J. Kruopas – nuoseklios ir kryptingos fizikos terminijos tvarkybos šalininkas

PRAEITIES AIDAI Angel KAULAKIENĖ Lithuanian Language Institute, Vilnius J. KRUOPAS - THE COLLECTOR OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY OF PHYSICS The current physics terminology iš is one of the best organized in Lithuania. There be are, of course, many reasons for this. However, perhaps the most important was the ir consistent and targeted organization of the terminology by the physicists themselves, with the help of linguists. Manifestations of such directional physics thermology management can be detected I. In Končius' textbook, which he wrote (from 1916 m. of January 28 d. to 1919 m. December)' 23 teaching in Estonia, after Palanga Girls' Gymnasium moved į Vero City. While writing the textbook, he corresponded with many su individuals whose initials are only mentioned G. D., G. G, R. S., R. P, so it is difficult to determine who the letters are intended for. Apparently, most jų write Members of the Teachers' Union. L. In the book ‘Ignas Končius ir jo "Speech of the Lord" (V., 1992)? guesses that R. P. perhaps a physicist, because he was given such I. The Letter of Connie. “Look, maybe my writing is not suitable for anyone, then I will not scratch books, cut pictures, aš or do paperwork. Just pages will be above 400“. The sequence of iš correspondence is partly discussed by ir himself I. Končius in the article "Terms of Physics"*. Editor A. Zviron's commentary to this article clarifies the stages of writing the "Physics" textbook, some terminological issues. It states that: “for the definition of physics terms, a “Language Commission” was formed in Voronezh, headed by K. Booga. [...] while writing Physics, the author [I. Končius] collected territory- * Ignas Contius. Index of literature. Compiled by E.Makariūnienė. V., 1990. 142 p. *Dzigaitė L. Ignas Končius ir jo "Speech of the Lord". V., 1992. P. 21-22. * Končius I. Physics: Physics textbook for secondary schools: [Manuscript] // VU BR.F1.F1039. P.70. The text presented is authentic. *End Ig. Terms of physics // Nature. 1938. No.3. P. 258-260. 93 minus ir sent them "Language Commission" or simply K. The person who approved, corrected or added new terms ‘worked’”. As specified by I. Končius, į 158 asked words received 101 word K. Handwritten explanations by Bogus. "My dear! Physical su terms are very difficult to define for a non-physicist. My remarks Healthy will give only a little material. I have to say that I'm a very iš poor blacksmith. For Jablonski, the forging work is already underway. In a healthy physics textbook, I would like to find Žemaičių nails. The more Žemaitija you write, the more humane it will be. Daukantas shows that it is possible to write books of all sciences in Žemaičių kalba. Terms lay with me about days, as they reached me while I was 10 sick. Have a good day! Kaz. "Buga". All I. Končiaus question words, word combinatar ions sentences su K. Boogs proposed equivalents, explanations ir in the aforementioned letter are protected Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. " ir They constitute a ir du lists. The first, named "Physics- ", includes a hundred I. Končius would ask about the vocabulary in the physics textbook. In it, in be terms of physics, there are a number of sentences ar jų fragments resulting in I. Cončius was in doubt. Therefore, the jų majority of the kė ir in ir Lithuanian, Russian. All asked words sentencar es I. Counts numbered. The next list is called "Physical terms". On one side of the page I. Končiaus terms, o other — K. Booga equivalents, most of which are interspersed, ir explanations. This is what the list looks like. Terms of physics I. Končius K. Būga IUIOTHOCTD {density, turbidity, stiffness (water) {exertion?) porridge, softness of porridge (putra blandi,, JUIOTHBII {apparently, the stiffness of the porridge, is only said? 5 A.Z. Editor's Note // Idem. P.260. The text presented is authentic. ‘Končius Ig. Terms of physics // Nature. 1938. No.3. P. 258-260. ' Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. ir F12, ap.1742. 