Dėl kompiuterijos terminų „laikmena“, „kaupiklis“, „skaitlys“, „tvarkyklė“ ir „kaupa“ vartojimo

Gintarė ŽALKAUSKAITĖ, Valerijonas ŽALKAUSKAS University of Vilnius ON COMPUTER OS DEADLINES MEMORY, CUPLER, NUMBERER, PROCESSOR IR PURCHASE The terminology of computer science is constantly changing because of the rapid development of technology in this field. The American computer language reflects the differently used concepts of various firms and is characterized by variability and polysemancy. An example of a multi-significant term may be drive, mų spindle, counter, medium. ir 1. 2. 3. 4. This term, as the polysemantic ir Russian equivalent of jo xaxonumens, reflects the development of computing devices along with the ir change of names. In recent years, computer 10 accessories have changed significantly, along with the concepts and o terms used. su For example, the previously ir used term catalog (English) directory, fr. rėpertoire, rus. kamanoe) is now changing folders (English) folder, pranc. dossier, rus. nanka). The French are constantly updating their terminology, so in older dictionaries we find some [1] French equivalents to English terms, in the French version of Windows in the o official 95 computer lexicon ar dictionary others. [2] The Lithuanian computer terminology consists of iš two parts. The first part is based on the Russian terms of large calculating machines. The second part is now done according to the English terminology of personal computer window environments. Some of the terms in the first part are obsolete. It happens that the terms of the ir old and new part contradict each other or the same word means different concepts. For example, the old storage device is the new media. In the language of computer scientists ir /The skeleton is alive. We asked computer scientists how they understand the term media. Most responded that the jų medium is a floppy disk, disk, magnetic tape. It would appear that the medium is perceived as a collective name of various information storage devices. However, [3] in the dictionary a. medium means r. medium, carrier, Hocumens. [4] dictionary medium a. medium, media, r. Kocumens defined as ‘physical medium for recording data’. ir The medium itself is 65 defined as the environment. It is difficult to understta and what the data recording term pė ar data recording environment. Another [3] dictionary term is — accumulator, counter-type a. adder, storage unit, drive, aKKYMYJISTOp, CyMMarop. r. [4] drive, storage, a. accumulator, memory unit, nakonumens, memory unit, memory unit, r. memory unit, o [5] memory unit, memory unit, a. memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit, memory unit Obviously, the term accumulator is translated from Russian xaxonumenb. iš However, it is not entirely clear why this term is assigned to different English meanings: 1. (storage, memory unit), 2. storage unit (accumulator), 3. pridetuvo (counter-type adder). [4] storage unit is defined as: “the device so to store the company ir name for data recording”, thus the data application nų device. The floppy disk drive is defined as: "a storage device with a floppy disk as its data medium". So the floppy disk ("floppy disk") is already a media. However, it is hardly ar appropriate to call the floppy disk a medium. [5] there is also a diskette drive, floppy drive. It is not clear what is stored here and what is the difference between the media and the storage device. It seems that these terms mean the same thing. However, the old memory pushes the media aside, so the latter is given not very clear equivalents in other languages. Neither the English nor the French names of disks, floppies and tapes emphasize accumulation. It should no longer be used to name information storage devices. The term medium is better suited for this purpose, with the following equivalents in other languages: e médimena a. storage unit, storage, drive, p. mėmoire de stocage, support de données, r. Hakonumenb, Hocumenb OAHHbIX. Here are some of the terms used in the field of data storage: e tape drive, tape storage, p. mémoire a bande magnetique, r. e floppy disk a. disk drive, diskette drive, p. mėmoire A disquettes, r. KakKonumenb Ha JOucKemax; e diskinė laikmena a. disk drive, disk unit, p. mémoire a disques, r. Hakonumenb na OUCKAX. Information is recorded on the media. It is already common to say, “we will record the song on a record or magnetic tape”. Therefore, the term recording a. recording, saving, p. enregistrement, ecriture, r. 3anucb, coxpanenue, seems to be no longer necessary. 