Psichologijos žodynas

us conducted lesson, conducted lesson in the following meaning: “When we say "teacher is teaching a lesson", we mean the process, "taught a lesson" means he did — not finish it, "finished a lesson" o means he finished it — ją ir (p. 18). However, the verb perform is not necessarily su related to the conduct ir of the lesson, — it can mean learning, e.g.: doing ir homework, tasks. Then maybe "made the lesson" could be understood as ir "was in vo lessons", "learned lessons". In conclusion, it should be said that these remarks have in no way diminished the dictionary's scientific value. na ir This publication encourages interest in ir further developing pedagogy ir jo Lithuanian terminology. Nijolė The appearance of each new dictionary of terms is a significant event both for the field of psychology and for terminology in general. ir All the more so, if the dictionary is the first, because it can determine the terminology of the field, it also shows the orientation of the science itself and at o least some further ir development. jo Psychology began to be interested in ir its terms created even before the war In Lithuania. St. In the dictionaries of philosophy and pedagogy compiled by Šalkauskas (the latter, however, was never published at the time) we can also find quite a lot of psychological terms (feeling, consciousness, etc.). Later, psychology was not forgotten either: printed articles, books (although there were perhaps not enough of them), in which, of course, it was not possible to do without the terms of that field. However, the first dictionary appeared only in 1993. It is published by the Science and Encyclopedias Publishing House "Psychology Dictionary". According to the authors of the dictionary, it is intended for psychologists and specialists in other fields, as well as for people interested in psychology for self-education purposes. For this reason, the dictionary should be prepared with great care. Not much! Dictionary of Psychology. New York: Science and Encyclopaedia, 1993. 368 p. 102 20% of specialists in other fields buy and read dictionaries of physics or mathematics terms, and knowledge of psychology and its terms are needed by almost all representatives of social or humanities sciences, so the effect of the dictionary on public language will be greater in any case. The volume of the "Psychology Dictionary" is not large (368 pages), but it is quite enough for a start. The polygraphic quality is not to be criticized too much (especially if we compare it with other dictionaries published recently). The format is small, but convenient for the reader. The editors of the dictionary relied on the published in Russian language "Brief Dictionary of Psychology" (Kpatkuii ncuxonoruueckui cJioBapb/ [Tos ob1ueii penakuueii A.B. [Tetposckoro u Sipontesckoro. M., material 1985), presented by Lithuanian scientist. Beside the Lithuanian secondary terms, Russian and English equivalents are presented, and at the end of the dictionary — indexes of these language terms and short biographies of prominent psychologists. One could doubt that only ar Russian English equivalenir ts are sufficient. If it was not possible to provide French equivalents, at least German ones were necessary. After all, many famous psychologists were Germans or Austrians. Be that, having ne two, more o language equivalents, the editors could decide more easily, the ar jų proposed term is widespread in other ir languages (in this case, too, the German language could help a lot). One of the criticisms to the authors is that there ir are practically no instructions on how to use the dictionary. According to the psychologists themselves, the reader has to use the method of trial and ir error (see section 4.4). p. 166 inserted article trial and error method). It is not ir clear which terms are recommended to use, which may be presented only as existing or there are those that are used, but which can be o replaced with much better ones? ). (o ir Ar are used but unpresentable words? For this reason, it is somewhat more difficult to study the vocabulary ir seriously šį enough, so it is only possible to say what, when browsing, willy-nilly už stands in jį the way of the eye. Probably there is no field of science that can (and would like) to translate internationbe al (or at least considered international) terms. Many scholars consider the sign as simply an essential šį element of scientific language, but to understand such a language, in which Lithuanian often consists only of conjunctions, the reader or listener does not always succeed. And what does "Psychology 103 Dictionary" offer? After all, often in the language ja ir ir iš a word from another language. Kuris iš jų proposed for use, and which is presented as its synonym? It should be said that in most cases the dictionary editors provide Lithuanian terms, e.g.: abiūkė regėjimas (its synonym — binocular vision), abiūsė klausa (binaural hearing), aklūjų rastas (relief font), atgaminimas (reproduction), atkūrimas (reconstruction), budrūmas (vigilance), dalykinis žaidimas (professional game), darbo psicholėzija (industrial psychology), greitasis miegas (paradoxical sleep), obsessive states (obsessions, anacisms), suggestion (gesture), mutisme (mutism), nervous system equilibrium (balance of nervous processes), basic anxiety, finger language (dactyl language- ), self-expression (self-actualization, self-realization), suicide, awareness (perception), short-term memory (working memory), imagination (fantasy), avoidance (escapism) ir etc. A few fewer cases when a term from another language is suggested, e.g. autoconception iš (I image, self-image), egoism (selfishness), expectation (waiting), epilepsy (judgment), ethnopsychology (psychology of the people), frigidity (sexual