Latvių terminologijos tvarkymo principai

TERMINOLOGY IR PUBLICATIONS Principles of Latvian Terminology Management This is the title of the monograph by the well-known linguist and terminology specialist Valentina Skujina, published last year in Riga at the Institute of Latvian Language of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. In 1969, she defended her PhD dissertation on the composition of Latvian technical terminology, and she did not depart far from researching Latvian terminology and general terminology issues, while devoting a lot of time to practical work on Latvian terminology and language culture in general. Therefore, her entire three decades of activity is devoted to Latvian terminology and Latvian language culture. For many years V. Skujinia has been head of the Institute’s Terminology and Language Culture Group, and she is the scientific secretary of the Terminology Commission of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, which seems quite active from the outside. In-depth explanation of many theoretical and practical terminology issues in the author's numerous scientific publications (articles, articles, scientific reports, etc.) and extensive practical work experience summarized in the book "Latvian terminology management principles". The introduction of the monograph explains what is a term, what are the most important requirements for it, gives a look at the history of Latvian terminology and the principles of its management, and explains how this work was written. V. Skujinia says that she gained her experience by attending about 900 meetings of various terminology commissions, analyzing about 200 thousand terms from various fields discussed at those meetings or published in terminology dictionaries. In total, 31 terminology glossaries, 58 terminology bulletins and 27 other publications have been used as sources for the work. The conclusions of the work are based on this. In addition to, you can say, universally common and accepted things, the author has already said something new here. For example, when writing about the requirements for terms, she distinguishes such a requirement of mononymy as the opposite of synonymy (p. 13). It is true that the very requirement to signify the concepts 'Skujina V. Latviešu terminoloģijas izstrades principi. --Riga: Zinatne, 1993. —225 Ipp. 87 one term (principle "one concept one term") is — old, but succinctly in one word managed to express jį V. She was probably the first. The main content of the thesis is presented in three chapters: — internal language principles, principles of language relations, ir non-verbal principles. In general, the monograph is characterized by strict ir sequential planning, subsections are all named verbally. Internal languages (intralinguistic) principles (they are given the most space in the book, p. 29—127) lexical, semantic, phonological, morphological, word formation syntax, language ir relations, (interlinguistic, p. 128—184) principles of — interlingual (term borrowing), languages of closest connection ir in a regional sense, only non-verbal (extralinguistic, p. 185—197) principles are reviewed according to certain principles originally defined by the author of scientificity, scientific organization, — cooperation of specialist linguists, thermiderization, ir social life and historical information. In nų general, almost all important questions of terminology theory and ir practice are addressed in the book, some more broadly, others more narrowly. In her considerations and conclusions, Skujinia mainly relies on research into ir Latvian-Russian terminology. jų V. ir This is not difficult to understand, bearing in mind that the object of the monograph consists of terminology works carried out in Latvia over the past four decades. (from 1946 the year), but especially, as she writes herself V. In a time 1961--1990 m. when the author herself is a direct participant. jų The literature list ir 12 mentions works and publications of Lithuanian linguists (4.5% of all works mentioned in the list), these are articles by K. Gaivenis, J. Klimavičius and others, the author's abstracts of the dissertations of A. Kaulakienė, A. Sabaliauskas, A. Vanagas and others. By the way, A. Kaulakienė’s article “Sudurtiniai vertiniai lietuvių politechnikos terminologijoje” published in Lithuanian is apparently mistakenly included in the literature list in Russian. On this occasion, it is probably worth saying that the making and use of terms is one of the few issues from which V. Skujinia has distanced himself in his book (p. 130—131), of course, not counting those that were not the subject of this monograph (the usage of terms, the issues of compiling dictionaries of terms). Somewhere else in the book, a Lithuanian term or other fact appears. Unfortunately, not all of them are characteristic. For example, on p. 130, in relation to the possibility of comparing terms and their parts from different languages, the Latvian prefix or the agreement with the Russian prefix o6e3 and the Lithuanian nu-(atmatošana —o6e3znonamnBanne —nuplaukinimas, etc.) are mentioned, but such a deprecation in Lithuanian terminology has not long been