Documentation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment, Nam Tso, Tibet, 08th of July – 08th of August 2012

UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH Department of Micrometeorology Documentation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment, Nam Tso, Tibet 08th of July – 08th of August 2012 Tobias Gerken, Kathrin Fuchs, Wolfgang Babel Work Report Nr. 53 Bayreuth, March 2013 2 Arbeitsergebnisse, Universität Bayreuth, Abt. Mikrometeorologie, Print, ISSN 1614-8916 Arbeitsergebnisse, Universität Bayreuth, Abt. Mikrometeorologie, Internet, ISSN 1614-8924 http://www.bayceer.uni-bayreuth.de/mm/ Eigenverlag: Universität Bayreuth, Abt. Mikrometeorologie Vervielfältigung: Druckerei der Universität Bayreuth Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. Thomas Foken Universität Bayreuth, Abteilung Mikrometeorologie D-95440 Bayreuth Die Verantwortung über den Inhalt liegt beim Autor. 3 Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 4 1.1. Description of the experiment ......................................................................... 4 1.2. TiP Project* ..................................................................................................... 4 *This paragraph is cited from Biermann et al. 2009, working report 41 ....................... 4 2. Experimental setup ................................................................................................. 6 2.1. Measurement site ............................................................................................. 6 2.2. Instrumentation ................................................................................................ 9 2.2.1. Radiosondes ................................................................................................. 9 2.2.2. Turbulence measurement complex ........................................................ 12 2.2.3. Radiation and Precipitation .................................................................... 13 2.2.4. Profile tower ........................................................................................... 13 2.2.5. Soil measurement complex .................................................................... 13 3. Site characteristics ................................................................................................ 14 3.1. Vegetation ..................................................................................................... 14 3.2. Soil properties ............................................................................................... 14 4. Weather conditions ............................................................................................... 15 5. DVD Archive ........................................................................................................ 25 6. Literature .............................................................................................................. 26 A. KH20 Calibration .......................................................................................... 27 B. Weather observations .................................................................................... 28 1. Low clouds .................................................................................................... 28 2. Middle clouds ................................................................................................ 36 3. High clouds ................................................................................................... 41 4 1. Introduction 1.1. Description of the experiment The experiment was conducted under the framework of TiP (SPP 1372). During the campaign, radiosondes were launched by the Department of Micrometeorology of the University of Bayreuth. The experiment took place at Nam Tso Comprehensive Observation and Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), at Nam Tso, Tibet, China. The radiosondes deliver vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speeds and directions. Additionally, energy flux data by Eddy Covariance technique, components of the radiation balance measurements of moisture and temperature at 3 m altitude, wind speeds and directions from a tall tower up to 20 m, soil temperature, soil moisture and precipitation data were obtained from the ITP. Expanding on the Nam Tso 2009 campaign, that was primarily aimed at investigating energy and matter fluxes between the surface and the atmosphere, as a requirement for understanding Asian monsoon variability and for quality control and upscaling purpose, the goal of this experiment is to investigate the vertical structure of the atmosphere at Nam Tso Lake basin and to link local/mesoscale atmospheric circulation and local convection to the surface. The measured atmospheric profiles and the data obtained from ITP will serve for model initialization and validation purposes with the ATHAM (Active Tracer High-resolution Atmospheric Model) model that is in active use and under further development at the University of Cambridge, UK. Further, the radiosounding data will be used in order to investigate the boundary layer development under different atmospheric and weather conditions at Nam Tso Lake. 1.2. TiP Project* The German Science Foundation (DFG) priority program 1372 TiP studies the Tibetan Plateau focusing on the three interlinked processes, plateau formation, climate evolution and human impact and Global Change. This study is motivated by the importance of the Tibetan Plateau on a global scale comparable to the importance of Antarctica and the Arctic. Its formation