scieee Open visual document viewer

Noves estratègies de seducció: estudis clàssics i Internet a secundària

Giralt Soler, Sebastià

Abstract

A les generacions actuals ens ha tocat viure l'entrada en una nova era, l'era del coneixement, sostinguda per les grans innovacions tecnològiques del segle XX que han culminat en l'aparició del nou entorn digital. Les tecnologies de la informació i de la comunicació (TIC) són ja essencials en la transmissió del coneixement, tant en l'àmbit del lleure com en el de la formació. No és una moda passatgera. Es tracta de una revolució socioeconòmica que ofereix tecnologies directament implicades en el procés d' aprenentatge.

Full text

  1RYHVHVWUDWqJLHVGHVHGXFFLy HVWXGLVFOjVVLFVL,QWHUQHWDVHFXQGjULD  6HEDVWLj*LUDOW6ROHU ;9q6LPSRVLG¶(VWXGLV&OjVVLFV /OHLGDG¶RFWXEUHGHO  ,QWURGXFFLy  $ OHV JHQHUDFLRQV DFWXDOV HQV KD WRFDW YLXUH O¶HQWUDGD HQ XQD QRYD HUD O¶HUD GHO FRQHL[HPHQW VRVWLQJXGD SHU OHV JUDQV LQQRYDFLRQV WHFQROzJLTXHV GHO VHJOH ;; TXH KDQ FXOPLQDW HQ O¶DSDULFLy GHO QRX HQWRUQ GLJLWDO /HV WHFQRORJLHV GH OD LQIRUPDFLy L GH OD FRPXQLFDFLy7,&VyQMDHVVHQFLDOVHQODWUDQVPLVVLyGHOFRQHL[HPHQWWDQWHQO¶jPELWGHO OOHXUHFRPHOGHODIRUPDFLy1RpVXQDPRGDSDVVDWJHUD(VWUDFWDGHODSULPHUDUHYROXFLy VRFLRHFRQzPLFDTXHRIHUHL[WHFQRORJLHVGLUHFWDPHQWLPSOLFDGHVHQHOSURFpVG¶DSUHQHQWDWJH 3HUWRWDL[zO¶HVFRODQRSRWTXHGDUDOPDUJHG¶DTXHVWDWUDQVIRUPDFLyIRQDPHQWDO $UDEpODLQFRUSRUDFLyJHQHUDOLW]DGDGHOHV7,&DO¶HQVHQ DPHQWQRVHUjSRVVLEOHVLHO FRQMXQWGHOSURIHVVRUDWQRV¶KLLQYROXFUD-DSRWRPSOLUO¶DGPLQLVWUDFLyHOVFHQWUHVHGXFDWLXV DPEWRWVHOVDSDUHOOVLSURJUDPHVTXHFDOJXLQTXHVLHOVGRFHQWVQRV¶KLYHXHQDPEFRURQR HQ SHUFHEHQ OD XWLOLWDW SHGDJzJLFD HV PDOEDUDWDUDQ FRP SDVVD DFWXDOPHQW DPE OHV DXOHV WHFQROzJLTXHVLPSODQWDGHVD([WUHPDGXUD6HQVGXEWHO¶HOHPHQWKXPjFRQWLQXDVHQWODFODX eV LPSUHVFLQGLEOH TXH OD LQWURGXFFLy GHOV PLWMDQV WHFQROzJLFV VLJXL SDUDOÂOHOD D OD VHQVLELOLW]DFLyLODIRUPDFLyGHOSURIHVVRUVSHUTXqV¶KLYDJLQLQFRUSRUDQWSURJUHVVLYDPHQW$O FDSGDYDOO VHUDQ HOOV TXL WLQGUDQ D OHV VHYHV PDQV HPSUDUORV R QR HQ OD VHYD WDVFD /¶DGPLQLVWUDFLyFDWDODQDFRPPROWHVDOWUHVKDDQDWLQWURGXLQWOHV7,&DOD[DU[DHGXFDWLYD S~EOLFD$OPHXSDUHUV¶KDIHWHQJHQHUDOG¶XQDPDQHUDDVVHQ DGDPHQWSURJUHVVLYDDPE GHWHUPLQDFLy SHUz DOKRUD DPE SUXGqQFLD /D WHQGqQFLD KD HVWDW D RIHULU XQD IRUPDFLy JHQHUDOLVWDRULHQWDGDDO¶HQVLQLVWUDPHQWHQOHVHLQHVEjVLTXHVDPEXQDRIHUWDSURXjPSOLDGH FXUVRV WHOHPjWLFV GH IRUPDFLy ±D EDQGD GH OD RSRUWXQLWDW FUHL[HQW G¶DFFHGLU D OOLFqQFLHV G¶HVWXGL PROWHV GH OHV TXDOV RULHQWDGHV D FUHDU PDWHULDOV LQIRUPjWLFV 7DQPDWHL[ SUREDEOHPHQW OD PDQHUD PpV HIHFWLYD G¶LQFHQWLYDU HOV SURIHVVRUV D XWLOLW]DU OHV QRYHV WHFQRORJLHVpVIHUORVYHXUHTXLQVUHFXUVRVFRQFUHWVOLSRGHQVHUYLUSHUPLOORUDUODGRFqQFLDGH OD VHYD PDWqULD 1R REVWDQW DL[z HO 'HSDUWDPHQW G¶(GXFDFLy D GLIHUqQFLD GHO &(),5( YDOHQFLjQRKDRUJDQLW]DWGHPRPHQWFXUVRVHVSHFLDOLW]DWVSHUDOSURIHVVRUDWGHFOjVVLTXHVWRW LTXHVHQ¶KDQFRPHQoDWDRIHULUSHUjUHHVFRPOOHQJHVRVRFLDOV eV REYL TXH OHV DSOLFDFLRQV GH OD LQIRUPjWLFD L ,QWHUQHW HQ HOV HVWXGLV FOjVVLFV VyQ P~OWLSOHV  UHGDFFLy L SXEOLFDFLy G¶HVWXGLV FRUUHX HOHFWUzQLF VHUYHL GH QRW FLHV EDVHV GH GDGHVDMXWSHUDO¶HGLFLyFU WLFDHPPDJDW]HPDWJHLGLVSRQLELOLWDWGHWH[WRVJUHFVLOODWLQV±  /HVGDGHVLOHV85/FLWDGHVHQODSUHVHQWFRPXQLFDFLyFRUUHVSRQHQDOGHVHPEUHGHOMXVWDEDQVGHOOLXUDU O¶RULJLQDODOVHGLWRUV -RDQ0$-Ï3HUH0$548Ê6/DUHYROXFLyQHGXFDWLYDHQODHUD,QWHUQHW%DUFHORQD&LVVSUD[LVSS -RUJH5(<9$/=$&&+,,QWHUQHW HGXFDFLyQDSUHQGLHQGR HQVHxDQGRHQORVHVSDFLRVYLUWXDOHV YHUVLy GLJLWDO GLVSRQLEOH DO 3RUWDO HGXFDWLYR GH ODV $PpULFDV  KWWSZZZHGXFRDVRUJSRUWDOEGLJLWDOHVLQGLFHBYDO]DFFKLDVS[!S 9HJHXSHUH[HPSOHHOFRPHQWDULTXHHQID&DUORV&$%$1,//$6DO%ORJGHO,(66DQWLDJR$SyVWRO KWWSLHVVDSRVWROMXQWDH[WUHPDGXUDQHWEORJVLQGH[SKS"EORJ WLWOH WHQLDPRVBTXHBVHUBORVBSULPHURV!   