6 mm filled with concrete -IPE 200 -UPN 100x50 mm -L profile 60x40x5 mm The truss (Figure 2.4)measured is 14.9, 13.4 and 11.2 m. Truss come already assembled and is composed of: -RHS 100x100x5 mm -RHS 80x80x5 mm -RHS 60x60x5 mm Figure 2.5. Truss 32 Roof will be mounted on works and is composed of: - Profiled sheets with heat insulation - Adhesive roller bituminous pavement - Insulation polystyrene foam - Rock wool insulation CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE: 1. Pillars staking. 2. Connect columns with foundations. 3. Connect columns with beam and trusses (Figure 2.5). 4. Raise trusses and beams that need assembling with crane. 5. Assembly work uploaded to a scaffold. 6. Connect the trusses with diagonal stabilizing. 7. Leave holes in the roof for skylights. 8. Put the different layers of the roof. Figure 2.6. Beams and trusses. 33 Works order: 1. Pillars staking Each column has to be correctly positioned in plan or line, but also correct in level and in orientation. It must also be plumb. We will work from centre lines: the lines will be marked on the ground. We will have a main line of columns, to be erected will need guying if the holding-down bolt group is not sufficiently strong. 2. Connect columns with foundations The top surface of the concrete foundation is set slightly low to permit steel nuts to be packed beneath the steel column’s base plate. The steel base packs are placed and leveled before erection of columns. • Prefabricated reinforced concrete column Put the columns in vertical over the bolts with the help of a crane and place washers and nuts higher. Rest the column between 10% and 20% of column weight to be able to level it. Plumb the column and all connections tight and proceed to rest the column weight. Fill the joint with mortar Grout. • Metal columns with concrete filler Level nuts and washers lower. Take one benchmark. Put the motherboard and screw the upper nuts. Fill the joint with mortar Grout. Fill the column with concrete. 3. Connect columns with beam and trusses Connect the beams and trusses threading screws and nuts. Raise trusses and beams that need assembling with the crane. Make assembly work uploaded to a scaffold. 4. Raise trusses and beams that need assembling with crane 5. Assembly work uploaded to a scaffold 6. Connect the trusses with diagonal stabilizing 7. Leave holes in the roof for skylights 8. Put the different layers of the roof 34 2.2.3 HUMAN SAFETY The work will be carried out in accordance “with health and safety rules in construction request”. 1. Workers are allowed to work only with the knowledge of safety equipment. 2. Each worker must use protective equipment (special clothing, footwear and gloves) 3. Unnecessary collection of materials and debris from the workplace. 4. Should be grounded electrical equipment. 5. Must be all electrical devices absolutely clean. 6. All cables must be in perfect condition. 2.2.4 MATERIAL-TECHNICAL RESOURCES Below could be seen a table with the tools, mechanism and materials needed (Table 2.2). (Table 2.2).Tools, mechanism and materials for assembling of frame. Number Name Quantity 1 TOOLS 1.1 Metal roulette 2PK 2 1.2 Ladder platform with 10m 2 1.3 Hammer ST-1 3 1.4 Electrodes 42A 2 1.5 Levels Topcon AT-B4 1 1.6 Crowbar LM-24 2 1.7 Building level 700mm 2 1.10 Theodolite Prexiso T.O.2 1 1.11 Guying weight 13.3 Kg 2 1.12 Visor welding 2 1.13 Helmet 12 1.14 Security belts 2 1.15 Metal brushes 2 1.16 Chemical cleaning detail and found 2 1.17 Chalk axes marked 2 1.18 Wrench 2 2 MECHANISMS 2.1 Electric welding machine for Tc-500 Q=1.2kW 1 2.2 Crane 130 EC-B6 1 2.3 Traverse TS-12, 5 weight 242 Kg 1 2.4 Hook and versatile sling 4 3 Structures and materials bored piles installed Construction 3.1 Trusses 9 Material 3.2 Anchor bolts 362 Id Modo de tarea Nombre de tarea Duración Comienzo 1 COLUMNS ANCHORAGE PLATE 2 días jue 22/05/14 2 ROUND COLUMN 4 días lun 26/05/14 3 PREFABRICATED REINFORCED COLUMNS 2 días vie 30/05/14 4 ROOF ANCHORAGE PLATE 2 días mar 03/06/14 5 TRUSSES 4 días jue 05/06/14 6 STEEL BEAMS 12 días mié 11/06/14 X J V S D L M X J V S D L M X J V S D L M X J V S D L M X J V S D L M X J V semana -1 semana 1 semana 2 semana 3 semana 4 semana 5 Tarea División Hito Resumen Resumen del proyecto Tareas externas Hito externo Tarea inactiva Hito inactivo Resumen inactivo Tarea manual Sólo duración Informe de resumen manual Resumen manual Sólo el comienzo Sólo fin Fecha límite Progreso Página 1 Proyecto: structure Fecha: dom 08/06/14 42 2.3 TECHNOLOGICAL CARD OF CURTAIN WALL 43 2.3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION In this technological card we will focus on analyzing the installation of the curtain wall. The surface of the facade corresponding to the curtain wall is 254.02 m 2 . This is the North and west facades. This system is meeting all the criteria requirements of safety, noise and thermal. There are more modern solutions. The curtain wall makes the building looks sophisticated and modern. And it is a perfect combination with the other types of facades. 