had a profound impact on the environmental evolution at regional and global scales and until today directly influences the habitat of billions of people. Moreover, the Tibetan Plateau, like the Polar Regions, proves to be particularly sensitive to anthropogenic Global Change. The different interactions and research areas of different subprojects are displayed in Figure 1-1. *This paragraph is cited from Biermann et al. 2009, working report 41 5 Within the project the key processes are analyzed with respect to their impact on ecosystems on three different time scales. The first being the Plateau formation, with the uplift dynamics and related climate change during the last millions to several tens of millions of years, he second being the Late Cenozoic climate evolution and environmental response during the last tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years with decadal to centennial resolution. And finally the phase of human impact and Global Change is analyzed focusing on the present stage, the past ~ 8000 years, and perspectives for the future, Figure 1-2. Figure 1-1: Scheme of the different research areas covered in the TiP Project. Figure 1-2: Time scales on which the importance of processes is analyzed within the TiP Project. 6 2. Experimental setup 2.1. Measurement site The measurement site is located at the Nam Tso Station of the CAS Nam (N30° 46.44’ E90° 57.72’). The geographical location is shown in Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2. Nam Tso Station is in a distance of 280 m SO of a small lake at the SE side of Nam Tso Lake, which is located at 4730 m a.s.l. and 150 km N of Lhasa. The small lake’s shore line stretches for about 1 km to each side of the site and in an angle of 232° against north. At Nam Tso Station site an Eddy Covariance (EC) complex is installed, which is equipped with a CSAT3 and KH20. Additionally to the EC Station with a soil complex, there is a CNR4 Net Radiometer as well as a rain gauge. Furthermore, there is a profile tower on the experiment site. An overview of the setup at Nam Tso Station is given in Figure 2-3. The whole area, which also includes a site for a tent, is fenced with a one meter high netting wire. Distances between the different devices and obstacles can be seen in Figure 2-3 and in Table 2-1. Figure 2-1: Map of the Autonomous Region Tibet and the PR China. The black dot marking the Nam Tso Station, CAS. (modified from www.chinatouristmaps.com) 7 Figure 2-2: Location of the experimental site inside Tibet. The + marks the location of the EC Station and the x the location of the Nam Tso Station from CAS (modified from http://en.poehali.org/maps). Figure 2-3: Map of the measurement site at Nam Tso. An overview on the distances to the EC Station is given in Table 2-1. 8 Table 2-1: Distance on the measurement site, as shown in Figure 2-3. Obstacle Label Distance [m] Angle against north [°] EC Station – Tool shed a 65 305 EC Station – Greenhouse b 66 290 EC Station – Main building (1) c 76 280 EC Station – Sealed surface d 72 275 EC Station – Solar panel e 62 270 EC Station – Laboratory f 100 255 EC Station – Road g 77 255 EC Station – Gate h 90 215 EC Station – Main building (2) i 85 270 EC Station – Main building (3) j 135 285 EC Station – Building outside k 130 245 EC Station – Profile tower l 38 60 EC Station – Radiation m 6 38 EC Station – Fence n 24 160 9 2.2. Instrumentation 2.2.1. Radiosondes The radiosondes were launched on selected days for 00, 06 and 12 UTC, corresponding to 08, 14 and 20 BST or approximately 06, 12 and 18 LST on the site of Nam Tso Station (Figure 2-4). The launches were conducted 30 minutes before the above mentioned times in order to take into account the ascent time and have readings of the mid-troposphere at the scheduled time. Vaisala RS92-SGPL sondes with Li-Ion batteries were used together with Totex TA600 balloons filled with Helium corresponding to a free lift of 1.05 kg. From launch 12 on, Totex parachutes were attached. The full components of the sounding system can be seen in Table 2-3 and 2-4, as well a in Figure 2-5. The factory-preselected wavelength of 403.0 MHz was used. Sondes were reconditioned before launching. Due to a lack of drying agent in the GC25 no ground-check was executed. Due to a lack of ground measurements, near-surface measurements of the radiosondes were used for the p0 level. The first sounding (17-07-2012 00UTC) was launched the station parameters of Lhinzi station in the System-Parameter settings of the sounding system. This was corrected for subsequent launches. Communication with Vaisala tech-support indicated that this would have an effect on the results of the sounding, such as sonde position and vertical processing of data. It was therefore decided to re-simulate the sounding with correct station altitude and station coordinates from the binary d3cbfile. This was done by Vaisala tech-support on 06-03-2013. The resulting new d3cbfile and ETD-file were placed into the data folder with the suffix Vaisala. Figure 2-4: Radiosonde ascent at Nam Tso Station Table 4-1: Weather observations at Nam Tso Station (NyT refers to the Nanyang Tangla mountains, σ to the cloud fraction in octa, C to the international cloud codes, the time conversion from BST to LST is -2 hours) Date Time Wind Visibility Key Octa Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Remarks/Observer BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH 10.07.12 11 WSW, strong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 25 7 4 8 7 7 / 8 increasing cover mountain tops above cloud cover TG KF 10.07.12 14 WSW, strong > 50 > 10 15? 