DPESRVVLELOLWDWGHUHFHUFDOq[LFD±LGHOHVVHYHVWUDGXFFLRQVGLFFLRQDULV~VGHIRQWVSHUD HVFULSWXUHV DQWLJXHV SURJUDPHV G¶DMXW D OD WUDGXFFLy HODERUDFLy GH PDWHULDOV GLGjFWLFV UHFHUFDGHELEOLRJUDILDLPDWJHVLDOWUHVWLSXVGHGDGHVJHQHUDFLyDU[LYDPHQWLSURFHVVDPHQW G¶LPDWJHV3HOTXHIDDODPDMRULDG¶DTXHVWVXVRVOHV7,&MDWHQHQXQDIRUWDLPSODQWDFLyHQ O¶HQWRUQ XQLYHUVLWDUL SHUz FHQWUDGD VREUHWRW HQ OHV SURFHVVRV UHODFLRQDWV DPE OD UHFHUFD PHQWUH TXH H[SHULqQFLHV GLGjFWLTXHV FRP $XOD GH OODW  8$% R (OHFWUD 8% VyQ PHQ V IUHTHQWV(QODGRFqQFLDGHODVHFXQGjULDWHQHQLJXDOPHQWXQDSHQHWUDFLyIRUoDOHQWD 1DWXUDOPHQWODPHYDFRPXQLFDFLyQRSUHWpQDEDVWDUWRWHVOHVDSOLFDFLRQVHVPHQWDGHV VLQyTXHVLPSOHPHQWHVSURSRVDFRQWULEXLUDHVWLPXODUHOVSURIHVVRUVGHFOjVVLTXHVHQHVSHFLDO GHVHFXQGjULD D HQGLQVDUVHHQO¶~V GRFHQWGH OHV 7,&LHQ SDUWLFXODUHQOD SURGXFFLyGH PDWHULDOVEDVDWVHQ,QWHUQHW $PEDTXHVWREMHFWLXSUHVHQWDUpHQSULPHUOORFVHQVHSUHWHQGUHVHUH[KDXVWLXXQVHJXLW G¶HLQHVDPEOHVTXDOVSRGHPHODERUDUPDWHULDOVLDFWLYLWDWVSHUDOHVQRVWUHVFODVVHVHQXQ VXSRUWYjOLGSHUD,QWHUQHWWDOFRPPRVWUDUpDPEDOJXQVH[HPSOHVGHFDGDVFXQDG¶HOOHV(V WUDFWDG¶HLQHVTXHSRGHQVHUWUHPHQGDPHQW~WLOVSHUDODGRFqQFLDGHOVHVWXGLVFOjVVLFVTXHHV SRGHQ IHU VHUYLU GHVSUpV G¶XQ SHU RGH G¶LQLFLDFLy PpV R PHQ V EUHX VHQVH QHFHVVLWDW G¶DSUHQGUHXQOOHQJXDWJHGHSURJUDPDFLyLTXHVyQDO¶DEDVWGHOVSURIHVVRUVGHVHFXQGjULD VREUHWRWHOVTXHSHUWDQ HQDFHQWUHVS~EOLFVLVyQXVXDULVGHOD;DU[D7HOHPjWLFD(GXFDWLYDGH &DWDOXQ D ;7(& 6L QR VyQ G¶DFFpV OOLXUH FRP HOV GHVFDUUHJDEOHV GHV GH 6RIWFDWDOj  KWWSZZZVRIWFDWDODRUJ!ODPDMRULDGHOVSURJUDPHVLDOWUHVUHFXUVRVTXHHVPHQWDUpKDQ HVWDWGLVWULEXwWVDOVFHQWUHVSHO'HSDUWDPHQWG¶(GXFDFLyGHOD*HQHUDOLWDWGH&DWDOXQ DRVyQ GLVSRQLEOHVDOSRUWDOGHOD;7(&KWWSZZZ[WHFQHW!1¶KLKDXQDERQDSDUWTXHVyQ REMHFWHGHOVFXUVRVWHOHPjWLFVDGUHoDWVDOSURIHVVRUDWGLQVHOPDUFGHODIRUPDFLySHUPDQHQW GHO 'HSDUWDPHQW G¶(GXFDFLy SHU PLWMj G¶XQV PDWHULDOV DFFHVVLEOHV D WUDYpV G¶,QWHUQHW  KWWSZZZ[WHFQHWIRUPDFLRWLFFXUVWHOH!3HOTXHIDDOVH[HPSOHVTXHFLWDUpERLGHIXJLQW SUHVHQWDUXQOODUJUHSHUWRULG¶DGUHFHVQRPpVYROHQYHXUHGLYHUVHVPDQHUHVLGLIHUHQWVQLYHOOV  ([LVWHL[HQGLYHUVHVJXLHVRQOLQHSHULQWURGXLUHOVFODVVLFLVWHVDODXWLOLW]DFLyGHOHV7,&HQODUHFHUFDRHQ O¶HQVHQ DPHQW&DUORV&$%$1,//$6³(ORUGHQDGRUHQHODXODGHFOiVLFDV´-RUQDGDV/HQJXDV &XOWXUD &OiVLFDV /OHUHQD  KWWSXVXDULRVO FRVHVJUDPPDWLFXVOOHUHQD ! 6RQMD &$0(521  'DYLG ),7=3$75,&. ³&ODVVLFVDQGWKH,QWHUQHWDSUDFWLFDOUHVRXUFH´/7616XEMHFW&HQWUHIRU+LVWRU &ODVVLFV$UFKDHRORJ  KWWSZZZKFDKHDFDGHP DFXNFODVVLFVLQWHUQHW ! &,5&( ³0DQXDO´  KWWSFLUFHFWLJU ! $OHVVDQGUR &5,672)25,,QWHUQHWHODULFHUFDVFLHQWLILFDQHOOHGLVFLSOLQHDQWLFKLVWLFKH7HOHPDFR7HOHPDFKRV KWWSZZZWHOHPDFRXQLERLWWHOHPDFRHVWHUQLULFVFLKWP!-XOLDQ025*$1³$JRRGSUDFWLFHJXLGHIRUWKHXVH RI ,&7 LQ &ODVVLFV WHDFKLQJ´ -352*6 SURJUDPV  KWWSZZZMSURJVFRPYDULD*3*SGI ! ,'(0  ³'LVFR XW GRFHDP KDQGVRQ ,&7 LQ &ODVVLFV WHDFKLQJ´ &ODVVLFV 7HFKQRORJ  &HQWHU  KWWSDEOHPHGLDFRPFWFZHEVKRZFDVHPRUJDQGLVFRXWGRFHDPKWPO!-DPHV-2'211(//1HZWRROV IRUWHDFKLQJKWWSFFDWVDVXSHQQHGXMRGWHDFKGHPRWHDFKGHPRKWPO!/DPpVFRPSOHWDLPpVDGLHQWSHUD VHFXQGjULDpVSRWVHUHOPDQXDOGH&,5&(3RGHXYHXUHWDPEp'DQLHO%e*8,1³/HVDQWLTXLVDQWVIDFHj O¶LQIRUPDWLTXHHWDX[UpVHDX[´&ROORTXH&RPSUHQGUHOHVXVDJHVG¶,QWHUQHWeFROH1RUPDOH6XSpULHXUH3DU V KWWSEDUWKHVHQVIUDWHOLHUDUWLFOHVEHJXLQQRYKWPO!LHOVDUWLFOHV0DQXHO/Ï3(=08 2=³'HOHQGD HVWPDFKLQD",QIRUPiWLFD ILORORJ DODWLQD´5HYLVWDGHHVWXGLRVODWLQRVSSL&ULVWyEDO0$&Ë$6 9,//$/2%26³(OSDSHOGH,QWHUQHWHQHOFXUU FXORGH&OiVLFDV´0LQHUYDSS $OWUHVOORFVVyQPpVDGLHQWVSHUSXEOLFDUXQDDUDFQLRJUDILDRJXLDGHUHFXUVRVG¶,QWHUQHWSHUDOVHVWXGLVFOjVVLFV SHU H[HPSOH OHV TXH RIHUHL[R DOV ZHEV /DE ULQWKXV KWWSZZZ[WHFQHWaVJLUDOW ! L HQ FROÂODERUDFLy DPE 3HGUR/&$12$XODGHOODW 8$%KWWSDQWDO DXDEHVSFDQRDXODWLQ!TXHV¶KDQDIHJLWDOHVMDFOjVVLTXHVL PpV H[WHQVHV 5DVVHJQD GHJOL VWUXPHQWL LQIRUPDWLFL SHU OR VWXGLR GHOODQWLFKLWj FODVVLFD  KWWSZZZUDVVHJQDXQLERLW!GHVGHL5HFXUVRVHQ,QWHUQHWSDUDILOyORJRVFOiVLFRVHLQGRHXURSH VWDV KWWSFODVLFDVXVDOHV5HFXUVRVKWPO!GHVGH9HJHXWDPEp5DPRQ7251e³'LGjFWLFDGHOPyQFOjVVLFD WUDYpV GH OHV 7,& DOJXQV UHFXUVRV L H[SHULqQFLHV´ -RUQDGD (VSLUDO  $SOLFDFLRQV HGXFDWLYHV OOLXUHV L LQQRYDGRUHVGHOHV7,&UHFXUVRVLH[SHULqQFLHVKWWSZZZFLEHUHVSLUDORUJMRUQDGDFRPXQLFDUWRUQHSGI !'