2.3.2 DESCRIPTION OF TECNOLOGY AND SEQUENCE OF WORKS Curtain wall is a highly developed type of façade over the last years in Lithuania because it protects the facade in reformation cases. There are many types of curtain wall. I have chosen this kind of curtain wall because it has not pronounced joints where water can enter and it damages the joints with the frozen and unfrozen periods. The brand of our curtain wall supplier will be “TECHNAL”. This curtain wall consists in an auxiliary frame where put glass modules (Figure 2.6). The dimensions of our curtain wall modules are principally two: 1000x2400x14 and 1100x2500x14 mm. Figure 2.7. Curtain wall details 44 CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE: 1. Transportation, storage and handling. 2. Anchorage and connection provision. 3. Connections’ stakeout. 4. Installation arrangement. 5. Placement of the upright with the help of the crane. 6. Glazing of the auxiliary structure with the help of the crane. 7. Final fixing and inspection. Works order: 1. Transportation, storage and handling We have to check the materials: auxiliary frame and modules, and leave them where we have planned. 2. Anchorage and connection provision Before using the concrete on the first floor we have to do a study of the connection of the auxiliary frame with the main frame. 3. Connections’ stakeout Before using the concrete on the first floor we have to mark where the connectors and the correct place of auxiliary frame will be placed. 4. Installation arrangement Before starting with the installation we have to check and put the stanchions order to see if everything is right and ready to get the curtain wall just as we had planned. 5. Placement of the stanchions with the help of a crane Use a crane to lift the stanchions and place them in their correct position. 6. Glazing of the auxiliary structure with the help of the crane Two workers will have to get on the lifting platform and fix the glass modules in the correct place. 7. Final fixing and inspection A supervisor has to check the connections done. 45 2.3.3 HUMAN SAFETY The work will be carried out in accordance “with health and safety rules in construction request”. 1. Workers are allowed to work only with the knowledge of safety equipment. 2. Each worker must use protective equipment (special clothing, footwear and gloves) 3. For welds, workers should wear gloves and goggles. 4. Unnecessary collection of materials and debris from the workplace. 5. Should be grounded electrical equipment. 6. Must be all electrical devices absolutely clean. 7. All cables must be in perfect condition. 2.3.4 MATERIAL-TECHNICAL RESOURCES Below could be seen a table with the tools, mechanism and materials needed (Table 2.3). Table 2.3.Tools, mechanism and materials for assembling of curtain wall Number Name Quantity 1 TOOLS 1.1 Metal roulette 2PK 2 1.5 Levels Topcon AT-B4 1 1.10 Theodolite Prexiso T.O.2 1 1.11 Guying weight 13.3 Kg 2 1.12 Visor welding 2 1.13 Helmet 6 1.14 Security belts 4 1.15 Metal brushes 4 1.16 Chemical cleaning detail and found 4 2 MECHANISMS 2.2 Crane 130 EC-B6 1 2.3 Traverse TS-12, 5 weight 242 Kg 1 2.4 Hook and versatile sling 4 46 2.3.5 QUALITY CONTROL 1. Design Data Submit structural and thermal calculations for complete wall assembly. Structural calculations and design shop drawings shall be signed and sealed by a structural engineer registered in state in which project is going to be located. 2. Factory Test Reports Test reports: provide certified test reports, for each of following listed test, from a qualified independent testing laboratory showing that curtain wall system assembly has been tested in accordance with specified test procedures and complies with performance characteristics as indicated by manufacturer’s testing procedures. Manufacturer shall submit appropriate testing numbers for specific test: 1) Deflection and structural test. 2) Water penetration test. 3) Air infiltration test. 4) Delaminating test. 5) Thermal conductance test. 6) Sound transmission. 