60 5 4 8 / 7 / 9 clearing from W rain stopped during observations, TG KF WB 10.07.12 17 lake, weak >15 45 >10 >20 3 3 1 8 1 6 3 6 increasing cover TG, KF, WB 10.07.12 20 lake, strong >15 30? >10 >20 3 7 4 9 7 2 / 0 increasing cover rain from Cb in W and N, TG KF 11.07.12 8 weak >15 45 >10 >20 16 8 8 5 / / / 0 clearing rain over western NyT and western lake, ca. 9 hail and shower, TG 11.07.12 11 lake, weak >15 ? >10 >20 21 8 8 5 / / / 0 clearing TG KF 11.07.12 14 WSW, weak >15 > 50 >10 >20 1 5 3 9 / 7 / 1 clearing TG KF 11.07.12 17 W, strong 10 10 10 10 60 8 8 5 / 0 / / no tendency TG KF 11.07.12 20 lake, weak >15 ? >10 >20 3 7 7 5 / / / 8 increasing cover TG KF 12.07.12 8 S, weak 15 45/1 5 >10 20 1 7 7 9 / 4 / / clearing Mountain tops above cloud cover (NyT), W clear, else fog TG KF 12.07.12 11 E, weak >15 >50 >10 >20 2 3 3 2 / 0 / 0 no tendency S+E Cu med move from the mountains over the plain, dew until 10h, TG KF 12.07.12 14 lake, moderate >15 40 ? >10 >20 15 2 2 2 0 4 1 3 no tendency Clouds disperse above the lake TG KF 12.07.12 17 lake, moderate >15 >50 >10 >20 2 1 1 2 / 1 / 0 no tendency Cu also above the lake, TG KF 12.07.12 20 SE, weak >15 30? >10 >20 3 2 2 5 1 4 1 1 no tendency Cloud fragments above the lake, TG KF, 30 min later Sc move from both mountain Continuation of Table 4-1: Weather observations at Nam Tso Station (NyT refers to the Nanyang Tangla mountains, σ to the cloud fraction in octa, C to the international cloud codes, the time conversion from BST to LST is -2 hours) 17 Date Time Wind Visibility Key Octa Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Remarks/Observer BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH chains to the lake 13.07.12 8 WSW, moderate 10 25 10 20 15 7 7 5 / 5 / / ? mountain tops covered TG KF 13.07.12 11 WSW, weak 15 35 10 15 50 7 6 5 / 7 / / clearing E: mountains in the fog, TG KF 13.07.12 14 lake, moderate >15 35 > 10 >20 15 2 2 2 1 6 / 3 Cu development rain on the mountains next to lake, TG 13.07.12 17 changing, weak >15 35 > 10 >20 14 7 3 8 7 1 / 0 increasing cover TG 13.07.12 20 WNW, gusty >15 30? > 10 20 63 8 8 7 / / / / clearing moderate rain, TG 14.07.12 8 SE, weak – moderate 5-15 25 > 10 1015 15 7 6 6 / 4 / / clearing rain big lake, TG 14.07.12 11 calm 10 25 > 10 15? 63 8 8 5 / / / / ? rain, TG KF 14.07.12 14 lake, strengthening >15 50/3 0 > 10 >20 3 3 1 2 1 4 1 9 Cu development TG KF 14.07.12 17 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 7 4 5 7 2 / / Cu development KF 14.07.12 20 NW, strong >15 40 > 10 >20 17 8 3 5 8 2 / / Cu development shelf cloud moves from NyT on the plain, TG 15.07.12 8 S, weak >15 20/3 0 10 15 50 8 8 6 / / / / no tendency TG,KF 15.07.12 11 NW, weak 15 30 10 15? 15 8 7 5 / 2 / / no tendency TG KF 15.07.12 14 N, weak >15 45 >10 >20 15 6 2 9 5 6 2 9 Cu development Cu move from NyT on the plain, 3-4 Cb in northern hemisphere, TG KF 15.07.12 17 NW, weak 15 50 > 10 20 15 5 1 9 2 7 5 3 Cu development rain in E from Cb, TG KF 15.07.12 20 moderatestrong 15 50 > 10 20 15 7 1 9 3 6 / 1 Cu development thunderstorm in the night over NyT, W and lake, TG KF 16.07.12 8 E, moderate 15 30 >10 20 0 7 7 6 / 2 / / no tendency snow on top of the mountains in NyT and E, TG KT Continuation of Table 4-1: Weather observations at Nam Tso Station (NyT refers to the Nanyang Tangla mountains, σ to the cloud fraction in octa, C to the international cloud codes, the time conversion from BST to LST is -2 hours) 18 Date Time Wind Visibility Key Octa Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Remarks/Observer BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH 16.07.12 11 SW, moderate 15 25 >10 15 63 8 8 7 / 2 / / clearing clearing in E, KF 16.07.12 14 W, weak >15 30 > 10 >20 15 7 1 2 7 7 / / Cu development rain in W, Tg KF 16.07.12 17 W, strong >15 40 > 10 >20 3 7 2 2 7 7 / 1 Cu development TG 16.07.12 20 SW, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 7 1 2 6 7 / 1 Cu development TG, KF 17.07.12 8 calm >15 > 50 > 10 >20 0 5 / 8 1 1 5 9 ? dew, TG, KF 17.07.12 9 calm >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 5 / 8 1 7 5 9 Cu clearing TG, KF 17.07.12 10 lake, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 4 1 8 1 5 4 6 Cu development dew disappeared, TG, KF 17.07.12 11 N, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 3 2 2 1 5 3 7 Cu development Conv.over NyT, TG, KF 17.07.12 12 lake, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 3 1 2 / 5 2 7 Cu development 11-12 Cu con development and dispersal NyT, TG KF 17.07.12 13 lake, weak >15 > 50 10 15? 3 3 2 9 / 5 / 7 Cu development NyT thunder, 13:15 thunder NyT, 13:35 storm between station and NyT, sonde ascents N of the storm, KF 17.07.12 14 SW, strong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 3 1 9 3 6 3 3 Cu development TG, KF 17.07.12 15 SW, moderate 3 1 9 3 6 1 3 Cu development KF 17.07.12 16 lake, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 6 2 3 3 6 / 2 Cu development TG, KF 17.07.12 17 W, strong >15 3040 > 10 15 15 6 2 3 3 6 6 2 Cu development rain above NyT, TG 17.07.12 18 W, strong >15 3040 > 10 15 15 7 2 8 6 6 / 2 Cu development rain above NyT, TG KF 17.07.12 19 W, strong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 8 2 8 8 7 / / Cu development KF 17.07.12 20 W, moderate >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 8 2 7 8 7 / / no tendency rain in E, TG, KF 17.07.12 21 SW, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 7 2 2 7 7 / 8 clearing KF 18.07.12 8 SE, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 0 3 1 1 3 5 / 2 KF 18.07.12 9 