Kai kurių žuvų pavadinimai

VARIETIES Kazimieras GAIVENIS KAI OF WHICH FISH DESIGNATIONS Maybe ir we'll catch the goldfish Po of all the disastroir us wars. A. About 21 thousand species of fish live in the seas, rivers and lakes of the world. Į one person jų does not pay any attention, because they are tiny (1-2 cm) and unsightly. He is afraid of others like fire, knowing that their sharp teeth can fatally injure a swimmer who has otherwise entered the water. The color and shape of terts attracts the ar eye, so a į person keeps them in aquariums, admires them. ko The fourth — one catches, salts, freezes and puts in the pan. Thus, the relationship of people with fish since ancient times has been uneven. In Lithuanian freshwater live about species of fish, in the Baltic Sea, near 60 o On the coast of — Lithuania, more 30 about the species. Most of the species are sų native, some are imported and acclimatized. The oldest Lithuanian names of fish are old Indo-European words, e.g.: erškėtas, ešerys, karšis, lašiša, pike, lynas, mėnkė, plėkšnė, eel, vėgėlė etc. ir A characteristic feature of our fish is synonymy. — Popular fish are called by at least a few names, for example: (Gobio gobio) — kilbūkas, zablys, gūirė, gramzdė, kriaunys; kūoja (Rutilus rutilus) — manure, brush; Plough (Blicca bjoerkna) grey-leav- — ed, ploughshare, ykoot; Rubella (Scardinius erythropthalmus) — red-winged, red-tailed, white-tailed, etc. ir Since some fish are very similar to each other, it į ir jų names are confused by many. For example, the black-tailed chard (Coregonus albula) is very similar to the į (Coregonus lavaretus). Be of this, the latter fish very varied. Ichthyologists say that There are at least some species 4 living in Lithuanian waters, e.g. : Baltic Sycamore, Lake Sycamore, etc. ir The greatest sycamore 1985 m. was caught Tau86 horn. He weighed 4.2 kg, was 76 cm long and 14 years old." L. Ivinskis referred to the salmon as salvė, and the “Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian Language” (1993) says that the word salvis is incorrectly referred to at least fish: upčtakis, sykas, kiršlys salatis. 4 ir Meanwhile, Prof. T. Ivanauskas used the words salava, sėlava to refer to stintas. The name of the fish is quite confusing. Only experts can decipher them. Another characteristic feature of fish names is that we, Lithuanians, have made from fish names appropriate iš verbs meaning catching, e.g.: aukšlidūuti, lvdekduti, stintinėti, Sapalduti (shapalinėti) etc. jų ir Some of the other languages that we know better do not have this function. For example, although in English conversion is very common (plg. the fish ‘fish’ ir to fish “fishing"), but the English would not say burbot to “veégélautio ”, say catch burbots. Even our ir neighbors Latvians cannot say “vegeliauti”, they say kert o vėdzeles. We also have relatively few fish Lithuanian surnames, e.g. : Lydys, Lydeka, Lydekditis, Lidekduskis, Lidekūvičius; Vėgėlė (and Vegelavicius); Karosas, Šapalas; Sage (and Salvia); Kuoja. Interestingly, there is no Lithuanian surname Ešerys (at least “Lithuanian surname dictionary" we do not find it), although these fish They are among the most popular in Lithuania. Stingrays (Osmerus eperlanus L.), prof. V. In Urbutis’s words, the coasts of the Curonian Lagoon were once the main livelihood of thousands of people, especially the poor*. Everyone went to catch stints in the spring. Poets E. Matuzevičius writes about stints drawing as follows: Such a habit will not — change anything, Ir no matter whether ar wind, rain: You'll go į fishing for the first time in spring. That will keep you healthy all year long.’ 'Virbickas J. Lietuvos žuvys. V., 1986, P. 34. *Urbutis V. Ethnologue Ethnologue. V., 1991. P. 175. "Matuzevičius E. Selected Writings. V., 1987. T. 1. P. 136. 87 The word stinta — Germanism, o for eastern users the word stinta Polonism. — Lake stints, which zoologists call lake stints (Osmerus eperlanus relicta), smell crazy delicious. The people of Labanor say m. that the smell is similar to freshly pickled cucumbers. jų į The North Sea magnates don't smell. Po war for some time they were called Russian (actually Finnish) — word moiva. They are now known as the "Stintene- ". In the big “Lithuanian language dictionary” next to the word seliava iš A. Yushka's dictionary has the following sentence: “The seed is su white to the eye, o pointed —with red." So what kind of red-headed seliavas relative he was talking about A. Yushka? Iš to The dictionary itself shows that the word smaila refers to two fish: ir aukšlė gružlys. Unfortunately, one of the eyes is jų not red. Thus, I doubt that the word “spike” ar was not used to refer to a third fish, the redfish, or the stingray (Scardinius erythrophtalmus ir — L.). Her eyes actually iš have a red spot in the upper part. In fact, the red still stingrayir s, or snails (Rutilus rutilus L.), eyes. By the way, the word tick (:screaming “angry”) to name this fish probably also used because of its red eyes. nų There are cases where fry is called in different words than adult fish. For example, the word nėgė is — Germanism. Prof. V. In the words of Urbutis, “Lithuanians will have received the šį name rather probably through the Curonian — Latvian language"*. Systematic iš terminologyword is relatively recent. je J. Alison hadn't used this word yet, he called the spoken fish the word seventh (for on her head are seven pairs of cheeks, like dots). į The first term used in systematic fishing was the word nėgė. T. Ivanauskas. River walking (Lampetra fluviatilis L.) by the word nine called A. Juška ir E. Kuršaitis. Apparently, the choice of the number "nine" in this case is motivated only in a figurative sense, namely: nine — ‘many’ (plg. the name of the bird nine-vowel — Sylvia). The name is derived from the word for dust, dust (gr. ir The motivation of these compound words shows that fish like to dig the bottom of the river. į Word “Urbutis V. Ibid. P. 153. 