7) Submit factory required except that where a curtain wall system or component of similar type, size and design as specified for this project has been previously tested within last year, under conditions specified herein, resulting test may be submitted in lieu of listed testing. 3. Manufacturer’s Certificates: Submit Certificates of Compliance, with specification requirements for: 1) Metal extrusions. 2) Metal accessories. 3) Stating that aluminum has been given specified thickness of anodizing or organic coating finish. 4) Indicating manufacturer’s and installer’s meet qualifications as specified. 5) Submit list of equivalent size installations, for both manufacturer and installer, which have had satisfactory and efficient operation. 47 4. Manufacturer’s Field Reports: Submit field reports of manufacturer’s field representative observations of curtain wall installation indicating observations made during inspection at the beginning of project, during installation and conclusion of the project. Indicate results of field testing, and any directions given by the Contractor for corrective action. INSTALLATION 1. Installation and erection of glass wall system and all components shall be in accordance with written directions of curtain wall manufacturer, and match profiles, sizes and spacing indicated on approved shop drawings. 2. Bench marks and reference points: establish and permanently mark bench marks for elevations and building line offsets for alignment at convenient points on each floor level. Any mistake or discrepancy should be discovered in location of marks, stop erection work in that area until discrepancies have been solved. 3. Ensure that drainage system operates rightly. 4. Do not proceed with structural silicone work when temperature is below 0ºC degrees. 5. Isolate between aluminum and dissimilar metals with protective coating or plastic strip to prevent electrolytic corrosion. 6. Install curtain wall system so as to maintain a virtually flat face cap, with no visible bowing. 7. Install an entire system so that fasteners are not visible. 8. Tolerances: • Maximum variation from plane or location shown on approved shop drawings: 3 mm per 3600 mm of length up to not more than 13 mm in any total length. • Maximum offset from true alignment between two identical members abutting end to end in line: 0.8 mm. • Sealant space between curtain wall mullion and adjacent construction: Maximum 19 mm and minimum 6 mm. 48 9. Door: 1) Install door in accordance with details indicated and approve shop drawing details. 2) Seal exterior metal joints among members of doors, frames, mullions and mullion covers in accordance. Remove excess of sealant. 3) After installing and glazing the doors, adjust the ventilators and hardware for operating smoothly and to be weather-tight when ventilators are closed and locked. Lubricate the hardware and moving parts. 4) Install to make weather-tight contact with frames when ventilators are closed and locked. Do not cause binding of sash or prevent ventilator closing and locking. 5) Provide for ventilating sections of all windows to insure a weather-tight seal meeting infiltration tests specified. Use easily replaceable factoryapplied weather-stripping of manufacturer’s stock type. 10. Joint Sealants: • Surfaces to be primed and sealed should be clean, dried when touching, free from frost, moisture, grease, oil, wax, lacquer, paint or other foreign matter. Enclose joints on three sides. Clean out grooves to proper depth. Joint dimensions should conform to approve detail drawings with a tolerance of plus 3 mm. do not apply compound unless ambient temperature is between 5 and 35 ºC degrees. Clean out loose particles and mortar just before sealing. Remove protective coatings or covering from surfaces in contact with sealants before applying sealants or tapes. Solvents used to remove coatings should be typed as those which leaves no residue on metals. • Match approved sample. Force compound into grooves with pressure enough to fill grooves solidly. Sealing compound shall be uniformly smooth and free of wrinkles and, unless indicated otherwise, shall be tooled and left sufficiently convex to result in a flush joint when drying. Do not trim edges of sealing material after joints are