E, very weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 6 1 4 6 5 / 2 KF 18.07.12 10 N, very weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 3 2 2 2 5 / 2 Ac str un KF Continuation of Table 4-1: Weather observations at Nam Tso Station (NyT refers to the Nanyang Tangla mountains, σ to the cloud fraction in octa, C to the international cloud codes, the time conversion from BST to LST is -2 hours) 19 Date Time Wind Visibility Key Octa Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Remarks/Observer BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH spersedi, Cu development 18.07.12 11 changing, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 2 2 1 5 1 9 Cu development KF 18.07.12 12 WNW, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 1 9 1 5 1 9 Cu development KF 18.07.12 13 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 1 9 1 6 1 9 Cu development KF 18.07.12 14 NW, moderate >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 2 9 1 6 1 9 Cu development KF 18.07.12 15 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 1 1 9 / 0 1 9 Cu development rain from Cb in W and on the lake, Cu med above lake, TG 18.07.12 16 E, moderate >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 3 1 9 1 6 3 9 Cu development Dispersal of Cu above the lake, TG 18.07.12 17 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 3 6 1 9 1 6 6 2 Cu development TG 18.07.12 18 lake, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 3 1 9 1 6 3 3 clearing TG 18.07.12 19 lake, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 3 1 9 / 6 3 3 no tendency TG 18.07.12 20 W, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 2 3 1 9 1 6 3 2 no tendency TG 19.07.12 7 SE, weak >15 > 50 10 >20 0 7 1 5 1 4 7 2 KF 19.07.12 8 S, strong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 6 2 5 2 4 5 2 KF 19.07.12 9 SE, strong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 5 3 5 2 4 3 9 KF 19.07.12 10 SE, strong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 3 1 2 1 8 2 2 Ci disperse, moderate Cu development KF 19.07.12 11 S, strong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 2 2 1 8 1 2 Cu development, Ci almost dispersed KF 19.07.12 12 calm >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 4 4 9 1 4 1 9 Cu development, Ci almost dispersed KF 19.07.12 13 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 6 6 9 1 6 1 9 Cu development, Ci almost KF Continuation of Table 4-1: Weather observations at Nam Tso Station (NyT refers to the Nanyang Tangla mountains, σ to the cloud fraction in octa, C to the international cloud codes, the time conversion from BST to LST is -2 hours) 20 Date Time Wind Visibility Key Octa Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Remarks/Observer BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH dispersed 19.07.12 14 N, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 2 9 0 / 1 2 Cu development, Ci almost dispersed KF 19.07.12 15 NW, moderate >15 40 > 10 >20 15 6 2 9 1 6 3 increasing cover TG 19.07.12 16 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 20 16 7 5 9 / 4 / 2 increasing cover Rain on the plain, W, E, TG 19.07.12 17 S, moderate >15 40 > 10 20 29 4 3 2 2 3 8 increasing cover lake: rain, 30 min ago: thunderstorm at station, TG 19.07.12 18 SW, strong >15 40 > 10 20 62 7 3 9 7 6 / / no tendency TG 19.07.12 19 E, moderate >15 40 > 10 20 16 7 2 9 7 6 / / no tendency rain in NyT, E, TG 19.07.12 20 NyT, strong >15 40 > 10 20 14 8 / 2 6 6 / 2 no tendency TG 19.07.12 21 NyT, strong >15 40 > 10 20 15 8 1 8 8 8 / / no tendency TG 20.07.12 8 S, strong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 0 5 1 5 2 8 5 8 KF 20.07.12 9 W, moderate >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 6 3 1 2 4 2 9 KF 20.07.12 11 W, moderatestrong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 6 3 2 4 2 KF 20.07.12 14 W, strong >15 40 > 10 20 15 7 5 2 / 4 / 2 Cu development TG 20.07.12 17 SW, moderate >15 40 > 10 20 81 6 5 9 / 6 / 5 Cu development TG 20.07.12 20 SE, strong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 7 2 9 6 7 / 2 TG 21.07.12 8 W, strong 1015 1015 10 1015 50 8 8 6 / / / / no tendency TG 21.07.12 11 W, strong 1015 1015 10 1015 60 8 3 5 8 2 / / clearing above lake: clearing,TG 21.07.12 14 W, moderate 15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 7 2 9 6 8 / 3 KF 21.07.12 17 10 > 50 > 10 >20 15 7 2 5 2 7 / 3 increasing cover from N rain in N, KF 21.07.12 20 S, moderate >15 30 > 10 >20 15 7 2 8 7 7 / / TG 22.07.12 7 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 0 5 5 5 / / / / clearing in W clearing, TG Continuation of Table 4-1: Weather observations at Nam Tso Station (NyT refers to the Nanyang Tangla mountains, σ to the cloud fraction in octa, C to the international cloud codes, the time conversion from BST to LST is -2 hours) 21 Date Time Wind Visibility Key Octa Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Remarks/Observer BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH 22.07.12 8 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 20 1 7 7 5 / / / / KF 22.07.12 9 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 20 2 7 7 5 / / / / KF 22.07.12 10 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 7 7 8 / / / / KF 22.07.12 11 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 6 6 8 / / / / clearing in W and N clearing, KF 22.07.12 12 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 1 2 1 4 / 0 Cu development Dispersal of Cu above plain, TG 22.07.12 13 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 1 1 2 1 4 / 0 clearing TG 22.07.12 