¶DOWUDEDQGDUHYLVWHVFRP0LQHUYD8QLYHUVLGDGGH9DOODGROLGR$XULJDPpVRULHQWDGDDODVHFXQGjULD   G¶XWLOLW]DFLyGHFDGDUHFXUVDPEO¶REMHFWLXGHGHPRVWUDUQHOHVSRVVLELOLWDWVLO¶DFFHVVLELOLWDWD XQJUDQQRPEUHG¶XVXDULV/DVHJRQDSDUWFHUFDUjGHGHL[DUHVERVVDWVXQVSXQWVGHUHIOH[LyDO YROWDQWGHOVDYDQWDWJHVLLQFRQYHQLHQWVGHODXWLOLW]DFLyGRFHQWG¶,QWHUQHW $EDQVGHUHVFRQYpDGYHUWLUTXHOHV7,&VyQVRODPHQWXQLQVWUXPHQWWRWLTXHG¶XQD JUDQ SRWHQFLDOLWDW SHU PLOORUDU OD GRFqQFLD 3HUz FRP D WDO LQVWUXPHQW QR FDQYLHQ QHFHVVjULDPHQW HO PRGHO HGXFDWLX VLQy TXH VLPSOHPHQW HVGHYHQHQ XQ VXSRUW SHU D OD FRQFHSFLySHGDJzJLFDTXHKLKDJLUHUHXQDGHWHUPLQDGDSUjFWLFDTXDQHOSURIHVVRUDYHVDWD IHU FODVVHV PDJLVWUDOV HV OLPLWD D LQFRUSRUDU OHV SUHVHQWDFLRQV PXOWLPqGLD D OHV VHYHV H[SOLFDFLRQVPLOORUDSHUzQRPRGLILFDHVVHQFLDOPHQWODVHYDPHWRGRORJLDGLGjFWLFD7RWLDL[  PROWV YHXHQ OD LPSODQWDFLy GH OHV 7,& FRP XQD PDJQ ILFD RSRUWXQLWDW SHU UHFRQVLGHUDU O¶DSUHQHQWDWJHSHUDXQDUHQRYDFLySHGDJzJLFDTXHHQVKDGHGXUFDSDXQQRXSDUDGLJPD G¶DSUHQHQWDWJHEDVDWHQXQSDSHUPpVDFWLXGHO¶DOXPQHSHUTXqDTXHVWVRORHQFROÂODERUDFLy DPE DOWUHV FRPSDQ V SDUWLFLSL HQ OD FRQVWUXFFLy GHO VHX SURSL FRQHL[HPHQW $L[z KD G¶LPSOLFDUDOKRUDXQ FDQYLHQODIXQFLyGHO SURIHVVRUTXHGHL[DULDGHVHUO¶~QLFD IRQWGHO FRQHL[HPHQWSHUHVGHYHQLUFDGDYROWDPpVJXLDLVXSHUYLVRUGHO¶DSUHQHQWDWJH  (LQHVDO¶DEDVWGHOSURIHVVRUDW  &RPHQoDUpSHUXQGHOVLQVWUXPHQWVPpVEjVLFVLGHPpVIjFLODFFpVTXHDFWXDOPHQW V¶HVWj LQVWDOÂODQW D WRWV HOV FHQWUHV S~EOLFV GH &DWDOXQ D O¶DQRPHQDGD SLVVDUUD GLJLWDO /D SLVVDUUDGLJLWDOV¶KDGHILQLWFRPXQVLVWHPDWHFQROzJLFFRQVLVWHQWHQXQRUGLQDGRUPXOWLPqGLD ±FRQQHFWDWD,QWHUQHW±LXQYLGHRSURMHFWRUTXHSURMHFWDDJUDQIRUPDWVREUHXQDSDQWDOODR SDUHWDOOzTXHHVYHXDOPRQLWRUGHO¶RUGLQDGRU6LDPpVGLVSRVDG¶XQDSDQWDOODPXUDOWjFWLO TXHSHUPHWFRQWURODUO¶RUGLQDGRULIHUKLDQRWDFLRQVDPEHOVGLWVDODPDQHUDG¶XQSXQWHUR OODSLVV¶DQRPHQDµSLVVDUUDGLJLWDOLQWHUDFWLYD¶ /D SLVVDUUD GLJLWDO HQV SRW VHUYLU VLPSOHPHQW FRP D VXSRUW SHU D TXDOVHYRO PHQD G¶HOHPHQW PXOWLPqGLD D FODVVH SDVVDU LPDWJHV FRP DUD IRWRJUDILHV L UHVWLWXFLRQV DUTXHROzJLTXHV ±HQ FRPSWHV GH OHV DQWLJXHV GLDSRVLWLYHV± R Ep HVTXHPHV VROWV IHU XQD SUHVHQWDFLy S H[ DPE ,PSUHVV G¶2SHQ2IILFH R 06 3RZHU 3RLQW TXH WDPEp SHUPHWHQ LQFORXUH LPDWJHV L HVTXHPHV PRVWUDU ZHEV IHU YHXUH Y GHRV GLJLWDOV '9'V L YLGHRFRQIHUqQFLHVRILQVLWRWHVFULXUHDODSLVVDUUDGLJLWDODPEXQHGLWRUGHWH[WFRPHQXQD SLVVDUUD QRUPDO $TXHVWV PLWMDQV SRGHQ LOÂOXVWUDU O¶H[SOLFDFLy GHO SURIHVVRU R SHUPHWUH DOV DOXPQHV IHU SUHVHQWDFLRQV VREUH XQ WHPD GRQDW R LQGLFDU DOV VHXV FRPSDQ V DOJXQ ZHE R PDWHULDOLQWHUHVVDQWSHUDOWHPDTXHHVWUHEDOOD(QWUHHOVPROW VVLPVPDWHULDOVTXHSRGU HP XWLOLW]DUHQXQDFODVVHWHQLPODUHFRQVWUXFFLyGHOHVWHUPHVGHODYLOÂODGHOD7RUUH/ODXGHU SUHVHQWDGDSHO*UXSG¶+LVWzULDGHO&DVDOGH0DWDUyDOZHE/DSUHVqQFLDGHOPyQURPjD O¶HQWRUQGHODULHUDG¶$UJHQWRQDKWWSZZZYLDDYJYVWDDQRQDLFRP997//KWPO!XQD  VRYLQWGHGLTXHQVHFFLRQVDODSUHVqQFLDGHOVHVWXGLVFOjVVLFVD,QWHUQHW  0DUWLQ &$512<  ³/HV 7,& HQ O¶HQVHQ DPHQW SRVVLELOLWDWV L UHSWHV´  KWWSZZZXRFHGXLQDXJXUDOFDWFDUQR SGI!-RVp0DQXHO(67(9(³,QWHUQHWHQHODXOD8QUHWR GHOSUHVHQWH´9-RUQDGDV7,&±$UDJyQ-HV~V%(/75È1³¢&yPRDSUHQGHU HQVHxDUFRQWHFQRORJ D"´ LELGHPDPEGXHVSRQqQFLHVHUHQDFFHVVLEOHVDOSRUWDOGHO3URJUDPD5DPyQ &DMDOKWWSU FHGXFDUDJRQRUJ! SHUzDUDMDQRV¶KLWUREHQ(/($51,1*(8523$³(OSDSHOGHODVQXHYDVWHFQRORJ DVHQHODSUHQGL]DMH´ KWWSZZZHOHDUQLQJHXURSDLQIR!  /D GHILQLFLy SURYp GHO 3RUWDO GH OD SLVVDUUD GLJLWDO GH 3HUH 0$548Ê6  KWWSGHZH XDEHVSPDUTXHVSGLJLWDOFDSLVVDUUDKWP!RQHVUHFXOOHQQRPEURVRVPDWHULDOVVREUHDTXHVWUHFXUV QRW FLHV JXLD WqFQLFD SURSRVWHV GLGjFWLTXHV (QWUH DOWUHV SXEOLFDFLRQV KL WUREDUHX 3HUH 0$548Ê6 L 3LODU &$6$/6  ³/D SL]DUUD GLJLWDO HQ HO DXOD GH FODVH XQD GH ODV WUHV EDVHV WHFQROyJLFDV GH OD HVFXHOD GHO IXWXUR´5HYLVWD)XHQWHV8QLYHUVLGDGGH6HYLOODKWWSGHZH XDEHVSPDUTXHVSL]DUUDGRF!   YLVLWDYLUWXDODOMDFLPHQWG¶+HUFXOjRIHUWDSHUOD6RSULQWHQGHQ]DDUFKHRORJLFDGL3RPSHL KWWSVSDFHUHJJLRQHWLWSRPSHLHUFRODQRTWYUWRXUKWP ! R XQHV LPDWJHV SHU VDWqOÂOLW DFRQVHJXLGHV SHU *RRJOH (DUWK  KWWSHDUWKJRRJOHFRP ! GH O¶DFUzSROLV G¶$WHQHV L GHO IzUXPGH5RPD$OWUHVH[HPSOHVVyQO¶DXGLFLyGHOFDQWGH'HPzGRFHQXQDDSUR[LPDFLyDOD WqFQLFD PXVLFDO GHOV DHGHV KRPqULFV D +RPHULF 6LQJLQJ GH *HRUJ'DQHN L 6WHIDQ+DJHO  KWWSZZZRHDZDFDWNDOVK ! R HO UHFRUUHJXW YLUWXDO HQ WUHV GLPHQVLRQV SHU OD UHVWLWXFLy DQLPDGDGHOHVWHUPHVGHODIRUWDOHVDURPDQDG¶([HWHUGLQVHO([HWHU&LW &RXQFLO¶V7LPH 7UDLOKWWSZZZH[HWHUJRYXNWLPHWUDLOBURPDQIRUWUHVVEDWKBKRXVHKWP! 