tooled. Mix only amounts of multi-component sealant which can be installed within four hours, but at no time shall this amount exceeds 19 liters. • Apply primer to masonry, concrete, wood and other surfaces as recommended by sealant manufacturer. Do not apply primer to surfaces which will be exposed after caulking is completed. • Tightly pack backing in bottom of joints which are over 13 mm in depth with specified backing material to depth indicated or specified. Roll backing material of hose or rod stock into joints to prevent lengthwise stretching. • Install bond preventive material at back or bottom of joint cavities in which no backstop material is required, covering full width and length of joint cavities. 49 • Remove compound smears from surfaces of materials adjacent to sealed joints as work progresses. Use masking tape on each side of joint where texture of adjacent material will be difficult to clean. Remove masking tape immediately after filling joint. Scrape off fresh compound from adjacent surfaces immediately and rub clean with approved solvent. Upon completion of caulking and sealing, remove remaining smears, stains and other soiling and leave work in cleaning neat condition. 11. Glass • Install in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations as modified herein. • Before installing glass, inspect sash and frames to receive glass for defects such as dimensional variations, glass clearances, open joints or other conditions that will prevent satisfactory glass installation. Do not proceed with installation until defects have been corrected. • Clean sealing surfaces at perimeter of glass and sealing surfaces of rebates and stop beads before applying glazing compound, sealing compound, glazing tape or gaskets. Use only approved solvents and cleaning agents recommended by compound or gasket manufacturer. All sashes shall be designed for outside glazing. Provide continuous snap in glazing beads to suit glass as specified. • Insulate and tempered glass and glass of other types that exceed 100 united inches in size: Provide void space at head and jamb to allow glass to expand or move without exuding sealant. Perimeter frames and ventilator sections shall have glazing rebates providing an unobstructed glazing surfaces 19 mm in height. Glazing rebate surfaces must be sloped to shed water. • Provide adequate means to weep incidental water and condensation away from sealed edges of insulated glass units and out of wall system. Weeping of lock-strip gaskets should be in accordance with recommendation of glass manufacturer. 50 2.3.6 LABOR SAFETY Ri sk Chance Consequences Rated - Falls of staff at the same level. . Medium Slightly harmful Tolerable - Falls of persons at different levels High Extremely harmful Important - Stepping on objects Low Slightly harmful Tolerable - Run over people Low Extremely harmful Moderate - Dump, shock and incorrect operation of elevation equipment Medium Extremely harmful Important - Cuts with sharp edges of the structure Medium Slightly harmful Tolerable - Entrapments Low High harmful Moderate PREVENTIVE MEASURES. During unloading and storage of materials and equipment: - The material will be gathered in one place preset in advance. - This location is conveniently signaled and facing the movement of vehicles on site. - Collecting items to be arranged neatly and in groups. - If the stored elements were able to move, as in the case of tubes, they will be propped to avoid undesired movement of materials. - When these materials were stored points or sharp elements previously removed, such as planks. - If the ground is soft, it will place rigid base materials to make the role of burden-sharing, and not sink into the ground. - Own training and information measures relating to cargo handling, discussed in previous sections will be taken. - Helmet, boots and gloves: the personal protective equipment provided should be used. 57 3.2 SELECTION OF TOWER CRANE In this part it is explained why we choose our tower crane LIEBBHERR 130 EC-B6. Tower crane are selecting by two ways: • According to technical parameters. • According to economical parameters In this task we are going to use the first way, we are going to select our crane according to technical parameters. This way is dividided into two steps: 1. Tower crane selection when the underground and over-ground works are fulfilling. 