M. Daukšos „Katekizmui“ – 400 metų

ECHOES OF THE PAST M. QUANTITIES "The Catechism" — 400 YEAR Lithuanian writing in the period of its formation, almost half a century later po M. Mažvydo "Catechism", appeared Jakobas Ledesma ‘Catechism Or Mokslas kiekwienam krikszezionii priwalus... Ižguldita iz Liežuwio Lankiszko... by Kuniga Mikaloiu Dauksza Canonics Zemaicziu". This first Lithuanian Catholic publication was printed in Vilnius 1595 m. at the Jesuit printing house (printing house not specified). This catechism was printed in a small number of copies, because the same M. A lot of your own 1599 m. "Postilas" in the jo conversatir ion nemini says postila wants to give “start the ir call to love the language of the parents". One part of the Catechism consists of ‘Trumpas Buddhas Booking or Recognition Nudemium Drin who tu often worries about that Sacrament". Ši part is particularly interesting in that it contains the first two known Lithuanian Catholic hymns: “Prayer S. Tamosziaus izg Aguino" ir “Salve Regina (Sweeka Kralyczia)!". This catechism — is the first Lithuanian book In the large Lietuvos In the Duchy. At that time, the system of Lithuanian written language was dominated by the church jo style, based on writings of religious content. M. The catechism of Daukša is interesting for terminologists because it contains a lot of religious and related vocabulary. Here are some quotes about M. Daukšos catechism from the works of Lithuanian scholars. Much more often than the first writers of Lesser Lithuania, M. Daukša used Lithuanian words in his translations, either collected from the living language of the time or adapted in his own way to translate foreign words. <...> Special novels, composed by him or from elsewhere (Biržiška V. History of Old Lithuanian Books. Chicago, 1953. D. 1. P. 168-169. 53 taken, he consumes much less. Skardžius Ms. Lithuanian language word formation. V., 1943. P. 590-591. The lack of terms and new words was very great, and Daukša was looking for Lithuanian equivalents. Some things are named by several words, e.g.: savior, savior savior; po puffiness and swelling; Sin, transgression, guilt, transgression ir and debt; nomination and sensation; humiliation, humiliation and humiliation; heavyweighting and reinforcement; assistance, allowance and assistance; custom and connection; drowning, condemnation, fall, and destruction; knowledge and understanding, etc. This hindered the stabilization of literary vocabulary, but at the beginning of Lithuanian literature, lexical variation was an inevitable thing" Kruopas J. Lexical parallelisms in the language of Daukšos catechism//Kn. : A History of the English Language.V., 1960. T. 3. P. 243. The abundant and varied lexical parallelisms in the DK show the author’s great creative efforts to translate the Ledesma Catechism from Polish as accurately, comprehensibly and in the most Lithuanian way possible and to make it accessible to the widest possible circle of Lithuanian-speaking readers in popular, oral language. For this purpose, the rich and inexhaustible treasures of the folk language vocabulary are widely used. Many old Lithuanian words are reinterpretated to give them a naurelic content. ją For example, a new meaning in Catholic DK acquires god, heaven, guilt, sin, hell, soul, holy, lord other words. ir This enabled To avoid unnecessary borrowings, used by careless translators or appeared later, with the increasing influence of polonization through the church, manors in other ways, in jargon ir religious writings (e.g., griekas, pekla, dūšia, ponas, viera, vieryti etc.). ir Daukša boldly took into literary į language the words of the folk spoken language, in many places giving them figurative, more abstract meanings, thus enriching the 54 semantics of the lexicon of literary ir language. To express new religious various abstract concepts ir Daukša created many novelties, which significantly increased DK Number of internal parallelisms. Some Renovation of the dam (e.g., doubt, inspiration, humiliation, compulsory, condemnation, understanding) successfully established themselves in ir literary language. Idem. P. 253-254. A lot of similaritisu es in later M. The works of Mažvydas ir B. Vilento ‘Enchiridion’ contains ir M. Daukšos “Believe” in the text (DK 23,-24,— VE 14-17), but much more differenir ces. M. Daukša removed foreign words, searched for Lithuanian equivalents: poną changed into señorpatį, — paną merga, Ponską Pilot — Pontiškiu Pilot, hell hell, — greek sins, live — serpent, etc. — ir The text of the Decalogue differs even more (in the Protestant one there are many foreign words, non-Lithuanian constructions). ir į It should be noted that M. The translation of the Decalogue by Daukša ir differs significantly from the Polish original, which is much shorter and more concise. It is characteristic that the donkey