6LHQVYROHPHQGLQVDUHQO¶~VGRFHQWG¶,QWHUQHWFHUWDPHQWHQVSRGHPFRQIRUPDUD DSURILWDUHOVUHFXUVRVTXHMDVyQDOD[DU[DTXHVyQPROWVLYDULDWVQRVRODPHQWZHEVGHVWLQDWV DO¶HGXFDFLyVLQyWDPEpZHEVQRSUzSLDPHQWHGXFDWLXVSHUzDPEPDWHULDOVLQWHUHVVDQWVSHUD OD GRFqQFLD 7DQPDWHL[ VRYLQW HQV WUREDUHP TXH HQFDL[HQ PDODPHQW HQ HO QRVWUH VLVWHPD HGXFDWLXREpHQODQRVWUDSDQLILFDFLyGHODPDWqULDLDL[zSRWUHVXOWDUXQHVW PXOSHUFUHDUQH GH SURSLV (Q WRW FDV V  TXH UHVXOWD PROW ~WLO D SDUHU PHX TXH FDGD SURIHVVRU R FDGD GHSDUWDPHQWSUHSDULXQFHQWUHGHUHFXUVRVDPEHOVHQOODoRVHPSUDWVDO¶DXODRDFRQVHOODWVSHU DOWUHEDOODFDVDHOVSURJUDPHVGHOHVPDWqULHVXQFDOHQGDULELEOLRJUDILDLDOWUHVLQIRUPDFLRQV DILGHSRVDUKRDGLVSRVLFLyWDQWGHOVSURIHVVRUVFRPGHOVDOXPQHVDWUDYpVG¶,QWHUQHW(Q WUREDUHX H[HPSOHV YDULDWV D O¶$QLOOR GH 'HSDUWDPHQWRV GH &OiVLFDV  KWWSLHVVDSRVWROMXQWDH[WUHPDGXUDQHWODWLQDQLOORFODVLFDVKWP ! DOV TXDOV SRGHP DIHJLU HO ZHE GH FOjVVLTXHV GH O¶,(6 *DEULHO )HUUDWHU GH 5HXV SRUWDW SHU ÈQJHO 0DUW QH] &XOWXUD FOjVVLFDOODW LJUHFKWWSZZZ[WHFQHWaDPDUWL!3HUFUHDUXQZHEHVSRWHPSUDUXQ HGLWRU+70/VLJXL'UHDPZHDYHU)URQW3DJHRVHQVHDQDUPpVOOXQ DOJXQVSURFHVVDGRUV GHWH[WFRP:ULWHUG¶2SHQ2IILFHJUDWXwWLGHSURJUDPDULOOLXUHR06:RUGLREWHQLUXQ HVSDLZHESHUVRQDODWUDYpVGHOD;7(&KWWSZZZ[WHFQHWDWBXVXDULLGHQWLILFDFLRKWP!R D WUDYpV G¶XQ VHUYLGRU JUDWXwW ±SHU H[HPSOH KWWSZZZZDQDGRRHV R KWWSJHRFLWLHV DKRRFRP(QUHDOLWDWQRFRVWDJDLUHHODERUDUXQDSjJLQDZHEVHQ]LOODDWqV TXHQRpVJDLUHGLIHUHQWGHUHGDFWDUXQGRFXPHQWDPEXQSURFHVVDGRUGHWH[W1¶KLKDSURX DPEFRQqL[HUXQVPHFDQLVPHVEjVLFVODFUHDFLyG¶HQOODoRVTXHHQVVHUYLUDQSHUDOVPHQ~V SHUDOHVUHIHUqQFLHVLQWHUQHVRSHUDODFRQQH[LyDPESjJLQHVH[WHUQHVHOIRUPDWGHOIRQVLGH OHVIRQWVLODLQVHUFLyG¶LPDWJHVLWDXOHV&RPSOHPHQWjULDPHQWV¶XWLOLW]DUjXQFOLHQWGH)73SHU WUDPHWUHHOVDU[LXVDOVHUYLGRU $ PpV D PpV DWHVD OD LPSRUWjQFLD TXH Wp OD LPDWJH HQ OD FUHDFLy GH ZHEV R HQ TXDOVHYRO~VGHOHV7,&pVPROWFRQYHQLHQWWHQLUXQDGHVWUHVDP QLPDHQO¶REWHQFLyGHOHV LPDWJHV ±GLUHFWDPHQW G¶XQD FjPHUD IRWRJUjILFD GLJLWDO R D WUDYpV GH OD GLJLWDOLW]DFLy GH GLDSRVLWLYHVRIRWRVHQSDSHUSHUPLWMjG¶XQHVFjQHU±LHQHOVHXWUDFWDPHQWSRVWHULRUDPE DOJXQHGLWRUJUjILF3KRWRVKRS3DLQW6KRS3UR«&DOWHQLUHQFRPSWHTXHOHVLPDWJHVHQ IRUPDW -3(* R *,) KDQ GH VHU JHQHUDOPHQW GH PLGD UHGXwGD VL QR YROHP DOHQWLU H[DJHUDGDPHQWODGHVFjUUHJDGHODSjJLQDLQRRPSOLUPpVGHOFRPSWHO¶HVSDLZHELJXDOTXH HOVGRFXPHQWVGHWH[WTXHFRQIRUPHQHOZHEWDPSRFQRKDQGHVHUPDVVDH[WHQVRV 8Q DOWUH GHOV DWUDFWLXV GH O¶DSOLFDFLy G¶,QWHUQHW D O¶HQVHQ DPHQW pV OD SUHSDUDFLy G¶DFWLYLWDWVDXWRFRUUHFWLYHVTXHHVSRGHQLQVHULUHQSjJLQHVZHEV(OVSURIHVVRUVWHQLPIjFLO DFFpVDDOJXQVUHFXUVRVDPEHOVTXDOVSRGHPHODERUDUOHVVHQVHQHFHVVLWDWGHVDEHUSURJUDPDU 1¶pV XQ GHOV PpV SRSXODUV JUjFLHV D OD VHYD IDFLOLWDW G¶~V pV +RW 3RWDWRHV  KWWSZHEXYLFFDKUGKDOIEDNHG!XQSURJUDPDJUDWXwWSHUDOVSURIHVVRUVGHFHQWUHVS~EOLFV TXHJHQHUDDFWLYLWDWVHQIRUPDW+70/HQOHVPRGDOLWDWVG¶HOHFFLyP~OWLSOHUHVSRVWDEUHX RPSOLU EXLWV DVVRFLDFLyL PRWV HQFUHXDWV '¶DTXHVW SURJUDPD WDQ GLIyV pV IjFLO WUREDUQH  (OOOHQJXDWJH+70/+ SHU7H[W0DUNXS/DQJXDJHpVHOEjVLFSHUDOZHE   QRPEURVRVWXWRULDOVSH[HOGH)HUQDQGR0XUKWWSZZZHFRPXUFRPKRWSRWDWRHV!(Q OD[DU[DpVSRVVLEOHYHXUH¶QH[HPSOHVG¶~VHQGLYHUVRVZHEVIHWVSHUSURIHVVRUVGHOQRVWUH HQWRUQ FRP DUD PROWHV GH OHV DFWLYLWDWV LQFORVHV GLQV HOV ZHEV /DE ULQWKXV  KWWSZZZ[WHFQHWaVJLUDOW ! *UHF OODW  L PLWRORJLD G¶,PPD ) JROV  KWWSZZZ[WHFQHWaLILJROV ! L (XSKRUELD  KWWSZZZ[WHFQHWaPEHWULX ! GH 0DULj %HWULX 1¶pV XQ UHFXOO DPSOL ,O VLWR GHO F EHUWHDFKHU GH 3DROR &XWLQL  KWWSZZZF EHUWHDFKHULWHVHUFL]LKWPODWLQR ! 7DPEp pV SRVVLEOH SUHSDUDUKL H[HUFLFLV DPE DOIDEHW JUHF FRP PRVWUD $QFLHQW *UHHN 9RFDEXODU  8QLYHUVLW  RI 9LFWRULD  KWWSZHEXYLFFDKUGJUHHN!8QSURJUDPDDOWHUQDWLXLJUDWXwWpV4XL])DEHUGH/XFD*DOOL KWWSZZZOXFDJDOOLQHW!WRWLO¶LQFRQYHQLHQWTXHOHVDFWLYLWDWVUHVXOWDQWVQRPpVIXQFLRQHQ DPE,QWHUQHW([SORUHU 8Q DOWUH UHFXUV TXH KD WLQJXW XQ q[LW PROWQRWDEOH KD HVWDW HO &OLF XQ SURJUDPD GHVHQYROXSDWSHO'HSDUWDPHQWG¶(GXFDFLyGH&DWDOXQ DVREUHHOTXDOWUREDUHPLQIRUPDFLy FXUVRV WXWRULDOV L DSOLFDFLRQV D ]RQD&OLF  KWWSFOLFHGXFRP! /D VHYD YHUVLy PpV DYDQoDGDDQRPHQDGD-&OLFLUHDOLW]DGDHQ-DYDSHUPHWUHDOLW]DUDWUDYpVG¶,QWHUQHWGLYHUVRV WLSXVG¶DFWLYLWDWVHGXFDWLYHVPXOWLPqGLD±WUHQFDFORVTXHVDVVRFLDFLRQVH[HUFLFLVGHWH[WPRWV HQFUHXDWVVRSHVGHOOHWUHVLDOWUHV±DPEO¶DYDQWDWJHGHSRGHULQFRUSRUDUOHVDXQZHE1R WHQLPJDLUHVH[HPSOHVG¶DSOLFDFLRQVHQFOLFSHUDOHVPDWqULHVGHFOjVVLTXHVSHUzXQGHUHHL[LW pV/¶DOIDEHWJUHFKWWSFOLF[WHFQHWGEDFWBFDMVS"LG !HODERUDWSHU¬XUHD3pUH]  (OGDUUHUUHFXUVGHVHQYROXSDWSHO'HSDUWDPHQWG¶(GXFDFLyVyQHOV4XDGHUQVYLUWXDOV KWWSFOLF[WHFQHWTYBZHEFDTYKWP!