coldness), gestaltus (universe), the ideal Aš (preferred I), incest (incest), instinct (insight), intellect (mind), counter-transfer (counter-transfer), oligophrenia (mental retardation, dementia), personification (personification), retroactive suppression (reversible suppression), selectivity (selectivity), sensory processes (sensory processes), zoopsychology (animal psychology) etc. ir Some of the examples presented are mixed in terms of origin, so it would be more logical to talk about the whole term, only about the ne choice of the spot. 0 Sometimes hybrids are jo made for the sake of the cause. be For example, a pilot study (synonymous with a search experiment). If you need to have different versions, du maybe it would be better to have at least one Lithuanian version. The interchangeable elements of these terms are (would be a search study pilot ir experiment). It is difficult to say, the ar use of terms of non-Lithuanian origin is always sufficiently motivated. The fact that the same word is used in Russian and English ir cannot yet 104 be ir considered a sufficiently serious argument: after all, it is these languages that penetrate the most unnecessary foreign iš words. You should definiteir į ly look at other languages. It is strange that the dictionary editors, when they themselves provide a Lithuanian term, prefer to iš choose a native of other ir languages even when Lithuanian is much shorter or at least ar more comfortable to pronounce. After all, the shortness mą ir of the termconvenience many terminology considers quite an important requirementmu ar at least a desirable thing. Among the examples presented there are few cases where the Lithuanian term is shorter (self-image, selectivity, opinion, reversible to repressive, insight, mind, sensory processes, waiting, personalization). More comfortable and more understandable would be the terms incest, dementia. ir The dictionary presents a short and seemingly quite accurate equivalent of the German term gestaltas totality. However, it is not clear why the šį Lithuanian word is so afraid to be shown: it is not presented as a synonym for the word geštaltas, only o recorded separately su į šį a word. Of course, gesture, being a part ir of many compound terms, is used very widely, but perhaps clarity would outweigh the brevity of the Lithuanian term? ir It cannot be said that the dictionary makes excessive use of international words. However, in many places the easiest way has been taken: the word ticsiog aplietuvinamas is presented as a term, without even ir trying to find a suitable Lithuanian word. Of course, linguists alone will not create new, really ir suitable terms in psychology. It is necessary for ir psychologists to think themselves. Anyway, one ar more suggestion can be made: ambidekstria 1) (equal control of both hands, left and right) could be called ir abiracky or rovnaky (plg. kairiarankysté). All the more so that in Russian ir English are presented ne only ambidextry, but other ir terms (Russian). deynpaeopykocms, angl. two-handedness); 2) assisting is not very appropriate, because the word itself is an ambiguous being an assistant; (1. making love). 2. It would be best to šį replace the word with Lithuanian as ir a term to use meilinimasis. Since this word is often used as a verb, the term to make love would be even shorter to assist. ir už Also flexibility (Russian). 2u6Kocmb, angl. flexibility) could be called flexibility, causal (attribution, scheme) causal, contaminat- — ion confusion, cooperation — —cooperation, 105 longitudinal study continuous — continuous ar study, succession (antagonism of simultaneity) sequence sequence, — validation ar (experimental ir psychological measurement quality criterion reliability, — jų adequacy) suitability. — Be these observations, one can mention a ir certain lack of consistency. Without į delving into the problems ar jų of consistency of the systematic use of terms, it would be enough to say that the editors of the dictionary cannot decide, USSR ar psychologists still exist, no. ar Same A. Luria onewhere called USSR psychologio st, elsewhere (in one case even on the same page) — Russian psychologist. However, such inequalities are very easily corrected. It is to be assumed that the editors of the dictionary, preparing its new editions, will correct a lot of things, including the above-mentioned inequalities. Perhaps the creation of Lithuanian terminology will be taken more seriously. All the more so because, as can be seen from the examples given, Lithuanian terms are often both clearer and shorter. After all, psychologists obviously want as many people as possible to understand them and read their works. Birutė LENKTYTĖ HOW NOT TO PREPARE DICTIONARIES A lot of different dictionaries, especially dictionaries, are now published. Looking at the figures, one could scream with admiration both for the scale of the work and for such a large group of dictionaries, dictionaries editors and publishers. After all, it has been known since ancient iš times that the most difficult of all language works is to write dictionaries. O tick many working! What a great linguistic flight, just a flight! A real golden age of vocabulary. Let's go, let's go... Using one of ne the new three fruits of our dictionary, it is quite quickly disappointed that many editors publishers too easily hope to enrich — Lithuanian lexicography. ir I am afraid of the urgency of work, the extraordinary preparation of ir collection, just nothing. Ne one editor-pubir lisher seems to have no nė idea how dictionaries are written as permitted. ri ir One of the most iš important, fruitful and ir authoritative fields of Lithuanian language work is being transformed into a lexicographic business, a kind of Gariūnas of linguistics. Mat į first place 106