88 winding iš actually means a snake, but ne the metamorphosis did not pass the individual“, sj (Lampetra planeri) can even spawn. They are bloodthirsty, — bloodthirsty fish. Here ką 's what a zoologist wrote about them. J. Allison: “The minted seven-eye is usually two-legged or, if you are lucky enough to catch it, it is the body of live fish. ir Do not ko ir separate various aquatic animals, e.g. ir worms, etc. After į catching an aquatic animal, the seven-toed firstly gnaws the skin with its horned teeth, and then begins, like a true parasite, to jo suck with its o tongue all the heavy flesh of its master's body. iš jo ir Fishermen are sometimes very troubled by the seven-toed, because after attacking the jų nets they are able to damage them overnight, in other words, eat the fish caught in the nets? '$, Old Lithuanian fish names are mostly į enriched words. — ne New names (perhaps by analogy) are already very often made by the second sandu fish su (-fish), e.g. bisonfish (Ictiobus apprinellus), catfish (Ictalarus punctatus), sunfish (Lencaspius delineatus), oilfish (Pholis gunellus L.), windfish (Belone belone L.), wolffish (Anarchichas lupus L.) ir kt Iš “Household encyclopedias” (V., you 1987) could also add blackfish (a large fish, sometimes weighing up to 10 kg ir caught in the northern Far East in the eastern seas), porpoise (a small but delicious fish fished in the Hawaiian parrotfiir sh (very tasty fish caught by Coast of Cuba). All such names are possible, but this method of making should not be much expanded. These names are poor in terms of systematics because they contradict the requirements of international nomenclature codes. Be therefore, when creating new species, primitive values should be avoided, e.g.: pike whitehead (Champsocephalus esox), plg rusy wyuva Genopoeka. J ą should be called something else (e.g., common stingray). "Percottus ir glehni" (PDF). Russian ?203106ewxa. J call could be adapted to the highest (Aspergillus) name, a ai fungi class of mold fungus i.e. cattle. Thus the species name could be *Urbutis V. Idem. P. 153, *Elisonas J. Zoology for Higher Schools. K., 1925. P. 386. 89 would be the common cattle. The spelling of some fish names often varies. Even in very nicely published books sometimes the names are written incorrectly, e.g.: skersnukis (=skerssnukis), strimėlė (=strimelé)’, etc. In the “Household Encyclopedia” (1987) we find other inappropriate names, e.g.: ¢avia (= Pacific salmon), saida (= ice cod), vobla (= Caspian cod), etc. ir Piranha (Roosoveltiella nattereri) is probably the most terrifying of all exotic fish. It is often referred to as the American salmon carp by zoologists. In addition to the word pirania, the non-normative form piraja is sometimes used. These fish live in the Amazon basin. Your pleasure is indescribable. One fisherman wrote: “Once, when we were crossing the river in a boat, we shot a wild boar that was also crossing the river next to us. The Indian, sitting at the helm, tied the wild boar to the boat, and we dragged it to shore, intended to make a feast for ourselves. But our dreams were not destined to come true: a large flock of piraj (= piranias — K.G.), feeling the blood, immediately attacked the boar and rushed at it. Instantly the water stirred from the sudden movements of these devil-like creatures, scraping the boar piece by piece. When we reached the other shore, there was little left of the wild boar."* The word piranha is derived from the Portuguese word piranha, which comes from the Tupi language. Prof. T. Ivanauskas, describing the expedition to Brazil, wrote that they caught piranhas in the lake Piri-Piri, which in the language of the local Indian tribe means "fish, fish". It is possible that the word pirania is derived from the word Zuvj. Interesting and beautiful aquarium fishes: all the colors of the rainbow ZaiZaruojantys humpbacks, phlegmatic bushes, Zvalia and agile pecilia, big-eyed cousins of silver caros telescopes, pink swordtails, moustache bottom-grabbing shamouses, colorful petals, black graceful molinazia, flat scalers and others. Almost all of these fishes have non-Lithuanian names. It is also irregular. For example, swordfish (Hiphophorus) aquarists often "Virbickas J. Ibid. P. 19,57. * By continents and countries. K., 1979. P. 17-18. "Ivanauskas T. Three months In Brazil. V., 1960. P. 112. 90 niau called sword bearers, because the males of these fish have a tail growth, į similar to a sword. The latter word is the value of Latin. iš Į the word kardonešis similar values for plant systematic terminology once tried to create J. Emphasis, but later they were all replaced by other terms. For some warm-water fishes, also grown in aquariums, together with specialists we have created several Lithuanian names, e.g.: su gray pike (Ctenolucius hujeta ir insculpatus), green spinner (Labeo frenatus), common spotted pike (Chilodus punctatus) etc. ir However, this is only the beginning of the work. Many aquarium fishes do not have proper Lithuanian names yet. Be in addition, the names of marine fishes must also be adjusted. 91