(OV4XDGHUQVYLUWXDOVVyQXQHQWRUQG¶DSUHQHQWDWJH GLJLWDOFRPSDWLEOHDPEGLIHUHQWVHVWjQGDUGVTXHSHUPHWFUHDUGLIHUHQWVWLSXVGHSUHJXQWHVSHU DYDOXDUHOSURJUpVLHOUHQGLPHQWGHOVHVWXGLDQWV&DGDSURIHVVRUXVXDULGLVSRVDG¶XQHVSDLDO VHUYLGRU GH OD ;7(& SHU HPPDJDW]HPDU HOV TXDGHUQV TXH YDJL FUHDQW L HOV FRQWLQJXWV PXOWLPqGLD UHODFLRQDWV (OV WLSXV GH SUHJXQWHV TXH SRW FRQWHQLU XQ TXDGHUQ VyQ G¶HOHFFLy P~OWLSOHG¶RPSOLUEXLWVVHOHFFLRQVVREUHLPDWJHVRUGHQDFLy]RQHVVHQVLEOHV±HQOHVTXDOVHV SRGHQPDUFDU]RQHVRXQLUSXQWVG¶XQDLPDWJH(OUHVXOWDWSRWVHUXQDSjJLQDZHEDPEXQD EDWHULDGHSUHJXQWHVDXWRDYDOXDWLYHV(QVHQSRWVHUYLUG¶H[HPSOH1RDODYLROqQFLDFRQWUDOHV GRQHV GH -RDTXLP 9LODU  KWWSFOLF[WHFQHWTXDGHUQVELEOLRWHFDDULDGQDFD ! HO TXDO PDOJUDWTXHQRKRVHPEOLWpXQDFHUWDUHODFLyDPEODPLWRORJLDFOjVVLFD 'H WRWD PDQHUD FDO UHFRQqL[HU TXH OHV DFWLYLWDWV TXH HV SRGHQ SUHSDUDU DPE HOV SURJUDPHVHVPHQWDWVVyQG¶XQDJDPPDOLPLWDGDLDFDEHQHVGHYHQLQWUHSHWLWLYHV7RWLDL[ HQ OD PHYD RSLQLy UHVXOWHQ PROW ~WLOV ±VHPSUH TXH QR VH Q¶DEXVL L O¶DOXPQH VH OHV SUHQJXL VHULRVDPHQW± HQ FHUWV SURFHGLPHQWV FRP DUD UHIRUoDU OD JUDPjWLFD L WHQHQ O¶DYDQWDWJH TXH SHUPHWHQTXHO¶DOXPQHOHVIDFLSHOVHXFRPSWHVHQVHVXSHUYLVLyGHOSURIHVVRU 7DQPDWHL[ HOV SDUWLGDULV G¶XQD SHGDJRJLD FRQVWUXFWLYLVWD DUD HQ YRJD FULWLTXHQ HO VXEVWUDW FRQGXFWLVWD G¶DTXHVWD PHQD G¶H[HUFLFLV &RP D DOWHUQDWLYD SURSRVHQ DOWUHV WLSXV G¶DFWLYLWDWVRULHQWDGHVDO¶REMHFWLXTXHO¶DOXPQHFRQVWUXHL[LHOVHXSURSLFRQHL[HPHQW6yQ WUHEDOOVDPEXQDHVWUXFWXUDPROWGHWHUPLQDGDHQHOVTXDOVQRYDOHO³FRSLDULHQJDQ[DU´VLQy TXHODEDVHKDGHVHUODWUDQVIRUPDFLyGHODLQIRUPDFLy $FWXDOPHQW OD UHLQD G¶DTXHVWHV DFWLYLWDWV pV HO ZHETXHVW FUHDW HO  SHU %HUQLH 'RGJH6DQ'LHJR6WDWH8QLYHUVLW LTXHKDIHWIXURUHQHOVPHGLVHGXFDWLXVGHWRWHOPyQ 8Q ZHETXHVW ±HQIURQW GH O¶~V JHQHUDOLW]DW µZHETXHVW¶ HQ FDWDOj KDXULD GH VHU GH JqQHUH PDVFXO  SHUTXq HO VXEVWDQWLX FDWDOj TXHVW µDFFLy G¶DQDU D OD SHUFDoD G¶DOJXQD FRVD¶ pV PDVFXO ± HV GHILQHL[ FRP XQD DFWLYLWDW G¶LQYHVWLJDFLy HQ OD TXDO HO WUHEDOO GH O¶DOXPQDW   QRUPDOPHQWHQJUXSHVEDVDHQSDUWRGHOWRWHQUHFXUVRVTXHWUREDD,QWHUQHW3HUWHQLUXQD LGHDPpVFODUDGHTXqpVXQ ZHETXHVWpVUHFRPDQDEOHYLVLWDUHOZHEGHOPDWHL[ 'RGJH KWWSZZZZHETXHVWRUJ ! L HO GH OD &RPXQLWDW &DWDODQD GH :HE4XHVWV  KWWSZZZZHETXHVWFDWRUJ!RQHVWUREDUDQPROWVH[HPSOHVLUHFXUVRVSHUDSUHQGUHDIHUQH 3HUODPHYDSDUWKHHODERUDWDPpVG¶XQZHETXHVWVREUHPLWRORJLDLSqSOXPXQOOLVWDWGHOV TXH V¶DSUR[LPHQ DO PyQ FOjVVLF   KWWSZZZ[WHFQHWaVJLUDOWODE ULQWKXVLQWHUQHWZHETXHVWKWP! /DJHUPDQDSHWLWDGHOZHETXHVWpVODFDFHUDGHOWUHVRUXQWLSXVG¶DFWLYLWDWGLGjFWLFD PROWVHQ]LOODFRQVLVWHQWHQXQVHJXLWGHSUHJXQWHVLXQDOOLVWDGHDGUHFHVGHZHEVGHOHVTXDOV HVSRGHQH[WUHXUHRLQIHULUOHVUHVSRVWHV$OJXQHVLQFORXHQXQDJUDQSUHJXQWDDOILQDOTXH UHTXHUHL[TXHHOVDOXPQHVLQWHJULQHOVFRQHL[HPHQWVDGTXLULWVGXUDQWHOSURFpV'HPRPHQW QRPpV KH WUREDW XQD FDFHUD GHO WUHVRU GH WHPD FOjVVLF /D VRFLHGDG URPDQD GH &DUORV &DEDQLOODVKWWSLHVVDSRVWROMXQWDH[WUHPDGXUDQHWODWLQFD]DWHVRURVVRFLHGDG!8QDFDFHUD GHOWUHVRURXQZHETXHVWHVSRWLQVHULUGLQVG¶XQZHEHGLWDWSHUQRVDOWUHVRVLQRHQWHQLPLQR HQVYDJDG¶HPEUDQFDUQRVKLHVSRWJHQHUDUIjFLOPHQWGHVG¶$XODWHFQROyJLFDVLJOR;;,GH )UDQFLVFR 0XxR] GH OD 3HxD KWWSZZZDXODQHW:TIDFLO ! R GHV GH 3+3 :HETXHVW G¶$QWRQLR 7HPSUDQR  KWWSZZZSKSZHETXHVWRUJ ! YHUVLy FDWDODQD  KWWSZZZSKSZHETXHVWRUJFDWDOD! '¶DOWUDEDQGDXQSURJUDPDDSDUHUPHXDPEPROWDSRWHQFLDOLWDWSHUDO¶HQVHQ DPHQW FRP GHPRVWUHQ PROWV GHOV ZHEV HGXFDWLXV UHDOLW]DWV SHU SURIHVVRUV TXH HVWDQ DSDUHL[HQW D &DWDOXQ D pV HO )ODVK WRW L TXH UHTXHUHL[ IRUoD WHPSV G¶DSUHQHQWDWJH (Q ZHEV HODERUDWV QRPpV DPE )ODVK R Ep DPE )ODVK FRPELQDW DPE XQ HGLWRU +70/ SRGHP LQWURGXLU JUDQ QRPEUHLYDULHWDWGHUHFXUVRVSHUIHUPpVDWUDFWLYHVOHVQRVWUHVSjJLQHVROHVQRVWUHVFODVVHV DQLPDFLRQV SUHVHQWDFLRQV GLQjPLTXHV H[HUFLFLV LQWHUDFWLXV UHFRQVWUXFFLRQV YLUWXDOV /HV SRVVLELOLWDWV VyQ LQILQLWHV OLPLWDGHV WDQ VROV SHU OD LPDJLQDFLy OD FDSDFLWDW WqFQLFD L OD SDFLqQFLD GH O¶DXWRU (P SHUPHWR SRVDU FRP D H[HPSOH GXHV FODVVHV GH UHFXUVRV TXH KH GHVHQYROXSDWLTXHWURERHVSHFLDOPHQWDGLHQWVSHUDOVHVWXGLVFOjVVLFVHOVPDSHVGLQjPLFV G¶HYROXFLyKLVWzULFDLOHVYLVLWHVYLUWXDOVDHGLILFLVGHO¶DQWLJXLWDWWRWVGRVGLQVODVHFFLy(O ODEHULQWGHO)ODVKKWWSZZZ[WHFQHWaVJLUDOWODE ULQWKXVIODVKODEIODVKKWPO!