2. Tower crane selection when only the over-ground works are fulfilling. Calculation of technological parameter of tower crane. First of all we have to know the following parameters: 1. Building dimensions and location (underground and over-ground parts). 2. Weights, dimensions and location of installing constructions. 3. Work conditions (building site particularities, soil characteristics and underground structures peculiarities). We must check if crane technical characteristics match the inequalities: Qk>Qr Hk>Hr Lk>Lr Qkascension power of selected crane ,t. Qrrequired ascension power, t. Hkreach of selected crane boom, m. Hrrequired reach of crane boom, m. Lk-lifting height of selected crane hook, m. Lrrequired lifting height of hook, m. The technological parameters of crane are calculated according to the building characteristics. The required crane is selected according to crane technical characteristics table. 58 Tower crane selection when the underground and over-ground works are fulfilling. First of all we are going to determinate height requires of hook lifting: Hr= Building height + 3m= 7.2+3=10.2m Then the ascension power of crane: Qr= P + Pstr = 2.5+0.15= 2.65t P-weight of heaviest lifting construction, t (in our case concrete for columns) Pstrweight of hitching equipment, t When the values of Lr, Hr and Qr are calculated, the crane could be selected. Whereas for determining the reach of crane boom Lr, will be needed to know the under crane width of supports and dimensions of platform turn. These values are found in crane diagrams. The reach of crane boom Lr is calculated according to our needs. I decide to put the crane in the floor of the building, in the south-west corner, because in this corner we haven’t facade, so the crane doesn’t disturb us in the constructive process and it can minimize the tower arm length. Lr = 35 m. When we know the values of Lr, Hr and Qr, the crane could be selected using the diagrams of the tower crane. The diagrams show that the crane we can use is LIEBBHERR 130 EC-B6. Qk>Qr 3t>2.65t Hk>Hr 17.2m>10.2m. Lk>Lr 35m>32.5m As we can see, the crane we have selected is capable of performing the required works. 63 3.3 SETTING OF DANGEROUS ZONE During the installment works in some parts of the construction site, bars, workplaces and crossings the dangerous areas are appearing. During the construction such areas are known as dangerous zones. At the beginning of construction works and during construction dangerous zones, in which constantly arise or may arise risk factors should be determined. The dangerous zones are dividing into two groups: 1. Dangerous zones in which dangerous and/or hazardous factors constantly affect the processes. 2. Dangerous zones in which dangerous factors could appear. - Dangerous zones in which dangerous and/or hazardous factors constantly affect the processes, are: • Near the electrical equipment with non-insulated parts electric current • Fenceless zones at a height when height difference is 1.3 m higher • Place where hazardous wastes and/or the concentration of harmful substances in workplace air may exceed the limit values. (Table 3.1) Limiting the dangerous zones from the fenceless un-insulated parts of the electrical equipment Voltage, kW Distances, limiting the dangerous zones from the fenceless un-insulated parts of the electrical equipment or from the vertical plane, which is the nearest power line wire, with a projection on the land, m <1 1.5 1-20 2.0 35-110 4.0 150-220 5.0 330 6.0 500-750 9.0 800(current) 9.0 The limits of dangerous zones where the risk factors of harmful substances exceeding appears should be determined by measurement. 2. Dangerous zones in which dangerous factors could appear are: • Near buildings under construction and assembling/dismantling buildings structures or equipment. • Places over which the structures or equipment installation/dismantling works are executing. • Places over which loads are lifting and transported by cranes. • Places where the machinery, their parts or work equipment are moving. 