66 Operating systems OS/2 Warp'o [6] ar IBM Words's Lithuanian versions in ir other In computer programs adapted for Lithuania, instead of the English command, we will find ourselves recording the Lithuanian command. However, [5] a. save — themselves. The term preservation, translated iš from Russian coxpanenue, for the recording of information should be considered obsolete. Where information is actually iš stored, another term is used: saugojimas, sauga, apsauga protection, safeguarding, protection, a. sauvegarde, zaujuma, p. oxpana. Recorded media files r. are stored in cabinets, drawers. į Here we have a clear term storage storage, stockage, a. xpanenue. The p. opposite of r. recording is reading, lecture, cuumbieanue, omcuēm. In computers, unlike tape a. recorders, p. information is r. first read, loaded into active memory only į ir po to reproduced, displayed, ar processed. There is no doubt about the reading term. Somewhat more su complicated with media reader devices. [4,6] a disk reader is called a disk drive. This term is not very accurately iš translated into Russian duckosod. The Russian word, like ir the English equivalent drive, emphasizes driving, defense, o control, Lithuanian disk drive emphasizes rotation. But spinning here is not the main event. Be therefore, the drive is defined as a storage device. Thus, the storage device is now a reading, storage device. o ne [4] floppy disk reader is called a floppy drive, tape reader tape drive. o — These terms do not form a system, because one collective name is jų required. The French use the word ir lecteur for all reading recording devices. Ji corresponds well to Lithuanian numerals. Using a number, we will have a system of terms: number reader, drive, lecteur, cuumamens, duck0600; disk e number hard disk a. drive, HDD, lecteur disque p, dur, JucK0600, r. cuumbi6earomee ycmpolicmeo e OUCKa; floppy disk drive, FDD, a. lecteur disguettes, JducK0600, cuumbiearomee p. yempolicmeo de OUCKen, tape drive, tape deck, r. tape reader, lecteur bande, cauumbiearomee ycmpoiicmeo e NeHmbi; compact disc counter a. compact disk p. de r. e a. de r. e a. ROM drive, lecteur disque p. cėdėrom, 67 de cuumviearomee yempoiicmeo r. onmuueckoeo OUcKa; optical reader, lecteur optique, e onmuueckoe cyumoléarouee a. yempoticmeo. The latter p. reader, which reads barcodes r. of goods, can be found in stores. It is a scout counter does not have a — rotary mechanism. Floppy disk ir counters have only a read head, but ne a spindle, disk drive, entrainment disque, ir duck0600. — a. p. de r. We will note that for many of the terms discussed here, the English equivalent of the main Zod is drive. It is worth discussing ir another close word driver, device driver, meaning — software that controls technical devices digits, printers. The English term manager has a similar meaning. The — Lithuanian driver equivalent driver has already been ir installed in the user interface. French driver manager translates one word gestionnaire, i.e. ir controller. Although there is a difference between a ir driver manager, it is still difficult to distinguish a driver from a controller. Therefore, driver could be used in a broader sense, e.g.: driver driver, manager, gestionnaire, e npoepamma a. Opaiieep, ynpaenaroujan. p. npoezpamMMa; r. printer driver printer driver, p.gestionnaire d'inprimante, e Opaiū6ep npunmepa; print a. manager, gestionnaire d'impression, npo2pamma, r. ynpasasrouias neuambIo; e device driver, gestionnaire a. pėriphėrigue, Opaiieep p. ycmpoucmea; file manager, r. gestionnaire fichiers, ducneuep e (hbaiinos; program a. manager, gestionnaire p. programmes, de Oucneuep r. npozpamMM; window e manager windows a. manager, gestionnaire p. fenétres, de ducneuep r. e a. p. de r. e a. p. de r. 0KOH; e interrupt handler, a. gestionnaire interruptiop. n, de 06pabomuux npepbieanui. r. Another term to discuss is buffering — [3,4]. Neither English nor French have the word bufferisation. Therefore, the word 68 buffering is of unclear origin. In computers, angl. buffer, pranc. tampon, mémoire tampon is a part of memory where information is temporarily stored. Stacking allows you to coordinate the performance of two ar applications on devices with different speeds [2]. Thus, a. buffering, p. tamponnage means temporary accumulation of information. The English term spooling has a very similar meaning in computer ir science. — [5]. Files are stored in the buffer (spooler) for later printing. Both events are well described by the term spooling, e.g. spooling, buffering, spoulage, famponnage, e nodkauxa, bygpepuposanue, a. 6yppepusayus. p. r. We will give some general terms: atsčioji kaupa remote spooling, e tamponnage distance, a. Jducmanuyuonnoe b6yggepuposanue; p. double buffering, a tamponnage r. double, deoiinoe oypepuposanue; e dynamic buffer dynamic a. buffering, tamponnage p. dynamique, QUHamu4eckas r. nodkauka, OuHamuueckas e a. p. I. Gyghdepuzauus; e kauptiné spauda spooled print, a. impression tamponnage, p. newams a r. c 6yghpepuszayuei. Next to these terms should be a buffer memory ir part for — storing intermediate results: buffer spooler, buffer, e spoule, a. tampon, nakonumen», p. bygep; video buffer, r. tampon d’image, + 6ygep a. p. r. U300paxicenus, eudeonamamb; e collection store type head a. buffer, tampon clavier, 6ydbep kaasamypel; p. spaudos de kaupyklé r. printing spooler, tampon + d’impression, bydbepnoe a. newamarowezo ycmpoiicmea. p. r. 3Y Bapronserkn l. literature it AB, 3atianx b. U,boposuxkosa J. HU. CioBaps rio nmporpammupoBanuio. Mocksa: The clothes are s3eik, 1991. 2. Informal computer vocabulary de la Commission ministérielle de terminologie informatique. http://www-rocq.inria.fr/~deschamp/www/CMTI/LAF. html. 69 3. Valatkaitė R., Kudirka Z. Computer science. V.: Lithuanian Information Institute, 1998, 4. Paulauskas K. V, Jasinevičius R. Dictionary of Computer Science. K.: Technology, 1995. - 5. English-Lithuanian Explanatory Dictionary of Computer Science. Red A. Kirejevas, K.: Smaltija, 1997. 6. OS/2 User Guide. V.: UAB ‘Baltic Amadeus”, 1997. 70