(QFDQYL HQ(OWHPSOHURPjGH%DUFHORQDFUHDWSHU(GXDUG%DUUREpV(ORL%LRVFDL6DQWLDJR4XHVDGD  KWWSZZZHGXFRPHVRPXGVVRFLDOVWHPSOHLQGH[KWP ! TXL KD GH UHFRQVWUXLU HO WHPSOHGH%DUFLQRVyQHOVPDWHL[RVHVWXGLDQWV $L[ PDWHL[DOZHERILFLDOGHOV-RFVG¶$WHQHVKWWSZZZDWKHQVFRP! WUREHP XQ YLDWJH L OD YLVLWD YLUWXDOV DO VDQWXDUL G¶2O PSLD  KWWSZZZDWKHQVFRP005HVRXUFHGLRUJDQRVLDQFLHQWBHQKWP ! 6¶KL FRQWHPSOD HO VDQWXDULLFDGDHGLILFLUHVWLWXwWLV¶KLYHXHQPRYLPHQWHOVDFWHVSULQFLSDOVTXHVHFHOHEUDYHQ GXUDQW HOV -RFV (O FRORIy SHU DO )ODVK HQV HO SRVD XQD PRVWUD HVSOqQGLGD GH OHV VHYHV SRWHQFLDOLWDWV7KH*UHHNP WKRORJ ZHEVLWHKWWSZZZZLQJHGVDQGDOVFRP!SURGXwWSHU O¶$XVWUDOLDQ %URDGFDVWLQJ &RUSRUDWLRQ VRWD OD LGHD L OD GLUHFFLy GH 5RVLH $OOLPRQRV HQ DVVRFLDFLyDPEHO&HQWUHIRU&ODVVLFVDQG$UFKDHRORJ GHOD8QLYHUVLW RI0HOERXUQH pVXQZHEVREUHPLWRORJLDJUHJDGHVG¶RQSRGHPIHUYHXUHDOVQRVWUHVDOXPQHVPpVMRYHV SHOÂO FXOHVGHGLEXL[RVDQLPDWVHQ)ODVKG¶DOJXQVPLWHVJUHFV   -RUGL $'(//  ³,QWHUQHW HQ HO DXOD ODV :HE4XHVW´ (GXWHF 5HYLVWD (OHFWUyQLFD GH 7HFQRORJ D (GXFDWLYD   KWWSZZZXLEHVGHSDUWJWHHGXWHFHUHYHOHFDGHOOBDKWP ! 1~PHUR PRQRJUiILFR :HE4XHVW4XDGHUQVGLJLWDOVKWWSZZZTXDGHUQVGLJLWDOVQHW!  -RUGL$'(//³,QWHUQHWHQHODXODDODFD]DGHOWHVRUR´(GXWHF5HYLVWD(OHFWUyQLFDGH7HFQRORJ D (GXFDWLYDKWWSHGXWHFUHGLULVHV5HYHOHFUHYHOHFDGHOOKWP!   8QDOWUHUHFXUVLQVHULEOHHQXQZHEpVXQY GHRTXHUHSURGXHL[LSHUH[HPSOHDOJXQD DFWLYLWDW TXH KjJLP UHDOLW]DW DPE HOV DOXPQHV $PE DTXHVW REMHFWLX OD ;7(& SRVD D OD GLVSRVLFLyGHOVFHQWUHVLGHOSURIHVVRUDWXQVHUYHLSHUSXEOLFDUDOD[DU[DSURGXFFLRQVWDQW G¶jXGLRFRPGHY GHRTXHSURSRUFLRQD0%G¶HVSDLDPEHOIRUPDWPXOWLSODWDIRUPDUP GHV GH O¶DGUHoD  KWWSZZZ[WHFQHWYLGHRYL[WHF ! (Q HO ZHE GHOV FHQWUHV YDOHQFLDQV &XOWXUDFODVLFDQHWSRGHPYHXUH¶QXQDDSOLFDFLyGLGjFWLFDODUHSUHVHQWDFLySHUSDUWG¶DOXPQHV G¶XQHVQRFHVURPDQHVPPVFXOWXUDFODVLFDQHWERGDBURPDQDZPY! '¶DOWUDEDQGDHOUHFXUVGHOD[DU[DPpVVXVFHSWLEOHGHVHUH[SUHVVLySHUVRQDODOKRUD TXHHLQDHGXFDWLYDpVSUREDEOHPHQWHOEORF(OVEORFV±WHUPHHVFULWDPEFHQODIRUPDFDWDODQD DFFHSWDGDUHFHQWPHQWSHO7(50&$7±FRQHJXWVWDPEpFRPDELWjFROHVRDPEHOVHXQRP RULJLQDULDQJOqVZHEORJVLEORJVKDQWLQJXWXQDHQRUPHH[SDQVLyHQHOV~OWLPVGRVDQ VDWRW HOPyQ(VWUDFWDG¶XQDSXEOLFDFLyZHEHQWRUQG¶XQDO QLDWHPjWLFDDFWXDOLW]DGDIUHTHQWPHQW DPEWH[WRVQRPROWH[WHQVRV±DQRPHQDWVHQDQJOqVSRVWVTXHHVSRWWUDGXLUFRPDµHQWUDGHV¶R µDSXQWV¶±VRYLQWGHFDLUHSHUVRQDOLFROÂORFDWVHQRUGUHFURQROzJLFLQYHUVDOVTXDOVHOVOHFWRUV SRGHQDIHJLUFRPHQWDULV4XDQHOEORFpVGHWHPDHGXFDWLXV¶DQRPHQDµHGXEORF¶V¶KLSRGHQ FRPSDUWLUOHVH[SHULqQFLHVLOHVRSLQLRQVGHOVSURIHVVRUVDPEHOVFROÂOHJXHVSHUzWDPEpV¶KL SRWLQFHQWLYDUODSDUWLFLSDFLyGHOVDOXPQHVRGHPDQDUORVTXHREULQHOVVHXVSURSLVEORFVeV SUREDEOHTXHHOEORFVLJXLHOVLVWHPDPpVIjFLOLLPPHGLDWG¶REULUXQDSjJLQDZHEVHQ]LOODL G¶LQLFLDUVHHQHOPyQGHO+70/SHUTXqVROSXEOLFDUVHHQXQHVSDLRIHUWSHUXQSURYHwGRU JUDWXwW L GLVVHQ DW DXWRPjWLFDPHQW VHJRQV XQD SODQWLOOD WULDGD GH PDQHUD TXH QRPpV FDO SUHRFXSDUVHGHTXqV¶KLHVFULX'HPyQFOjVVLFHQYDQDSDUHL[HQWSRFDSRFSRGHPHVPHQWDU (OVGLHVGH'qGDOKWWSGLHVGHGHGDOEORJVSRWFRP!XQEORFHQHOTXDOXWLOLW]RODSUHPVD GLJLWDO SHU PRVWUDU O¶DFWXDOLWDW GHOV FOjVVLFV /RV VXHxRV GH +HUPHV  KWWSDVVHVVRULD]RRPEORJFRP ! TXH VHUYHL[ GH EXWOOHW  LQIRUPDWLX GH O¶$VVHVVRULD GH &XOWXUD &OjVVLFDGHO &(),5( GH 6DJXQW R HO %ORJ GH &DUORV &DEDQLOODV VREUH HGXFDFLy FXOWXUDFOjVVLFDL7,&KWWSFDUORVFDEDQLOODV]RRPEORJFRP!