64 The determination of crane dangerous zones The limits of dangerous zones where there is a transfer of elements performed by crane are determined by calculations, the sum of horizontal projection of lifted element, the maximum length of biggest elements and its possible fall distance. Due to the conditions surrounding our lot we have to consider our danger zone should not override existing buildings. Then, let put some limitations on the movement of loads with the crane: - Raise the load vertically to a reasonable height, and then carry the load to the centre turning radius to reduce the area of danger zone. - The projection of the arm of crane will not be performed on existing buildings. The next risk will be considered: -Presence of obstacles. -Areas of way. -Jobs in proximity to high voltage power lines. The prevention measures are established on the basis of the following legal text: -Royal Decree 836/2003 of 27 June, approving a new Technical Instruction “MIEAEM2” Regulations Lifting and handling equipment, referring to tower cranes for construction or other applications. -Royal Decree 1215/1997 of 18 July, laying down minimum safety and health for use by workers in teams. 65 Presence of obstacles In paragraph 7.3 of the UNE 58-101-92, states: “The vertical clearance between the pen and the last area of movement of personnel shall be minimum 3 meters. If the load or empty hook passes within 3 meters of the area (Figure 3.1), will be necessary placed on it enough to prevent the indicators of his approach.” This means that when the crane weathervane turn must respect the distances. And the area, which inevitably we must consider the burden. We are not inclined to use signaling and also taking into account the flexibility of these structures, walkways in paragraph 4.1 of the UNE 58-101-92 states: ”The minimum clearance for the passage of personnel, among the most prominent parts of the crane and any obstacle is 0.60 meters wide and 2.50 meters high. In case of failure application of this condition will prohibit the access of staff to this area dangerous”. We have considered a minimum distance between the tip of the arrow and the nearest obstacle of 2 meters(Figure 3.1). (Figure 3.1). Diagram of tower crane safety distances. 66 3.4 TEMPORARY ROADS TO THE BUILDING PLACE Temporary roads are built to bring construction materials. Temporary roads are built combining existing roads to reach warehouses, work places, machines, etc. outside the building place. There are two different ways of temporary roads. The wide of the road has to be at least 6 meters, and the smallest distance from the road to the storage place is 1 meter. These roads are built to ensure easy driving to the building place and fast work. 3.5 TEMPORARY STORAGE BUILDINGS AND SITES The construction site will contain two storage buildings model C20-P on the east side of the field (6x2.44x2.60 m) to store all tools; also we will need one on covered site (according the length of truss) on west side of the construction plot. 3.6 TEMPORARY BUILDINGS FOR WORKERS AND MANAGING All the staff will have their own temporary buildings to satisfy all their needs. We calculate all the necessary temporary buildings knowing the workers volume. According on “Royal Decree 486/1997, of 14 of April laying down general provisions minimum safety and health in the workplace” approaching the changing surface of 2 m 2 per worker. The maximum number of workers that we will have working at same time will be 33. So we calculate 66 m 2 of surface for temporary changing building. 1 sink/ 10 workers 1 shower/ 10 workers 1 toilet / 10 workers 1mirror / 10 workers S= 33x2 m 2 = 66 m 2 . Chosen Buildings: - 1 Toilet Model M 65 (6.00x2.44m) = 14.64 m 2 . - 1 Model M 6C (6.00x2.44m) = 14.64 m 2 . - 1 Model M 6 (6.00x2.44m) = 43.92 m 2 . The workers will use a temporary buildings Model M 6 as place for rest, eat…; and the Model M 65 as toilet and shower. The managing staff will have one temporary building Model M 6C, where will be situated the office. 67 3.7 TEMPORARY ELECTRICITY SUPPLY A temporary supply will be needed in order to make mostly all the works. A general electricity counter will be needed in the building fence connected to the electrical rush supply connected to the general electrical city system placed close the road, will be made an individual 4x16mm 2 derivation. 3.8 CONSRUCTION SITE LIGHTNING To calculate the number of luminaries necessary for the correct work illumination (Formula 3.1): N= ா௫஺ ∅ ೙ ௫ி ೆೣಷಾ (Formula 3.1) Where: N: Luminaries number are required E: Average luminance in lux A: Local area m 2 ∅ n : flow lamp rate in lumens F U : Factor of use F M : Maintenance factor The surface of the work area is 4300 m 2 , to be illuminated with an average illumination of 15 lux, with 1x150 W metal halide lamps, which produce a luminous flux of 13000 lumens per lamp. Will be used a normal maintenance factor 0.95. Data from the lighting area are: Length: 91.60 m Width: 33.85 m Height: 4.50 m Index K= ௟௫௕ ௛ሺ௟ା௕ሻ = ସଷ଴଴ ସ.