14 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 2 9 1 8 1 2 KF 22.07.12 15 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 14 2 2 9 1 4 1 3 Cu development TG 22.07.12 16 W, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 15 6 1 9 5 7 1 3 increasing cover TG 22.07.12 17 W, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 3 2 2 9 1 7 1 3 KF 22.07.12 18 W, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 3 2 2 9 1 6 1 3 KF 22.07.12 19 W, moderate >15 40 > 10 >20 15 6 2 9 6 8 2 increasing cover Increasing wind, TG 22.07.12 20 W, strong 10 40 > 10 >20 3 7 4 9 7 1 / / strong thunderstorm at the station during nighttime, KF 23.07.12 7 >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 7 7 5 / / / / clearing KF 23.07.12 8 WSW,weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 7 6 5 / / / / KF 23.07.12 9 WSW,weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 7 7 5 / / / / KF 23.07.12 10 WSW,weak 10 > 50 10 >20 2 7 7 5 / / / / KF 23.07.12 11 calm >15 > 50 > 10 >20 14 5 5 6 1 4 / 0 clearing TG 23.07.12 12 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 15 2 2 9 1 4 / 0 clearing TG 23.07.12 13 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 15 2 2 9 1 4 1 2 Cu development TG 23.07.12 14 N, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 ? 1 1 9 1 4 1 2 Cu development TG 23.07.12 15 calm >15 40 > 10 >20 15 1 1 9 1 7 / 0 Cu development TG 23.07.12 16 W, moderate >15 40 > 10 >20 16 1 1 9 5 7 1 9 Cu development TG 23.07.12 17 calm >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 6 5 9 / 6 / 3 Cu development KF Continuation of Table 4-1: Weather observations at Nam Tso Station (NyT refers to the Nanyang Tangla mountains, σ to the cloud fraction in octa, C to the international cloud codes, the time conversion from BST to LST is -2 hours) 22 Date Time Wind Visibility Key Octa Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Remarks/Observer BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH 23.07.12 18 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 14 2 1 2 1 4 / 2 increasing cover TG 23.07.12 19 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 3 2 9 2 7 / 3 Cu development KF 23.07.12 20 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 5 4 9 / 7 / / rain in N, KF 24.07.12 7 E, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 0 7 1 1 7 7 / / KF 24.07.12 8 E, moderate >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 7 2 5 7 / / East: clearing KF 24.07.12 9 E, weakmoderate >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 6 1 2 6 / / Cu con at 7.00 LST! KF 24.07.12 10 E, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 14 7 1 5 6 8 / 9 clearing TG 24.07.12 11 E, moderate >15 40 > 10 >20 1 5 3 8 2 8 3 8 clearing TG 24.07.12 12 E, moderate >15 40 > 10 >20 ? 7 1 3 / 1 7 8 Cu development TG 24.07.12 13 SE, moderate >15 40 > 10 >20 2 7 2 9 6 1 / 9 Cu development KF 24.07.12 14 S, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 3 6 2 9 6 7 / / Cu development KF 24.07.12 15 S, weak 10 40 > 10 >20 15 6 2 9 6 1 / 2 Cu development rain in N, KF 24.07.12 16 E, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 2 7 3 9 7 1 / 2 KF 24.07.12 17 calm >15 40 > 10 >20 15 7 3 9 7 7 / 9 rain in E, KF 24.07.12 18 SW, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 15 7 6 9 / 7 / 9 rain in E, KF 24.07.12 19 E, strong >15 40 > 10 >20 16 7 2 9 6 6 / 1 Cu development approaching thunderstorm from lake, TG 24.07.12 20 calm >15 3040 > 10 >20 25 7 1 9 3 6 3 increasing cover TG 25.07.12 8 W, weak >15 > 50 10 >20 1 7 3 8 / 7 / / KF 25.07.12 11 25.07.12 14 lake, weak >15 15 > 10 >20 16 8 5 8 / / / no tendency TG 25.07.12 17 S, moderate >15 40 > 10 15? 15 6 1 9 4 5 1 3 TG 25.07.12 20 W, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 53 8 6 5 8 / / KF 26.07.12 8 calm 10 40 10 10 50 8 2 5 8 2 / / rain in S and E, KF 26.07.12 11 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 15 7 7 5 / / / / clearing snow on the mountain tops Continuation of Table 4-1: Weather observations at Nam Tso Station (NyT refers to the Nanyang Tangla mountains, σ to the cloud fraction in octa, C to the international cloud codes, the time conversion from BST to LST is -2 hours) 23 Date Time Wind Visibility Key Octa Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Remarks/Observer BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH in NyT and E, TG 26.07.12 14 SW, weakmoderate >15 30 > 10 >20 3 7 7 8 / 5 / / KF 26.07.12 17 >15 40 > 10 >20 15 8 3 8 8 7 / / KF 26.07.12 20 27.07.12 7 SE, weak >15 30 >10 10 80 8 8 5 / 7 / / no tendency TG 27.07.12 8 E, weak >15 35 > 10 10 53 8 7 5 / 7 / / no tendency KF 27.07.12 9 E, weakmoderate 15 30 10 8 65 8 8 5 / / / / no tendency KF 27.07.12 10 E, moderate 10 30 > 10 10 51 8 8 5 / / / / no tendency TG 27.07.12 11 N, weak 10 30 > 10 10 62 8 7 5 / 7 / / clearing TG 27.07.12 12 SE, weak 15 30 10 10 51 7 7 5 / 7 no tendency KF 27.07.12 13 W, moderate >15 30 <10 15 15 7 5 5 / 7 / / no tendency KF 27.07.12 14 SE, strong >15 30 > 10 15 15 5 7 / TG 27.07.12 15 SE, weak >15 30 > 10 15 15 7 3 8 7 7 / / clearing TG 27.07.12 16 W, weak >15 30 > 10 15 1 7 5 2 7 7 / / KF 27.07.12 17 SW, strong >15 30 > 10 >20 15 7 2 8 4 / 8 clearing TG 27.07.12 18 10 30 > 10 >20 15 6 4 9 / 7 / 2 Cu development KF 27.07.12 19 W, moderate >15 30 > 10 >20 15 6 3 9 6 7 / 3 KF 27.07.12 20 SW, weak >15 30 > 10 >20 14 6 2 9 / 7 / 3 KF 27.07.12 21 calm >15 30 > 10 >20 14 7 3 9 7 7 / / KF 28.07.12 7 W, weak 10 10 10 10 61 8 8 7 / / / / weak rain, KF 28.07.12 8 S, weak 10 10 10 10 61 7 7 7 / / / / SW clearing weak rain, KF 28.07.12 9 S, weak 10 10 25 10 