(OPDWHL[&DEDQLOODVSXEOLFD XQ GLDUL GH FODVVH HQ XQ DOWUH EORF  KWWSDXODGHODWLQEORJVRPHFRP ! (Q O¶jPELW GH OD OLWHUDWXUDOODWLQDGHVWDFD0DUWLDOLV7KHHSLJUDPVRI0DUWLDOKWWSPDUWLDOLVEORJVSRWFRP! XQEORF RQYDQDSDUHL[HQWGLDDGLDHOVHSLJUDPHVGH0DUFLDOHQ YHUVLyRULJLQDOLDQJOHVD DWXUDWGHVGHIDXQVPHVRV)LQDOPHQWFRPDFXULRVLWDWSRGHPYLVLWDU'HXVH[FUDSXOD KWWSZZZOLYHMRXUQDOFRPXVHUVEHOXRVXV!XQEORFHVFULWHQOODW SHUXQSXQNTXHHVIDGLU &3XQNXV0D[LPXV*HWDHQHOTXDOV¶REVHUYDHOVHXSURJUHVVLXGRPLQLGHODOOHQJXD /¶~OWLPDFODVVHG¶LQVWUXPHQWVGHOVTXDOVP¶DJUDGDULDSDUODUVyQHOVGHWUHEDOOHQ[DU[D XQDGHOHVYLUWXDOLWDWVPpV GHVWDFDEOHVG¶,QWHUQHW'HL[DQW GHEDQGDO¶~VFRPHUFLDO HOTXH SRGU HPDQRPHQDUOD,QWHUQHWµOOLXUH¶RµREHUWD¶HVFDUDFWHULW]DSHUO¶HVSHULWRODPDQHUDGHIHU TXHSRGU HPGHILQLUFRP³HQWUHWRWVKRIDUHPWRW´DPEODJHQHURVDSDUWLFLSDFLyG¶XQQRPEUH PpVRPHQ VHOHYDWGHSHUVRQHV'¶DTX O¶DXJHGHOHVWDVTXHVLGHOVHQWRUQVFROÂODERUDWLXV FRP DUD OHV HQFLFORSqGLHV YLUWXDOV FROÂODERUDWLYHV HODERUDGHV DPE DSRUWDFLRQV JUDWXwWHV GH PROWVHVSHFLDOLVWHVG¶DUUHXTXHTXHGHQOOLXUHPHQWDO¶DEDVWGHODFRQVXOWDGHWRWKRP$FDVD QRVWUDHOJUXS'LGjFWLFDL0XOWLPqGLD',0QDVFXWDOD)DFXOWDWGH&LqQFLHVGHO¶(GXFDFLy GH OD 8QLYHUVLWDW $XWzQRPD GH %DUFHORQD KD LPSXOVDW GXHV HQFLFORSqGLHV YLUWXDOV FROÂODERUDWLYHV GHVHQYROXSDGHV SHU PHVWUHV L SURIHVVRUV O¶XQD HQ FDVWHOOj  KWWSGHZH XDEHVSPDUTXHVGLPHYFKWP ! L O¶DOWUD GH PRPHQW HQFDUD HPEULRQjULD HQ FDWDOjKWWSSDQJHDRUJGLPHYGLP!7RWHVGXHVSUHYHXHQLQFORXUHUHFXUVRVGHJUHFLGH OODW HQWUHODUHVWDGHPDWqULHVGHWRWHOFLFOHHVFRODU  'HWRWDPDQHUDpVSDWHQWTXHO¶HQFLFORSqGLDYLUWXDOFROÂODERUDWLYDSHUH[FHOÂOqQFLDpV  3HUH[HPSOHDOEORFGHOGHSDUWDPHQWGHOODW GHO¶,(60HOFKRUGH0DFDQD]KWWSODWLQEORJFLQGDULRFRP!   OD :LNLSHGLD  KWWSZZZZLNLSHGLDRUJ ! XQD LQLFLDWLYD G¶DEDVW PXQGLDO DPE YHUVLRQV LQGHSHQGHQWVHQPpVGHGXHVFHQWHVOOHQJHV'HVGHODPDWHL[DRUJDQLW]DFLyHVUHFRQHL[TXH DWqVHOVHXFDLUHREHUWHOYDQGDOLVPHLODLQH[DFWLWXGVyQSUREOHPHVFRQVWDQWVDOD:LNLSHGLD 3HUz PDOJUDW DOJXQV FRQIOLFWHV HVERPEDWV SHOV PLWMDQV GH FRPXQLFDFLy HO VHX SUHVWLJL YD FUHL[HQW $ QRVDOWUHV HQV LQWHUHVVHQ FRQFUHWDPHQW GXHV LQLFLDWLYHV G¶HQFLFORSqGLHV ZLNL REHUWHVFRPQRDODFROÂODERUDFLyGHWRWKRP(QSULPHUOORFHOOODW pVXQDGHOHVOOHQJHVHQ TXqHVUHGDFWDOD:LNLSHGLD/D9LFLSDHGLD/DWLQDKWWSODZLNLSHGLDRUJ!RIHUHL[SHUDUD XQVDUWLFOHVHQOODW WRWLTXHODPDMRULDVyQVXPDULV$PpVDPpVODOOLXUHSDUWLFLSDFLy IDTXHKLKDJLHUURUVOLQJ VWLFV±FDODQDUDPEDWHQFLyGRQFVVLODIHXVHUYLUSHUDFODVVH± PDOJUDWTXHHVYDQFRUUHJLQWSURJUHVVLYDPHQW3HOTXHIDDYHUVLyHQJUHFDQWLFHQFDUDpVXQ SURMHFWHGHOTXDOV¶KDSDUODWSHUzVHQVHDUULEDUDKRUHVG¶DUDDFRQFUHWDUVH7DPEpKHP G¶HVPHQWDU7KHZLNLFODVVLFDOGLFWLRQDU KWWSZZZDQFLHQWOLEUDU FRPZFG!SURMHFWHGH 7KHDQFLHQWOLEUDU FRPHQoDWWRWMXVWHOSHUHODERUDUXQDHQFLFORSqGLDZLNLHQDQJOqV GHGLFDGDDOPyQDQWLF  (OZLNLWDPEpV¶HVWjFRPHQoDQWDXWLOLW]DUDOHVHVFROHVSHUIHUWUHEDOOVHQJUXSQR SUHVHQFLDOVRSHUSXEOLFDUHOVDSXQWVG¶XQDPDWqULDFRPYDIHU&DUORV&DEDQLOODVDPEDSXQWV GHOODW KWWSFDEDQLOODVHDSXQWHVFRP!TXHDUDVHPEOHQHVWDUIRUDGHVHUYHLSHUSUREOHPHV GHOVHUYLGRU  +L KD G¶DOWUHV LQVWUXPHQWV TXH SUHWHQHQ SURPRXUH OD FROÂODERUDFLy R DOPHQ V OD FRPXQLFDFLyHQWUHSURIHVVRUVGHFOjVVLTXHVLGRQDUODSRVVLELOLWDWGHFRPSDUWLUH[SHULqQFLHVL UHFXUVRV3RGHQVHULQLFLDWLYHVLQVWLWXFLRQDOVREpLQGLYLGXDOVRG¶XQJUXSGHSURIHVVLRQDOV(Q DTXHVWGDUUHUFDVVRYLQWDSURILWHQSODWDIRUPHVJUDWXwWHVPDOJUDWKDYHUGHSDJDUHOSHDWJHGHOD SXEOLFLWDW (QWUH DTXHVWHV HLQHV WUREHP HOV DQHOOV HQ HOV TXDOV V¶LQVFULXHQ ZHEV TXH FRPSDUWHL[HQXQPDWHL[LQWHUqVSHUH[HPSOHHOPyQFOjVVLFRHOOODW LTXHSHUPHWHQDQDU SDVVDQWG¶XQDXQDOWUHFRPHOMDFLWDW$QLOORGH'HSDUWDPHQWRVGH&OiVLFDVLHO/DWLQWHDFK :HEULQJ  KWWSYZHEULQJFRPZHEULQJ"ULQJ ODWLQWHDFKOLVW ! (OV IzUXPV YLUWXDOV VyQ HVSDLV GH GLVFXVVLy L GH WUREDGD TXH SHUPHWHQ DOV XVXDULV GHL[DU OHV VHYHV GHPDQGHV R FRQWULEXFLRQV SHU H[HPSOH HO )RUXP GH /DE ULQWKXV  KWWSERDUGVPHORG VRIWFRPDSS",' IRUXPBURPDQXP ! R 0yQ FOjVVLF jUHD WHPjWLFD REHUWD DO QRX )zUXP GH OD ;7(&  KWWSSKRERV[WHFQHWIRUXPYLHZIRUXPSKS"I  ! 4XDQW D OHV OOLVWHV GH GLVWULEXFLy G¶HPDLO HOV SDUWLFLSDQWV V¶LQWHUFDQYLHQ PLVVDWJHV HOHFWUzQLFV 1¶pV XQD PRVWUD +HUPHV FRPXQLWDW YLUWXDO DVVRFLDGD D /DE ULQWKXV  KWWSHVJURXSV DKRRFRPJURXSKHUPHVYLUWXDO!3HOTXHIDDOV[DWVIzUXPVLDOWUHVjPELWV RQOLQH GHVWLQDWV D SUDFWLFDU HO OODW  YLX KL KD TXL HOV YHX FRP XQ ERQ PLWMj SHU D O¶DSUHQHQWDWJHLODSUjFWLFDGHODOOHQJXD  $SXQWVSHUDXQDYDORUDFLyGHO¶~VGLGjFWLFG¶,QWHUQHW  6LVH¶PSHUPHWDO¶KRUDGHDYDOXDUHOVSURVLFRQWUHVG¶,QWHUQHWFRPDHQWRUQHGXFDWLX SDUWLUpGHODPHYDH[SHULqQFLDSHUVRQDO'¶HQojGHOPRPHQWHQTXqYDLJFRPHQoDUDHPSUDU ,QWHUQHW D OD GRFqQFLD GHOV FUqGLWV L OHV PDWqULHV TXH DQWHULRUPHQW LPSDUWLD DPE PLWMDQV WUDGLFLRQDOV KH WLQJXW RFDVLy G¶REVHUYDU OD GLIHUqQFLD L