94 OTHOINIEHIE ABYX UHCEJIb OTHOCHTCS Kb YETBIPEMb KaKb Kb IISITH IIpOCTpaHCTBO HCIIDOMOKAaeMOCTb 3IaHie IBJIBINA, CBJIOC YMCIIO IpoOHOE YMCIIO TSDKECTb, CUA TSDKECTH Ipy3b dedicated or difference SUBSECTIONS IIOKOM JIBUXEHIE aOCOTIOTHBIN OTHOCUTEJIbHBIN OYKBaJIbHBIN PaBHOMBPHBIN IIPSAMOJIMHEUHBIN THJIO JIBUXETCS IIpS1MOJIHHEMHO H PAaBHOMBPHO TOHKAsl CTEKIISHHASI HWIAHApHAYECWhat: TpyOKa of two numbers (meeting) ratio eight meets four, as ten meets five, area cavity (space) impermeability, impermeabilization {nepérspasimas,HETIPOMOKaeMBIii“ > impermeability huts (Bopens, duck Eastern Lietuviškai je „rūmai“ plurale tantum) integer (entire, iInteger in other instances) collapsed number = 1po6p = pieces [pl. so.?] gravity, gravity force load, Os, load directed differenar ce (in Dutch) „bė skyros“) wire, os, vičlą peace, calm, calmness (immobility) immobility squatting (movement, rotation) {most suitable, seems, will ‘cushing’ {cf. su-kūšti (su-kūšo) fkusėti, kusinti absolute relative (meaning of the letter 6yKB. cMacJI5, meaning of the letter taking) equal, -i, even, one-break (uniform, single-layered) Eastern Straight, (cf. -i go straight- ), straight line (instrument. s.g.) body(s) {turns in a ir straight line {kusa (uniform) {tube {vamzdélis laiba (thin) glass, in cylindrical tube (Vamzdélis) 95 IOIOXeHiIEe H Pa3CTOsIHie OT HeINOJĮBHXHAaIoO TbJIa BpeMA, Bb TeJYEHIC KOTOPOTO IIpOMJIEHb IIYyTb oOpaTHBIN cJIyuaž IIPEISITCTBIE TpeHie (IP address) MIT HOBEHHbIK4 HEIIPEPBIBHBIN HE3aBUCUMOCTh IBHUCTBIA IIPOTUBOABCTBIE OKPYXHOCTh KpyTrb IIDOTHBOIIOJIOXHbIK HarIpaBJIeHie PaBHOIBUCTBYIOIIIN pPaBHOABICTBYIOIIAS JIBYX CWIb TOYKA, TOYKA ONODpbI COCTaBJISIOIIINA pa3HOCTb 06paTHO-IIpONOpINHOHAJIbHbIH IIpsIMO-IIpOIODpIHOHAaJIbHEIH - I'm sorry, I'm sorry. "IIpOINOpH1OHAaJIEHb BPEMEHU 96 (place (distances {nejud3s, unrotation fatstogúm (body {time elapsed} {tas chelias : (so kélio fo6parno back to the opposite occurrence? barrier (object į of the object, į body of the body) erased (MrHoBexie eyes suddenly, —-1 flash (acute, adv. acutely) unrelenting, bė endless, from the object ein3s, permanent? mismatch of action (inappropriate) action in front? ? Ratan? ? stirrup, -men, stirrup (which is O= the middle, which is defined) flying around the circle {apirate, makes apirate (wrinkle), pick (German) = (lit.) lankasO {(cf. rat-lankis) = skritas (cf. last name Skri[t]-daila) = circle on the other end, opposite? The opposite? (pulp) (thoughts, earth) pile inclination, inclination (do you have a link?) (that bladder where (link) wind blows like men, -na? ? (pimple (bottom pimple), {point of support (point of appearance) daras {withdrawal time (body, -mens, bodymen??) {shift, difference; inequality in direct proportion? (tools etc.) the past kélias is measured by the direct proportion of time KOJIMYECTBO pa6004HXb 0Opatho-MPONOPILIOHATATLHO BPEMEHU pole pblyarb, ApXUMeI0Bb pbIruarb pbraarb 1-one son pbrab 2-one son PaBHOIUIEYIN IUIEY0 BBHCOBDH CTEpXEHb BCceoOIIlee TATOThHIE BCEMIPHBIN BBHCOMBII BbCOMAS MpsiMasl JIMHIA BBCOMOE TEJIO, XUJIKOCTh IIJIOCKOCTb IyCTOTa eIMHHIA worker number goes backward time proportion two (jam. dvčitas), a couple of work Archimedean division of the first kind Archimedean division of the second kind with equal shoulders, equal shoulders (parallel, -te?) scales shoulder stem (core, iess, heart), stirrup? Gross weight (jam. fun) force, attraction force universal? (all) the world? weigh, weights weigh straight line body, liquid, liquid weights, weigh — lekStuma, flatness emptiness single, gen. s. solitary (cf. health, ugly, snake) {oneness, be there will be no such oneness, {oneness — emuHCTBO? It is only regrettable that I. The physics textbook for high schools was not printed. Jo 312 pages manuscript protected Vilnius University Manuscript*. After examining the manuscript I. In Končius's physics textbook for high schools, things like this are į obvious. Firstly, the variety of species ir elements of compound terms of monosyllabic terms, the abundance of descriptive terms, the uneven spelling of noun terms which, by the way, is ( found today). ir These are completely understandir able inevitabilities, because at the time when the textbook was written, the terminology of physics was just forming. Secondly, the textbook ir contains some * Končius I. Physics: Physics textbook for secondary schools: [Manuscript] // VU BR.F1.F1039. P.70. The text presented is authentic. 