ହ଴ሺଽଵ.଺଴ାଷଷ.଼ହሻ = 7.61 With this index, and media with floor colors and ceiling, and clearing to the walls, is a factor in initial use in direct lighting luminarie 1. 68 This the lamps number required will be: N= ா௫஺ ∅ ೙ ௫ி ೆೣಷಾ = ଵହ௫ସଷ଴଴ ଵଷ଴଴଴௫ଵ௫଴.ଽହ ≈ 6 By calculation we have obtained that we need a minimum of 6 lamps. 3.9 TEMPORARY WATER SUPPLY We will need a temporary water supply (Figure 3.2). A general accountant will be installed in the building fence connected to the city water supply rush placed close to the road. The temporary water supply line will require an accountant, stopcock general, pipe tube 32 mm, wash step and tap. (Figure 3.2).Temporary water supply. 69 3.10 TEMPORARY SEWERAGE The sewer construction will consist on removing water from rain and the elimination of waste water as a shower, basins and toilets. Drainage is connected to the network of urban wastewater. The drainage plan consist on connecting our network to existing networks of the city. The sewerage system will have a diameter of 200 mm. 3.11 FENCE OF CONSTRUCTION FIELD The construction fence will protect the parcel’s perimeter. The maximum width of the strip of public or private space to be occupied by work of fenced will be of 2 meters. The minimum step width should cover the separation or boundary between pedestrian and traffic. Formal conditions: - The fence will be forced to have a minimum height of 2 meters measured at any point on the outer fence face. - The crown height is uniformed and horizontal projection admitting only to suit the terrain slopes, subject to compliance with the minimum height indicated in the previous section. - Is expressly forbidden ridges and sharp objects, which can be incorporated into the fence, both temporarily and permanently. - The outer fence face shall not allow the visualization hollow interior or protrusions or holes that allow the stencil. The projections requiring good performance of the fencing construction will be made, wherever possible, by the inner face thereof. - It Is not allowed to over the space of public or private road bounded by the fencing work. It will be mandatory the placement of lights signaling pathway hedges occupying public or private. - We will need 232.57 meters for the entire perimeter. - The fence will be opaque, perfect for construction by the rapid assembly and disassemble. 3.12 TEMPORARY COMUNICATIONS Temporary communications will consist on cell phones and USB modem internet for laptops (three of them) in managing temporary building. 70 3.13 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF LABOR SAFETY Here we will evaluate the general hazards and choose the individual protective measures which must be available for workers protection. List of hazardous jobs: - Excavation works - Working crane - Reinforcement and concrete works - Formworks installation - Welding - Height work - Roof and facade installation - Installation works - Work with hand tools and power machinery Individual protective elements: - The safety helmet is expected per worker every six month. - The safety helmet with viewfinder, just one every ten workers is expected, because their use is more specific than normal helmets. - Helmet with ear protectors: Is provided to one every five workers. - Safety glasses: Are expected every three workers. - Hearing protection (foam earplugs): Some ones per worker every two month for works around loud noises. - Fine dust filter mask: One per worker every two month. - Gloves: Some gloves per worker every six month. - High resistance to cutting and abrasion gloves: One every five workers every six month. - Welder gloves: A pairs of gloves for welder every ten workers every nine month. - Dielectric gloves: Two pairs, their use is limited for electrical work. - PVC Boots: A pair of boots every five workers every nine months for work duration. - PVC water boots: A pair of shoes per worker every nine months of work duration. - Dielectric boots: Two pairs for all the work, their use is limited for electrical works. - - Seat belt lifeline: One every ten workers and twelve months of work, for working at height together with safety lines. - Safety belt: One every three workers and six months. - Device fall arrest safety belt: One every three workers and six months. - Fall arrest system: One every three workers and six months.