63 7 7 7 / 7 / / SW and S clearing moderate rain, KF 28.07.12 10 SE, weak >15 30 > 10 >20 1 7 1 7 / / TG: cloud classification inconsistent between KF and Continuation of Table 4-1: Weather observations at Nam Tso Station (NyT refers to the Nanyang Tangla mountains, σ to the cloud fraction in octa, C to the international cloud codes, the time conversion from BST to LST is -2 hours) 24 Date Time Wind Visibility Key Octa Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Remarks/Observer BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH TG 28.07.12 11 W, weak >15 15 > 10 >20 15 7 3 5 7 7 / / W and SW clearing KF 28.07.12 12 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 1 7 1 7 / / clearing from W TG 28.07.12 13 W, weakmoderate >15 > 40 > 10 >20 3 7 5 9 / 7 / 9 KF 28.07.12 14 lake, weak >15 30 > 10 >20 1 7 5 / / TG 28.07.12 15 SE, moderate >15 40 > 10 >20 2 6 5 / / TG 28.07.12 16 S, strong >15 > 40 > 10 >20 15 6 5 9 / 7 / 9 Cu development KF 28.07.12 17 SE, strong >15 30 > 10 >20 15 4 2 2 1 TG 28.07.12 18 SE, moderate >15 30 > 10 >20 1 3 1 1 1 TG 28.07.12 19 S, moderate >15 > 40 > 10 >20 3 3 2 9 / 6 / 3 KF 28.07.12 20 calm >15 > 40 > 10 >20 7 1 4 3 increasing cover, massive Cb in SW TG 5. DVD Archive The raw data and additional information can be found in the DVD archive of the Department of micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth, labeled “Experiment Nam Tso 2012”. Figure 5-1: Structure of the DVD “Experiment Nam Tso 2012” (Data collected at Nam Tso in 2012). Continuation of table B-1: Low clouds, weather observations at Nam Tso Station (σ refers to the cloud fraction in octa) 32 Date Time Low Clouds Sectors BST σL CL lake SW NyT NE Azimuth hum, med, con 22/07/12 11 6 8 Sc Sc Sc, Cu hum, med Sc Sc 22/07/12 12 1 2 Cu med, Cu con → Cb Cu med, Cb Cu med , fra, con Cu med, con Cu hum 22/07/12 13 1 2 Cu med, Cu con Cu med, Cu con Cu med Cu med, Cu con / 22/07/12 14 2 9 Cb, Cu hum, med, Cu con Cu hum, med, con Cb, Cu hum, med, con, fra Cb, Cu hum, med, con, fra Cu fra 22/07/12 15 2 9 Cb (lake), Cu med, con Cb (lake) Cu hum, med, Cb Cu med, con pre Cu fra (dispersal) 22/07/12 16 1 9 Cu hum, med Cb pre, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con, Cb Cu hum, med, con 22/07/12 17 2 9 Cu hum, med, con Sc Cb, Cu hum, med, con, fra Cu hum, med, con, fra 22/07/12 18 2 9 Cb, Cu hum, med, fra Cb, Cu hum, med, fra Cu hum, med, con, fra Cu hum, med Cu fra 22/07/12 19 2 9 Cu hum, med, Cb pre Cu hum, med, Cb pre Cu hum, med, con, Cb Cu hum, med, Cb pre 22/07/12 20 4 9 Cb, Cu hum, Sc Sc Cb, Cu hum, med, Sc Cu hum Sc 23/07/12 7 7 5 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc 23/07/12 8 6 5 Sc Sc Sc St Sc 23/07/12 9 7 5 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc 23/07/12 10 7 5 Sc pre Sc Sc pre, Cu hum Sc Sc 23/07/12 11 5 6 Cu hum, Cu med, Sc(lake) Sc virg, Cu hum, med Sc, Cu hum Sc, Cu hum, Cu med Sc fra 23/07/12 12 2 9 Sc, Cu hum, med, con Cu med, Cu con virg Cu med, con, Cb cal pre Cu fra (I.dispersal) 23/07/12 13 2 9 Cu hum, med, con, Cb inc pre Cb hum, med, con → Cb Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu fragments 23/07/12 14 1 9 Cu hum, med, con, Cb Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu fragments 23/07/12 15 1 9 Cb inc pre, Sc, Cu hum, med Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, Cu med Cu hum, med, con / 23/07/12 16 1 9 Cb inc pre, Cu hum, med Cb, Cu med, con Cu hum, med Cu med / 23/07/12 17 5 9 Cb, Cu hum, med, Cu hum Cb, Cu hum, med, Cu hum, med, con Continuation of table B-1: Low clouds, weather observations at Nam Tso Station (σ refers to the cloud fraction in octa) 33 Date Time Low Clouds Sectors BST σL CL lake SW NyT NE Azimuth con con 23/07/12 18 1 2 Cu hum, med, con Cu med, con Cu med, con, Cb Cu med / 23/07/12 19 2 9 Cb, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med Cb, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, fra Cu fra 23/07/12 20 4 9 Cb, Cu hum Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cb, Cu hum, med, con Cu fra, hum 24/07/12 7 1 1 Cu hum Cu hum Cu fra Cu fra Cu fra, hum 24/07/12 8 2 5 Cu hum Cu fra Sc Cu hum 24/07/12 9 1 2 Cu hum Cu hum, con Cu hum, med , fra Cu hum, med 24/07/12 10 1 5 Cu hum, med (con) Sc Cu hum Cu hum, med, con Cu fetzen 24/07/12 11 3 8 Cu med, con Cu med, con Cu hum, med Cu hum, med Cu fezten, Sc 24/07/12 12 1 3 Cu med, con, Cb cal Cu med, con Cu med, con, Cb Cu hum, med, con pre Cu hum 24/07/12 13 2 9 Cb inc, Cu hum, med, fra Cb, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cb pre, Cu hum, med Cu hum 24/07/12 14 2 9 Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med Cu hum Cb, Cu hum Cu fra 24/07/12 15 2 9 Cb pre, Cu hum, med Cu hum, med Cu hum, med Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, fra 24/07/12 16 3 9 Cb pre, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med Cb, Cu hum, med Cb, Cu hum, med Cu fra 24/07/12 17 3 9 Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cb, Cu hum, med, con Cb pre, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum 24/07/12 18 6 9 Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, con Cb, Cu hum, med Cb pre, Cu hum, med Cu hum, med 24/07/12 19 2 9 Cu med, fra, Sc, Cb Cu med, Cb pre Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu fra 24/07/12 20 1 9 Cu hum, med, Cb (dispersal) Cu hum, Cu fra, con Cb inc, Cu hum, med / 25/07/12 8 3 8 Cu fra St, Sc St, Cu fra Cu fra Cu fra 25/07/12 11 25/07/12 14 5 8 Cu hum, Ns pan Ns pan pre Ns pan Ns pan Sc 25/07/12 17 1 9 Cu fra, Cb (in dispersal), Cu med, con Cu hum, med, con, Cb Cb inc pre, Cu fra Cb inc pre, / 25/07/12 20 6 5 