Dėl nevienareikšmiško fizikos terminų vartojimo

Kostas UŠPALIS ON NON-UNIVERSAL PHYSICS DEADLINES USE In order for a scientific term to be good and convenient to use, it must be ir unambiguous, linguistically correct, correspond as much as possible to the content of the concept, be short, sound, etc. The most important characteristic of a good term is unambiguity: one term must correspond to one concept, and each term must describe only one concept (the concept term). In contrast to the language of fiction, synonymy is not an advantage but a disadvantage in terminology. jo Obviously, to be a — good term, it is not enough to be unambiguous, it must also meet the other requirements mentioned. But if other requirements are met, and the term is ambiguous, it will be bad—it will not do its job properly and will sometimes cause confusion. On the 2 contrary, an unambiguous term, if otherwise inadequate, can easily be used without causing any confusion. However, even basic physics terms are often used ambiguously, especially if they are used in several disciplines. I will mention the ambiguous use of some basic physics terms and consider the possibilities of avoiding this ambiguity. Characteristics, an international word, often used by physicists in at least several meanings: description, characteristic value, characteristic dependence (curve), etc. This can be avoided by using a Lithuanian term that corresponds to the meaning. Characteristics — may be used only one in the most common sense characteristic curve (e.g. voltamper characteristics). Power. Should only be used in the — sense of work done per unit of time (energy change per unit of time). Materials of any device ar the term to be used to describe the characteristic of the ability geba (these du terms are distinguished in all languages- ), e.g.: absorbance, reflectance, resolution. Speed should only be used as the distance travelled per unit of time in the school defined sense since the — beginning of physics teaching. The speed of a phenomenon should be described by the o term velocity, if the phenomenon is periodic. 41 A pulse is a — time period during which a physical phenomenon su occurs, such as a force pulse, a current pulse, a light pulse, or a sound pulse. Not suitable to call the amount of motion impulse ar (mv) ar E/c). Only the change in momentum is equal to the momenttą um of the force causing the change. Concentration — of the independent component of the system (mixture, solution, alloy) the ratio of the (sand) su quantity to the total system quantity. Ji expressed in decimals. It is a non-dimensional size. Lately, in solid state physics, even in high school ir textbooks, we're starting to confuse jį ti su Particles (number) density, — number of particles per unit volume, dimensional size. | Modulus is a — physical quantity describing the deformation of the body coefficient of — proportionality between the deformation of the body (elongation, angle) ir jį deformation forces (inverse of the strain coefficient), e.g.: tensile modulus (Jungo), shear modulus, torsional modulus. When we say the modulus of force, the modulus of pressure, it should be understood that we are talking about the deformation caused by the pressure ar of that force. In physics literature (secondary school textbooks) should not be used the size of the term iš borrowed by mathematicians (algebraic, complex, vector) module instead of absolute value of the size. It should be mentioned that in other disciplines (in construction technology, electronics) the term module has other ir meanings, but they are not applicable in physics. - Wait a minute. It is the product of a physical su quantity by any degree of distance from the reference point (AR"). For example: force moment rF, momentum moment rp, electric dipole moment er, inertial moment mr? (second mass moment). It is often used in combination with time. According to the general sense of moment, it should be a product ir of the time distance tr. However, the moment of time is used in the sense of a very short period or point on the time axis. In this sense, the term is not used in physics. A short period of time should be called a moment, a point on the time axis simply time. o For example, instead of saying the initial moment, you should say the initial time, at the beginning, shot moment shot time — (instantly), instantly — instantly (abruptly). A change in — the system state. It is a soundless ir ambiguous term. The FTZ is proposed jį to be changed according to three terms: 1) 42 transformation — when the aggregate state of the system or its basic properties change, 2) leap — when the state of the system (particle) changes very suddenly (instantaneously) and without taking into account the change period, 3) junction — a small area between regions of different conductivity (in semiconductor physics). Radius. It is a very common word both in everyday speech and as a scientific term. But it is ambiguous: |) in the geometric sense it is the distance from the center, 2) in the physical sense — the radiated light (photon flow). Most of the time, these meanings are easily distinguished from the text. But sometimes it is also inconvenient when the radius is used in both senses in the same sentence. For example: : Small-radius stars (dwarfs) emit more shorter rays than large-radius stars (giants) or when an electron jumps between orbits closer to the nucleus, shorter rays are emitted. Of course, here ambiguities can be avoided by replacing the radius in geometry with another word, instead of o "shorter rays" in the physical sense of saying "shorter wavelength light". But it would still be better if instead of the geometry radius we had another term, for example, the radius, as was once proposed. Structure. This international term is often used by physicists in two senses: a certain 1) object of study (object) — product, sample, 2) method of making the object of study — structure. In order to avoid ambiguity, let's use the Lithuanian terms in a constructed form. ir Iš The presented examples show that the same term often refers to quite different, unequal dimensions, mi e.g.: speed speed, power capacity, concentration density, time moment moment of a ir physical quantity. ir ir ir These are the simplest examples of ambiguous use of terms. Many more ambiguities arise when describing more complex concepts in narrower fields, especially when borrowing from other languages. ar iš Į ambiguous use of terms should pay more attention to textbooks (especially secondary school) authors and ir translators, consult more often with su terminology specialists, — physicists and linguists. 43