97 standardization criteria, i.e., Lithuanian equivalents were tried to be selected for borrowed terms, and nominative forms of adjectives or participles were tried to be used for naming species terms. Undoubtedly, I. Končius’ correspondence with K. Būga influenced the emergence of these criteria. After returning to Lithuania and teaching in Dotnuva, I. Končius in 1921 formed a commission to discuss the terms of physics." It included teachers of the Agricultural and Forestry School V. Gaigalaitis, J. Murka, V. Ruokis, J. Stanišauskas, J. Vienožinskis. The Commission discussed about 1600 terms ir 1922 m. summer submitted them to review J. Jablonski, o po the Commission on Terminology established by the Ministry of Education in 1921. The terms she considered were numbered and published in the public critics newspaper,,Lithuania“!?. Almost every list of terms begins with an introduction by the Secretary of the no Terminology Commission, A. Vireliū. As specified by A. Vireliūnas, be his, K. Būga, A. Dambrauskas, Pr. Dovydaitis, A. Smetona, Iz. Tamošaitis, some time later J. Beinoris, K. Kepalas, J. Laurinaitis, Pr. Mašiotas, J. Murka, A. Varnas'!. The list of "Terminai fizikos reikalams" in "Lietuvoje" was published in Lithuanian and Russian, but not in alphabetical order. In one of the introductions A. Vireliūnas explains this misunderstanding as follows: “I will note that Mr. I. Končiaus list is compiled in alphabetical order Russian-Lithuanian and Lithuanian- -Russian. Meanwhile, the commission publishes its terms in Lithuanian- -Russian, not in alphabetical order. That's why it happened. In principle, the Commission is determined to give priority to Lithuanian terms, explaining them in Russian, German or any other language. Following this attitude, it had to consider and publish the Lithuanian- -Russian part of the list. But, without looking back, the working commission prepared and submitted to the Commission for full consideration Russian-Lithuanian texts.9 Šenavičienė I. Physics development in Lithuania. 1920-1940. V., 1982. P. 88. 10 Certain. 1923. 108 (1225), pp. 5-6; 109 (1226). P. 6; 125 (1242). P.5-6; 141 (1258). P.7; 149 (1266). P. 5; 209 (1326). P 5; 218 (1335). P. 7-8; 233 (1350). P7; 234 (1351). P. 5; 275 (1392). P. 7; 277 (1394). P. 6-7; 278 (1395). P.7; 285 (1402). P7; 286 (1403). P. 7; 1924. 3 (1414). P. 6-7; 30 (1441). P. 7-8. "Lithuania. 1923. 218 (1335). P. 8. Style, spelling and punctuation are not corrected. 98 ką Part 1. It was agreed ir that it would end ne iš to at the beginning, but it doesn't come back. Because the Commission, when considering and thinking, does not avoid incorrect, o unchanged terms, because of jy this alphabetical order. Since iš the second party, the dates decided to publish often, every po meeting, it is necessary to give "Lithuania" list in parts"! ?, So what is the first Lithuanian dictionary of physics terms? It is gi not possible to describe the type of the dictionary "Terms for Physics" exactly. It is bilingual (Lithuanian-Russian language) dictionary of terms with explanatory glossary elements, e.g.: ampere (unit of 19. electric current) amneps — (eAMHULA KOJIMYecTBAa TOKA), 1174. presence, state, -io, position; naturalists care (sees, investigates, examines) the threefold state of matter cocToOs; — 1HHe, YYeHHE O MIPUPOIh PA3CMATPUBAET TPU COCTOsIHIS BelnecTBa, 14. amalgam, -os (Kinmeier amalgam — 1 d. lead, 1 d. Zinc ir 2 d. aMasibrama (Kunmaeiiepa amanbramMa — — METAJIMYecCKIŪ CIUIAaBB 1 V. cBHHIIa, | 4. IIUKKA H 2 4. pTYyTH) ir pan. This dictionary attempted to provide as much physics technical ir terminology as possible. On the other hand, the author's desire (replace ar descriptive compound terms with shorter ones, assign Lithuanian equivalents to ar international terms borrowed according to their