considered a matter of exemplary language, 166it is stated that instead of English designer, Latvian dizainers, rusy inmsannep, Lithuanians use braižytojas in Russian equivalent time seprexmmx 88 p. ir (referred to A. Kaulakienė's dissertation, but there is a reference to the name of the device that is not available for use). In general, comparisons in other languages in the book, where su necessary, is not avoided, although ir ne to the author's aim. Its aim was to provide a synchronous internal picture of the development of the Latvian terminology itself, and this is well done. ir ir V. Skujinienė’s book is truly rich in content, giving the reader the opportunity to ir think, to discuss, to solve with the author unclear terminology issues that su have not been sufficiently studied so far, ar and sometimes to argue. ir The author is very objective everywhere, does not use empty words, is able to explain everything concisely. ir The language ir requirements of terminology science are strictly observed in the monograph. To be more obvious and understandable, some things are presented in diagrams ir (special vocabulary division, terminology ratio of the general language ir dictionary, etc.). ir Reading the book, I got the impression that Latvian terminology is quite different from ko Lithuanian terminology in terms of linguistic structure. Some Latvian terms appear to be much more complex expressions, in their language word combinations (composite terms) are easily replaced by punctuation. In many cases, such punching would be simply impossible in Lithuanian, even if, for example, the terms of terminology itself defiskoprermins “hyphenated (written with a dash) term”, hibridtermins “hybrid term”, inicialsaliktenis,santrumpa”, saliktentermins “composite term”, strupinajumsaliktenis,- sutrumpintinis žodis, abbreviation”, termina kontekstneatkariba “independence of the term from the context”, rermindarinajums “term derivative”, termindarinašana “construction of terms”, terminelements “component part of the term”, vardkoptermins “Composite term” and so on. With these tendencies, Latvian terminology will be more similar to German than to its closest relative Lithuanian terminology. And some questions of theory are understood differently in Latvian terminology. In addition to the usual ways of forming morphological words (adverbs, endings, prepositions and punctuation), V. Skujinia describes time and conversion (the transition of words or forms into another part of the language, in terminology usually called conjugation and subjugation), separation (the author calls this retrograde conjugation, which is not used at all in the creation of Lithuanian terms) and appellation (conversion of a proper name into a generic name, for example, Oms —oms “oms” and even Oms —oms “oms”). 89 Rainis — rainistika, Vatmana paper— vatman papirs ‘vatmanas’, p. 100). In Lithuanian linguistics it is unusual to seriously talk about making action names directly from nouns (bypassing the verb), while still adding a iš verb suffix, as that, for example, koks ciematavimas ir “settlement” is made of a village iš „settlement“ iš verb suffix su -adverb suffix ir - Sana (p. 84), or only the matter of grammar (adaptation), conversion of o ne borrowed words in Lithuanian linguistics would be considered the coincidence of the masculine gender of the adjective and the noun, such as in Latvian fakultativs (p. 98; in Lithuanianthese words are differently transliterated -- as fakultatyvus andfakultatyvus, but this is not considered a subject of endings). There is no doubt that the valuable book was received only by ne linguists, Latvian terminology managers in various fields, users, language culture workers, to whom the author dedicated ją ir (p. 4, 25), but the ir science of the Latvian language itself and general terminology. The more such thorough studies of the terminology of a particular language, the stronger and more scientific will be the general theory of terminology, which, be tų a set of statements of rules, seemingly artificial, imposed on languages iš from the side, most often contrary to the real life of languages, su usage requirements. When studying jų the terms, systems, language ir relations and the influence of non-verbal factors in individual languages, it jų usually becomes clear that the requirements ir and rules cannot be made absolute in any way. Terminology, like language tų itself, is a living, changing phenomenon, its change even more noticeable than that of many other ir parts of the language system, and more dependent on the voluntary activity of people. All this can be seen beautifully in the book of V. Skujienė. Thus, the pleasure of reading “The Principles of Latvian Terminology Management” turned into joy over the success of a dear colleague of neighboring terminology. The “Lithuanian Physics Collection”, the thirtieth anniversary of which was celebrated two years ago, is read by physicists and specialists in other fields of science not only in Lithuania, but also abroad. The articles are printed in Russian or English Ušpalis K. The origins of the Lithuanian Physics Collection//Fizir ikų žinios. 1991. No. 1. P. 18-19. 90