P¶KH DGRQDW PpV FODUDPHQW GH O¶DWUDFFLyTXHH[HUFHL[HQHQHOVDOXPQHV(QHIHFWHOHVPDWHL[HVRVLPLODUVDFWLYLWDWVDEDQV  KWWSODZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL'LVSXWDWLR3DJLQDBSULPD9LFLSDHGLDBLQBOLQJXDB*UDHFDBDQWLTXD! &ULVWyEDO0$&Ë$69,//$/2%26³(OODW QFRPROHQJXDGHXVRHQ,QWHUQHW´0LQHUYD 3HUDXQDDSUR[LPDFLyJHQHUDODOYDORUHGXFDWLXGHOHV7,&L,QWHUQHWYHJHXSHUH[HPSOH0$-Ï0$548Ê6 /DUHYROXFLyQHGXFDWLYDSS5(<9$/=$&&+,,QWHUQHW HGXFDFLyQSS   SUHVHQWDGHVGHPDQHUDWUDGLFLRQDOHQVXSRUWSDSHUDUDHQVXSRUWWHOHPjWLFWHQLHQXQDDFROOLGD PROWPpVSRVLWLYD1RWDQVROVSHUTXqODSUHVHQWDFLyIRVYLVXDOPHQWPpVDWUDFWLYDJUjFLHVDOD FRPELQDFLyG¶LPDWJHVWH[WRVLHOGLVVHQ ZHE±DPEPpVSRVVLELOLWDWVSHUO¶~VGHFRORUVLOD OOLEHUWDW GH GLVWULEXFLy± VLQy HQ HVSHFLDO SHU OD LQWHUDFWLYLWDW TXH SHUPHWHQ OHV QRYHV WHFQRORJLHVGHVGHOVLPSOHFOLFGHOUDWRO TXHSHUPHWSDVVDUG¶XQDVHFFLyDXQDDOWUDRDQDU DYDQoDQWILQVDO¶HODERUDFLyG¶DFWLYLWDWVHVSHF ILFDPHQWGLVVHQ DGHVSHUVHUDXWRDYDOXDWLYHV 1¶pV HO UHVXOWDW TXH HOV DOXPQHV V¶KL LPSOLTXHQ PROW PpV D FDXVD GH O¶H[LJqQFLD G¶XQ FDSWHQLPHQWPpVDFWLXLTXDQKLKDUHVSRVWDGHO¶RUGLQDGRUSHUXQHVW PXOLPPHGLDWTXH IDFLOLWDO¶DSUHQHQWDWJHDSDUWLUGHOVHUURUV $ PpV ,QWHUQHW GyQD PROWD PpV IDFLOLWDW L UDSLGHVD D O¶KRUD G¶DFFHGLU D XQD JUDQ DEXQGjQFLD L YDULHWDW GH PDWHULDOV PXOWLPqGLD L LQWHJUDUORV HQ OD GRFqQFLD IRWRJUDILHV GH UHVWHV L REMHFWHV DUTXHROzJLFV UHFRQVWUXFFLRQV GLEXL[DGHV R YLUWXDOV UHSURGXFFLRQV GH SLQWXUHV L HVFXOWXUHV GH WRWV HOV WHPSV TXH IRUPHQ OD WUDGLFLy FOjVVLFD WH[WRV OLWHUDULV H[SOLFDFLRQVKLVWzULTXHVDQLPDFLRQVGRFXPHQWVVRQRUVY GHR/DPXOWLSOLFLWDWGHUHFXUVRV QRVRODPHQWGyQDDWUDFWLXLYDULHWDWDODGRFqQFLDVLQyTXHDMXGDDODFRPSUHQVLyLFRQFUHFLy G¶DOOzTXHV¶HVWXGLD 8QDOWUHJUDQDYDQWDWJHpVODLQWHUFRQQHFWLYLWDWTXHRIHUHL[HOOOHQJXDWJHKLSHUWH[WXDO JUjFLHVDOVHQOODoRVROLQNVTXHSHUPHWHQSDVVDUG¶XQWHPDDXQDOWUHSHUWDOG¶DPSOLDUORR YHXUH OD UHODFLy HQWUH WRWV GRV $L[  HO OOHQJXDWJH KLSHUWH[WXDO LJXDO TXH OD YDULHWDW GH UHFXUVRVWRWMXVWFLWDGDGyQDPROWGHMRFDODLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULHWDWLSHUPHWGRQDUGHOPyQDQWLF XQD YLVLy JOREDO TXH LQFRUSRUL OOHQJXD KLVWzULD YLGD TXRWLGLDQD UHOLJLy PLWRORJLD SHQVDPHQW DUW L OLWHUDWXUD WRW WUHQFDQW HOV FRPSDUWLPHQWV HVWDQFV TXH VRYLQW RIHJXHQ O¶HQVHQ DPHQWDFDGqPLF3HUPHWSHUH[HPSOHFRPHQWDUHOVWH[WRVOODWLQVDPEUHDOLDD$XOD GHOODW GH3HGUR/&DQRKWWSDQWDO DXDEHVSFDQRDXODWLQOOLEUH,,,WH[WRKWP!RHQOODoDU HO SRHPD ËWDFD GH .RQVWDQGLQRV .DYDILV DPE FRPHQWDULV HQ O¶HGLFLy HOHFWUzQLFD GH /DXUD %RUUjVKWWSZZZXRFHGXKXPILOFW+LSHUBHGXFDWLXVLWDFDLWDFDKWP! 7RWDL[zIDSRVVLEOHHODERUDUPDWHULDOVDPHQVDOKRUDTXHIRUPDWLXVVHQVHKDYHUGH UHGXLUQHHOULJRUFLHQW ILF3HUDOVGRFHQWVXQGHOVDYDQWDWJHVPpVDWUDFWLXVG¶,QWHUQHWVHJRQV ODPHYDH[SHULqQFLDpVSRGHUFUHDUHOVSURSLVPDWHULDOVLGLVVHQ DUORVVHQVHSHUGUHHOFRQWURO GHWRWHOSURFpV2IHUHL[ODSRVVLELOLWDWGHGHVHQYROXSDUODQRVWUDFUHDWLYLWDWSURIHVVLRQDOHQ O¶HODERUDFLyGHPDWHULDOVGLGjFWLFVLGHIHUORVS~EOLFVLGRQDUORVDFRQqL[HUDOVFROÂOHJXHV VHQVHPLWMDQFHUV/D[DU[DGyQDSDVG¶DTXHVWDPDQHUDDODGHPRFUDWLW]DFLyGHODSURGXFFLy LQIRUPDWLYDLQRVRODPHQWKLWHQHQDFFpVHOVSURIHVVRUVVLQyWDPEpHOVHVWXGLDQWVODTXDOFRVD HOVVXSRVDXQHVW PXODIHJLW 1DWXUDOPHQW O¶DYDQWDWJH pV HQ GREOH GLUHFFLy MD TXH GH OD PDWHL[D IRUPD SRGHP FRQqL[HULDSURILWDU HOVUHFXUVRVTXH XWLOLW]HQ DOWUHVSURIHVVRUVGH FOjVVLTXHV RGHPDWqULHV UHODFLRQDGHV GHO QRVWUH HQWRUQ R ILQV GH OD UHVWD GHO PyQ VL VRP FDSDoRV GH VXSHUDU OHV EDUUHUHVLGLRPjWLTXHV$L[zYROGLUTXHSRGHPSUHQGUHLGHHVRILQVLWRWGHVSUpVGHGHPDQDU OLHOFRUUHVSRQHQWSHUP VSRGHPDGDSWDUXQUHFXUVHODERUDWSHUXQFROÂOHJDVLFDOSHUPLWMjGH ODWUDGXFFLyeVPROWSUREDEOHTXHO¶DXWRUKLFRQVHQWLDIDODJDWSHUO¶LQWHUqVTXHGHVSHUWDHO VHXWUHEDOOIRUDGHOVHXjPELWOLQJ VWLF ,QWHUQHWGRQFVpVXQPLWMjSRWHQW VVLPSHUSRVDUQRVHQFRQWDFWHSURIHVVLRQDOVTXH WUHEDOOHP HQ HOV PDWHL[RV WHPHV ±L HQ HO QRVWUH FDV QR VRODPHQW GH GLIHUHQWV FHQWUHV R SREODFLRQVVLQyILQVLWRWGHGLIHUHQWVSDwVRVG¶(XURSDLG¶$PqULFDRQDPE PpVRPHQ V IRUWXQD V¶LPSDUWHL[HQ OHV QRVWUHV PDWqULHV :HEV FRP OD GH &,5&( D QLYHOO HXURSHX   3HUH[HPSOHHQHOZHEGHOVHXGHSDUWDPHQWKWWSDOHUFHSQWLFPHFHVaUPDUWL!5RJHOLR0DUW QH]GHO2UR KDWUDGXwWDFWLYLWDWVGHOZHEIUDQFqV*UDWXPVWXGLXPKWWSZZZJUDWXPVWXGLXPFRP!