meaning) , -ing, -ing, - -ing of limbs ir -a, -as, -is derivatives) are as if the norming nodes of terms, which later became perhaps the main criteria for norming terms mo in Lithuanian physics terminology. The work on physics terminology was continued ir po diamonds. One of the main organizers of physics terminology management at the time was vo J. A crooked one. 1954 m. of January 30 d. there was a I consultation on physics. In it a detailed report “On the issue of physics terminology” was read by doc. A. Potpourri. As can be seen from the iš minutes of this meeting, the following spoke in the terminology debate: ir J. "Crocodile". He stated that “The Academy of Sciences has a terminology commission whose task is to organize terminology. The terminology commission of ir the Lithuanian Language and Literature Institute is ready to help * Lithuania. 1923. 218 (1335). P. 7-8. Style, spelling ir punctuation not correct. P MA CA, F27, Ap. 1; B54a. The text presented is authentic. 99 clarification of minology issues. 1940 m. the terminology je commission, physics terms were considered. Vilnius physicists have them, some use them. ir I propose to supplement, clarify the existing list of physics terms to consider. ir Paremiu doc. Podziukinas’ opinion on the formation of the Organising Committee on Terminology. I propose į that the organising committee include representatives of various scientific institutions. I propose to multiply the list of tą physics terms to send to ir physicists. KPI technically prepares a glossary of technical terms. The terms should be agreed with the physicists. The Terminology su Commission į 1954 m. the work plan must include the harmonisation of physics terms’’!*. It was proposed to establish a Physics Terminology Commission. Į ją were included physicists H. Horodničius, J. Zdanys, doc. A. Potts, Prof. P. Linguistics ir V. Barts. Ši commission successfully continued I. The work started by the Končius Commission ir 1958 m. appeared a small-format "Physics Terms Dictionar4000 y", covering physics terms. Nors J. Kruopas į this commission of physics terminology ją ir was not directly included, but as can be seen iš jo [1947—1968] m. of published editorial works ir of articles in the Library Manuscript of the Lithuanian Literature Folklore ir Institute*”, he, as Chairman of the Terminology Commission, participated in ir discussions on 13 the preparation of dictionaries of terms, among jų ir the aforementioned Dictionary of Physical Terms. Be of, as stated in the preamble, the dictionary reviewed by the Academy of Sciences Members of the ir Terminology Commission of the Lithuanian Language and Literature Institute J. Kruopa, A. Kučinskaitė and V. Labutis, to whom the dictionary commission means sincere padéeka'e. What is the difference between this dictionary and I. Končius’s “Terminų fizikos reikalams”? Firstly, it presents only nouns and adjectives in ir the title terms, but all parts of speech. ir ne Secondly, one term is named by two, but several synonyms, one of which is ne given in parentheses with an equal sign, e.g.: degeneration po (=from- “MA CA, F27, Ap. 1; B54a. The text presented is authentic. “ Kruopas J. List of articles and editorial works published in Soviet years [1947-1968] //LLTI BR, F90-111, F90-112. '** Dictionary of Physics. Red. akad. P.Brazdžiūnas.V., 1958. 122 p. 100 adhesion), the principle of exclusion (=Pauli principle), sensitisation (=sensitization), variator (=converter), etc. ir Thirdly, no attempt to distinguish the adverbs by meaning -ing, -ing, -ing of limbs ir -a, -as, -is derivatives. Apparently, such provisions of the "Physics Terms Dictionary" were influenced by ir J. The authority of care, because one more such provision can be found in the articles. jo Subsequently, based on the ir principles of the first and second dictionary of physics terms, a large four-language “Physics Terms Dictionary” was prepared, which was published in 2005. 1979 m. It is considered one of the best publications in terminology. O This is undoubtedly be due to the constant cooperation of physicist linguists. ir Received 1998 07 02 101