Ns Sc Sc Ns Ns 26/07/12 8 2 5 Cu fra St Ns Ns 26/07/12 11 7 5 Sc, Cu fra Sc, Cu fra Sc, Cu fra Sc, Cu fra Sc, Cu fra 26/07/12 14 7 8 Sc, Cu con Sc, Cu con Cu hum, Sc Sc Continuation of table B-1: Low clouds, weather observations at Nam Tso Station (σ refers to the cloud fraction in octa) 34 Date Time Low Clouds Sectors BST σL CL lake SW NyT NE Azimuth med 26/07/12 17 3 8 Sc, Cu med, fra Ns pre, Cu hum Ns pre Sc Sc 26/07/12 20 27/07/12 7 8 5 Sc, Cu fra Sc Ns pre Ns Ns 27/07/12 8 7 5 Sc, Cu fra Sc Sc, Ns, Cu fra Ns pre Ns 27/07/12 9 8 5 Sc, Cu fra Sc, Ns Ns Ns pre Ns pre 27/07/12 10 8 5 Ns, St neb Ns pan, Sc Sc, Ns Ns, St neb Ns pre 27/07/12 11 7 5 Ns pre, Sc Cu hum, med, con Ns pre, Sc Ns pre Ns pre 27/07/12 12 7 5 Sc Sc Ns pre Ns pre Ns pre 27/07/12 13 5 5 Sc Sc Ns pre Sc, Ns pre As 27/07/12 14 5 Sc, Cb Sc Ns pre Sc, Ns pre 27/07/12 15 3 8 Cu fra, Cu med Sc, Cu fra Ns pre Ns, Cu med Cu fra 27/07/12 16 5 2 Cu hum, med Cu fra Cu fra Cu hum, med Cu fra 27/07/12 17 2 8 Cu hum, med Cu hum Sc Cu hum, Cu med, Cb Cu con (Plain) 27/07/12 18 4 9 Cb, Cu hum, con Sc Cb pre, Cu hum ,med, con Cu hum, med Cu fra 27/07/12 19 3 9 Cu hum, med, con Cu hum Cu hum, med Cb , Cu hum, med, con Cu fra 27/07/12 20 2 9 Cb pre, Cu hum, con Cu hum, med Cb, Cu hum, med Cb, Cu hum, med 27/07/12 21 3 9 Cb inc, Cu hum Cu fra Cb, Sc Cb, Sc 28/07/12 7 8 7 St St St St St 28/07/12 8 7 7 St St St Ns pre St 28/07/12 9 7 7 St Ns St Ns St 28/07/12 10 1 Cu hum, med Sc Sc Cu hum, med, fra 28/07/12 11 3 5 Sc Sc Sc, Cu fra Sc 28/07/12 12 1 Cu hum, med Cu hum, med, con Sc Cu med 28/07/12 13 5 9 Cb inc, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Sc, Cu hum, med Sc, Cu hum, med Sc 28/07/12 14 5 Cu hum med con Cu med con, Cb Sc Cu hum med Sc 28/07/12 15 5 Cb inc, Cu hum, med, con Cb inc, Cu hum, med, con Sc Cu hum med con Sc 28/07/12 16 5 9 Cb inc pre, Cu hum, med, con Cb inc, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, fra 28/07/12 17 2 Cb inc (dispersal), Cu hum, med Cu hum, Sc Sc, Cu hum Cu hum, med Continuation of table B-1: Low clouds, weather observations at Nam Tso Station (σ refers to the cloud fraction in octa) 35 Date Time Low Clouds Sectors BST σL CL lake SW NyT NE Azimuth 28/07/12 18 1 Cb cal, Cu hum, med, con Cb cal, Cu med, con Cu hum, med Cu hum, med, con Cu hum (dispersal) 28/07/12 19 2 9 Cu hum, con Cu fra, hum Cu hum, med, con, fra Cb inc, Cu hum, med Cu hum 28/07/12 20 1 Cu hum, med, con, Cb Cb inc Cu con Cu med, con, Cb mam Table B-1: Low clouds, weather observations at Nam Tso Station (σ refers to the cloud fraction in octa) 2. Middle clouds Table B-2: Middle clouds, weather observations at Nam Tso Station (σ refers to the cloud fraction in octa) Date Time Middle Clouds Sectors BST σM CM lake SW NyT NE Azimuth 10/07/12 11 7 7 As Ac → As Ac → As Ac → As As transl. 10/07/12 14 / 7 Ac (several layers) As/ Ns As As, Ac 10/07/12 17 1 6 Ac As → Ac Ac aus Cb Ac aus Cb 10/07/12 20 7 2 As As As As 11/07/12 8 / / 11/07/12 11 / / 11/07/12 14 / 7 As Ac, As As 11/07/12 17 / 0 11/07/12 20 / / As 12/07/12 8 / 4 Ac 12/07/12 11 / 0 12/07/12 14 0 4 Ac len 12/07/12 17 / 1 As 12/07/12 20 1 4 Ac As Ac Ac 13/07/12 8 / 5 Ac 13/07/12 11 / 7 Ac Ac 13/07/12 14 1 6 Ac Ac cum As Ac , As 13/07/12 17 7 1 As trans. As trans virg. As As As transl. 13/07/12 20 / / 14/07/12 8 / 4 Ac 14/07/12 11 / / 14/07/12 14 1 4 Ac len Ac len, Ac Ac len 14/07/12 17 7 2 As, Ac As, Ac As As As 14/07/12 20 8 2 Ac len, As As, Ac virg As As 15/07/12 8 / / 15/07/12 11 / 2 As As 15/07/12 14 5 6 Ac ( above lake), Ac str perl. Ac virg, Ac str perl Ac str, Ac Ac str 15/07/12 17 2 7 As cum, Ac ( above lake) Ac, As cum Ac, As 16/07/12 8 / 2 As 16/07/12 11 / 2 16/07/12 14 7 7 Ac Ac, As Ac Ac Ac str. tra, perl. 16/07/12 17 7 7 Ac, As trans Ac, As Ac Ac, Ac und, As Ac 16/07/12 20 6 7 As, Ac Ac, As Ac Ac Ac str 17/07/12 8 1 1 Ac As As 17/07/12 9 1 7 Ac str As, Ac flo Ac, As Continuation of table B-3: High clouds, weather observations at Nam Tso Station (σ refers to the cloud fraction in octa) Date Time Middle Clouds Sectors BST σM CM lake SW NyT NE Azimuth 17/07/12 10 1 5 Ac str Ac str As Ac (len?) 17/07/12 11 1 5 Ac str Ac str Ac 17/07/12 12 / 5 Ac str 17/07/12 13 / 5 Ac Ac 17/07/12 14 3 6 Ac Ac cum un Ac 17/07/12 15 3 6 Ac cum Ac str cum 17/07/12 16 3 6 Ac cum Ac cum, Ac Ac cum, Ac Ac cum 17/07/12 17 3 6 Ac cum Ac cum, Ac (cast?) Ac, Ac cum Ac cum Ac str tra 17/07/12 18 6 6 Ac cum vir Ac cum, As Ac cum Ac cum Ac cum 17/07/12 19 8 7 As, Ac As, Ac As, Ac As, Ac str und As, Ac 17/07/12 20 8 7 As virg, Ac As, Ac str un, len, vir As Ac, As 17/07/12 21 7 7 Ac Ac, As Ac As, Ac As 18/07/12 8 3 5 Ac str un Ac str un Ac str un, As Ac str un 18/07/12 9 6 5 Ac str un Ac str un Ac str un Ac str un Ac str un 18/07/12 10 2 5 Ac str un Ac str un Ac str un Ac str un 18/07/12 11 1 5 Ac str Ac str 18/07/12 12 1 5 Ac str un 18/07/12 13 1 6 Ac cum Ac 18/07/12 14 1 6 Ac cum Ac cum Ac cum Ac cum 18/07/12 15 / 0 18/07/12 16 1 6 Ac str und Ac cum Ac cum 18/07/12 17 1 6 Ac cum Ac Ac Ac str Ac str 18/07/12 18 1 6 Ac Ac cum Ac cum Ac cum 18/07/12 19 / 6 Ac, Ac cum vir Ac cum 18/07/12 20 1 6 Ac cum Ac cum Ac str 19/07/12 7 1 4 Ac Ac Ac Ac 19/07/12 8 2 4 Ac, As Ac 19/07/12 9 2 4 Ac flo vir Ac Ac flo 19/07/12 10 1 8 Ac flo As Ac str flo Ac str flo 19/07/12 11 1 8 Ac len, flo Ac 19/07/12 12 1 4 Ac Ac str un 19/07/12 13 1 6 Ac str un, As cum 19/07/12 14 0 / 19/07/12 15 1 19/07/12 16 / 4 Ac 19/07/12 17 2 Ac cum Continuation of table B-2: Middle clouds, weather observations at Nam Tso Station (σ refers to the cloud fraction in octa) 38 Date Time Middle Clouds Sectors BST σ M CM lake SW NyT NE Azimuth 19/07/12 