mentioned in the tenth commandment next to the ox M. Daukša replaces a horse (DK 74,). We find similaritine es only in the Potter text, but ir elsewhere. M. He needed a lot of terms, words for new concepts and, of course, he could use Protestant works, created innovations, if they seemed appropriate jų to him acceptable. ir Such common words, termsfonų rm a considerable number. But to shed light on this difficult question, to establish — the true ką iš M. Daukša took Lithuanian iš Protestant writers in need of special — investigation. It is clear that he invented and introduced much more words into the literary language than his predecessoir rs. Lebedys į jų J. Mikalojus Daukša. V., 1963. P. 213. M. Daukša introduced a number of important words necessary for cultural life. He took many of jų the living language, iš giving it new content, reinterpretating it. Others he created himself, others were taken over by previous iš 55 writers (for example, a teacher, a reader) helped them ir to establish themselves. It is not easy at the moment to determine ir what really M. A lot created. It goes without saying that only some of the jo newcomers settled in. For example, did not live prabilis pronoun, — talk, squeezed (used already M. (Little — Printed. J. Kruopas claims that these words, firmly established in literary language, are M. Many novelties: doubt, inspiration, humiliation, compulsory, condemnation, understanding. Be no doubt, there are jo quite a lot tų of such innovations. Without going deeper į šį the question ir without trying to ar determine, it itself M. The following is a list of ar words and iš phrases used in the English language to refer to the following subjects: — Psychology Psychiatry Psychiatry (also sight), hearing, tasting, smelling, touching (also touching), names of psychic powers, processes, feelings, mood characteristics: wisdom (=thinking), remembrance (=memory), will, knowledge (=knowledge), love, joy, patience, goodness (goodness), gentleness, gentleness, (= etc. ir To make it clearer, what significance had the formation of literary language M. Translation of Daukša, mention at least some more words from different fields: autuvas, alga, buta (flat), worker, being, beggar, doctor, lover, servant, deputy. Idem. P. 219-220. Su with the aim of pleasing representatives of different dialects, as much as possible to the greatest ir area in the effort to ir create a literary language related characteristic M. The catechism of Daukša is — characterized by the richness of the lexicon, which is manifested in abundant synonyms, parallel use of different words of different dialects, elimination of foreign words, creation of new words. į The use of lexical parallelisms is most striking. M. Daukša puts them next to each other, connecting them with hyphens or, connecting Words that is, also ir writes in the margins. Be that parallelism mų occurs in ir different places in the text. No previous or subsequent Lithuanian me ir publication, except M. There is no such thing as a parallelism in this case. ir Idem. P. 214, 56 M. Daukša has made a great contribution as the creator of literary language, enriching its vocabulary by introducing numerous words from the living language, partly redefining them, adapting them to new, abstract concepts, and creating new ones, some of which are still used today. <...> The richness of vocabulary, abundance of synonyms, literary style ir iš The beginnings of fictional prose are a — constant, long-lasting value in M. Daukšos literary legacy. Other writers relied on it, even a couple of centuries later, in developing and enriching the literary language ir impoverished during the decline period. ir Idem. P. 359. In M. Daukša’s 1595 catechism, out of 1670 borrowed words, there are —220, i.e. about 13%. <...> As can be seen from the iš statistical data already presented, the least borrowed to words were used by the authors of contemporary Catholic writings, especially M. Daukša ir K. He was very concerned about the purity of the language. ir Palionis J. History of the Lithuanian literary language. V., 1979. P. 79-80. Ne only translated by necessity, but in ir order to purify and diversify the language, new ones were created M. Daukša. In order to make the language of his translations more varied, more verbal, he sometimes even caught new words alongside his own folk words. For example, next to the prisoner he formed a link (wiežn), near the structu- — re of a ledge (umowa), next to the local's — place Mr. ir Anyway iš other M. A number of new words are mentionable: arskaluonis “a descalf”, būstimas “being, substance”, juodaknygis “sorcerer”, malonéSirdus “merciful”, pirmamZinumas “amzZinumas (przedwiecznosé)”, svetimvyre “loving strange men”, wrmoteris "a married man (matzonek)”, universalization “universality”... Idem. P. 77. Prepared by Jolanta GAIVENYTĖ 57