18 7 6 Ac cum Ac cum trans Ac Ac len, Ac cum Ac cum transl 19/07/12 19 7 6 Ac cum str Ac cum vir Ac cum 19/07/12 20 6 6 Ac len, Ac str vir Ac len, und, str Ac und, len, str Ac len, un, flo Ac str 19/07/12 21 8 8 Ac flo, As Ac flo, As Ac flo, As As/Ns Ac flo, As 20/07/12 8 2 8 Ac len, flo Ac fra, len Ac len 20/07/12 9 2 4 Ac Ac Ac len Ac len 20/07/12 11 2 4 Ac Ac Ac len Ac len 20/07/12 14 / 4 Ac len 20/07/12 17 / 6 Ac str Ac cum, Ac 20/07/12 20 6 7 As Ac str und Ac Ac str und, Ac 21/07/12 8 / / 21/07/12 11 8 2 As As As pre As As 21/07/12 14 6 8 Ac As Ac flo Ac str un Ac flo 21/07/12 17 2 7 Ac, As Ac vir Ac Ac flo 21/07/12 20 7 7 Ac, Ac str Ac/As pre Ac/As Ac/As und 22/07/12 7 / / Ac/As Ac/As 22/07/12 8 / / 22/07/12 9 / / 22/07/12 10 / / 22/07/12 11 / / 22/07/12 12 1 4 Ac str 22/07/12 13 1 4 Ac len Ac 22/07/12 14 1 8 Ac len, Ac flo vir 22/07/12 15 1 4 Ac len, Ac 22/07/12 16 5 7 Ac str Ac str, Ac Ac len , Ac fra 22/07/12 17 1 7 As As, Ac Ac fra 22/07/12 18 1 6 As cum As cum As cum 22/07/12 19 6 8 Ac str vir, Ac Ac str, Ac flo Ac str Ac str 22/07/12 20 7 1 As As 23/07/12 7 / / 23/07/12 8 / / 23/07/12 9 / / 23/07/12 10 / / 23/07/12 11 1 4 Ac str Ac Ac flo 23/07/12 12 1 4 Ac len Ac Ac 23/07/12 13 1 4 Ac Ac 23/07/12 14 1 4 Ac str Continuation of table B-2: Middle clouds, weather observations at Nam Tso Station (σ refers to the cloud fraction in octa) 39 Date Time Middle Clouds Sectors BST σM CM lake SW NyT NE Azimuth 23/07/12 15 1 7 Ac Ac cum 23/07/12 16 5 7 Ac Ac Ac Ac cum 23/07/12 17 / 6 Ac fra Ac str un Ac Ac cum Ac str 23/07/12 18 1 4 Ac, Ac vir Ac Ac Ac str un / 23/07/12 19 2 7 Ac flo vir,Ac str un As, Ac str un Ac str un As 23/07/12 20 / 7 Ac fra As Ac fra Ac fra 24/07/12 7 7 7 Ac str fra Ac fra, As Ac fra Ac fra Ac fra 24/07/12 8 7 Ac str fra Ac str Ac str fra Ac str, fra Ac fra 24/07/12 9 6 Ac str Ac str Ac str fra Ac str fra Ac fra 24/07/12 10 6 8 Ac str flo Ac str flo Ac str flo Ac str flo Ac str flo 24/07/12 11 2 8 Ac str flo Ac str un 24/07/12 12 / 1 Ac 24/07/12 13 6 1 As cum As As As 24/07/12 14 6 7 Ac flo vir, As Ac str un, As As As As 24/07/12 15 6 1 As As As As 24/07/12 16 7 1 As As As As As 24/07/12 17 7 7 Ac str un, As As, Ac flo vir As As As 24/07/12 18 / 7 As, Ac cum As As 24/07/12 19 6 6 As ? Ac str cum Ac str cum Ac str vir Ac str 24/07/12 20 3 6 Ac cum Ac str cum Ac str cum, Ac/As Ac len, Ac flo, Ac str cum / 25/07/12 8 / 7 Ac Ac str As 25/07/12 11 25/07/12 14 / Ac str Ac str 25/07/12 17 4 5 Ac str Ac str Ac str cum Ac str 25/07/12 20 8 As As 26/07/12 8 8 2 As As As 26/07/12 11 / / 26/07/12 14 / 5 Ac Ac str un Ac 26/07/12 17 8 7 Ac, As Ac 26/07/12 20 27/07/12 7 / 7 Ac 27/07/12 8 / 7 Ac 27/07/12 9 / / 27/07/12 10 / / 27/07/12 11 / 7 Ac str Continuation of table B-2: Middle clouds, weather observations at Nam Tso Station (σ refers to the cloud fraction in octa) 40 Date Time Middle Clouds Sectors BST σM CM lake SW NyT NE Azimuth 27/07/12 12 / 7 As, Ac Ac str 27/07/12 13 / 7 As, Ac Ac str, As As As 27/07/12 14 7 Ac, As As, Ac Ac str und Ac str un As 27/07/12 15 7 7 As As, Ac str un As As As 27/07/12 16 7 7 Ac str, As Ac str, Ac As As, Ac As 27/07/12 17 4 Ac str, Ac Ac str, Ac Ac str Ac, Ac str Ac 27/07/12 18 / 7 As Ac Ac str Ac str As 27/07/12 19 6 7 Ac str, As Ac len, str, As Ac, As Ac As, Ac 27/07/12 20 / 7 Ac vir, As Ac flo, As Ac, As Ac len, str Ac flo 27/07/12 21 7 7 Ac, As Ac, As Ac, As Ac, As Ac flo 28/07/12 7 / / 28/07/12 8 / / 28/07/12 9 / 7 As, Ac Ac 28/07/12 10 7 Ac str und, As As Ac str und Ac str und, Ac 28/07/12 11 7 7 Ac, As pre As, Ac Ac Ac 28/07/12 12 7 Ac str Ac str und Ac str Ac str Ac str 28/07/12 13 / 7 Ac, As Ac str 28/07/12 14 / Ac len 28/07/12 15 / Ac str un 28/07/12 16 / 7 Ac cum As, Ac cum 28/07/12 17 2 Ac Ac str Ac str Ac flo 28/07/12 18 1 Ac cum Ac cum Ac Ac flo 28/07/12 19 / 6 Ac str, Ac cum Ac Ac str Ac cum 28/07/12 20 4 Ac un Ac Ac str Ac str un Ac str un 3. High clouds Table B-3: High clouds, weather observations at Nam Tso Station (σ refers to the cloud fraction in octa) Date Time High Clouds Sectors BST σH CH lake SW NyT NE Azimuth 10.07.12 11 / 8 Cs 10.07.12 14 / 9 Cs Ci , Cc 10.07.12 17 3 6 Cs, Ci Cs, Cc Cc aus Cb, Ci/Cs Ci, Cs 10.07.12 20 / 0 11.07.12 8 / 0 11.07.12 11 / 0 11.07.12 14 / 1 Ci 11.07.12 17 / / 11.07.12 20 / 8 Cs Cs 12.07.12 8 / / 12.07.12 11 / 0 12.07.12 14 1 3 Ci spi cum 12.07.12 17 / 0 12.07.12 20 1 1 Ci fib Ci fib 13.07.12 8 / / 13.07.12 11 / / 13.07.12 14 / 3 Ci spis. 13.07.12 17 / 0 13.07.12 20 / / 14.07.12 8 / / 14.07.12 11 / / 14.07.12 14 1 9 Ci unc Ci fib Ci unc Ci fib Ci fib 14.07.12 17 / / Cc 14.07.12 20 / / 15.07.12 8 / / 15.07.12 11 / / 15.07.12 14 2 9 Ci fib Ci fib, Cs Ci fib Cs, Ci fib 15.07.12 17 5 3 Ci spi Ci fib Ci fib, unc Ci fib Ci fib, unc 15.07.12 20 / 1 Ci fib Ci fib 16.07.12 8 / / 16.07.12 11 / / 16.07.12 14 / / 16.07.12 17 / 1 Ci fib 16.07.12 20 / 1 Ci fib Ci fib Ci fib 17.07.12 8 5 9 Ci fib Cc str und Ci fib Ci fib Ci fib 17.07.12 9 5 9 Cc str und Ci fib Ci fib Cs, Cc str und 17.07.12 10 4 6 Cs fib Ci fib Ci fib Ci fib 17.07.12 11 3 7 Cc str und Cc str und Cc str und, Ci fib Cc str und 17.07.12 12 2 7 Cc str und Cs (duenn) 17.07.12 13 / 7 Ci fib Cc str und Ci fib Cc str und 51 Ruppert et al. Whole-air relaxed eddy accumulation for the measurement of isotope and trace-gas fluxes 05/2012 52 Foken Jahresbericht 2010-11 zum Förderprojekt 01879 - Untersuchung der Veränderung der Konzentration von Luftbeimengungen und Treibhausgasen im hohen Fichtelgebirge 2007 – 2013 12/2012 53 Gerken et al. Documentation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment, Nam Tso, Tibet, 08th of July – 08th of August 2012 03/2013